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The simple, Wegstein and hyperbolic procedures of iteration are compared and shown to differ only in the ways in which the derivative of the correction factor with respect to concentration are calculated. The simple and hyperbolic methods are demonstrated either to provide slow convergence in certain cases or to lead to wrong values, or even to show divergence. The Wegstein procedure is recommended as being, in general, the fastest and most reliable method.

Springer, Victor G., C. Lavett Smith, and Thomas H. Fraser. Anisochromis straussi, New Species of Protogynous Hermaphroditic Fish, and Synonymy of Anisochromidae, Pseudoplesiopidae, and Pseudochromidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology^ number 252, 15 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables, 1977.—Anisochromis straussi is described from the isolated St. Brandon's Shoals in the southwestern Indian Ocean. The species exhibits two types of color patterns, which are correlated to some degree with size and sex. Histological sections of the gonads indicate that all testes have a nonfunctional cavity that represents the remnant of the ovarian lumen, and all have remnants of oocytes among the acini. The smaller specimens are female, the larger, males. Evidence is presented that the Anisochromidae, Pseudoplesiopidae, and Pseudochromidae form a monophyletic group. Evidence is also presented that within this group the Pseudoplesiopidae and Anisochromidae form a monophyletic group and each of these two taxa is definable based on autapomorphies. The Pseudochromidae appear to be a possibly polyphyletic primitive residue group that is not definable on the basis of autapomorphies. The lowest phylogenetic level for which there is evidence of monophyly among the fishes currently assigned to the Anisochromidae, Pseudoplesiopidae, and Pseudochromidae was chosen as the level for family recognition. Pseudochromidae is the oldest family-group name available for this level. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Springer, Victor Gruschka, 1928Anisochromis straussi, new species of protogynous hermaphroditic fish, and synonymy of Anisochromidae, Pseudoplesiopidae, and Pseudochromidae. (Smithsonian contributions to zoology : no 252) Bibliography, p. 1. Anisochromis straussi. 2. Pseudochromidae 3. Hermaphroditism. 4. Fishes—Mauritius— Cargados C'.arajos Shoals. I. Smith, C. Lavett, 1927, joint author. II. Fraser, Thomas H., joint author. III. Title: Anisochromis straussi. new species of protogynous hermaphroditic fish. . . IV. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 252. QL1.S54 no. 252 [QL638.P84] 591.'08s [597/58J 77-608069

The stimulus suffix effect is investigated when it follows an auditory memory list in which rated meaningfulness was manipulated at the final serial position. A verbal suffix disrupts the terminal list item compared with a noise suffix, but rated meaningfulness affects recall performance significantly despite the presence of a verbal suffix. With ordered recall, there is some evidence that a verbal suffix disrupts items rated low in meaningfulness to a greater extent (Expt. I); this interaction does not show when serial order recall is stipulated (Expt. II). The effect of rated meaningfulness with a verbal stimulus suffix eliminates a model in which information about the final item is retrieved exclusively from precategorical acoustic storage. The paper discusses two propositions about the preliminary stages of acoustic analysis and encoding in the absence of focal attention.

The operational behaviour of two flexible manufacturing systems was investigated. A distinction was made between downtimes due to organisational causes and those due to technical causes. Duration of breakdowns, types of breakdowns and actions of the staff while operating the plant were analysed. Furthermore, a method for an uninterrupted description of the manufacturing routine of flexible manufacturing systems is presented, which can be used to improve operational behaviour.

An incompressible fluid of constant thermal diffusivity k , flows with velocity u = Sy in the x -direction, where S is a scaling factor for the velocity gradient at the wall y = 0. The region — L ≤ x ≤ 0 is occupied by a heated film of temperature T 1 , the rest of the wall being insulated. Far from the film the fluid temperature is T 0 < T 1 . The finite heated film is approximated by a semi-infinite half-plane x < 0 by assuming that the boundary-layer solution is valid somewhere on the finite region upstream of the trailing edge. Exact solutions in terms of Fourier inverse integrals are obtained by using the Wiener-Hopf technique for the dimensionless temperature distribution on the half-plane x > 0 and the heat transfer from the heated film. An asymptotic expansion is made in inverse powers of x and the coefficient of the leading term is used to calculate the exact value of the total heat-transfer as a function of the length L . It is shown that the boundary layer solution differs from the exact solution by a term of order L -1/3 for large L . An expansion in powers of x for the heat transfer upstream of the trailing edge is also found. Application of the theory, together with that of Springer & Pedley (1973), to hot films used in experiments are discussed for the range of values of L(S/K) ½ , up to 20.

The loss of X-ray intensity caused by the rediffusion of electrons in microanalyser targets has been determined from published experimental data on the energy distribution of backscattered electrons and from a simple relationship between the electron energy and the X-ray intensity. The calculation involves a numerical integration which has been performed on a computer. The data obtained can be used directly to make corrections in quantitative microanalysis.

SummaryQuantitative electronprobe microanalyses have been made of stannite from various localities. It was found that in general this mineral corresponds in composition to the formula Cu2FeSnS4. However, noticeable deviations in the ratio of the metals can occur and considerable concentrations of zinc may be present.Some tin minerals related to stannite have also been analysed, namely hexastannite, mawsonite, and an apparently hitherto unknown mineral to which the name rhodostannite is given.

Electron probe measurements of natural zoned bravoite suggest complete solid solution of iron, cobalt, and nickel end members. Miscibility gaps indicated by experimental work were not found. It is concluded that natural bravoite is formed metastably from hydrothermal solutions at temperatures below those at which diffusion processes tend to decompose the metastable phase. The explanation is supported by thermodynamic reasoning and by experimental synthesis of zoned bravoite at temperatures below 300 degrees C.

Magnetic transducers for magnetographic printing consists of a long array of individual heads, each serving to magnetize a small region on a drum, coated with a standard magnetic media recording surface. The head elements are energized in a fashion that is similar to the firing of the pins in a dot-matrix print head. In this way the drum surface is magnetized in a pattern that represents text or picture. Toner particles are attracted to, and adhere to the magnetized patterns, and nowhere else. Transferring this toner pattern to paper, and fusing the toner into the paper surface completes the printing process. This paper describes a novel transducer for performing the magnetic printing of dots onto a magentic drum.

Doppler sonography of the extracranial arteries was done in 556 unselected patients (greater than 40 years) in a prophylactic study. 226 high risk patients with arterial occlusive leg disease (AOD) served as control group. Doppler sonography revealed stenoses or occlusions of the carotid, vertebral and (or) subclavian arteries in 9.17% of normal persons and in 38.05% of AOD patients. Medical treatment is available only for stenoses (not occlusions) of the carotid arteries. Thus the frequency of asymptomatic internal carotid stenoses--only stenoses of more than 50% lumen diminution can be detected--of 2.33% in the group of normal probands and of 17.2% in the patient group is the reference value and justification for use of Doppler sonography for prophylactic assessment. The atraumatic and safe method with a success rate of 2.33% is suitable particularly in increased risk factors (age, males, smoking, hypertension, diabetes). As a prophylactic investigation in patients with arterial occlusive disease Doppler sonography is mandatory before prospective operations.

The authors have made a systematic study by PRICK-test and RAST, sometimes followed by a rhino-manometric provocation, of the frequency of sensitization to the two moulds Alternaria and Cladosporium in 200 "all comers" children in a paediatric consultation. The frequency was low, only 10% for those consulting in the groups of asthma, rhinitis, pollinosis, repeated respiratory infections and syndromes of obstructed expiration taken together, and 13% for allergic asthma only. This sensitivity is rarely isolated, but is most often accompanied, or complicated by, other pneumoallergens, such as dust, mites, pollens and sometimes cockroaches. It imposes certain particular clinical traits on asthma (summer asthma or recurring asthma) and in others appears to be strongly influenced by the habitat. The skin tests seem to be very weak and RAST insufficient to be sure of real sensitization. Diagnosis, always difficult, is probably best done by a provocation test (preferably rhino-manometry) and this jumps over the bundle of clinical and biological arguments, as well as being, at least in our country, the most useful mimic of atmospheric moulds. The authors insist on the importance of the interrogation which should be concerned with the chronological and environmental circumstances and all respiratory infections that are suspected of having an allergic factor.