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The introduction of antibiotics resulted in a reduced mortality rate in bacterial meningitis which, however, remained stable at 5–30% in the last 40 years, despite the development of new antibiotics [ 1, 10] . In order to influence the outcome in this disease new adjuvant strategies are required.

Modeme Kommunikationsnetze ermoglichen zunehmend flexible, nutzerkonfigurierbare Dienste. Durch die Anwendung der Kommunikationstechnik zur Verarbeitung sensitiver Daten sind die Anforderungen an die Sicherheit gestiegen, welche oftmals bei der Einfuhrung neuer Systeme und Dienste noch nicht konkretisiert sind und deshalb nur unzureichend Berucksichtigung finden. Die zunehmende Auswertung personenbezogener Daten, die zur Realisierung von Diensten im Kommunikationsnetz verarbeitet werden, macht auch diese Daten schutzenswert. Die Qualitat eines Dienstes wird deshalb in Zukunft auch an seiner Moglichkeit gemessen werden, individuelle Sicherheitsanforderungen effizient zu realisieren oder mindestens zu unterstutzen. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt ein Konzept vor, welches durch Betrachtung verschiedener Kriterien eine wirtschaftliche und effiziente Sicherung von Kommunikations-systemen ermoglicht. Die Verfahren zur sicheren Identifikation von Kommunikationspartnern (Authentikation) und die Verteilung von geheimen Schlusseln zur Sicherung der ubermittelten Daten werden aufgrund ihrer Bedeutung detailliert behandelt. Eine Integration vorgeschlagener Sicherungsmechanismen auf Protokollebene wird am Beispiel der Dienstanforderung im Schmalband-ISDN skizziert.

Das Intelligente Netz (IN) ist ein Architekturkonzept, das die schnelle und kostengunstige Einfuhrung neuer Kommunikationsdienste unterstutzt und erleichtert. Wechselwirkungen zwischen Diensten im IN stellen ein ernstzunehmendes Problem dar, da sie den sicheren und benutzerfreundlichen Betrieb eines Telekommunikationsnetzes gefahrden konnen. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Verfahren zur Erkennung solcher Wechselwirkungen vorgestellt, das in einer fruhen Phase der Dienstentwicklung ansetzt. Dabei wird gezeigt, das die Ursache fur solche Wechselwirkungen darin liegt, das mehrere Dienste gemeinsame Einflusbereiche besitzen und uber Auswirkungen auf diese Bereiche miteinander in Wechselwirkung treten konnen. Mit Hilfe einer formalen Beschreibung der Rufbehandlung und Dienstbearbeitung im IN konnen unter Verwendung formaler Techniken wie der Erreichbarkeitsanalyse solche Wechselwirkungen erkannt warden.

Like true DNA replicases, herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase is equipped with a proofreading 3'-5'-exonuclease. In order to assess the functional significance of conserved residues in the putative exonuclease domain, we introduced point mutations as well as deletions within and near the conserved motifs' exonuclease (Exo) I, II, and III of the DNA polymerase gene from a phosphonoacetic acid-resistant derivative of herpes simplex virus-1 strain ANG. We examined the catalytic activities of the partially purified enzymes after overexpression by recombinant baculovirus. Mutations of the motifs' Exo I (D368A, E370A) and Exo III (Y577F, D581A) yielded enzymes without detectable and severely impaired 3'-5'-exonuclease activities, respectively. Except for the Exo I mutations, all other Exo mutations examined affected both exonuclease and polymerization activities. Mutant enzymes D368A, E370A, Y557S, and D581A showed a significant ability to extend mispaired primer termini. Mutation Y557S resulted in a strong reduction of the 3'-5'-exonuclease activity and in a polymerase activity that was hyperresistant to phosphonoacetic acid. The results of the mutational analysis provide evidence for a tight linkage of polymerase and 3'-5'-exonuclease activity in the herpesviral enzyme.

Die technische Kommunikation hat ihre Ursprunge in den Erfindungen des Telegrafen (Gaus, Weber 1933) und des Telefons (Reis 1861, Gray, Bell 1876), mit denen es moglich wurde, Zeichen und akustische Sprachsignale mittels elektrischer Impulse bzw. zu den Sprachsignalen analoger Strome zu ubertragen. Mit der Erfindung der Vermittlung wurde es moglich, Verbindungen zwischen beliebigen Benutzern (Teilnehmern) herzustellen. Die ersten Fernsprech-Vermittlungen erfolgten „per Hand“ 1877, bei denen ubertragungsleitungsabschnitte an den Vermittlungspunkten uber Kontakte zu einer durchgehenden Verbindung durchgeschaltet wurden. Die rasche Zunahme des Fernsprechens fuhrte zur Erfindung des Wahlers von Strowger 1892, einer elektromechanischen Schalteinrichtung, welche durch Wahlimpulse des Teilnehmers selbsttatig eingestellt werden konnte. Mit dieser Erfindung wurde es moglich, automatisch, d.h. im Prinzip ohne Bedienpersonal, wahlweise Verbindungen zwischen beliebigen Teilnehmern aufzubauen.

Mit den bereits heute realisierten Moglichkeiten der Datenkommunikation uber das Fernsprechnetz, das ISDN, die Mobilkommunikationsnetze sowie die verschiedenen Formen von Datennetzen sind Elektronische Post (electronic mail), Dateiubertragung (file transfer), Arbeiten an entfernten Rechnern (remote login), Zugriff auf eine grose Zahl angebotener Informationsdienste wie dem des World Wide Web (WWW), Dokumentenaustausch oder verteiltes Erstellen von Dokumenten moglich und weisen gegenwartig ein auserordentlich starkes Wachstum auf. Neue Nutzungsmoglichkeiten, wie die niederqualitative Sprachund Bewegtbildkommunikation werden bereits uber das heutige Internet erschlossen. Das Potential dieser Anwendungen, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Moglichkeiten des Zugriffs auf Informationsdatenbasen, ist bei weitem noch nicht erschopft und wird bereits weitreichende Konsequenzen fur Arbeitsablaufe, Ausbildung u.a. nach sich ziehen.

In automotiven Systemen wie Personenwagen, Lastkraftwagen usw. werden heute serielle Bussysteme eingesetzt, um den Verkabelungsaufwand und das Gewicht des Fahrzeugs zu reduzieren. In den daraus entstehenden Netzen sind elektronische Komponenten unterschiedlicher Hersteller miteinander verbunden. Deshalb mussen fur die Kommunikation dieser Komponenten offene Schnittstellen bereitgestellt werden, die auf entsprechenden Softwareschichten aufbauen.

The fast correlation attack described by Meier and Staffelbach on certain stream ciphers requires that the number of taps of the feedback polynomial must be small, typically less than ten. The attack can be extended to feedback polynomials with art arbitrary number of taps if an efficient algorithm is available to find low-weight polynomial multiples of the feedback polynomial. Given an arbitrary polynomial of degree k over GF(2),a method based on the “birthday paradox” can find weight-4 polynomial multiples of the polynomial having degree ≤ 2k/4. The computational complexity is O(2k/2), and a table size of 0(2k/2) is used. In this paper a technique based on Zech’s logarithm, using a significantly smaller table size but at the cost of increased computational complexity, is described. It is shown that weight-4 polynomials of degree O(2k/3) can be found requiring a table size of O(2k/3) and computational complexity O(2k/3) +DL[O(2 k/3)] where the second term denotes the complexity of computing discrete logarithms in GF(2k) of O(2k/3) field elements. If weight-4 polynomials of degree ≤ O(2 k/4 ) are sought, the table size is O(23k/8) and the computational complexity O(23k/8)+DL[0(2 3k/8 )].To find the discrete logarithm of field elements the use of Coppersmith’s algorithm is suggested.

The Broadband-ISDN allows the integration of arbitrary type traffic such as voice, video, image and data with constant or variable bitrates. B-ISDN is based on the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), by which small packets of constant size (cells) are multiplexed, switched and transmitted on the basis of an established virtual connection. The favorable technique is flexible to accept a variety of services differing in source traffic characteristics. The ATM technique causes, however, a set of serious traffic control and grade of service problems which have to be mastered before such networks are put into operation. Thus, worldwide activities on that subject can be observed.

High speed networks appear as High Speed Local Area and Metropolitan Area Networks (HSLAN, MAN) and as the future B-ISDN based on the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). Both network types reveal considerable differences with respect to their extension, protocol architecture, switching, and traffic control. B-ISDN is considered as the wide area technology not only for new video type applications but in particular as high speed data backbone interconnecting LAN/MAN. The contribution reviews the principal service types, multiplexing and switching concepts, architectural structures of LAN/MAN and ATM networks and their interworking scenarios based on leased channels, virtual connection, virtual path, MAN switching, and connectionless service function concepts. The contribution concludes with the identification of the key modelling and traffic engineering aspects.

Wilson's disease is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disorder due to a disturbance of copper metabolism. Although the primary genetic defect is not known a longlife treatment is necessary for establishing a negative copper balance by removing the metal of the abnormal body stores. Experiences in handling with this disease in our country over a period of 20 years are reported. Especially epidemiologic findings, the diagnostic procedures and the strategies in therapeutic regimes are discussed. Future advances in genomic diagnostics are mentioned.

Long term platelet transfusion support often results in alloimmunization of the recipients and refractoriness to further platelet transfusions. Crossmatch tests between the recipients' serum and the donor platelets offer a potential solution to this problem. In the present study, 207 donor-recipient pairs were studied in 65 patients. We compared four assays (LCT, PAIFT, ELISA and MAIPA) in their ability to predict the response in patients receiving multiple platelet transfusions. All four techniques showed a similar predictability of transfusion outcome (79-80%). Of the four assays, the LCT had the highest specificity (100%) and the PAIFT had the highest sensitivity (70%). In comparison to the three other techniques, the MAIPA assay, a glycoproteinspecific immunoassay, offers the possibility to distinguish between HLA-specific (cytotoxic and noncytotoxic) and platelet-specific antibodies in the same serum specimens. Our results demonstrate that HLA antibodies are the major cause of platelet transfusion refractoriness. Platelet specific (i.e. anti-Zwb) and ABO antibodies are involved in approximately 10%.

A multitude of viral agents have been reported to exhibit an increased and/or modified pathogenicity in the immunocompromised host. Viral infections are of clinical importance mainly in individuals with severe defects in T cell-mediated immunity. In this group of patients infections with human herpesviruses – in particular human cytomegalovirus – and with polyomaviruses and adenoviruses cause significant morbidity and mortality. Since clinical symptoms of viral infections of the immunocompromised host frequently are non-specific, early diagnosis, prognostic estimations, and initiation and monitoring of antiviral treatment largely have to rely on laboratory methods for the direct, quantitative detection of viral agents.

In the Oriola depression of Southern Portugal near the town of Evora, field examinations revealed the presence of Tertiary sedimentary deposits that had the consistency of duricrusts. These duricrusts, occurring close to the land surface, were examined in the field as well as in the laboratory, with the objective of establishing their composition and formation. Micromorphological examinations showed that the duricrusts were composed of clasts of fine sand to fine gravel sizes cemented together by a matrix dominated by either palygorskite or carbonate. The matrix : clasts ratio varied from about 1 : 3 when the cement was carbonate, to 3 : 1 or higher when the matrix was palygorskite. Occasionally the ratio in the latter was even higher. The clasts consisted of quartz, feldspar, and some Mg-rich metamorphic minerals. The palygorskite matrix fibres were arranged in mats within which they had parallel orientation. The mats or ‘domains’, which had a length of 15–25 □m and a width of about 40 □m, showed random orientation. In analogy to the term ‘calcrete’ the term ‘palycrete’ is used for the palygorskite duricrusts. The palycrete, of an average thickness of 0.5 m, frequently rested directly on the Hercynian basement rocks, and was covered by a recent solum. In the B horizons of the solum, the palygorskite appeared to undergo recent weathering and transformation into smectite. The duricrusts were proposed to have formed by authigenic calcite or palygorskite, which filled the interstices between clastic particles that had been deposited on Hercynian basement rocks following their peneplanation in the early Tertiary. The proposed environment of deposition and formation was that of an intermittent playa-lake in a semi-arid, seasonal climate, where strong evaporative processes had been active. Alteration and weathering of the mafic minerals contained in some of the clasts, in addition to interstitial solutions rich in Si and Mg, had created the chemical environment required for palygorskite neoformation. From the state of weathering–disintegration of the palygorskite in the soils formed on the palycrete, it is inferred that the environment for palygorskite neoformation had ceased to exist after palycrete formation.

Visible light scattering as well as absorption measurements have been made on sputtered Ta2O5 single layers with changing the optical thickness of the film. Comparison of the results experimentally observed with those obtained from theory allowed conclusions to be drawn with respect to the dominant origins of scattering and absorption losses.

Higher loading rates are expected to have a disadvantageous influence on fracture parameters. This opinion derives probably from experience with ductile-cleavage transition whose temperature increases with increasing loading rate. As far as results on the influence of loading rate on crack resistance are published in the literature they show mostly increasing initiation values as well as increasing crack resistance with increasing loading rate. The paper deals with the influence of loading rate on fracture resistance of notched and precracked ISO-V-specimens measured on different materials. The crack resistance of notched specimens has been determined in analogy to that one of the precracked specimens. The influence of loading rate was separately investigated with regard to initiation as well as to tearing modulus. The results demonstrate that the ratio of dynamic to quasi-static values decreases with increasing toughness, the initiation values for dynamic loading may drop at high toughness below those for quasi-static loading, the slope of the crack resistance curve for dynamic loading is mostly larger than for quasi-static loading and the ISO-V-specimens fall well into line with the results of valid tests.

Aromatic Structure Type Analysis of Hydrotreated Petroleum Fractions by U.V.-Spectroscopy 20 K boiling cuts were produced from hydrotreated petroleum products by means of distillation. From such close fractions, defined pure aromatic types can be separated by preparative elution adsorption chromatography (EAC) on dual-packed (Silicagel-Alumina gel) columns. The extinction coefficients of the various separated types are measured at suitable wave lengths and used for calculating the average extinction coefficients of aromatic types for wide boiling fractions. Utilizing these values on quantitative u.v.-analysis of technical hydrotreated products, the results correspond well with those of EAC and 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Zwischen der Analytik einerseits und der Verarbeitungstechnologie des Erdols andererseits besteht eine enge Wechselbeziehung. Insbesondere stellt die zunehmende Bedeutung der hochsiedenden Erdolbestandteile fur die Erzeugung von leicht- und mittelsiedenden Produkten wachsende Anforderungen an die Analytik. Als Beitrag dazu soll hier eine UV-spektroskopische Methode zur Bestimmung des Aromatengehaltes sowie der Aromatenstrukturtypenverteilung in hydroraffinierten Erdolprodukten im Siedebereich 433–773 K vorgestellt werden. Grundlage fur eine UV-spektroskopische Mehrkomponentenanalyse ist die genaue Kenntnis der Extinktionskoeffizienten, wobei fur n-Komponenten mindestens n Messtellen erforderlich sind, an welchen die Extinktionskoeffizienten der Einzelkomponenten bekannt oder bestimmbar sein mussen. Dieses klassische Verfahren wurde auch bereits fur die Aromatenstrukturtypenanalyse von Erdolfraktionen angewandt, z.B. in [1–3]. Bei der Benutzung dieser Arbeiten haben wir allerdings erhebliche Abweichungen zu den Ergebnissen anderer Methoden (1H-NMR-Spektroskopie und Elutions-Adsorptions-Chromatographie) erhalten. Wir fuhren das darauf zuruck, das die verwendeten Extinktionskoeffizienten die zu analysierenden Strukturtypen ungenugend reprasentieren. Mit der allgemein zur Praparation reiner Strukturtypen eingesetzten Elutions-Adsorptions-Chromatographie ist eine genugend scharfe Trennung der einzelnen Typen bei Einsatz breiter Siedeschnitte auch kaum moglich. Davon ausgehend, wurden eigene Untersuchungen auf der Basis von 20 K-Siedeschnitten durchgefuhrt, deren Ergebnisse hier mitgeteilt werden sollen.

The correlation between Charpy upper shelf energy and crack resistance was investigated by means of instrumented impact tests (ISO-V specimens) and fracture mechanics tests (CT specimens) using four different steels. The strict definition of the Rice J-integral was not applied to the ISO-V specimens. Defining J as the first derivative of deformation energy, it was possible to obtain crack resistance curves of ISO-V specimens and CT specimens. This correlation has been obtained in steels of yield strength between 365 and 480 N/mm2 and is independent of the material. The mechanical basis of this relation can be understood in terms of the criterion for ductile fracture. 60 to 80% of the upper shelf energy is consumed by stable crack growth according to these experiments. The upper shelf energy is useful as a screening test for crack resistance curves. More definite crack resistance values can be estimated from instrumented impact test carried out in dependence on temperature. It seems to be possible to estimate the required upper shelf energy to be specified in regulations with respect to ductile failure safety on the basis of materials mechanics.

The possibility of a rapid diagnosis of adenovirus conjunctivitis was studied by demonstrating genus-specific adenovirus hexon antigen or antihexon IgA antibodies in conjunctival secretions by an ELISA. Hexon was found in 44% of about 100 patients with adenovirus conjunctivitis, proven by virus isolation, antihexon in 53%, either one or both in 69% of the conjunctival swabs from the acute phase. Hexon was found in the acute phase more frequently, antihexon in the convalescent phase. In patients with conjunctivitis of different etiology no hexon was found, whereas antihexon IgA was found in a few cases.

Es wurden 72 Fernrontgenprofilaufnahmen von unbehandelten Probanden im Alter von 18 bis 35 Jahren mit anatomisch korrekten Gebisverhaltnissen ausgewertet. Die Verteilung von mannlichen und weiblichen Probanden betrug 65,3% zu 34,7%. Mittelwert und Struung des Kondylusinzisalwinkels nachStuart werden bestatigt. Fur die Angaben vonRicketts finden sich jedoch funf deutlich abweichende Ergebnisse; es scheint also nicht moglich, Werte aus derRicketts-Analyse ohne weiteres auf eine andere Population zu ubertragen. Mit Hilfe der univariaten Varianzanalyse konnte der Einflus von Alter und Geschlecht ausgeschlossen und eine Fraktionierung der Patienten nach den drei vonRicketts angegebenen Gesichtstypen erreicht werden, die sich durch neue Mittelwerte mit geringerer Standardabweichung auszeichneten. Durch die Diskriminanzanalyse wurden anschliesend die Variablen Untergesichtshohe, Gesichtstiefe, Fazialachsenwinkel, Asthetikebene,\(\left. {\overline {\, 7 \,}}\! \right| \) zu A-PO und\(\left. {\underline {\, 1 \,}}\! \right| \) zu Xi-Punkt als maximal typtrennend bestimmt. Die errechneten Streuungen der Einzelvariablen liegen einerseits im Bereich des methodischen und subjektiven Mesfehlers, andererseits erscheinen sie noch immer sehr gros fur die Aufgabenstellung der rekonstruktiven Zahneilkunde. Die Werte fur die Frontzahngruppe erweisen den unteren Inzisivus als stabiler in seiner Position und nicht typspezifisch im Gegensatz zum oberen Schneidezahn. Die Korrelationen fur die Frontzahnmeswerte sind zwar statisch relevant, aber fur die praktische Aufgabenstellung nicht verwendbar. So erscheint auch die Anwendung des Kephalogramms weiterhin vorrangig da indiziert, wo in Zusammenarbeit von Kieferorthopaden, Gnathologen und Kieferchirurgen ausgedehnte rekonstruktive Behandlungen erforderlich werden.

Different definitions of the Bjorken limit are compared. Only for sufliciently smooth « scaling functions » are the three definitions equivalent. Singularities in the timelike region do not contribute in the suitably defined limit. The contribution of an arbitrary singularity in the Bjorken limit is given.

Absorption measurements performed by means of photoacoustic absorption (PAA)-technique in wedge-shaped TiO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 , and ZrO 2 single-layer films at λ=488 nm, 515 nm, and 647 nm permit a separate determination of bulk and interface absorption, respectively. For TiO 2 and Ta 2 O 5 films investigated the film-substrate interface absorption A fs dominates over the air-film interface absorption A af' whereas for evaporated ZrO 2 films both the interface contributions are nearly the same. In addition, preliminary results concerned with the wavelength dependence of the absorption of the films investigated are presented Emploi de la methode photoacoustique pour les mesures d'absorption a 488, 515 et 647 nm de couches minces de TiO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 et ZrO 2 en forme de coin. Pour TiO 2 et Ta 2 O 5 , observation d'une absorption due a l'interface couche mince-support superieure a celle de l'interface air-couche mince, et de l'egalite de ces contributions pour ZrO 2 . Resultats preliminaires sur l'influence de la longueur d'onde

Worldwide surveys on the nucleon component intensity distributions of cosmic radiation showed consistent results with the calculations of vertical magnetic cutoff rigidities both by Rothwell and by Quenby and Wenk. The calculations of Quenby and Wenk are the least accurate in a region over the North Atlantic, where Pomerantz and Agarwal found the theoretical cutoff rigidities too low by as much as 2 gv, and in a region around Cape Town, for which Pomerantz and Agarwal found consistent results for a crossing at fairly low latitude. In the present investigation the higher-latitude region around Cape Town was investigated by an airborne standard neutron monitor at 640 g/cm2, and the lines of equal cosmic-ray intensities were compared with the lines of equal cutoff rigidities calculated according to the geomagnetic theories of Stormer, Rothwell, and Quenby and Wenk. Close agreement was found with the theory of Quenby and Wenk, and compatibility with other theories is excluded statistically within 90 per cent confidence limits. The intensity-latitude curve along 18°35′E geographic longitude showed no ‘knee’ effect below 40.5°S geomagnetic latitude, whereas Kodama has found a knee at about 35.4°S at sea level. This is discussed in view of the Cape Town magnetic anomaly, but no explanation can be given of this controversial result.

Es wurde gefunden, das bei den Farbreaktionen, die die tricyclischen Psychopharmaka mit konzentrierter Schwefelsaure geben, nur die Phenothiazin- und Acridanderivate unter Radikalbildung reagieren. Bei zahlreichen anderen Derivaten sind die auftretenden Farbungen auf die Bildung von Carboniumionen zuruckzufuhren. Dies wurde insbesondere durch NMR-Spektroskopie bei den Thioxanthenen, Dihydroanthracenen, Dibenzo-oxepinen und Dibenzo-cycloheptadienen bewiesen. Keine Farbungen gaben die untersuchten Dibenzoazepine. Colour Reactions of Tricyclic Psychopharmaca It was found that in colour reactions which tricyclic psychopharmaca give with concentrated sulphuric acid, only the derivatives of phenothiazine and acridane react under formation of radicals. The colours of other derivatives are caused by carbonium ions. This was especially proved by NMR spectroscopy of the thioxanthenes, dihydroanthracenes, dibenzo-oxepines and dibenzo-cycloheptadienes. The examined dibenzoazepines gave no colour with sulphuric acid.

The completeness of the spectrum of the translation generatorsPμ is investigated in the framework of the Gupta-Bleuler formalism of QED. From the self-adjointness ofPμ one concludes that the photon spectral function ϱμν is a measure. This latter property is proved in perturbation theory. The low-energy behaviour of ϱμν is exhibited.

A proof is presented that the energy‐transfer ratios of the various elastic‐wave modes reflected and transmitted at a plane boundary between two media are symmetrical and equal to the product of the forward‐ and backward‐reflection coefficients. This relationship is shown to hold for several types of lossless boundary conditions at a solid‐solid interface.

Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt einen Beitrag zu der Frage dar, ob Trichomonaden durch direkte Einflusnahme auf Spermatozoen eine Fertilitatsstorung herbeifuhren konnen und ob Trichomonaden zur Storung einer Schwangerschaft fuhren konnen. Es ergab sich, das Trichomonas vaginalis und Trichomonas foetus, welche beide bakterienfrei gezuchtet wurden, in unterschiedlichem Mase Fructose und Glucose verbrauchen und damit auch pH-Anderungen im Sinne einer Sauerung erzeugen. Bei Kombination von Trichomonaden und Spermatozoen fand sich im allgemeinen ein additiver Verbrauchseffekt, jedoch verbrauchte Trichomonas foetus zusammen mit Sperma nicht mehr Glucose als Trichomonas foetus allein. Hieraus, ebenso wie aus der Tatsache, das Trichomonas vaginalis und Trichomonas foetus Glucose und das Trichomonas foetus Fructose verbraucht, ergibt sich die Moglichkeit der Beeintrachtigung des Energiestoffwechsels der Spermatozoen. Hinzu tritt als Schadigungseffekt die Milieuanderung und fraglich eine toxische Wirkung der Trichomonaden. Eine Schadigung der Spermatozoen durch Trichomonaden last sich auch durch die Anteile ortsbeweglicher und unbeweglicher Spermatozoen bei Gegenwart von Trichomonaden nachweisen. Fruchtwasseruntersuchungen ergaben, das bei vaginaler Fruchtwassergewinnung reichlich Trichomonaden nachzuweisen waren, welche indessen auf sekundarer Verunreinigung durch die Scheide beruhen konnen. An sich ist Fruchtwasser ein gutes Nahrmedium fur Trichomonaden. Aus Placenta- und Eihautteilen, aus Abortmaterial einschlieslich der Organe abortierter Feten konnten keine Trichomonaden gezuchtet werden. Wahrend somit eine Beeintrachtigung der Fertilitat durch Trichomonaden nicht auszuschliesen ist, besteht kein Anhalt fur das Vorliegen von Schwangerschaftsstorungen durch Trichomonaden.

The binding energy of an adatom on a (011) face of a bcc crystal is calculated using Morse or Mie potential models considering normal and tangential relaxation. For the position of minimum potential energy of an adatom and also the atoms of the outer lattice plane, two types of solutions are found. However one solution must be excluded due to theoretical considerations and experimental facts. This leads to a criterion which limits the use of crystal potentials in such calculations. The study shows the existence of a relation between adatom position, crystal growth and structure stability.

The generation and reception of ultrasonic waves are discussed with the aim to improve existing wedge‐type angle probes used for nondestructive testing. A number of wedge materials are discussed, and it is shown that constructions using separate transducers for the generation of shear waves and reception of compressional waves in the wedge yield a higher echo‐transmission factor, larger signal‐to‐noise ratio, and a larger monitor signal than constructions using one transducer only.

Electrostatic force sum rules and — more generally — Pauli-Hellman-Feynman theorems are of invaluable help to assess the accuracy of results obtained after very extended numerical calculations. Whereas the use of one sort of sum rules is straightforward the use of others, referring explicitly to numerical derivatives, is not. We show in this Communication for the simple example of a jellium particle how we can make best use of “derivative-sum-rules” with a minimum of additional computational effort.

Carnitine deficiency syndromes can be classified into two groups: primary carnitine deficiency and secondary carnitine deficiency syndromes. A lipid storage myopathy with carnitine deficiency following an immunosuppressive therapy is described in a young man suffering from a possible polymyositis. After treatment with L-carnitine both biochemical and morphological features recovered. A secondary carnitine deficiency syndrome due to an immunosuppressive therapy is supposed.