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Magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant K2 is found to produce significant effects on the magnetization and magnetostriction behaviors of Terfenol-D crystals through magnetic domain rotation mechanism. Such effects have often been neglected in previous studies. Considering different values of K2 in the magnetization rotation of <111> easy-direction domains under external magnetic field and compressive uniaxial stress applied along [112] direction, it is shown that a change in K2 causes significant changes in both magnetization and magnetostriction curves. Therefore, K2 is an important parameter that must be considered in magnetoelastic behaviors of Terfenol-D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum batteries employing organic electrode materials present an appealing avenue for sustainable and large‐scale energy storage. Nevertheless, conventional organic materials encounter limitations due to their restricted active sites, known instability, and sluggish redox kinetics. In this study, a redox‐active covalent organic framework supported by CNT is reported, enriched with substantial C═O groups, as an advanced cathode material for Al‐organic batteries. Theoretical simulation and ex situ analysis unveil the pivotal roles of C═O groups in effectively storing AlCl2+. As a result, Al batteries with the organic cathode exhibit a specific capacity of 290 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and outstanding rate performance. Furthermore, it retains a reversible capacity of 170 mAh g−1 even after 32 000 cycles at 10 A g−1 and attains an energy density of 389 Wh kg−1. The remarkable performance stems not only from the abundant C═O and C─N groups enabling the storage of multiple AlCl2+ by the favorable pseudocapacitive process, but also from the synergistic interplay between the robust COF network and the conductive CNT channels that significantly enhances structural stability and accelerates ion/electron diffusion. This work stands to inspire further research in the pursuit of stable organic cathodes, fostering designs with plentiful accessible redox‐active sites to boost energy storage capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prussian blue and its analogues are regarded as promising cathodes for sodium ion batteries. However, the structural stability and interfacial compatibility of Prussian blue cathode are major issues for achieving superior performance. Sodium copper hexacyanoferrate is synthesized by an ion-exchange method, with large specific surface area and hierarchical core-shell structure. When used as cathode for half-cell, the material delivers an initial capacity of ~90 mAh g−1 and maintain more than 81% capacity retention after 1000 cycles. Even at a high rate of 20C, an impressive capacity of ~50 mAh g−1 is retained. Especially, a full-cell assembled by sodium copper hexacyanoferrate cathode and NaTi 2 (PO4) 3 @C anode shows a high capacity of more than 80 mA h g−1 for 400 cycles. A series of electrochemical techniques and in situ tests are carries out to confirm the advantages of stable structure and high conductivity after dopping copper ions. Furthermore, the low adsorption energy of Na+ on cathode surfaces is revealed by the first principle calculation. Image 1 • Cu2+ were successfully introduced into the high-quality Prussian blue precursor. • The Ex-PBCF shows rough and ridged surfaces. • The Ex-PBCF can maintain more than 81% capacity retention after 1000 cycles. • The conductivity of Ex-PBCF is significantly enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, two strategies are simultaneously used to synthesize the hollow carbon‐coated nanoparticles of NaTi1.9Sn0.1(PO4)3@C (NTSP@C). The porous morphology of NTST@C is controlled through a trace amount of tin doping while selecting a fire‐new carbon source. The NTSP@C materials present a nanosized structure with a hollow morphology, exhibiting a large specific surface area of ≈71.0 m2 g−1 and a average bore diameter of ≈26.4 nm. Moreover, the carbon layer is ≈5 nm thick with a mass ratio of 6.81%. The NTSP@C sample displays an ultrastrong rate capability (128.8 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C and 101.5 mA h g−1 at 10 C at 1.5–3.0 V) and a superior cycling performance (126.3–115.8 mA h g−1 after 300 cycles at 1 C for a retention ratio of 91.7% and 101.4–87.1 mA h g−1 after 2000 cycles at 10 C for a retention ratio of 85.9%). These excellent electrochemical performances are due to the nanosized structure, unique morphology, and thin carbon layer as a conductive medium. It is clear that the NTSP@C material is a promising anode material that can be incorporated into sodium‐ion batteries to achieve superior electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: The amphipathic phenylalanine-adsorbed layer contributes to form a nucleophilic–hydrophobic interface that homogenizes Zn2+ flux while repelling H2O molecules from contacting Zn anode. The preferential reduction of phenylalanine (Phe) prior to H2O facilitates in situ formation of an organic–inorganic hybrid solid electrolyte interphase, enhancing the interfacial stability. Benefiting from the triple protection of Phe, the Zn||Zn and Zn||LMO cells display significantly improved electrochemical performances, even at extreme diluted electrolytes. Aqueous Zn2+-ion batteries (AZIBs), recognized for their high security, reliability, and cost efficiency, have garnered considerable attention. However, the prevalent issues of dendrite growth and parasitic reactions at the Zn electrode interface significantly impede their practical application. In this study, we introduced a ubiquitous biomolecule of phenylalanine (Phe) into the electrolyte as a multifunctional additive to improve the reversibility of the Zn anode. Leveraging its exceptional nucleophilic characteristics, Phe molecules tend to coordinate with Zn2+ ions for optimizing the solvation environment. Simultaneously, the distinctive lipophilicity of aromatic amino acids empowers Phe with a higher adsorption energy, enabling the construction of a multifunctional protective interphase. The hydrophobic benzene ring ligands act as cleaners for repelling H2O molecules, while the hydrophilic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups attract Zn2+ ions for homogenizing Zn2+ flux. Moreover, the preferential reduction of Phe molecules prior to H2O facilitates the in situ formation of an organic–inorganic hybrid solid electrolyte interphase, enhancing the interfacial stability of the Zn anode. Consequently, Zn||Zn cells display improved reversibility, achieving an extended cycle life of 5250 h. Additionally, Zn||LMO full cells exhibit enhanced cyclability of retaining 77.3% capacity after 300 cycles, demonstrating substantial potential in advancing the commercialization of AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Zn//V2O5 system not only faces the incontrollable growth of zinc (Zn) dendrites, but also withstands the cross‐talk effect of by‐products produced from the cathode side to the Zn anode, inducing interelectrode talk and aggravating battery failure. To tackle these issues, we construct a rapid Zn2+‐conducting hydrogel electrolyte (R‐ZSO) to achieve Zn deposition modulation and side reaction inhibition in Zn//V2O5 full cells. The polymer matrix and BN exhibit a robust anchoring effect on SO42−, accelerating Zn2+ migration and enabling dense Zn deposition behavior. Therefore, the Zn//Zn symmetric cells based on the R‐ZSO electrolyte can operate stably for more than 1500 h, which is six times higher than that of cells employing the blank electrolyte. More importantly, the R‐ZSO hydrogel electrolyte effectively decouples the cross‐talk effects, thus breaking the infinite loop of side reactions. As a result, the Zn//V2O5 cells using this modified hydrogel electrolyte demonstrate stable operation over 1,000 cycles, with a capacity loss rate of only 0.028 % per cycle. Our study provides a promising gel chemistry, which offers a valuable guide for the construction of high‐performance and multifunctional aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections have become a global health threat. Controlling CRE transmission in hospitals is increasingly dependent on the use of disinfectants to restrict the risk of infection. Here, the susceptibility of patient-derived carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and Escherichia coli (CREC) strains against three common disinfectants and the determinants of resistance to disinfectants were investigated.Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of three common chemical disinfectants: chlorhexidine, trichloroisocyanuric (TCCA) acid and Povidone iodine (PVP-I) against 50 CRE strains were measured. The drug-resistance genes -qacEΔ1, qacA/B and cepA-were determined using polymerase chain reaction.Results: A total of 36 CRKP and 14 CREC strains were collected in our hospital from 2016 to 2018. The MIC ranges of 36 CRKP strains against chlorhexidine, TCCA and PVP-I were 8~512 mg/L, 64~128 mg/L and 8~128 mg/L, respectively. For 14 CREC strains, the MIC ranges against chlorhexidine, TCCA and PVP-I were 4~128 mg/L, 64~128 mg/L and 4~128 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, against chlorhexidine and PVP-I, the MIC90 of 36 CRKP strains was higher than that of 50 CSKP strains. The qacE△1 gene was detected in 15 isolates among 36 CRKP strains (41.7%), and 8 isolates among 14 CREC strains (57.1%); while the qacA/B gene was not detected. Specifically, the cepA gene was much more prevalent than the qacEΔ1; it reached over 80% among CRKP strains. Compared to the CSKP strains, the presence of the qacEΔ1 and cepA genes was significantly higher among the CRKP strains (p < 0.05).Conclusion: CRE strains collected from patients in our hospital exhibit various degree of resistance to the commonly used chemical disinfectants. It is of great help to keep monitoring the tendency of the reduced susceptibility of the pan-resistant strains against disinfectants, in order to effectively control and prevent the spread of the super resistant bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical application of AZIBs is hindered by problems such as dendrites and hydrogen evolution reactions caused by the thermodynamic instability of Zinc (Zn) metal. Modification of the Zn surface through interface engineering can effectively solve the above problems. Here, sulfonate‐derivatized graphene–boronene nanosheets (G&B‐S) composite interfacial layer is prepared to modulate the Zn plating/stripping and mitigates the side reactions with electrolyte through a simple and green electroplating method. Thanks to the electronegativity of the sulfonate groups, the G&B‐S interface promotes a dendrite‐free deposition behavior through a fast desolvation process and a uniform interfacial electric field mitigating the tip effect. Theoretical calculations and QCM‐D experiments confirmed the fast dynamic mechanism and excellent mechanical properties of the G&B‐S interfacial layer. By coupling the dynamics‐mechanics action, the G&B‐S@Zn symmetric battery is cycled for a long‐term of 1900 h at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2, with a low overpotential of ≈30 mV. Furthermore, when coupled with the LMO cathode, the LMO//G&B‐S@Zn cell also exhibits excellent performance, indicating the durability of the G&B‐S@Zn anode. Accordingly, this novel multifunctional interfacial layer offers a promising approach to significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a neurological complication occurring after anesthesia and surgery. Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of POCD, and the activation of the cluster of differentiation 200 (CD200)/CD200R1 axis improves neurological recovery in various neurological disorders by modulating inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact and underlying mechanism of CD200/CD200R1 axis on POCD in aged mice. Methods: The model of POCD was established in aged mice. To assess the learning and memory abilities of model mice, the Morris water maze test was implemented. CD200Fc (CD200 fusion protein), CD200R1 Ab (anti-CD200R1 antibody), and 740Y-P (a specific PI3K activator) were used to evaluate the effects of the CD200/CD200R1/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway on hippocampal microglial polarization, neuroinflammation, synaptic activity, and cognition in mice. Results: It was observed that anesthesia/surgery induced cognitive decline in aged mice, increased the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 β and decreased the levels of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), synaptophysin (SYN) in the hippocampus. Moreover, CD200Fc and 740Y-P attenuated neuroinflammation and synaptic deficits and reversed cognitive impairment via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (Akt)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, whereas CD200R1 Ab administration exerted the opposite effects. Our results further show that the CD200/CD200R1 axis modulates M1/M2 polarization in hippocampal microglia via the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the activation of the CD200/CD200R1 axis reduces neuroinflammation, synaptic deficits, and cognitive impairment in the hippocampus of aged mice by regulating microglial M1/M2 polarization via the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Aqueous Zn2+ ion batteries present notable advantages, including high abundance, low toxicity, and intrinsic nonflammability. However, they exhibit severe irreversibility due to uncontrolled dendrite growth and corrosion reactions, which limit their practical applications. Inspired by their distinct molecular recognition characteristics, supramolecular crown ethers featuring interior cavity sizes identical to the diameter of Zn2+ ions were screened as macrocyclic hosts to optimize the Zn2+ coordination environment, facilitating the suppression of the reactivity of H 2 O molecules and inducing the in-situ formation of organic–inorganic hybrid dual-protective interphase. The in-situ assembled interphase confers the system with an "ion-sieving" effect to repel H 2 O molecules and facilitate rapid Zn2+ transport, enabling the suppression of side reactions and uniform deposition of Zn2+ ions. Consequently, we were able to achieve dendrite-free Zn2+ plating/stripping at 98.4% Coulombic efficiency for approximately 300 cycles in Zn||Cu cell, steady charge–discharge for 1360 h in Zn||Zn symmetric cell, and improved cyclability of 70% retention for 200 cycles in Zn||LMO full cell, outlining a promising strategy to challenge lithium-ion batteries in low-cost, and large-scale applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) is a promising technology for large‐scale energy storage. However, it is still questionable how material structures affect the anion storage behavior. In this paper, we synthesis graphite with an ultra‐large interlayer distance and heteroatomic doping to systematically investigate the combined effects on DIBs. The large interlayer distance of 0.51 nm provides more space for anion storage, while the doping of the heteroatoms reduces the energy barriers for anion intercalation and migration and enhances rapid ionic storage at interfaces simultaneously. Based on the synergistic effects, the DIBs composed of carbon cathode and lithium anode afford ultra‐high capacity of 240 mAh g−1 at current density of 100 mA g−1. Dual‐carbon batteries (DCBs) using the graphite as both of cathode and anode steadily cycle 2400 times at current density of 1 A g−1. Hence, this work provides a reference to the strategy of material designs of DIBs and DCBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: A comprehensive discussion of the recent advances in zinc–bromine rechargeable batteries with flow or non-flow electrolytes is presented. The fundamental electrochemical aspects including the key challenges and promising solutions in both zinc and bromine half-cells are reviewed. The key performance metrics of ZBRBs and assessment methods using various ex situ and in situ/operando techniques are also discussed. Zinc–bromine rechargeable batteries (ZBRBs) are one of the most powerful candidates for next-generation energy storage due to their potentially lower material cost, deep discharge capability, non-flammable electrolytes, relatively long lifetime and good reversibility. However, many opportunities remain to improve the efficiency and stability of these batteries for long-life operation. Here, we discuss the device configurations, working mechanisms and performance evaluation of ZBRBs. Both non-flow (static) and flow-type cells are highlighted in detail in this review. The fundamental electrochemical aspects, including the key challenges and promising solutions, are discussed, with particular attention paid to zinc and bromine half-cells, as their performance plays a critical role in determining the electrochemical performance of the battery system. The following sections examine the key performance metrics of ZBRBs and assessment methods using various ex situ and in situ/operando techniques. The review concludes with insights into future developments and prospects for high-performance ZBRBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic charge-transfer complex tetrathiofluorene-7,7,8,8-tetroquinolinedimethane (TTF-TCNQ) is applied as cathode material in aqueous zinc ion battery (AZIBs). Ionic storage behavior of TTF–TCNQ complex is systematically investigated from 25 ℃ to −40 ℃. Due to the high conductivity, TTF-TCNQ complex shows much better rate and cycle performance than each single-moiety counterpart. [Display omitted] • TTF-TCNQ is applied as a novel organic electrode material in aqueous zinc ion batteries. • TTF-TCNQ complexes exhibit higher ionic diffusivity than each single-moiety counterpart in zinc storage systems, especially at low temperatures. • TTF-TCNQ//Zn battery shows high cycle stability of capacity retention rate of 74% at a current density of 1A g−1 after 500 cycles and excellent rate performance of specific capacity of 123.3 mAh/g at a current density of 3A g−1 at −20℃. • Advanced characterizations find that N C- and C S groups are the reaction centers and morphology and crystal structure of TTF-TCNQ are highly reversible. Charge-transfer organic materials are molecular metallic materials with high electronic conductivity, but their potential in rechargeable batteries, especially at low temperatures, has not been investigated. In this work, micro-structured organic charge-transfer complex tetrathiofluorene-7,7,8,8-tetroquinolinedimethane (TTF-TCNQ) is applied as cathode material in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Ionic storage behavior of TTF–TCNQ complex is systematically investigated from 25 ℃ to −40 ℃. Owing to higher electrical conductivity and higher ionic diffusivity in ionic storage, smaller charge transfer resistance, and lower activation energy, TTF-TCNQ shows much superior rate and cycling performance than each single-moiety counterpart, especially at low temperatures. Reaction mechanism is explored by ex-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and in-situ Raman technologies, confirming that C N and C S groups are the redox centers and the redox reaction is highly reversible. Our research not only provides a new type of choice for AZIBs at low temperatures, but also greatly broads the application field of charge-transfer complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemicellulose is key in determining the fate of plant cell wall in almost all growth and developmental stages. Nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding its involvement in the development and ripening of banana fruit. This study investigated changes in the temporal-spatial distribution of various hemicellulose components, hemicellulose content, activities of the main hydrolysis enzymes, and transcription level of the main hemicellulose-related gene families in banana peels. Both hemicellulose and xylan contents were positively correlated to the fruit firmness observed in our previous study. On the contrary, the xylanase activity was negatively correlated to xylan content and the fruit firmness. The vascular bundle cells, phloem, and cortex of bananas are abundant in xyloglucan, xylan, and mannan contents. Interestingly, the changes in the signal intensity of the CCRC-M104 antibody recognizing non-XXXG type xyloglucan are positively correlated to hemicellulose content. According to RNA-Seq analysis, xyloglucan and xylan-related genes were highly active in the early stages of growth, and the expression of MaMANs and MaXYNs increased as the fruit ripened. The abundance of plant hormonal and growth-responsive cis -acting elements was detected in the 2 kb upstream region of hemicellulose-related gene families. Interaction between hemicellulose and cell wall-specific proteins and MaKCBP1/2, MaCKG1, and MaHKL1 was found. The findings shed light on cell wall hemicellulose's role in banana fruit development and ripening, which could improve nutrition, flavor, and reduce postharvest fruit losses. • Hemicellulose and xylan concentration positively linked with banana fruit firmness. • Xyloglucan recognized by CCRC-M104 was positively related to hemicellulose content. • The MaXYNs and MaMANs were increased significantly after fruit ripening. • The hormonal-responsive cis- elements were detected in high numbers. • The hemicellulose-related proteins strongly interacted with some growth-related ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vestibular migraine (VM) has been recently receiving increasing attention as an independent disease concept. It is a common cause of dizziness or headache; however, it was not clearly defined until 2018. Its diagnosis mainly relies on clinical history, including vertigo and migraine, as indicated by the appendix of the 3rd edition of the International Classification Diagnostic Criteria for Headache Diseases. There is often an overlap of vertigo and migraine across vestibular diseases; therefore, VM often imitates various vestibular diseases. Additionally, VM lacks specific laboratory biomarkers; therefore, it has high misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis rates. Therefore, numerous clinical patients could have inaccurate diagnoses and improper treatment. Therefore, there is a need for further basic research to further clarify the pathogenesis. Moreover, there is a need for clinical trials focusing on specific laboratory biomarkers, including serological, radiological, and electrophysiological examinations, to develop more detailed and complete diagnostic criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) decreases the expression of CD200 and CD200R1 protein and increases neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of neonatal rats. • The activation of CD200/CD200R1 axis improves cognitive impairment by reducing neuroinflammation and promoting neurogenesis via suppressing NF-κB-mediated M1 polarization of microglia via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. • The activation of PI3K improves cognitive impairment by reducing neuroinflammation and promoting neurogenesis via suppressing NF-κB-mediated M1 polarization of microglia via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), there is a decline in cognitive function; however, there are no effective treatment strategies for this condition in neonates. This study aimed to evaluate the role of the cluster of differentiation 200 (CD200)/CD200R1 axis in cognitive function following HIBD using an established model of HIBD in postnatal day 7 rats. Western blotting analysis was conducted to evaluate the protein expression levels of CD200, CD200R1, proteins associated with the PI3K/Akt-NF-κB pathway, and inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the hippocampus. Additionally, double-immunofluorescence labeling was utilized to evaluate M1 microglial polarization and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. To assess the learning and memory function of the experimental rats, the Morris water maze (MWM) test was conducted. HIBD leads to a decrease in the expression of CD200 and CD200R1 proteins in the neonatal rat hippocampus, while simultaneously increasing the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β proteins, ultimately resulting in cognitive impairment. The administration of CD200Fc, a fusion protein of CD200, was found to enhance the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt, but reduce the expression of p-NF-κB. Additionally, CD200Fc inhibited M1 polarization of microglia, reduced neuroinflammation, improved hippocampal neurogenesis, and mitigated cognitive impairment caused by HIBD in neonatal rats. In contrast, blocking the interaction between CD200 and CD200R1 with the anti-CD200R1 antibody (CD200R1 Ab) exerted the opposite effect. Furthermore, the PI3K specific activator, 740Y-P, significantly increased the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt, but reduced p-NF-κB expression. It also inhibited M1 polarization of microglia, reduced neuroinflammation, and improved hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function in neonatal rats with HIBD. Our findings illustrate that activation of the CD200/CD200R1 axis inhibits the NF-κB-mediated M1 polarization of microglia to improve HIBD-induced cognitive impairment and hippocampal neurogenesis disorder via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway by radiotherapy (RT) has a significant effect on eliciting antitumor immune responses. The generation of hydroxyl radical (·OH) storm and the sensitization of STING - relative catalytic reactions could improve radiosensitization-mediated STING activation. Herein, multi-functional radiosensitizer with oxygen vacancies depended mimicking enzyme-like activities was fabricated to produce more dsDNA which benefits intracellular 2′, 3′-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) generation, together with introducing exogenous cGAMP to activate immune response. MnO 2 @CeO x nanozymes present enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and peroxidase (POD)-like activities due to induced oxygen vacancies accelerate the redox cycles from Ce4+ to Ce3+ via intermetallic charge transfer. CeO x shells not only serve as radiosensitizer, but also provide the conjugation site for AMP/GMP to form MnO 2 @CeO x -GAMP (MCG). Upon X-ray irradiation, MCG with SOD-like activity facilitates the conversion of superoxide anions generated by Ce - sensitization into H 2 O 2 within tumor microenvironment (TME). The downstream POD-like activity catalyzes the elevated H 2 O 2 into a profusion of ·OH for producing more damage DNA fragments. TME-responsive decomposed MCG could supply exogenous cGAMP, meanwhile the releasing Mn2+ improve the sensitivity of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase to dsDNA for producing more cGAMP, resulting in the promotion of STING pathway activation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Electrolytes that possess both interfacial stability toward lithium metal anodes and compatibility with high voltage cathodes are required for high energy density batteries. Here a high concentration LiTFSI salt firstly dissolves in an ionic liquid Pyr1,3FSI. This electrolyte with synergetic effect of TFSI and FSI anions, which not only effectively suppresses lithium dendrite growth because of the highly concentrated solid electrolyte interphase film, but also beneficially improve the cycling performance of lithium batteries. Lithium plating/stripping tests reveal that the concentrated electrolyte has superior compatibility with a lithium metal anode than an electrolyte with low salt concentration. Furthermore, a lithium metal battery containing the electrolyte and a lithium cobalt oxide cathode achieves high coulombic efficiency and good cycling stability at 4.4 V and high temperature. These results indicate that the highly concentrated ionic liquid electrolyte is promising for use in lithium metal batteries. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • High concentrated electrolyte synthesized with LiTFSI and ionic liquid Pyr1,3FSI. • High concentrated sample possess interfacial stability toward lithium metal anode. • High concentrated sample was used in a high-voltage LiCoO 2 /Li battery. • The lithium metal battery achieved a high coulombic efficiency at 60 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered transition metal oxides are considered to be promising candidates as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Herein, a facile solid-state reaction is developed to synthesize hexagons plate-like Na 0.67 Ni 0.25 Mn 0.75 O 2+δ (denoted as P2-NNM) material with habit plane formed. The structure of this layered oxide is characterized by XRD, HR-TEM and SAED. The layered material delivers a high reversible capacity of 91.8 mAh g −1 at 0.2 C with a capacity retention of 94.4 % after 280 cycles, superior rate capability and long cycle life (84.2 % capacity retention after 1000 cycle). Ni 2+ is an active ion and Ni doping alleviates the Jahn-Teller distortion, and Mn 3+ /Mn 4+ coexist as Mn 4+ is desired from the stability perspective. Particularly, CV and XPS results confirm these results. Moreover, the electrode exhibits a quasi-solid-solution reaction during the sodium extraction and insertion. This contribution demonstrates that P2-NNM is a promising cathode electrode for rechargeable long-life sodium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) is explored as a novel and sustainable cathode material in aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs). • TTF delivers a capacity of 102 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 under −20 °C, obtains a high capacity retention of 96% after 3500 cycles. • Anion insertion/desertion in TTF electrode is proved by ex-situ EDS, IC and ICP characterizations. • Advanced characterization and DFT calculation confirm a three-step reaction mechanism of TTF electrode. Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) is introduced as a novel and sustainable cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs). Based on an anion insertion/desertion reaction, TTF delivers a capacity of 102 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 under −20 °C, and obtains a high capacity retention of 96 % after 3500 cycles. Kinetic analysis demonstrates that TTF is more surface-controlled electrochemical process than diffusion-controlled at low temperature. Comprehensive analysis, including ex-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Raman, Electron Spin-Resonance spectroscopy (ESR) characterization combine with density functional theory (DFT) estimation confirm the high reversibility of the transformation from TTF to TTF+ and TTF2+, when further increase the charging cut-off voltage to 1.6 V, TTF2+ is further oxidized to TTF3+. This work not only offers fundamental understanding for reaction mechanism of tetrathiafulvalene and their homologues in battery uses, but also provides a new electrode choice for AZIBs at low temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Quantitative detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is commonly done to screen for G6PD deficiency. However, current reference intervals (RIs) of G6PD are unsuitable for evaluating G6PD-activity levels with local populations or associating G6PD variants with hemolysis risk to aid clinical decision-making. We explored appropriate RIs and clinical decision limits (CDLs) for G6PD activity in individuals from Guangzhou, China., Methods: We enrolled 5,852 unrelated individuals between 2020 and 2022 and screened their samples in quantitative assays for G6PD activity. We conducted further investigations, including G6PD genotyping, thalassemia genotyping, follow-up analysis, and statistical analysis, for different groups., Results: In Guangzhou, the RIs for the G6PD activities were 11.20-20.04 U/g Hb in male and 12.29-23.16 U/g Hb in female. The adjusted male median and normal male median (NMM) values were 15.47 U/g Hb and 15.51 U/g Hb, respectively. A threshold of 45% of the NMM could be used as a CDL to estimate the probability of G6PD variants. Our results revealed high hemolysis-risk CDLs (male: <10% of the NMM, female: <30% of the NMM), medium hemolysis-risk CDLs (male: 10%-45% of the NMM, female: 30%-79% of the NMM), and low hemolysis-risk CDLs (male: ≥ 45% of the NMM, female: ≥ 79% of the NMM)., Conclusions: Collectively, our findings contribute to a more accurate evaluation of G6PD-activity levels within the local population and provide valuable insights for clinical decision-making. Specifically, identifying threshold values for G6PD variants and hemolysis risk enables improved prediction and management of G6PD deficiency, ultimately enhancing patient care and treatment outcomes.

Dendrite growth and corrosion issues have significantly hindered the usability of Zn anodes, which further restricts the development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). In this study, a zinc-philic and hydrophobic Zn (100) crystal plane end-capping reagent (ECR) is introduced into the electrolyte to address these challenges in AZIBs. Specifically, under the mediation of 100-ECR, the electroplated Zn configures oriented dense deposition of (100) crystal plane texture, which slows down the formation of dendrites. Furthermore, owing to the high corrosion resistance of the (100) crystal plane and the hydrophobic protective interface formed by the adsorbed ECR on the electrode surface, the Zn anode demonstrates enhanced reversibility and higher Coulombic efficiency in the modified electrolyte. Consequently, superior electrochemical performance is achieved through this novel crystal plane control strategy and interface protection technology. The Zn//VO 2 cells based on the modified electrolyte maintained a high-capacity retention of ≈80.6% after 1350 cycles, corresponding to a low-capacity loss rate of only 0.014% per cycle. This study underscores the importance of deposition uniformity and corrosion resistance of crystal planes over their type. And through crystal plane engineering, a high-quality (100) crystal plane is constructed, thereby expanding the range of options for viable Zn anodes., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The rapid popularization of wearable electronics, soft robots and implanted medical devices has stimulated extensive research in flexible batteries, which are bendable, foldable, knittable, wearable, and/or stretchable. Benefiting from these distinct characteristics, flexible batteries can be seamlessly integrated into various wearable/implantable devices, such as smart home systems, flexible displays, and implantable sensors. In contrast to conventional lithium-ion batteries necessitating the incorporation of stringent current collectors and packaging layers that are typically rigid, flexible batteries require the flexibility of each component to accommodate diverse shapes or sizes. Accordingly, significant advancements have been achieved in the development of flexible electrodes, current collectors, electrolytes, and flexible structures to uphold superior electrochemical performance and exceptional flexibility. In this review, typical structures of flexible batteries are firstly introduced and classified into mono-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional structures according to their configurations. Subsequently, five distinct types of flexible batteries, including flexible lithium-ion batteries, flexible sodium-ion batteries, flexible zinc-ion batteries, flexible lithium/sodium-air batteries, and flexible zinc/magnesium-air batteries, are discussed in detail according to their configurations, respectively. Meanwhile, related comprehensive analysis is introduced to delve into the fundamental design principles pertaining to electrodes, electrolytes, current collectors, and integrated structures for various flexible batteries. Finally, the developments and challenges of flexible batteries are summarized, offering viable guidelines to promote the practical applications in the future., (Copyright © 2024 Science China Press. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) were an important part of China's economy, but they faced challenges to growth due to financing difficulties. Government subsidies are considered as a potential way to address this problem. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Chinese government's subsidy program aimed at improving the accessibility of financing for SMEs. We analyze a comprehensive dataset of Chinese firms' subsidy programs from 2011 to 2020. We classify subsidies into unconditional and conditional categories and use fixed-effects regression models to control for the effects of time and between-group variation to more accurately assess the effectiveness of government subsidies. In addition, we use a PSM-DID model to reduce the effect of selectivity bias to more accurately estimate the causal effect of subsidies on financing strategies. We also use a mediated effects model to help understand the mechanisms by which different types of subsidies affect financing strategies. The results show that government subsidies can significantly improve SMEs' financing ability, but different types of subsidies produce subtle differences. Conditional subsidies support debt financing mainly through incentives, while unconditional subsidies help SMEs improve their equity financing ability through information effects. Furthermore, we find that over-reliance on a single subsidy type may reduce its effectiveness, suggesting a complex relationship between government intervention and SME financing. Thus, well-designed policies are crucial for promoting SMEs and fostering economic growth., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Sun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: Although total joint arthroplasty is the most effective procedures for end-stage arthritis, the incidence of postoperative death and complications remains high. The association of additional peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) to routine spinal or general anesthesia with major adverse events (including mortality and complication rates) in elective total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been subject to inconclusive findings., Methods: This retrospective observational single institution study included all patients ≧ 18 years undergoing their first elective THA or TKA from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021. A 1:2 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to account for the baseline differences between two groups that were accepted to PNB or not. Kaplan-Meier curves were employed to estimate the effects of PNB on mortality. The associations of PNB and the complications were assessed by logistic regression models., Results: We identified 1328 patients, among whom 197 had PNB and 1131 had not. The 90-day all-cause mortality was significantly reduced in patients with PNBs (0 % vs 2.79 %, P = 0.041) after THA or TKA, when compared to the non-PNB group. PNB was also associated with a lower risk of pulmonary complications (odds ratio [OR], 0.430; 95%confidence interval [CI],0.216-0.857) and deep vein thrombosis (OR, 0.103; 95%CI, 0.011-0.954)., Interpretation: The results of this observational, propensity score-matched cohort study suggested a strong association between the addition of PNBs to routine spinal or general anesthesia and decreased risks of major adverse events., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Based on the integrated model of Super-SBM model, spatial Durbin model (SDM) and Grey neural network model, this paper analyzes the panel data of various provinces in China from multiple angles and dimensions. It was found that there were significant differences in eco-efficiency between organic rice production and conventional rice production. The response of organic rice to climate change, the spatial distribution of ecological and economic benefits and the impact on carbon emission were analyzed. The results showed that organic rice planting not only had higher economic benefits, but also showed a rising trend of ecological benefits and a positive feedback effect. This finding highlights the importance of organic rice farming in reducing carbon emissions. Organic rice farming effectively reduces greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide and methane, by improving soil management and reducing the use of fertilizers and pesticides. This has important implications for mitigating climate change and promoting soil health and biodiversity. With the acceleration of urbanization, the increase of organic rice planting area shows the trend of organic rice gradually replacing traditional rice cultivation, further highlighting the potential of organic agriculture in emission reduction, environmental protection and sustainable agricultural production. To this end, it is recommended that the Government implement a diversified support strategy to encourage technological innovation, provide guidance and training, and raise public awareness and demand for organic products. At the same time, private sector participation is stimulated to support the development of organic rice cultivation through a public-private partnership model. Through these measures, further promote organic rice cultivation, achieve the dual goals of economic benefits and environmental benefits, and effectively promote the realization of double carbon emission reduction targets., Competing Interests: This work received the following funding: National Social Science Fund Project, 18XMZ041., (Copyright: © 2024 Luo, Huang. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

The Zn//V 2 O 5 system not only faces the incontrollable growth of zinc (Zn) dendrites, but also withstands the cross-talk effect of by-products produced from the cathode side to the Zn anode, inducing interelectrode talk and aggravating battery failure. To tackle these issues, we construct a rapid Zn 2+ -conducting hydrogel electrolyte (R-ZSO) to achieve Zn deposition modulation and side reaction inhibition in Zn//V 2 O 5 full cells. The polymer matrix and BN exhibit a robust anchoring effect on SO 4 2- , accelerating Zn 2+ migration and enabling dense Zn deposition behavior. Therefore, the Zn//Zn symmetric cells based on the R-ZSO electrolyte can operate stably for more than 1500 h, which is six times higher than that of cells employing the blank electrolyte. More importantly, the R-ZSO hydrogel electrolyte effectively decouples the cross-talk effects, thus breaking the infinite loop of side reactions. As a result, the Zn//V 2 O 5 cells using this modified hydrogel electrolyte demonstrate stable operation over 1,000 cycles, with a capacity loss rate of only 0.028 % per cycle. Our study provides a promising gel chemistry, which offers a valuable guide for the construction of high-performance and multifunctional aqueous Zn-ion batteries., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Vanadium-based oxides have attracted much attention because of their rich valences and adjustable structures. The high theoretical specific capacity contributed by the two-electron-transfer process (V 5+ /V 3+ ) makes it an ideal cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. However, slow diffusion kinetics and poor structural stability limit the application of vanadium-based oxides. Herein, a strategy for intercalating organic matter between vanadium-based oxide layers is proposed to attain high rate performance and long cycling life. The V 3 O 7 ·H 2 O is synthesized in situ on the carbon cloth to form an open porous structure, which provides sufficient contact areas with electrolyte and facilitates zinc ion transport. On the molecular level, the added organic matter p-aminophenol (pAP) not only plays a supporting role in the V 3 O 7 ·H 2 O layer, but also shows a regulatory effect on the V 5+ /V 4+ redox process due to the reducing functional group on pAP. The novel composite electrode with porous structure exhibits outstanding reversible specific capacity (386.7 mAh g -1 , 0.1 A g -1 ) at a high load of 6.5 mg cm -2 , and superior capacity retention of 80% at 3 A g -1 for 2100 cycles., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) can result in significant global rates of neonatal death or permanent neurological disability. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of RNA influences fundamental aspects of RNA metabolism, and m6A dysregulation is implicated in various neurological diseases. However, the biological roles and clinical significance of m6A in HIBD remain unclear. We currently evaluated the effect of HIBD on cerebral m6A methylation in RNAs in neonatal rats. The m6A dot blot assay showed a global augmentation in RNA m6A methylation post-HI. Herein, we also report on demethylase FTO, which is markedly downregulated in the hippocampus and is the main factor involved with aberrant m6A modification following HI. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of RNA-seq data and m6A microarray results, we found that transcripts with m6A modifications were more highly expressed overall than transcripts without m6A modifications. The overexpression of FTO resulted in the promotion of Akt/mTOR pathway hyperactivation, while simultaneously inhibiting autophagic function. This is carried out by the demethylation activity of FTO, which selectively demethylates transcripts of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), thus promoting its degradation and reduced protein expression after HI. Moreover, the synaptic and neurocognitive disorders induced by HI were effectively reversed through the overexpression of FTO in the hippocampus. Cumulatively, these findings demonstrate the functional importance of FTO-dependent hippocampal m6A methylome in cognitive function and provides novel mechanistic insights into the therapeutic potentials of FTO in neonatal HIBD., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Zinc-bromine flow batteries (ZBFBs) are promising candidates for the large-scale stationary energy storage application due to their inherent scalability and flexibility, low cost, green, and environmentally friendly characteristics. ZBFBs have been commercially available for several years in both grid scale and residential energy storage applications. Nevertheless, their continued development still presents challenges associated with electrodes, separators, electrolyte, as well as their operational chemistry. Therefore, rational design of these components in ZBFBs is of utmost importance to further improve the overall device performance. In this review, the focus is on the scientific understanding of the fundamental electrochemistry and functional components of ZBFBs, with an emphasis on the technical challenges of reaction chemistry, development of functional materials, and their application in ZBFBs. Current limitations of ZBFBs with future research directions in the development of high performance ZBFBs are suggested., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Exploration published by Henan University and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Zeolite is one of the potential passivating amendments for the immobilization of lead (Pb) in contaminated farmland soils. In this study, pot experiments were carried out to investigate the effects and the mechanisms of zeolite on Pb accumulation in two rice cultivars grown in a slightly Pb-contaminated soil. Results showed that Pb content in grains of Zheyou 18 (ZY-18) decreased by the addition of 6 g zeolite kg -1 soil (E6), which can be attributed to the reduction in soil Pb availability, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), water-soluble iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), and the transfer factor from soil to grain (TF soil-grain ). These reductions were mainly resulting from the significant increase in soil pH, glutathione (GSH), phytochelatins (PCs), and non-protein (NPT) content in rice root, and the decrease in soil redox potential (Eh), due to zeolite addition. Pb content in brown rice of DL-5 was not significantly affected with E6 treatment, whereas it was raised by applying 12 g zeolite kg -1 soil (E12). The increase of Pb content of Donglian 5 (DL-5) grains with E12 treatment can be attributed to more Pb uptake by the root, higher Pb transfer factors (TFs) between various parts of rice, and significant decrease in GSH, PCs, and NPT contents in the root. It is concluded that a suitable rate of zeolite addition can immobilize Pb in slightly Pb-contaminated acidic soil. However, the final immobilization effect also depends on rice cultivars., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The effects of zeolite amendment on the Cd absorption and accumulation of two varieties of rice, ZY-18 (Zheyou 18, hybrid indica) and DL-5 (Donglian 5, conventional indica), planted in a slightly Cd-contaminated paddy soil, and the associated mechanisms were studied based on a pot experiment. The results showed that zeolite addition significantly reduced the Cd availability in the soil by the increasing of soil pH and the Cd sorption capacity of soil, as well as the reduction of Eh, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the water-soluble Fe/Mn in the soil. The decrease in the amount of Fe and Cd in iron plaques on rice roots treated with zeolite resulted in the reduction of Cd uptake by rice roots. Zeolite application decreased the Cd contents in the roots, stems and leaves, and finally the brown rice through the inhibition of uptake and translocation of Cd by rice plant. The Cd concentration in rice grains of ZY-18 was more decreased than that of DL-5, which was attributed to its higher pH and lower Eh, DOC, and Cd availability in the soil, higher mounts of iron plaque and Cd in plaques on rice roots, and lower root-to-grain transfer factor (TF root-grain ) of ZY-18., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

MEX3A is an RNA-binding protein that mediates mRNA decay through binding to 3' untranslated regions. However, its role and mechanism in clear cell renal cell carcinoma remain unknown. In this study, we found that MEX3A expression was transcriptionally activated by ETS1 and upregulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Silencing MEX3A markedly reduced clear cell renal cell carcinoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo . Inhibiting MEX3A induced G1/S cell-cycle arrest. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that E2F targets are the central downstream pathways of MEX3A. To identify MEX3A targets, systematic screening using enhanced cross-linking and immunoprecipitation sequencing, and RNA-immunoprecipitation sequencing assays were performed. A network of 4,000 genes was identified as potential targets of MEX3A. Gene ontology analysis of upregulated genes bound by MEX3A indicated that negative regulation of the cell proliferation pathway was highly enriched. Further assays indicated that MEX3A bound to the CDKN2B 3' untranslated region, promoting its mRNA degradation. This leads to decreased levels of CDKN2B and an uncontrolled cell cycle in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, which was confirmed by rescue experiments. Our findings revealed that MEX3A acts as a post-transcriptional regulator of abnormal cell-cycle progression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2021 The Author(s).)

In response to the increasing concern for energy management, molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) has been extensively researched as an attractive anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The proficient cycling durability and good rate performance of SIBs are the two key parameters that determine their potential for practical use. In this study, nature-inspired three-dimensional (3D) MoS 2 ultrathin marigold flower-like microstructures were prepared by a controlled hydrothermal method. These microscale flowers are constructed by arbitrarily arranged but closely interconnected two-dimensional ultrathin MoS 2 nanosheets. The as-prepared MoS 2 microflowers (MFs) have then been chemically wrapped by layered graphene sheets to form the bonded 3D hybrid MoS 2 -G networks. TEM, SEM, XRD, XPS, and Raman characterizations were used to study the morphology, crystallization, chemical compositions, and wrapping contact between MoS 2 and graphene. The ultrathin nature of MoS 2 in 3D MFs and graphene wrapping provide strong electrical conductive channels and conductive networks in an electrode. Benefitting from the 2 nm ultrathin crystalline MoS 2 sheets, chemically bonded graphene, defect-induced sodium storage active sites, and 3D interstitial spaces, the prepared electrode exhibited an outstanding specific capacity (606 mA h g -1 at 200 mA g -1 ), remarkable rate performance (345 mA h g -1 at 1600 mA g -1 ), and long cycle life (over 100 cycles with tremendous Coulombic efficiencies beyond 100%). The proposed synthesis strategy and 3D design developed in the present study reveal a unique way to fabricate promising anode materials for SIBs.

A simple and sensitive chemiluminescent (CL) sensing platform for mercury(II) ions (Hg 2+ ) in water was developed based on monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ). The layered MoS 2 can catalyze the oxidation of luminol by H 2 O 2 , producing an enhanced CL signal because of the peroxidase-like activity of the layered MoS 2 . In addition, MoS 2 has a good adsorption ability to Hg 2+ because of the inherent affinity of Hg 2+ to sulfur contained in MoS 2 . Interestingly, the pre-incubation of Hg 2+ with layered MoS 2 inhibited the catalytic activity of MoS 2 on the luminol-H 2 O 2 -MoS 2 CL reaction, leading to CL quenching. The CL intensity decreased linearly with increasing concentration of Hg 2+ from 0.005 - 40 μM. The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be 1 nM. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was found to be 3.71%, indicating good reproducibility. The recoveries of Hg 2+ spiked in tap water were from 100.0 to 116.0% with RSD from 2.7 to 5.6%, detected by the standard addition method, and demonstrated good applicability.

Low cycling stability and poor rate performance are two of the distinctive drawbacks of most electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Here, inspired by natural flower structures, we take advantage of the three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical flower-like stable microstructures formed by two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets to solve these problems. By precise control of the hydrothermal synthesis conditions, a novel three-dimensional (3D) flower-like architecture consisting of 2D Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 nanosheets (Na-TNSs) has been successfully synthesized. The arbitrarily arranged but closely interlinked thin nanosheets in carnation-shaped 3D Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 microflowers (Na-TMFs) originate a good network of electrically conductive paths in an electrode. Thus, Na-TMFs can get electrons from all directions and be fully utilized for sodium-ion insertion and extraction reactions, which can improve sodium storage properties with enhanced rate capability and super cycling performance. Furthermore, the large specific surface area provides a high capacity, which can be ascribed to the pseudo-capacitance effect. The wettability of the electrolyte was also improved by the porous and crumpled structure. The remarkably improved cycling performance and rate capability of Na-TMFs make a captivating case for its development as an advanced anode material for SIBs.

Objective: To summarize the therapeutic effectiveness of incorporating pedicled retrograde flap of forearm transplantation for reconstructing severe contracture of the first web space and wrist., Methods: Between November 2005 and February 2010, 26 patients with severe contracture of the first web and wrist were treated. There were 18 males and 8 females with an average age of 27 years (range, 12-45 years). The locations were the right sides in 15 cases and the left sides in 11 cases. The injury reason included hot water scald in 7 cases, explosion hurt in 5 cases, traffic accident in 3 cases, hot pressing in 5 cases, and flame burns in 6 cases. The duration of scar contracture ranged from 6 to 26 months with an average of 11 months. According to the evaluation standard by GU Yudong et al., all had severe contracture of the first web space, and concomitant injuries included adduction deformity thumb, limitation of the thumb extension and opposition function, and carpometacarpal flexion joint deformity. After scar contracture was released, the defect size ranged from 5.8 cm x 4.5 cm to 11.3 cm x 7.2 cm, which were repaired by the incorporating pedicled retrograde flap of forearm of 6.5 cm x 5.0 cm to 12.5 cm x 8.0 cm at size. The donor sites were directly sutured or repaired with skin graft., Results: Blister and partial necrosis occurred at the distal end of the flaps in 2 cases, which were cured after dressing change. The other flaps survived and wounds healed by first intention. Incisions at donor sites healed by first intention. Twenty-six patients were followed up 6 to 24 months (mean, 15 months). The patients had functional recovery in thumb adduction and opposition at different degrees. At 6 months after operation, according to the Swanson et al. AMA system for total thumb activity, the total thumb function was improved significantly, and according to Jensen et al. measurement, the width and angle of the first web space were significantly increased, all showing significant differences (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Incorporating pedicled retrograde flap of forearm transplantation for repairing severe contracture of the first web space and wrist could augment the first web space and improve the wrist flexible function.

Objective: To discuss the operative method and therapeutic effect of correcting nasal deformity after prosthesis of unilateral complete harelip with design of nasal subunits., Methods: From January 2006 to December 2008, 18 patients with nasal deformity after prosthesis of unilateral complete harelip were treated. There were 7 males and 11 females aged 6-26 years old. The deformity located on the left side in 11 cases and the right side in 7 cases with major manifestations of deviation and crispation towards normal side of nasal columella, applanation and collapse of nasal ala, lenity and dissymmetry of nostrils, malposition of basement of nasal ala. Time between harelip prosthesis and secondary epithesis was 4-21 years (average 8 years). During epithesis, nasal columella were extended, collapse nasal alar cartilages were liberated and fixed in symmetrical positions, injured upper lip was extended with nasolabial flap or to "tongue-like" flap on nasal base. Eleven cases were implanted L-type silicone prosthesis to hump nose., Results: For 1 case suffered postoperative rejection, the implant of L-type silicone prosthesis was taken out promptly, and reimplant of prosthesis was performed 6 months later without postoperative rejection. The incision of the other patients all healed by first intention without any postoperative complications. The effect of epithesis was good with such manifestations as the eminence of injured nasal ala, normal radian, and symmetrical nostrils. All patients were followed up for 3 months-2 years (average 8 months). The incision was hidden with well-maintained appearance and no obvious scar., Conclusion: Based on feature of nasal subunits and formation causes of deformity, individual-orientated epithesis design of nasal ala margin, nasal columella basement incisions, reset and fix nasal alar cartilages and tissues values can provide the patients suffering the secondary nasal deformity with satisfied appearance.