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"Religion and the Rise of Sport in England" by Hugh McLeod is a comprehensive exploration of the interactions between sport, religion, and the churches in England from 1790 to the present. The book examines the role of different branches of Christianity, particularly the evangelicals, in relation to sport, with a focus on the Sabbath question. McLeod argues that social class has been more influential than faith in shaping divisions in sport, but also acknowledges the increasing significance of faith and ethnicity in amateur clubs and teams from the 1970s onwards. The book provides a nuanced understanding of the transition from sport defining class identity to becoming a dimension of personal theology. However, it could have delved further into the impact of professional sports and the clash between wealth, class, and culture. Overall, "Religion and the Rise of Sport in England" offers a state-of-the-art account of the complex relationship between religion and sport in England since the industrial revolution. [Extracted from the article]

This article critically reflects upon the symbolic role of sport in relation to nationalism and national identity within contemporary Scottish society. Drawing upon an ethnosymbolist theoretical approach, the article discusses: (a) the mythology associated with Scottish 'national sports'; (b) the existence of independent Scottish teams; and (c) the evocation of ancient Scottish history and warfare within the symbolism of Scottish sport. It underlines the import of sporting issues to ongoing theoretical debates regarding nationalism and national identity in contemporary Scottish society, concluding that ethnosymbolism remains an effective theoretical explanation of the nature of contemporary Scottish nationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a historiographic review of the literature on the Olympic Games and the Cold War. The topic has been a growth area among scholars of both diplomatic history and the history of sports over the past three decades. Most of the literature has been in English, but a significant amount of work has appeared in French, German, and a few other languages. Despite the proliferation and richness of the historiography, some large gaps in coverage still exist, and some important issues still need to be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After completing his eligibility at Southampton, Washington flew off to Poland in January 1979 to join Start Lublin, becoming the first American to play pro basketball behind the Iron Curtain. In the fall of 1987, Anderson reported to his new team in Lublin, as it happened, the same city where Kent Washington had made his spectacular debut eight years prior. Kent Washington, Kentomania: A Black Basketball Virtuoso in Communist Poland, ed. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Historische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: Applying Bronfenbrenner's Bio-Ecological Systems Theory and PPCT model recommendations, this study examined whether specific or multiple factors were associated with participation status in Australian youth swimming; a context known for high dropout rates. Methods: Participants were continuing (N = 99) and former (N = 104) swimmers, aged 8–18 years, who competed at club-national level in New South Wales, Australia. Participants completed an online survey, examining socio-demographic, participation history, and coach-created motivational climate characteristics (using the EDMCQ-C). To identify influential factors, a combination of T-tests, Odds Ratios, and MANOVA analyses were used. To confirm the presence of coach-motivational climate types and their association with participant status, cluster analyses with follow-up Odds Ratios were used. Results: Except athlete age and sex, other socio-demographic, participation history, and family sport history participation were not associated with dropout. Meanwhile, EDMCQ-C analyses identified three cluster types of coach-created climate (empowering, disempowering, and neutral), with disempowering and empowering types, respectively, associated with dropout and continuation. The neutral climate was associated with low-moderate EDMCQ-C sub-scale scoring and was neither associated with dropout nor continuation. Conclusion: Findings identify the influence of coach-created motivational climates and not athlete-related factors on continued Australian youth swimming participation, highlighting coaching implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century is one of the most exciting periods in the history of Hungarian sport. In the capital and in the countryside, countless clubs were founded which played a decisive role in the cultivation and dissemination of physical culture. One of these clubs was the Eperjesi Torna és Vívó Egyesület (Slovak: Prešovský telocvičný a šermovný spolok, English: Gymnastics and Fencing Club of Eperjes), which became one of the first sports clubs in the eastern part of Upper Hungary, also having a tremendous social impact. Throughout its history, the ETVE has been a staunch advocate of Hungarian identity, not only promoting sport, but also working for assimilation of ethnic minorities in the period before the First World War and against assimilation of Hungarians after 1920. Although the name of ETVE is not unknown to those interested in Hungarian sport history, the history of the club's development remains completely unexplored, and the aim of this research is to fill this gap, which also provides an opportunity to gain, through sports, insight into the life of a Hungarian community that has almost completely disappeared by now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Aposta is the property of Aposta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Members of the Romanian elites encouraged various leisure and sporting activities from the late nineteenth century but most notably from the turn of the twentieth century onwards and during the post-WWI period. Some even become sportsmen and sportswomen recognized both nationally and internationally. Their participation in national and international sporting competitions (e.g. equestrian sports, motorsport, tennis, bobsleigh, sledging, skiing, ice-skating, ice-hockey, boxing, rugby and football) expanded to its highest level in the interwar period. Many intriguing and compelling aspects of the history of sport in south-east Europe in this period remain to be explored, and this article aims to show how the Romanian Royal Automobile Club (R.R.A.C.) promoted motor racing and sports tourism during a period of great changes for Romanian society. Moreover, the club fulfilled a significant public service role, unusual for a sports association, assisting the Romanian state in its process of nation building, elite integration and economic advancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines the creation of a new undergraduate module on sport, tourism and heritage, at The University of Edinburgh, one based within the confines of a bachelor's program in sport management. The author emphasizes that this is part of a growing trend toward integrating heritage (alongside history) into Scottish/U.K. sport management academia, as something which can potentially address skills and employability outcomes while still offering the opportunity to critically discuss issues in the sport industry. The creation, running, format, and content of this module is discussed, within the context of its first being offered remotely in September 2020 in between "lockdowns" during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the potential for the Youth Olympic Games (YOG) to provide a model for reforming the Olympic Games (OG) and making them more sustainable and efficient. The YOG has successfully utilized existing and temporary venues, making it a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly event. It has also prioritized local attendance and implemented social media and new media strategies to enhance its reach. By incorporating these successful elements from the YOG, the OG could reduce costs, increase accessibility, and improve sustainability. The article suggests that the YOG could play a leadership role in redefining venue usage and expenditure practices within the framework of the OG. [Extracted from the article]

Ocular trauma affects millions of people worldwide and is a leading cause of secondary glaucoma. Angle recession is the main cause of post-traumatic glaucoma after blunt eye trauma, and it is usually unilateral. The aim of this paper is to investigate the possible causes of angle recession with a bilateral presentation. Airbag activation during traffic accidents is a likely cause to be ruled out, along with repeated head or eye trauma, due to contact sports or a history of physical abuse. These aspects can aid in early detection, appropriate management, and improved outcomes for patients with ocular trauma. Finally, we report the case of a 75-year-old Caucasian man who developed a bilateral angle recession after an airbag impact, with advanced glaucoma in the right eye and ocular hypertension in the left eye. To our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature of chronic post-traumatic glaucoma probably caused by an airbag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of new connections between politics and sports emerging with the development of the sports diplomacy concept at the end of the 20th century makes sports diplomacy a special topic for academic study. This article aims to conceptualize the important viewpoints, key resources, technology transfer strategies, and expected outcomes discussed in the international literature on sports diplomacy as a reference for Taiwan's sports diplomacy research. The international literature analyzed, as well as Taiwan's output on this topic, focuses on the exercise of soft power in sports and the sports diplomacy model. The results reveal the viewpoints and diplomatic strategies of countries that have used sports as a tool of soft power since the Cold War, which illustrate the diplomatic value of sports under sufficient conditions. This value derives from the definition and application of important sports resources and key technology transfer strategies. Clearly, under sufficient conditions, sports play a role in deflecting conflicts, which is conducive to peace negotiations, sports knowledge transfer, and the understanding and development of different cultures. Finally, the article compares Taiwan's research trend in sports diplomacy with the international research trend and puts forward suggestions with a view to facilitating the context of Taiwan's multi-sport diplomatic history being written into the global perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 1970s, the Black Panther Party believed in and provided sports programming that spoke to community embodiment. The Party's approach aligned with what Jack and Micki Scott called "the sports liberation movement." Though understudied in sports history, the Scotts endeavored to create a revolution motivated by the 1968 Olympics. They controversially wrote about and taught sports in a way that prioritized the needs and well-being of professional athletes and everyday people, rather than US patriotism and capitalism consumption. Influenced by fellow leftists like the Scotts, the Black Panthers circulated ideas on freedom and free movement, drawing inspiration from international role models in non-European, socialist countries too. They imagined that socialist sports could escape the militarization of sport in the US and find space for gender inclusion. Their interpretation of socialism showed up in both philosophy and pedagogy, on and off the mat. Using sports archives from the Party as well as broader newspaper research, I contend in this essay that the Panthers, representative of the larger Black Power movement, politicized sport as a necessary site to revolutionize the everyday person's life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of detailed documentary analysis reminds us that whilst much is made of museums as depositories for and exhibitors of "objects", sport-dedicated museums invariably hold a much wider range of material culture within what are typically referred to as "collections". The establishment of the Women Golfers' Museum in 1938 alone reveals that women consciously generated and were keepers of their own sporting heritage; this was untypical compared to other women's sports at the time, that is, where the emerging material culture was less methodically preserved and certainly not institutionalised through establishment of a dedicated museum. This special issue was conceived as an opportunity to showcase work produced under an Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) scheme of collaborative doctoral partnerships (CDP) initiated in 2012 by the UKRI. [Extracted from the article]

Neither archives nor museums are neutral. They reflect particular sets of priorities: those of the institution; the collectors and curators within them; and those of their intended audiences. In the context of sport, gender is a key influence on these priorities. Yet sporting archives are relatively silent about women's historical involvement in sport. A number of Collaborative Doctoral Partnership projects delivered through Sporting Heritage use oral history as a methodology for academic research and as an intervention in the archive, expanding collections and giving voice to otherwise under-represented groups. In this paper, I focus on issues relating to oral history in heritage settings and in the academic practice of history: the history of the methodology itself and its implications for a shared research agenda, including the extent to which oral history can – and should – be used as a method of historical recovery. In sport heritage and sport history. where men and the masculine have dominated the academic discipline and the practice of collecting, I consider the gendering of oral history, and its implications for such collections. Lastly, I reflect on the critical opportunities offered by this methodological approach, as well as the challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej is the property of Redakcja Przegladu Socjologii Jakosciowej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Arthralgia or joint pain is a heterogeneous condition including organic and nonorganic joint pain. It is common in older populations, particularly in females. There is evidence that menopausal changes are associated with increased prevalence of arthralgia. While physical activities have been recommended to mitigate osteoarthritis (OA) and arthralgia, sport participation also carries risk factors due to excessive loading of some joints and possible injuries. The aim was to evaluate the association of training patterns, prior injuries, and severity of menopausal symptoms with arthralgia in female Masters weightlifters. Methods: Competitive female Masters weightlifters (n=868, 30-78 years) from 30 countries completed an online survey including joint pain for different anatomical sites, weightlifting training and performance, sport history, and menopausal symptoms. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association of training patterns, prior sport participation, and menopausal symptom severity with arthralgia separately for shoulders, spine, hips, knees, ankles, elbows, and hands. Results: Arthralgia was most reported in knees (38.8%), shoulders (29.8%), hands/wrists (28.8%), and hips (24.9%). The prevalence of arthralgia was 51.5% in pre-menopausal women, 62.4% in women post natural menopause and 73.3% in women post medical or surgical menopause. Lifting heavier weights was associated with arthralgia in hips (OR=1.05, p=0.03), knees (OR=1.06, p=0.01), and hands/wrists (OR=1.05, p=0.04), but prior strength training was protective for arthralgia in the shoulders (OR=0.66, p=0.02). Prior injuries and psychological menopausal symptom severity were associated with an increased risk for arthralgia (p<0.01). Conclusions: Arthralgia was common in competitive female weightlifters. Training frequency was not associated with arthralgia, but lifting heavier weights relative to age and body mass was. Prior injuries and menopausal symptoms were associated with arthralgia, but prior strength training was protective of arthralgia in the shoulders. Athletes, coaches and sports medicine professionals should be aware that prevalence of polyarthralgia increases in post-menopausal athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of technology has had a very extraordinary impact on human civilization, such as the example of the development of the digital era in the world of videography. The focus of this study is analyzing the structure constructed by the camera movement of sport live events. The authors used semiotic analysis in this study to describe the live sports video of the event. The author then relates to the meaning of the visual signs of several scenes in each video, in order to understand the phenomena being studied, such as behavior, perception, and action in the form of words. Using Roland Barthes’ analysis method, there are three meanings of visual messages in the camera movement sport live event, namely denotative, connotative, and mythical meanings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Note 1 Matija Mato Skerbi'c,»Bioethics of Sport and Its Place in the Philosophy of Sport«, I Synthesis philosophica i , 34 (2019), 2, 379-394. From the institutional inauguration of the discipline in 1972, philosophy of sport tends to expand, spreading itself around the world from one country to another, and including new philosophical inspirations. Therefore, the next three chapters discuss the ethics of sport, normative theories of sport, and the bioethics of sport. [Extracted from the article]

Bunk uses a case study analysis centered on soccer in the city of Pittsburgh to highlight the expansion and subsequent downfall of adult soccer clubs in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The rise of stable professional soccer leagues in the United States is providing youth participants with more outlets for soccer competition and allowing greater social bonding opportunities for fans of these teams. One of the strongest contributions that I From Football to Soccer i provides to the field of sport sociology is a deep exploration into underresearched areas of U.S. soccer history. [Extracted from the article]

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the development of a woman Brazilian taekwondo expert coach. Based on the literature, a semi-structured interview on the coach development was used for the data collection, which was analyzed according to the content analysis method with a deductive approach. In addition, other relevant themes about the development of the woman coach emerged inductively during the data analysis. The results showed different variables that contributed to the coach development, such as personal characteristics, formal learning, non-formal learning, informal learning and positive support from family and friends. The influence of her career as a high-performance athlete stands out, as well as the knowledge of the English language, which contributed and facilitated the woman coach's performance during international competitions. In conclusion, the present study provides valuable information about the shortage of expert woman coaches in Brazilian taekwondo, which may have significant implications for the taekwondo development and for the promotion of gender equality in the sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is more and more mention these days of the reserve forces, especially volunteer reservists. History has proven that no armed forces can exist without reservists, equally, no all-volunteer force can exist without volunteer reservists. However, the reservists are on active duty only for a limited time, so they must be kept "forged together" during the remaining time - with professional programmes, both physically and mentally. Moreover, the volunteer reservists are not only suitable for this, but also willing to participate in it. International experience shows that reserve associations are the most suitable for this in their role of connecting society and the armed forces. In our study, we examine how the sports activities of reserve associations can bring positive individual and social benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite being an integral part of the country's sporting identity, the history of competitive archery remains a neglected area of South Africa's sports history. Following its establishment in the 1860s as an elitist recreational activity characterised by social gatherings and merrymaking, it gradually developed into a well-organised and nationally coordinated sport during the 20th century. En route, it intersected with issues such as race, gender, professionalism, and politics, all of which collectively shaped its South African character. Due to a lack of original archives, none of the affiliated members of Archery South Africa have thus far documented their own illustrious past. This article, using the literature on artefact biographies, reconstructs the history of both South African and Free State archery with the aid of a small number of artefacts in the collection of the National Museum, Bloemfontein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Name, Image, and Likeness ("NIL") is a prominent topic in college sports. States have adopted NIL laws regulating a student athlete's ability to earn compensation from their NIL. However, states, universities, and the National Collegiate Athletic Association ("NCAA") alike are looking to Congress for federal NIL legislation. This Comment argues in support of federal NIL legislation generally. Specifically, Congress should first declare that monetizing a student athlete's NIL and developing paid NIL opportunities for student-athletes are substantial non-exempt purposes that preclude NIL collectives from exemption under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code"). Second, Congress should enact the Athlete Opportunity and Taxpayer Integrity Act ("AOTIA"). Part I is an introduction to NIL.1 Part II summarizes the history of college sports and evaluates how NIL fits into that history.2 Part III assesses NIL laws in other states and examines Maryland's NIL laws.3 Part IV provides an overview of section 501(c)(3) of the Code.4 Part V analyzes the status of NIL collectives under section 501(c)(3).5 Part VI proposes language that Congress should adopt in its federal NIL legislation regarding the status of NIL collectives under section 501(c)(3).6 Part VII is the conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Online Journal of Recreation & Sports is the property of Online Journal of Recreation & Sports and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper endeavours to explore the sports history of Pakistan to uncover potential links to ethnicity, national identity, and the fostering of unity. National identity is a multifaceted concept characterized by its complexity. It encompasses the collective sense of belonging, cultural heritage, values, and traditions that unite people within a specific geographic area, creating a distinct nation. Individuals' perceptions of their country and fellow citizens are shaped by historical events, social interactions, and shared memories. National identity significantly influences individuals' behavior, attitudes, and sense of belonging to their nation. National identity is primarily molded by a combination of elements such as historical accounts, language usage, religious affiliations, cultural practices, and symbols of community. These components contribute to a shared narrative that connects individuals to their nation's past while providing a framework for understanding their place in the present. National identity often emphasizes the importance of fostering a collective sense of unity and solidarity within diverse communities, transcending individual differences. Nonetheless, it holds immense significance to delve into, examine, and analyze Pakistan's sports history with a specific focus on the sport of cricket. The argument asserts that cricket has played a crucial role in promoting cohesion and concord, ultimately aiding in the development and fortification of Pakistan's collective national identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes Patrick Imbert's The Summit of the Gods (2021), which functions as a noteworthy example of animated sports film. As a result, the study of this animated film on climbing and of the authorial decisions made by Patrick Imbert and his collaborators is located at the intersection of several fields, which include the history of sport manga, the sociology of extreme sports, the philosophy of self-transcendence, as well as the literary (de)construction of transmedia storytelling. Consequently, the need to employ various sources becomes manifest in order to aptly frame the multiple significations present in both the form and the content of the film: the historical account of George Mallory's and Andrew Irvine's ascent, the playful comparisons between manga and animation, the director's personal commentaries as well as the film's reception and critique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The iteration history curve of optimization algorithms is a saturation-type development curve or sigmoid shape curve. After an overview of several different sigmoid curves, the iteration history curve of the RVA (Random Virus Algorithm) is analysed in order to find its best settings for a given optimization problem. The analysis of the characteristics and numerical parameters of the iteration history curve provides the possibility to discover the speed and efficiency of the algorithm without the necessity to wait throughout the whole running until its final result, which can speed up numerical experiments during the search for the solution to the optimization problem and while 'fine tuning' the algorithm to the given task. Since sigmoid-type curves can be found in many different fields of life (the history of the sport world records, comparison of the achievements of several groups), the results of this analysis can be used in several different domains of life, when the ranking, comparison, evaluation or qualification of several individuals or groups is important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the link between sport and history. It engages the linguistic landscaping and etymological analysis approaches to trace the origins of the names of stadia and their socio-historical significance. In-depth interviews and document analysis are used in the examination of five names of stadia: Somhlolo National Stadium, Mavuso Trade Centre Stadium, King Sobhuza II Memorial Stadium, Prince Wales Stadium, and Simunye Park Stadium. The findings show that the names of these stadia are a heritage, as past history and heroes are commemorated through them. Moreover, these self-given names, most of which are in the Swati indigenous language, make sense in the context of decoloniality theory. These observations have implications for further research as well as for onomastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Article is a contribution to the history of sports law. The Article is the first ever analysis of the arguments made by professional sports leagues and their players and players associations in legal briefs and memoranda filed in the major sports law cases of the 20th century. While there exists considerable literature on the courts' decisions, the opinions in those cases provide a limited picture of the nature and scope of the parties' arguments on novel antitrust and labor issues. By obtaining the memoranda from the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, this Article provides an unprecedented examination of the claims and defenses of the relevant parties, and how those claims and defenses evolved over time. In the earliest cases, Major League Baseball and the National Football League argued that any diminution of the restrictions they had placed on their players would literally lead to the destruction of their leagues and cause grave public harm. When the courts were not persuaded by these "doomsday" arguments, the leagues asserted that the unique nature of the sports industry, in which at least some cooperation among competitors is necessary, required that the restrictions be analyzed under antitrust law's rule of reason rather than be declared per se illegal. Eventually prevailing on that argument, and with the aid of a law student's theorizing, in the 1970s the leagues convinced the courts that the restrictions should be exempt from antitrust scrutiny so long as they were the result of collective bargaining with the players unions. The boundaries of that exemption were not clarified until the Supreme Court addressed the issue in 1996. For better and worse, the leagues and unions have been negotiating and litigating accordingly ever since. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jimmy Dixon was a notable personality in South African boxing in both the middle- and heavyweight division for more than a decade. As a result of his successes in the boxing ring, he was a highly regarded fighter. For lack of opportunity because of his race, Dixon, being of "mixed-race" or Coloured ethnicity, ventured overseas and successfully fought in both Argentina and Brazil for a brief period. Dixon's achievements are largely unknown beyond a brief mention in Chris Greyvenstein's publication, The Fighters, and grouping amongst the "dark pioneers" of South African boxing,. This article attempts to reconstruct Dixon's fighting career in order to place a fuller account of his eventful life in the mainstream of South Africa's sporting and boxing history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic variants are recognized to affect athletic performance, partially by modulating competition-facilitating behavior. In this study, the role of three genetic variants previously linked to athlete status was investigated among elite volleyball players. A total of 228 players (26.7 ± 8.1 years old) participating in the Portuguese championship and with multiple medalists in national and international competitions were evaluated in terms of anthropometrics, training regime, sports experience, and a history of sports lesions. SNP genotyping was conducted by means of TaqMan® Allelic Discrimination Methodology. Volleyball players showed significantly different anthropometric indicators and training habits according to sex (p < 0.05). The A allele of the genetic variant Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) rs324420 (C385A) was shown to be significantly associated with superior athletic achievements under a dominant genetic model (AA/AC vs. CC, odds ratio (OR) = 1.70; 95% Cl, 0.93–3.13; p = 0.026; p < 0.001 after Bootstrap), which was corroborated by a multivariable analysis (AA/AC vs. CC adjusted OR = 2.00; 95% Cl, 1.04–3.82; p = 0.037). Age and hand length were also found to be independently associated with high-level performance (p < 0.05). Our results confirm the role of FAAH in athletic performance. More investigation into this polymorphism's potential impact on stress coping, pain, and inflammation regulation in sport, particularly in the scope of lesions prevention and treatment, is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]