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The integration of satellite and terrestrial networks has become inevitable in the next generations of communications networks due to emerging needs of ubiquitous connectivity of remote locations. New and existing services and critical infrastructures in remote locations in sea, on land and in space will be seamlessly connected through a diverse set of terrestrial and non-terrestrial communication technologies. However, the integration of terrestrial and non-terrestrial systems will open up both systems to unique security challenges that can arise due to the migration of security challenges from one to another. Similarly, security challenges can also arise due to the incompatibility of distinct systems or incoherence of security policies. The resulting security implications, thus, can be highly consequential due to the criticality of the infrastructures such as space stations, autonomous ships, and airplanes, for instance. Therefore, in this article we study existing security challenges in satellite-terrestrial communication systems and discuss potential solutions for those challenges. Furthermore, we provide important research directions to encourage future research on existing security gaps. Funding Agencies|CF_Space Project - VTT; AI-NET-ANTILLAS Project - Business Finland; 6G Genesis Flagship Project [318927]; Automation Program II, Trafikverket; EU AiRMOUR Project [101006601]

Aim. The presented study aims to develop a scientifically based method of obtaining quantitative indicators for the staffing of priority areas through the training of highly qualified scientific personnel. Tasks. The authors create a methodology for comparing the topics of dissertation research (scientific specialties and dissertation topics) with the priority areas formulated in the Strategy for the Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation (STD RF); conduct a survey of candidates of sciences to learn their assessment of the compliance ofdissertation research topics with the priority areas of the STD RF strategy and to identify the peculiarities of the professional development of candidates of sciences after the defense of their dissertations; analyze the staffing of the priority areas of the STD RF strategy through the training of highly qualified personnel (HQP) based on the results of the survey and the developed methodology for matching the topic of the dissertation with the topics of the priority areas of the STD RF strategy and the retention of the trained HQP in the scientific and technological field corresponding to such priority areas; identify Competence Centers for the training of HQP for the staffing of the priority directions of the STD RF strategy. Methods. A methodology of step-by-step matching of dissertation research and priority areas according to the criteria of "scientific specialty" and "dissertation title" is developed using three approaches: expert, keyword-based, and embedding-based. A sociological survey of 8,402 candidates of sciences was conducted to obtain quantitative indicators. Results. It is found that only one out of three candidates of sciences who defended a dissertation in one of the priority areas continues to engage in scientific activity on the subject of his dissertation after the defense. Over half of the candidates of sciences (around 60 %) whose dissertation topic corresponds to the priorities of the STD RF strategy occasionally engage in scientific activities on the subject of their dissertation research. Around 12 % of candidates of sciences stopped developing their research topics after defending their dissertations. Conclusions. The potential of HQP trained in the subject of priority areas is not fully realized. The number of HQP that remain focused on the topics of the priority areas of the STD RF strategy can serve as a benchmark for the formation of indicators of staffing efficiency in the priority areas of scientific and technological development.

The article presents the results of a large­scale study devoted to the formation of forecast indicators of recruitment needs of the Russian Arctic economy as the most important geostrategic territory of the country. Information about them is presented in regional, industry and professional terms. The basic and additional sources to ensure these needs of the Russian Arctic economy have been identified. It is concluded that there is a serious shortage of the internal labor resources of the Arctic territories, hence the need to attract additional labor force, including for the implementation of investment projects. It is shown that the current situation in the system of training qualified specialists in the Arctic territories contradicts the long­term plans for the Russian Arctic development. In the context of the implementation of the state’s new Arctic strategy, the importance of building a well­thought­out state policy for staffing the Arctic territories, development of human capital sectors, and diversification of the Arctic economy is noted.