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An enriched environment has been shown to influence brain plasticity and function by involving the action of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF, which is synthesized as a precursor molecule (proBDNF) that undergoes proteolytic cleavage, plays an important role in synaptic plasticity and contributes to several brain functions such as memory, learning, and behavior. The neurotrophins and proneurotrophins often play opposite roles in the brain, suggesting that proteolytic cleavage of proneurotrophins controls the action of neurotrophins. However, few studies have focused on the expression and cleavage of proBDNF after exposure to an enriched environment. Our study aimed to explore the effects of an early-enriched environment on the conversion of proBDNF to BDNF in the adult rats' hippocampus. We found that there was no difference in the expression of proBDNF in the hippocampus between the SE (standard environment) and EE (enriched environment) rats, but a significantly increased BDNF protein level was found in the EE rats. Thus, a remarkably enhanced ratio of BDNF to proBDNF (BDNF/proBDNF) was observed in the EE rats. In addition, the EE resulted in a remarkably up-regulated matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the hippocampus, which played a key role in converting proBDNF to BDNF in the extracellular space. Furthermore, the expression of synapse-related proteins (NR1 and NR2A) was analyzed, and the results indicated that EE could significantly increase the expression of NR1 and NR2A in the hippocampus. In addition, the behavioral results showed that EE reduced anxiety-like behavior in the elevated-plus maze test and reduced immobility time in the forced swimming test. Moreover, the EE resulted in an increased preference for sucrose compared to the SE. These results suggested that the EE up-regulated MMP-9 levels within the hippocampus, which might facilitate the conversion of proBDNF to BDNF, thereby contributing to the long lasting alterations of synaptic plasticity and behavior.

In this paper, we have designed two experiments to investigate the visual comfort of focus pulling for S3D video with different shooting configurations. The variables mainly includes:1) convergence setting ;2) the distance between camera and subjects;3) pulling direction of focus. Evaluation results showed that different convergence settings would affect the visual comfort during focus pulling obviously. With the increasing of convergence distance, the subjects would appear from inside to outside of the screen, and the visual comfort value of focus shifting would decrease. Our research can provide data analysis for improving the visual comfort and shooting technology of S3D videos.

It is well established that arsenic (As) pollution has a severe threat to food security and soil non-target organisms, however, its influences on soil fauna gut microbiota are poorly understood. The gut microbiota of soil fauna play an important role in host health and nutrient cycling. Here, we used dietary exposure to investigate the effects of As on the mortality and gut microbiota of two model soil collembolans (Folsomia candida and Onychiurus yodai) and determine the accumulation of As in collembolan body tissues. The results showed that, although As exposure did not induce the mortality of the two species, dose dependence of As accumulation was indeed detected in their body tissues. Oral As exposure (500 μg g−1 yeast) significantly altered the community structure (P 0.6). Higher As bioaccumulation factor was also found in O. yodai body tissues compared to the F. candida. These results indicate that collembolan gut microbiota present a species-specific response to As and may be a more sensitive indicator than the mortality of collembolan.

This paper constructed a new type of solar photovoltaic and solar heat coupling water source heat pump heating system, the composition of the system structure and operation mode is introduced, with the result of the experiment, parameters were analyzed, and successfully solves the solar panel and battery temperature is high, the problem of low efficiency, the system is a kind of close to zero energy consumption, pollution-free and efficient energy utilization system. Is suitable for the application of the climate condition in qinhuangdao.

Ecohydraulics is an emerging interdisciplinary science and mainstream engineering researching on the interaction relationship between hydrodynamic characteristic and aquatic ecosystem, it integrates biology, geology, hydrology, morphology, ecology, engineering and other disciplines. Based on the collection of literature on ecohydraulics from Web of Science database, the bibliometric analysis on 563 literatures from the year 1991 to 2012 has been conducted, including publication year, author, country, institution, subject, source journal and keyword analysis. Some conclusions have been made that these literatures on ecohydraulics are growing exponentially year by year; these literature involves a lot of authors and forms three research groups which scattered in Britain, the United States and New Zealand, the result clearly shows a positive correlation between the number of published literatures and the length of the research history in this subject; the main institutions of these literature include United States Geological Survey, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Lyon and University of Birmingham; and the subjects of these literature include environmental sciences & ecology, water resources, marine & freshwater biology, engineering and other subjects; more than 40% of the literature published in journals with the impact factors greater than 2.0. The main research contents are as follow: biological characteristics of aquatic organism, the impact of hydrodynamics on river habitats and aquatic organisms and, the feedback of the organism on flow. Theoretical analysis, system testing, statistical analysis and hybrid analog-digital simulation are primary research techniques and applications of the research concentrate on environmental flow requirement, habitat assessment, eco-engineering design and flow field control.

In the present study, Fe-50at%Al/WC intermetallic matrix composite powder was produced through mechanical alloying (MA) followed by annealing treatment. The phase transformations, grain size, microstructure and thermal stability of the composite powder during milling and annealing treatment were studied. The results showed that a bcc Fe(Al) solid solution reinforced with nanoscale WC particles was formed through high-energy ball milling The grain size of Fe(Al) decreased and the lattice strain of Fe(Al) increased with increasing milling time. The as-milled Fe(Al)/WC composite powder had lamellar structure. The oxygen content of Fe(Al)/WC composite powder increased with increasing milling time. The phase transformation from Fe(Al) to Fe-Al intermetallic phases was related to the milling time of composite powder and could occure at temperature of 400°C.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a common pathogen residing in the gastrointestinal tract, has been well characterized in stomach cancer,while its correlation with esophageal cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, we aim to assess the relationship between esophageal intraepithelial H. pylori invasion and inflammation as well as atypical hyperplasia in esophageal squamous epithelial tissues. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissue samples from 196 individuals from both southern and northern esophageal carcinoma high-risk areas in China were examined (125 from northern high-risk areas, 71 from southern high-risk area), while additional 30 samples were collected adjacent to the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (A-ESCC). H. pylori infection was identified by Giemsa staining, immuno-histochemical staining, and H. pylori 16S rRNA-based PCR. A significant increase of H. pylori infection was found in tumor tissues (including ESCC and A-ESCC samples) compared to that of non-tumor tissues (p

In present work, the deposition behaviors of individual bimodal WC-12Co particles impacting on stainless steel and WC-12Co substrates were investigated. The microstructure and properties of the cold-sprayed WC-12Co coating were characterized. The results showed that the WC-12Co particles partially penetrated into the stainless steel substrate. Flattening of the particles occurred with splashes at its periphery when impacting on the WC-12Co substrate. A movement of small WC particles accompanied with a plastic flow of the Co binder occurred during the impacting and flattening process of the powders. The sprayed coating exhibited a characteristic microstructure with a wide range of WC particle sizes varying from less than 100 nm up to a micron scale. The obtained multimodal coating exhibited both a high hardness and high fracture toughness, e.g. the microhardness is similar to that of a cold sprayed nano WC-12Co coating and the fracture toughness is comparable to that of a bulk material of micro WC-12Co. The cold sprayed coating exhibited a greatly enhanced wear resistance in comparison to the conventional high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) sprayed WC-12Co coating.

Aim at the phenomenon of sidestep subsidence on surface by mining on the condition of thick unconsolidated layers and thin stratum,article bases on the theory analysis and calculation, and uses determining key strata and key strata flexibility calculation, and expatiates the characters of η, and makes it divide into subsection function. Contrast with project example and simulation test, it shows:if subsection function η is applied, then using it to forecast the quantity of surface subsidence that will be more approach to fact, which can syllabify explain phenomenon of sidestep subsidence on surface, and has definite meaning to coach locale.

Due to introduction of new vehicle models, an automobile manufacturing enterprise usually needs to make corresponding adjustments of the facility layout of the door welding workshop. On the basis of analyzing the production process and logistics characteristics of the welding line, the facility layout of the workshop is improved and the production logistics cost is reduced by using the SLP (Systematic Layout Planning) and internal logistics analysis method. Finally, a real production example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Source water polluted by algae, ammonium and organic matter has been studied for many years. Sudden pollution incidents of source water have been reported across the whole country. Seasonal variability of rainfall across China has resulted in floods or droughts, thus incurred the high concentration of algae, ammonium and organic matter, causing severe challenges to the conventional water purification facilities. However, the conventional water treatment process is often unavailable to keep the safety of source water for drinking when sudden pollution occurs. Meanwhile, byproducts are often to be found over the whole treatment process, it is high time that researchers took effective measures to deal with this problem. In the present work, an overview of the recent research dealing with source water suddenly polluted by algae, ammonium and organic matter is presented.

A FeAl/WC nanocomposite coating was produced by cold spraying of mechanically alloyed Fe/Al/WC composite powder assisted with annealing treatment. The microstructure and grain size of FeAl/WC nanocomposite coating before and after annealing treatment were characterized. The results indicated that as-sprayed Fe (Al)/WC nanocomposite coating presented a dense microstructure with lamellar structure. The phase transformation from Fe (Al) solid solution to FeAl intermetallics within as-sprayed nanocomposite coating occurred when annealed at 550°C for 25 h. The annealed nanocomposite coating was composed of nanograins of size ranging from 50-100 nm and the grain size of FeAl increased with increasing the annealing time. Moreover, the effect of annealing temperature on the microstructure of the FeAl/WC nanocomposite coating was investigated.

Nowadays, the hard correction is a familiar method for image seam-line removing. But the method needs accurate gray difference around the seam-line which is difficult to achieve occasionally. To overcome such drawbacks, a novel seam-line removing method was proposed in the paper. First, optimal texture matching blocks beside the seam-line are searched, and the average gray level of the two blocks can be obtained. Then, the average gray level of the two blocks is adjusted to estimate the gray level of the same target in different illumination environment. Finally, the illumination is corrected based on the average gray level to remove the seam-line. The theoretical analysis and experiment results show that the proposed method is more effectual then traditional methods.

Coke oven gas (COG) injection is considered as one of feasible measures to reduce carbon emission of BF. The effects of COG injection on the reduction of iron-bearing burdens were numerically simulated by means of multi-fluid BF model , which revealed that with increasing COG injection rate, solid temperature gradually decrease, in-furnace H2 concentration increases, the reduction of magnetite and wustite by H2 is evidently accelerated, the reaction rate of wustite by H2 reduction is enhanced and the reduction degree of mixed burdens is strengthened. Under this hydrogen-enriched condition, metallurgical properties of iron-bearing burdens were experimentally investigated. The GB/T13242-91 test results showed that with increasing COG injection rate, the reduction swelling index of oxidized pellets decreases while the reduction ratio of pellets increases. The softening-melting tests suggested that softening interval of mixed burdens increases from 163.6 to 228.3 °C while melting interval decreases from 147.3 to 92.4 °C. The cohesive zone moves downwards and becomes narrow. The permeability of mixed burdens is improved. In terms of metallurgical properties of iron-bearing burdens, COG injection benefits to improve BF performance.

LCA method was used to model the life cycle of cement manufacturing with multi-stage combustion and low-NOx Burner technology applied as its low-NOx system. The life cycle is from the coal and raw materials transportation, through the coal and raw meal grinding, to the clinker incineration, and finally the flue gas including NOx to the air atmosphere. The functional unit is 1 tonne clinker. Data for cement produced in MSC and LNB technology is analyzed. The data is collected from the real clinker production situation and the measurement is taken in 12 hours continuously.

The traditional method of solving double integral by Monte Carlo method is limited with the integral area, it can only be solved the double integral on the rectangular area. To address this limitation, based on the average method of Monte Carlo method,which puts forward that the uniform distribution should be combined with area of the integral region to improve algorithm, the special rectangle integral region is extended to the general integral region.In this way the simulation accuracy and computational efficiency is improved. Practical example shows that improved algorithm simplifies the calculation process, effectively reduces the computational difficulty, Improves the simulation accuracy and computational efficiency.The procedure is simple and easy to debug. The double integral calculation method is simple and effective, so this improved algorithm is more practical.

With the development of materials industry, the problem of water pollution is increasingly serious, and therefore it is important to establish an appropriate characterization model of heavy metals in water in China. This paper provides the human toxicity potential factors of several heavy metals, including Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb and As. The result showed that Chinas HTP factors are partial greater than Europe factors, caused by the different industrial situation and the ratio of total human intake to total emissions.

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is an oligomer, in which the phosphate backbone has been replaced by a pseudopeptide backbone that is meant to mimic DNA. Peptide nucleic acids are of the utmost importance in the biomedical field because of their ability to hybridize with neutral nucleic acids and their special chemical and biological properties. In recent years, PNAs have emerged in nanobiotechnology for cancer diagnosis and therapy due to their high affinity and sequence selectivity toward corresponding DNA and RNA. In this review, we summarize the recent progresses that have been made in cancer detection and therapy with PNA biotechnology. In addition, we emphasize nanoparticle PNA-based strategies for the efficient delivery of drugs in anticancer therapies.

The association of anesthetic exposure in infants or young children with the long-term impairment of neurologic functions has been reported previously; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In order to identify dysregulated gene expression underlying long-term cognitive impairment caused by sevoflurane exposure at the postnatal stage, the present study initially performed behavioral tests on adult Wistar rats, which received 3% sevoflurane at postnatal day 7 (P7) for different time course. Subsequently, transcriptome profiling of hippocampal tissues from experimental and control rats was performed. Significant impairment of the working memory was observed in adult rats with sevoflurane exposure for 4-6 h, when compared with the control rats. The results indicated that a total of 264 genes were aberrantly expressed (51 downregulated and 213 upregulated; fold change >2.0; P

Objective: To investigate the protective effects of parecoxib from oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in rat astrocytes in vitro. Methods: All experiments included 4 groups: (1) negative control (NC) group, without any treatment; (2) H2O2 treatment group, 100 μmol/L H2O2 treatment for 24 h; (3) and (4) parecoxib pretreatment groups, 80 and 160 μmol/L parecoxib treatment for 24 h, respectively, and then treated with 100 μmol/L H2O2. Several indices were investigated, and the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were quantified. Results: Compared to the NC group, exposure to H2O2 resulted in significant morphological changes, which could be reversed by pretreatment of parecoxib. In addition, H2O2 treatment led to loss of viability (P=0.026) and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (P

Keloid, a skin benign tumor, is characterized by overgrowth of fibroblasts and the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in wounded skin. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist was recently evaluated to inhibit fibrosis. This study explored the underlying mechanisms. Fibroblasts isolated from 25 keloid patients (KFs) and fibroblasts isolated from healthy controls (NSFBs) were also subjected to treatment with PPAR-γ agonist troglitazone and antagonist GW9662 or for transfection with miR-92 mimics or inhibitor, Axl siRNA, and miR-92b or Axl promoter constructs, as well as being subjected to qRT-PCR, ELISA, Western blot, protein array, luciferase, and ChIP assays. The data demonstrated that TGF-β1 and Axl proteins were significantly elevated in samples from keloid patients, while troglitazone treatment significantly reduced levels of TGF-β1 and Axl mRNA and proteins in KFs. Moreover, knockdown of Axl expression reduced expression of TGF-β1 and its pathway genes (such as α-SMA and Snail). PPAR-γ regulation of Axl expression was through transcriptional activation of miR-92b. miR-92b expression downregulated Axl expression at both mRNA and protein levels, whereas GW9662 completely reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-92b mimics on Axl expression. Gene ontology analysis of miR-92b targeting genes showed that TGF-β and Axl were both potential targets of miR-92b, as confirmed by luciferase assay. These findings demonstrated that PPAR-γ-induced miR-92b expression inhibited Axl expression and in turn reduced expression of TGF-β1 and the downstream genes in KFs, suggesting that targeting of this novel gene pathway may be useful for therapeutic control of fibrosis or keloid.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy resulted from genetic mutations in the process of B lymphocyte differentiating into plasma cells, the chemotherapy is the main treatment method, especially with the development of proteasome inhibitors and other drugs, the overall survival rate of MM patients has improved greatly, but the chemoresistance is still an important reason for treatment failure. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T lymphocyte therapy is a new method for tumor adoptive immunotherapy. By means of genetic modification, T cells are able to identify the target antigen specifically, and to kill target cells without major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction, therefore the specific killing activity is conspicuous, which has got considerable attention by the public, and has made remarkable achievements particularly in the treatment of B-lineage leukemia and lymphoma, but no systematic literatures were reported in the field of multiple myeloma using CAR therapy. Therefore, this review summarizes the research results of different CAR target in vivo and in vitro experiments for multiple myeloma.

Both European Group for blood and marrow transplantation risk score (EBMT score modified model) and hematopoietic cell transplantation comorbidity index (HCT-CI) are suitable for evaluating patients undergoing unmanipulated haploidentical blood and marrow transplantation (HBMT), while the predictive capacity of the combined model following haploidentical transplantation is still unknown. In this study, we calculated and validated 322 consecutive unmanipulated HBMT patients. Patients in groups with HCT-CI scores of 0 or 1-2 exhibited similar overall survival (OS), non-relapse mortality (NRM), and relapse rates, independent of their EBMT score modified model. In the group in which patients' HCT-CI scores were ≥3, patients with high EBMT score modified model showed lower OS (p = 0.003) and higher NRM (p = 0.001) than did patients with low EBMT score. In conclusion, this combined model can be used to predict outcomes and may improve the stratification of high-risk patients following unmanipulated HBMT.

A new 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) mediated synthesis of malonates from 3-halopropynoates, alcohols, and water is presented. This method proceeds under mild and metal-free conditions, and represents a new straightforward access to 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.

To solve the problem of stray interference to star point target identification while a star sensor imaging to the sky, a study on space luminous environment adaptability of missile-borne star sensor was carried out. By Plank blackbody radiation law and some astronomic knowledge, irradiancies of the stray at the star sensor working height were estimated. By relative astrophysical and mathematics knowledge, included angles between the star sensor optical axis point and the stray at any moment were calculated. The calculation correctness was verified with the star map software of Stellarium. By combining the upper analysis with the baffle suppression effect, a real-time model for space luminous environment of missile-borne star sensor was proposed. By signal-noise rate (SNR) criterion, the adaptability of missile-borne star sensor to space luminous environment was studied. As an example, a certain type of star sensor was considered when imaging to the starry sky on June 22, 2011 (the Summer Solstice) and September 20, 2011 (August 23 of the lunar year, last quarter moon) in Beijing. The space luminous environment and the adaptability to it were simulated and analyzed at the star sensor working height. In each period of time, the stray suppression of the baffle is analyzed by comparing the calculated included angle between the star sensor optical axis point and the stray with the shielded provided by system index. When the included angle is larger than the shielded angle and less than 90°, the stray is restrained by the baffle. The stray effect on star point target identification is analyzed by comparing the irradiancy of 6 magnitude star with that of the stray on star sensor sensitization surface. When the irradiancy of 6 magnitude star is 5 times more than that of the stray, there is no effect on the star point target identification. The simulation results are identical with the actual situation. The space luminous environment of the missile-borne star sensor can be estimated real-timely by this model. The adaptability of the star sensor to space luminous environment can be analyzed conveniently. A basis for determining the relative star sensor indexes, the navigation star chosen strategy and the missile launch window can be provided.

SWDC aerial camera series，developed and produced independently by our country, uses the automatic exposure to replace artificial manual exposure and the high precision fixed-point exposure to replace time exposure. So that we need our own design of perturbation site and the data interface which is suitable for the operating system of automatic exposure. What we should do is to research the things routes, north-south routes as well as inclined routes, and come up with computer algorithm after ascertaining the parameters of the aerial camera, measured area and plotting scale. In order to examine the perturbation sites, we have designed the algorithm and made it accessible.

The reinforced mechanism with polypropylene fiber reinforced EPS concrete was researched, based on mechanical experiments and photograph analysis of the Scanning Electron Microscopy with HITACHIS-3400N. Polypropylene fiber with 15-mm length and six volume fractions of 0%, 0.10%, 0.14%, 0.18%, 0.2% and 0.25% were used, and consequently, the resultant effects on the mechanical behavior of these concretes were analysed. The results demonstrate that compressive strength of EPS concretes increase with the rise of the percentage of the fiber volume. It is shown that using 0.15~0.2% polypropylene fiber in cement mixture greatly increases compressive strength. Scanning electron microscope images show that the reason for this improvement is that polypropylene fiber can increase bonding strength at the matrix–inclusion interface.

We have previously shown that a Calixarene derivative was an excellent agent for protein immobilization on a solid phase. We further characterized the recognition mechanism between the ‘host’ Calixarene derivative and ‘guest’ molecules in this study. The rate of complex formation of Calixcrown with amino acids informed that Calixcrown had the strongest interaction with Arg among the tested amino acids. In order to confirm that Arg is an effective residue in immobilization of protein on Calixcrown-coated glass, several human recombinant superoxide dismutase tagged with different numbers of Arg or Lys were generated. The recombinant protein tagged with longer Arg was immobilized better than the ones tagged with shorter Arg or Lys. We also tested if Calixcrown can immobilize oligoDNA as efficiently as it does protein. Calixcrown most strongly captured homo-dGTP oligoDNA among the four homo-oligoDNAs. When Calixcrown chip was applied to detect single nucleotide polymorphism, it differentiated one base pair mismatch of the double helix oligoDNA. Thus, Calixarene derivative linker molecule can be used as an efficient immobilization agent for both protein and oligoDNA with the right orientation on a solid phase.

A Fe/Al composite coating was prepared by cold spraying using an iron-aluminium powder mixture with a Fe/Al atomic ratio of 1:1. The effect of annealing temperature on the intermetallic compound formation in the cold-sprayed Fe/Al coating was investigated. The as-sprayed and annealed coatings were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy. Results showed that intensive particle deformation on impact promoted the Fe2Al5 intermetallic compound formation at a low annealing temperature of 450 °C and this intermetallic layer firstly appeared along some intimate contact regions at the aluminium-iron boundaries. The amount of the Fe2Al5 intermetallic compound increased and no other intermetallic compound phases appeared when the annealing temperature was raised from 450 to 600 °C. Some cracks developed in the Fe2Al5 intermetallic layer when the coating was annealed at 600 °C and the possible causes leading to evolution of cracks are discussed.

This paper introduces a kind of grade detection system of underground iron ore. The system uses the technology of multi-threaded parallel processing of sensor to measure the volume and weight of the ore. Based on a certain mathematical model of grade analysis we have built, the average grade of the ore can be calculated. The trial run of the system indicates that the data of ore’s weight, volume and grade can be stored and counted automatically. What’s more, the system achieves non-stop measurement of ore’s grade.

New thiol modified mesoporous adsorbent with different pore sizes was synthesized by hydrothermal, with triblock copolymers pluronic (F127) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMABr) functioned as the mixing template, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) functioned as pore-expanding agent. Adsorption performance of different pore sized mesoporous adsorbents was studied by treatment of Heavy metal Cu2+. Results showed that the optimum dosage was molar ratio of 1.5 between TMB and surfactant, and under that condition, the BET pore size was 6.554 nm and BET pore volume was 0.6134cm3/g. The adsorption of Cu2+ on mesoporous adsorbents fitted well to Redlich-Peterson isotherm equation, which indicated chemisorption was dominant in the process of heavy metal adsorption on the mesoporous adsorption and monomolecular layer adsorption took advantage. According to Langmuir equation, QL was 0.6210 mmol/g, and that demonstrated pore-expanding treatment could not only enlarge pore volume and diameter, but also effectively increase the contact area with heavy metals. Pore-expanded functionalized mesoporous silica could act as the optimal adsorbents for heavy metal adsorption.

Reducing the adverse impacts to environment is a more and more important subject in electrolytic manganese industry. Life cycle assessment (LCA) has been a hot tool to measure the type and size of environmental impact. This paper firstly applied LCA on two different processes of producing electrolytic manganese. One process is the resourceful utilization system of high sulfur coal and low grade pyrolusite (the novel process for short)in which high sulfur coal is burned to generate power and emission SO2, then the SO2 is absorbed as reducing agent to leach the pyrolusite with 30% MnO2 grade. The other process is prevalent interiorly, called traditional process where the power is supplied by standard coal combustion, and sulfur acid leaches the manganese ore with 18% Mn grade. Life cycle software converts the original data to nine different kinds of indexes that are able to indicate types and sizes of environmental impacts. Results show that: among nine environmental impacts, the proportion of abiotic depletion potential (ADP) is biggest in both processes, but the value of the novel process is 23.25% smaller pointing the process saves more resource. All the values of other important impacts including GWP, Waste Solids, AP and RI of the novel process are less than those in traditional process. Especially, the value of acidification (AP) in novel process was -2.10×10-8 < 0, which means the novel process could control the acidification. In addition, through the composite index, using high sulfur coal in the novel process hasn’t bring any more serious impact than using standard coal. Therefore, LCA has provided rational evidence to prove that resourceful utilization system of high sulfur coal and low grade pyrolusite is more efficient and environmentally friendly and pointed which environmental impacts and life cycle links need improving . This paper could provide a reference for further environmental impact assessment of electrolytic manganese industry and an objective basis for decision-making.

Molded pulp material has been paid much attention for the cushioning package, yet there is no perfect method for evaluate the cushioning properties of different molded pulp configurations, which hampers the advance of molded pulp industry. In this paper an Equivalent Area Theory are put forward in order to study the cushioning properties of this material and the molded pulp pallet is taken as practical example. By experimental and theoretical analyses, the cushion coefficient and maximum stress curve of the molded pulp pallet is obtained, and a design method of molded pulp pallet is established.

The finite models of U-steel support, grid steel frame, hollow steel tube support and concrete filled steel tube support were established, of which mechanical property and influencing factor such as bearing capacity, support effect etc. was analyzed. Comparative analysis of economic benefit was carried out through research of material dosage and support effect index. The contractible joint for concrete filled steel tube was designed, and their mechanical characteristic was analyzed through test. The results show that the supporting performance of concrete filled steel tube support is related to confinement coefficient. Compared with traditional support, the concrete filled steel tube support has high bearing capacity, intensive later strength, good ductility, various standards and well economic benefits, and in conjunction with contractible joint, it is able to implement functions of quantitatively increasing resistance and yielding. Properly designed through optimization analysis on associated effects, the concrete filled steel tube support can meet supporting demand of deep soft rock and joint broken rock.

FeAl intermetallic coatings were prepared by cold spraying of mechanically alloyed metastable Fe(Al) powder assisted with post-spray annealing treatment. The microstructure evolution and erosion performance of the coatings annealed at different temperatures were investigated and the erosion mechanism of the intermetallic coatings was examined through the surface morphology and cross-sectional microstructure of the eroded coatings. After annealing at 650 °C, the heterogeneous feature in the as-sprayed coating was evidently modified. With annealing temperature rising to 950 °C and 1100 °C, the interfaces between the particles in the coating completely disappeared. The erosion rate of the coating at the erosion angles of both 30o and 90o decreased with the increase in the annealing temperature. It was found that the erosion resistance of the intermetallic coating annealed at 1100 °C was three times higher than that of the as-sprayed coating. The weight loss of the as-sprayed coating with low cohesion at erosion angle of 90° was attributed to particle spalling off. The weight loss of the annealed intermetallic coatings with enhanced cohesion was attributed to microcutting and ploughing of erosive particles.

In this study, the influence of particle type and substrate hardness on the deposition behavior of single WC-17Co particle during the cold spraying process was investigated. The morphology of the deposited particles was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) from the particle surface and cross-sections. It was found that with increasing substrate hardness, the deposition behavior of WC-17Co particles transformed from completely embedding into soft substrate to partially flattening and even rebounding from the hard substrate. In the comparison between different powder types, spherical nanostructured WC-17Co particles experienced the more intensive deformation due to the smaller WC size.

The paper gives the hybrid computational intelligence learning algorithm with global convergence, which is combined by BP algorithm and genetic algorithm. This algorithm connects the strengths of the BP algorithm and genetic algorithms. It not only has faster convergence, but also has a good global convergence property. The computer simulation results show that the hybrid algorithm is significantly better than the genetic algorithm and BP algorithm.

The urban value is the sum total of the entire human labor which is formed by the accumulating investment as well as the construction activities in the urban city. The urban value is one of the most significant elements in the composition of the real estate value. Urban value determines the value of real estate. Similarity, the value of real estate also has effects on urban value. In accordance with the empirical research, it indicates that the general complexity and dynamics of urban value conform to the using space of Grey Correlative Analysis. To make the analysis of urban value based on Grey Correlative Analysis can explain the differences of the real development trend between each city. According to Grey Correlative Analysis, the main factors that affect urban value are urban economy value, urban position value and urban resources value in turn. Effects on urban value of urban infrastructure and urban scope value are weak. Research for urban value based on the Grey Correlative Analysis provides the more rational and logical decision-making platform to the most acceptable subsystem in the urban economic activities objectively--the activities for the investment and construction of the urban real estate.

The influence of water binder ratio, content of borax and fly ash on the fluidity and strength of phosphate concrete were investigated. Results showed that the slump and slump flow of phosphate concrete improved with content of water and borax increasing. But the strength decreased, especially early strength. While the mixing amount of borax was less than 1.5% of the magnesium phosphate cement, the influence on later strength was relatively less. The fluidity decreased significantly and the cohesiveness and water retention improved while the content of fly ash was between 10% and 30%.The compressive strength increased while the content of fly ash was 10%.The better curing methods was curing in the natural conditions, the compressive increased with the age prolonged.

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) made from bagasse pulp was treated by low-temperature plasma, then reacted grafting polymerization with acrylic acid (AA) to produce super absorbent polymer. The effects of discharge power, plasma treatment time, initiator dosage, acrylic acid dosage, vacuum degree and neutralization ratio on water absorbency and grafting reaction time of the products were studied by single factor experiments. The best process parameters: discharge power = 250 W; plasma treatment time = 90s; m (K2S2O8) : m (CMC) (W/W) = 7:20; m (AA) : m (CMC) (W/W) = (1:9) ~ (1:8); vacuum degree = 300 Pa; neutralization degree = 40%, in which the distilled water absorbency of the product reached its maximum of 509 g/g and the grafting reaction time approached its minimum of 2min. This process has the advantages of simple operation, easy control, high grafting efficiency, short production cycle, low cost and so on, which meet the industrial production requirements of super absorbent polymer.

In the present study, Cr3C2-NiCr coatings have been deposited using high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) system from two commercially available powders with different NiCr contents (25 and 40 wt.%) and manufactured by different process (the blended and agglomerated-sintered). Coating microstructures were studied by scan electron microscopy (SEM). Hardness, erosive wear performance of the two coatings was measurement. The influence of powder characteristics on the microstructure and erosive performance of Cr3C2-NiCr coatings was investigated. The erosion mechanism of Cr3C2-NiCr coatings was examined through the surface morphology of the eroded coatings. The results indicated that Cr3C2-NiCr coating hardness decreased from 822 to 702 Hv with increasing NiCr content from 25 wt.% to 40 wt.%, however, Cr3C2-40NiCr coating exhibits better erosive wear resistance in comparison to Cr3C2-25NiCr coating.

Thermally sprayed carbide-based cermet coatings are being widely used for a variety of wear resistance applications. These coatings deposited by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) technique are known to provide improved wear performance. In the present study, WC-12Co and Cr3C2-25NiCr carbide-based cermet coatings are deposited by HVOF. The microstructure and abrasion wear resistance of these coatings are compared. The correlation between coating microstructure and the coating wear behavior was investigated. The results indicated that WC-12Co coating has higher microhardness and better abrasive wear resistance in comparison to Cr3C2-25NiCr coating. The two HVOF sprayed carbide-based coatings have different abrasive wear behaviour.

In this paper the nanostructured and conventional WC-12Co feedstock powders were thermally sprayed via high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) on the mild steel substrate. The influence of the feedstock powder type on the microstructure of coatings and abrasive wear resistance properties was studied. The correlation between the coating microstructure and the wear performance was investigated by analyzing the microstructure and worn surface morphology of the coatings. The results indicated that the nanostructured coating shows higher porosity, but slightly higher microhardness and better abrasive wear resistance than the conventional counterpart. Also, the two coatings have excellent abrasive wear resistance with respect to the substrate.

The Magnesium phosphate cement was prepared from MgO and NH4H2PO4. The changes of the strength, appearance and hydration products of the magnesium phosphate cement were investigated, which are soaked in sulfuric acid solution, sodium hydroxide solution, sodium sulfate solution and magnesium sulfate solution. Besides, the impermeability and salt frost resistance of magnesium phosphate cement were analyzed. The results show that magnesium phosphate cement has good resistance to sulfate erosion, especially the anti-corrosion ability of magnesium sulfate. However the alkali resistance of the magnesium phosphate cement is poor. Therefore, the magnesium phosphate cements are not appropriate to be used in alkaline environment as cementitious material. The resistance of the magnesium phosphate cement to chemical attack is closely related to the stability of the hydration product MgNH4PO4• 6H2O. The magnesium phosphate cements have good impermeability and salt freezing resistance.

A new parallel cascade control program of multiple degrees of freedom is proposed for chemical and industrial cascade processes. Firstly, the two degree of freedom IMC structure is adopted in the secondary control loop, and the set-point tracking and disturbance rejection are decoupled, therefore, the influence on performance of primary loop because of the coupling between the set-point tracking and disturbance rejection in the secondary loop is reduced. Then, based on a modified structure of the Smith predictor control, the primary loop realizes the decoupling control between set-point tracking and disturbance rejection, and simple and effective analytical method is adopted to devise the controllers. Finally, simulations example demonstrates the validity of the proposed control scheme.

To prepare the concrete of high strength and high fluidity, some important factors were investigated, namely species of phosphate, the ratio of phosphate and magnesia, the surface area of phosphate cement, fineness of sand, particle size distribution of coarse aggregate and the ratio of phosphate cement and aggregate. Results showed that the fluidity and strength of phosphate concrete prepared by KH2PO4were lower than that prepared by NH4H2PO4and decreased as the ratio of P/M reduced. The surface area of phosphate cement increased from 210m2/kg to 400m2/kg, the fluidity and strength firstly increased, and then decreased. The fluidity and strength of phosphate prepared by medium sands were lower than that prepared by fine sands or super-fine sands. Fast harden and early strength phosphate concrete of high fluidity can be prepared by three kinds of coarse aggregate, namely 5～10mm, 5～20mm and 5～25mm. Besides the ratio of cement and aggregate had a significant effect on the fluidity and strength, and the best ratio fell between 1:1 and 1:2.

In this paper, the strength characteristics of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) under the sub-zero temperature environment had been researched, the main factors of the strength development had been analyzed. The results show that: the MPC has high early strength under the sub-zero temperature environment, but the compressive strength dropped as the temperature decreased. The way of pre-curing the MPC for 30min at 20 could improve the strength of the MPC significantly. The strength of the MPC is influenced greatly by water-cement ratio under the sub-zero temperature environment, and the amount of the mixing water should be controlled strictly.

By means of the structural function analysis, we have studied the variability of the classical blazars 3C273 and 3C345 at 22 GHz & 37 GHz and in an optical waveband. Our results show that the periodicity of 3C273 is rather evident: at 22 GHz, the periods of 7.0 and 14.7 years exist; at 37 GHz, the periods of 7.2 and 14.5 years exist; and in the optical waveband, the periods of 0.7 and 8.7 years probably exist. 3C345 has a rather evident period of 8.8 years at 37 GHz, and the not very evident periods of 9.3 and 10.2 years at 22 GHz and in the optical waveband, respectively.

FeAl intermetallic compound coating was prepared by cold spraying using a mechanically alloyed Fe(Al) alloy powder followed by post-spray annealing at 950 °C. The high-temperature abrasive wear test was carried out for the FeAl coating at a temperature range from room temperature to 800 °C. The high-temperature abrasive wear of a heat-resistant stainless steel 2520 was performed for comparison. It was observed that the abrasive wear weight loss of FeAl coating was proportional to wear cycles in terms of sample revolutions at the tested temperatures. It was found that with the increase of the test temperature higher than 400 °C, the wear rate of cold-sprayed FeAl coating decreased with the increase of test temperature, while the wear rate of the heat-resistant steel increased significantly. The results indicate that the high-temperature abrasive wear resistance of the cold-sprayed FeAl intermetallic coating increased with the increase of the wear temperature in a temperature range from 400 to 800 °C. The wear resistance of cold-sprayed FeAl coating was higher than that of heat-resistant 2520 stainless steel under 800 °C by a factor of 3.