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Determination of vitamin D status in different age-groups in a community and in different climates of a country is necessary and has important implications for general health. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population of Isfahan, a centrally-located city in Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 1,111 healthy people-243 men and 868 women--aged 41.4 (mean 14 and range 20-80) years, who attended a single-consultation outpatient clinic, were selected. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium and phosphorus concentrations were measured. Mild, moderate and severe vitamin D deficiencies were defined as 25-OHD values of 20-30 ng/mL, 10-20 ng/mL, and < 10 ng/mL respectively. The median (range) concentrations of 25-OHD were 21 (4.0-105.0) ng/mL in males and 18 (1.5-117) ng/mL in females (p = 0.05). The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe vitamin D deficiencies among the adult population was 19.6%, 23.9%, and 26.9% respectively. Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent among women (p = 0.001) and younger age-group (p = 0.001). Medians of 25-OHD in spring-summer and autumn-winter were 21 ng/mL and 18 ng/mL respectively (p = 0.005). The prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency was higher in autumn-winter than in spring-summer (odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.2-2.2, p = 0.001). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was high in a sunny city--Isfahan--especially among women and younger population. The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in this city emphasizes the necessity of vitamin D supplementation as more exposure to sun is limited due to the type of clothing required by current law.

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the need for diabetes primary prevention program in isolated impaired fasting glucose (i-IFG) of the first degree relatives of type 2 diabetics., Methods: In a cross sectional study, 793 individuals with prediabetes [543 with i-IFG and 250 with isolated impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT)] who were the first degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients, were enrolled. Isolated IFG was considered as fasting plasma glucose between 100-125 mg/dl and 2 hour plasma glucose < 140 mg/dl and isolated IGT as FPG < 100 mg/dl and 2 hour plasma glucose between 140-199 mg/dl during an overnight fasting 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Mean of the age, weight, waist circumference, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, HbA1C, and lipid profile were compared between two groups (i-IFG and i-IGT). The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, hypertension, cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dl, LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dl, HDL-C ≤ 40 mg/dl, and triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dl) adjusted by age, sex and BMI were compared., Results: The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors is higher in i-IFG group than i-IGT. The mean level of LDL-C is significantly higher in i-IFG than i-IGT group., Conclusions: First degree relatives of T2DM with isolated impaired fasting glucose should probably be included in the primary preventive program for diabetes. However, longitudinal cohort study is required to show high progression of i-IFG to T2DM.

Introduction: To investigate the effect of elevated one hour post-load plasma glucose on cardiovascular risk factors, in normal glucose tolerance (NGT) people, who are first degree relatives of type 2 diabetics., Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study on 1475 NGT subjects (Arian ethnicity), who had one hour post-load plasma glucose was carried out. We compared the mean of age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid profile, and area under the curve of glucose (AUC-G) of 1190 out of 1475 NGT subjects with one hour plasma glucose (1hpG) ≥155 mg/dL, and 285 NGT subjects with 1hpG < 155 mg/dL., Results: The mean age, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid profile (but not low HDL-cholesterol), and area under the curve of glucose (AUC-G) was significantly higher in NGT subjects with 1hpG ≥155 mg/dL (P < 0.05). Normal glucose tolerance people (first degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients) with 1hpG ≥155 mg/dL were older and heavier than those with 1hpG < 155 mg/dL. Cardiovascular risk factors (but not low HDL and hypertension) were more prevalent in those with elevated one hour post-load group (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: NGT subjects with elevated one hour post-load plasma glucose (1hpG ≥155 mg/dL) had higher prevalence of most cardiovascular risk factors in comparison with those with 1hpG < 155 mg/dL.