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The relationships among estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity demonstrated by histochemical technique were studied in 85 cases of primary breast cancer. The ER positive rate was 71.8% and the PgR positive rate was 54.1%. A close correlation was obtained between the PgR and ER positivity or the semiquantitative grades. The G6PD activity in ER or PgR positive group was higher than that in the negative group. Moreover, the elevated G6PD activity was also correlated with the increased semiquantitative grades of ER or PgR. Our findings support the views that both PgR and G6PD are proteins induced by estrogen and may represent markers of functional ER in breast cancer. This suggests that simultaneous assay of ER, PgR and/or G6PD activity may be more reliable to predict the hormone dependence of the tumor.

A general spin-wave theory for the low-dimensional quantum spiral magnets with a constraint introduced by Takahashi is presented. We show that this theory can reproduce the main results of the conventional spin-wave theory for Heisenberg magnetic systems without frustrations. For the triangular lattice spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet and the frustrated square lattice Heisenberg models, the present theory yields results different from those of the conventional spin-wave theory but in agreement with those of recent numerical simulations for small lattices.

Rage reaction was induced in mice by sc 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) 6 mg . kg-1. Mice appeared hyperreactive after 8-12 min and then squeaked and fought each other. These manifestations were most distinct in 10-30 min and subsided after 40-60 min. The occurrence of rage reaction on this dose level was around 90%. At higher doses 4-AP caused convulsions and death after evocation of rage reaction. The ED50 of 4-AP for eliciting rage reaction was 4.7 +/- 0.7 mg . kg-1 sc. No significant difference in induction of rage reaction was seen between male and female mice of different body weights. Both neuroleptic drugs (chlorpromazine, haloperidol, tarden and clozapine) and anxiolytic drugs (diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, and meprobamate) inhibited 4-AP-induced rage reaction in mice. Barbiturates, Chloral hydrate, methaqualone, morphine hydrochloride, aspirin, phenytoin sodium, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, atropine sulfate, and procaine hydrochloride did not affect rage reaction. The 4-AP-induced aggressive behavior, similar to that induced by electric footshock or isolation, has the merits of convenience to deal with and time saving. Hence we recommended it as a screening method for drugs with neuroleptic and anxiolytic activities.

Clinically, 32 cases of intrahepatic cholestasis and 30 cases of severe chronic hepatitis with a bilirubin level higher than 171 mumol/L were studied. The results showed that bilirubin was 420 mumol/L in the first group, and 480 mumol/L in the second group (P greater than 0.05); TXB2 was 306 pg/ml and 271 pg/ml (P greater than 0.05) while PGF1 alpha was 253 pg/ml and 494 pg/ml (P less than 0.05) respectively, both were higher than their normal values (P less than 0.01). The cases were divided into acute, moderate and severe types according to their pathological lesions. Experimentally, intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis and necrotic liver tissues were induced by ANIT, ligation of common bile duct, and carbon tetrachloride respectively. Bilirubin was 629 mumol/L, 124.8 mumol/L, and lower than 17.1 mumol/L (P less than 0.01); plasma TXB2 was 634 pg/ml, 1036 pg/ml, and 239 pg/ml (P less than 0.01); PGF1 alpha was 186 pg/ml, 218 pg/ml, and 868 pg/ml (P less than 0.01) in the three groups respectively. No statistic difference was found in their TXB2 and PGF1 alpha. Our studies suggested that plasma TXB2 and PGF1 alpha in the liver was not related to the severity of liver lesions. TXB2 and PGF1 alpha are positively correlated with the increase of bilirubin while TXB2 is negatively correlated with PGF1 alpha, which might serve as an index for cholestasis, and be a cause for deepening jaundice.

La theorie classique de l'onde de spin ne peut fournir un diagramme de phases correct pour l'antiferromagnetique frustre a reseau carre. Presentation d'une theorie de l'onde de spin modifiee analogue a la theorie recente de Takahashi du modele de Heisenberg bidimensionnel sans frustre. Obtention d'un nouveau diagramme de phases dans lequel il n'existe aucun etat de liquide de spin pour S=1/2. Les resultats sont en bon accord avec ceux des simulations numeriques recentes pour de petits reseaux

When 40 mg/kg of 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin (DMOC) was given (ip) 15 min before sc cyclophosphamide (Cy), the LD50/7 d of Cy would be raised from 166 +/- 9 (100-245) to 294 +/- 4 (250-346) mg/kg (dose reduction factor 1.78) in Wistar rat. The 7 d survival rate of mice intoxicated by Cy was raised to 26.7%. To give 100 mg/(kg.d) of DMOC for 5 or 24 days, it prevented the chronic toxicity of Cy prolonged the life-span, elevated the 30 d survival rate of rats intoxicated by Cy to 45.3 and 42.5%, respectively. DMOC increased the WBC, weight of thymus and body of rats and mice intoxicated by Cy; raised colony-forming unit and reduced high plasma corticosterone of mice intoxicated by Cy. It also increased the RNA and DNA of bone marrow, liver and spleen. DMOC in combination with Cy did not reduce the antitumor effect of Cy.

We have developed a new method of probing superconducting pairing state symmetry, by using tricrystal devices analogous tos-d corner junctions. Two central peaks are observed in the field-modulated critical currents of frustrated YBCO tricrystal junctions operating in the short junction limit, consistent with predominantly $$d_{x^2 - y^2 } $$ — wave pairing symmetry with little or no imaginarys-wave component. However, our results are consistent with a real combination of larged-wave and smalls-wave components. A single peak is also observed for frustrated tricrystal junctions operating in the long junction limit, and it is shown theoretically that the behaviors ofs- andd-wave superconductors are indistinguishable in this limit.

We derive microscopically the Ginzburg-Landau equations of a d-wave superconductor. The structure of a single vortex in such a superconductor is determined by solving these equations. The most interesting feature of the vortex structure is the opposite winding s-wave component induced near the vortex core. Far away from the center of the vortex core, the winding of s-wave component becomes more complicated and the magnitude shows strong anisotropy.

The properties of a one-dimensional 0-π-Josephson junction, consiting of ans-d junction or selected boundaries between three suitably orientedd-wave superconductors, are studied. It is shown that ad-wave type interference pattern can only be observed in the field-modulated critical current if the junction is short compared to the Josephson penetration depth. However, the behavior of a 0-π junction is found to be indistinguishable from that of a 0-junction betweens-wave superconductors in the long junction limit, due to the formation of a π-vortex.

The authors report ab initio calculations on the H, C, Si cluster molecules Si2H6, C2H6, SiH3CH3, Si5H12, (SiH3)4C, (CH3)4Si and C5H12. The method involved the use of pseudopotentials to replace the Si core. Total energy differences show that, at least at the SCF level of theory, Coulombic stabilisation largely compensates for loss of maximal overlap, thus rendering the C-Si bond very slightly stable against disproportionation. The orbital energy changes and charge populations imply that bonding differences can be understood very largely in terms of local interactions, so that the delocalisation properties occurring in silanes must arise from second-order interactions involving relatively low-lying excited states. The tetrasilyl methane molecule is predicted to be rather stable.

Experimental evidence of light induced drift of sodium atoms in absence of wall adsorption is here reported. The adsorption energy is reduced down to ∼ 0.1 eV by coating the cell with a thin and transparent film of silane which lowers the adsorption time to ∼ 10 -12 s and inhibits the formation of a sodium monolayer. The drift velocity is evaluated to be in agreement with the theoretical calculations.

This paper introduces a new synthesis method, based on a computation method for solving H∞-optimization problem given by Glover (1986) and a technique ofjω-axis shifting, for designing an H∞-optimal robust controller for the MIMO system. With this method we can optimize the excess stability margin under the requirement that all the poles of the nominal closed-loop system (Cl-system) be located left of the jω-axis with a required distance d and ensure asymptotic regulation and disturbance rejection for a class of system input and disturbance if the plant perturbation does not exceed the excess stability margin. Another advantage is that there are not any constraints on the poles and zeros of the plant when using this method

The equilibrium constants and kinetics for the complexing of aqueous iron(m) by 2,3- dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and 1,2-dihydroxy-3~-benzenedisulfo~te (Tiron) have been studied with iron(IIl) in excess over ligand. Formation constant comparisons indicate that DHB complexes in a mode analogous to salicylate. The reaction rate has the hydrogen ion dependence typical for iron(m) complexation, but there is an unusual contribution from a term second order in irm(III). The DHB-iron(III) complex shows a subsequent redox reaction with the rate first order in iron(IU) and inverse second order in iron(II). The mechanistic implications for the redox mechanism are described.

The electronic structure of Al3V vs its two different crystal structures (DO22 and Ll2) were investigated using local density total energy approach. The calculated results of the total energy showed that in Al3V the tetragonal DO22 phase is energetically favored as compared to the cubic Ll2 phase, the total energy in the former case is about 60 mRy/F.U. lower than that in the later case. The calculated lattice constant (a=3.72 Å, c=8.20 Å) is in fairly good agreement with experiment (a=3.778 Å, c=8.326 Å),and the bulk modulus (1.3 Mbar) is comparable with the experimental Young modulus (150 GPa) for Al3Ti. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that the density of states at EF in the tetragonal DO22 phase (0.14 states/eV-F.U.) is about one order magnitude smaller than that in the Ll2 phase (2.89 states/eV-F.U.). The electronic structure of Al3V seems to be fairly satisfactory in explaining its phase stability.

The frequencies of chromosomal aberration (CA) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 21 lead-exposed workers from a battery factory were studied, and their blood lead (Pb-B) levels were determined. The results demonstrated that when the mean Pb-B level reached 50 micrograms/dl, the CA percentage increased significantly compared with that of the nonexposed controls. The CA percentage increased as the mean Pb-B level increased, showing a dose-effect relationship. When the mean Pb-B level was as high as 80 micrograms/dl, the rate of SCE in the lymphocyte was also increased significantly, but no correlation was observed between these two parameters. On the basis of such results, lead should be considered an agent harmful to the human chromosome.

The light-induced-drift (LID) effect has been experimentally studied in specially coated capillary cells which manifest a negligible atom-wall interaction. This property permits a rapid evolution of LID and makes possible an experimental study of the stationary states as a function of different laser tunings and laser power densities. The light-induced density profile along the major axis of the cell has been analyzed. The experimental features are qualitatively reproduced by a two-level theory.

It is here described a very long cavity dye-laser (maximum length about 18 m ) obtained by modifying a commercial dye-laser ( Coherent Radiation mod. 599 ). Its main property is to cover with continuity the atomic -molecular inhomogeneously Doppler broadened line having a longitudinal mode separation comparable to the homogeneous absorption line. The spectral characteristics, the preliminary tests and the possible applications of this kind of laser are presented.

There is more and more the growing recognition that technological advances depend strongly on a thorough understanding of the thermodynamic, mechanical, and electronic properties of materials. These, in turn, depend on our predictive ability regarding these properties. Understanding the structure and stability of the phases of compounds and alloys is an area of vital importance to materials science and technology. Such an understanding is starting to emerge from our first steps into carrying out all-electron quantum mechanical investigations on materials of aerospace interest. Briefly put, our emphasis has been on obtaining an understanding of the effects of alloying on bonding, crystal structure and phase stability of structural materials and to use this information to help design new alloy systems — in close collaboration with experimental efforts at a number of laboratories. In this paper, a brief indication is given of the progress made in a number of illustrative areas.

The purpose of the 3rd national population census, taken 18 years after "New China's" 2nd census, was to ascertain accurate population figures for China and the spatial population distribution in order to carry out socialist modernization, improve the people's material and cultural lives, and draw up a population policy and program in light of China's actual conditions. The census questionnaire contained 19 items, including 13 for individuals; and 6 items about the household. Preparations for the census began at the end of 1979 even though the census would not begin until July 1, 1982. The preparatory stage included: drafting the Census Statute; conducting pilot censuses in certain areas; rectifying household registration; installing computers; training computer technicians; convening national census work conference and similar conferences at various levels; selecting and training field census workers; printing census forms; and conducting widespread publicity. Pilot censuses were conducted at central, provincial, and county levels in order to draw useful experience for the nationwide census. A large number of census workers were selected and trained. Among them were about a million staff members working in census offices at various levels, 1000 computer technical personnel, 4000 data entry personnel, 100,000 coders, and 1 million census supervisors. 8 million cadres and volunteers at the grassroots actively helped conduct the census. Enumeration and verification was completed between July 1 and July 15, 1982. The postenumeration check on a sample basis showed only a net overcount of 0.15/1000 with an overcount of 0.71/1000 and an undercount of 0.56/1000. All levels of the government, the Communist Party, Trade Unions, and Women's Federations were mobilized to take part in the census, and all mass media were utilized. All census information will be finally tabulated by computers before the end of 1984, and census reports will be compiled and submitted to the State Council for examination before they are published.

The cytostatic effects of triptolide on HeLa cells in different proliferation stages and cell cycle phases were studied by colony-forming units assay. An exposure of exponential-phase cells to triptolide 0.02-4.00 micrograms/ml for 0.5 h resulted in a biphasic-exponential dose-survival curve (n = 1, D0 = 0.3 micrograms/ml in the most sensitive population; D0 = 2.8 micrograms/ml in the more resistant population). The plateau-phase cells in the same conditions seemed to have lower sensitivity to the drug. The synchronized cells caused by excess TdR double block and the selective detachment of mitotic cells from monolayer were exposed to triptolide 0.06 micrograms/ml for 0.5 h. The sensitivity of cell cycle phases to the drug ranked as follows: S greater than G2, M greater than G1. The result showed that triptolide is one of the cell cycle phase non-specific agents, but more sensitive to S phase cells.