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A 2.2‐m Rowland‐circle grazing‐incidence monochromator with a fixed entrance slit and a fixed grating, has been installed on the beamline BL8B1 at UVSOR, in which the axis of the monochromatized beam is unchanged for the wavelength scanning. Two gratings are interchangeable in vacuum. The designed useful region is 20–200 A with a 2400/mm grating, but the actual useful region was 50–200 A. At 100 A, 1010/s output photons were obtained with a resolution of 10−3. The horizontal width of the beam at the sample position was about 5 mm, while the vertical width was between 0.5 and 3 mm.

A grazing incidence constant deviation monochromator with a spherical concave grating was fabricated for use with undulator radiation. It has a simple scanning mechanism with fixed entrance and exit slits, as well as fixed directions of incident and exit beams. It has been installed into an undulator beamline at IMS. Synchrotron radiation from a bending section also can be introduced into the monochromator by using premirrors. The energy resolution of the monochromator is better than 70 meV at the photon energy of 94 eV with 10‐μm slits, when the bending magnet synchrotron radiation is used. The spot size of the zeroth‐order light is 1.5(v)×2.0(h) mm2 at the distance of 1.85 m behind a postmirror. The photon flux of the undulator radiation behind the exit slit is approximately 1×1012 photons/s at the peak, when both the entrance and exit slits are 100 μm (ΔE=0.08 eV) and the stored current is 50 mA.

Sixty-eight children with contracture of the deltoid muscle (82 shoulders) were treated operatively. These cases showed a minimum angle of 25 degrees of abduction in the resting position. The postoperative course with a minimum follow-up of 5 years was analyzed in 40 cases (49 shoulders). Abduction contracture of the shoulder joint completely disappeared after surgery in 23 shoulders (47%), and winging of the scapula disappeared in 39 shoulders (78%). The angle of horizontal adduction was restored in 14 shoulders (41%) postoperatively. Contracture recurred in only three shoulders (6%).

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has recently been localized in salivary, pancreatic, and Brunner's glands in humans, but little is known about its release and its action on gastric secretion. This study, performed on healthy subjects, was designed to determine the release of immunoreactive EGF in plasma and in salivary and gastric secretions under basal conditions and after modified sham feeding (MSF), ordinary feeding, and infusion of pentagastrin without and with addition of exogenous recombinant human EGF (hEGF). Under basal conditions the EGF concentrations in plasma and salivary and gastric secretions were 52 +/- 8 pg/ml, 2.5 +/- 0.3 ng/ml, and 0.12 +/- 0.03 ng/ml, respectively. MSF and ordinary feeding increased significantly EGF plasma level and salivary output but not gastric EGF output, and atropinization failed to effect these plasma and salivary EGF responses to MSF. Intravenous infusion of pentagastrin increased both plasma and salivary but not gastric EGF, and addition of exogenous hEGF in graded doses (0.25-1.0 micrograms/kg) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the plasma level of EGF and in significant inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin outputs. The increment in plasma EGF, which resulted in significant inhibition of gastric secretion, was several times greater than that observed after MSF or feeding. EGF infused in a constant dose (0.12 or 1.0 micrograms/kg-h) resulted in an increment in plasma EGF similar to that observed after MSF alone.

Extract: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of thalidomide on oxygenation of maternal and fetal brain tissue. Oxygen availability (O2a) was determined Polarographically using acutely and chronically implanted Pt and AgCl electrodes. Partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) was measured polarographically in vitro from blood samples, and blood flow was determined in vivo by the hydrogen diffusion rate method. Thalidomide increased concentrations of O2a in the brain of adult guinea pigs and fetuses by an average of 33 and 200%, respectively. Simultaneously, jugular venous blood pO2 was increased, and arterial-venous (A-V) difference of O2 content, blood flow, and O2 consumption were decreased. Arterial blood pO2, pH and hemoglobin levels, body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure were not affected by thalidomide. Niacinamide or hydrocortisone administered 30 to 60 min before the injection of thalidomide either decreased or prevented the thalidomide-induced response. Speculation: It is postulated that thalidomide (or its metabolites) decreases cellular oxygen consumption by interfering with intermediary energy metabolism, and that this in turn could lead to developmental anomalies of the organism.

A 600 MeV electron storage ring whose nickname is UVSOR (Ultra Violet Synchrotron Orbital Radiation) was constructed at Institute for Molecular Science to be a synchrotron radiation source for the research of molecular science and its related fields. New light sources, a permanent magnet undulator and a wiggler were installed in the ring. The undulator has 35 periods and its maximum magnetic field is 0.3 T . The maximum magnetic field of the wiggler is 4 T. Electron beam could be injected and stored in the ring when these devices were excited with the maximum magnetic fields, individually. Results of the measurement of the magnetic field distributions of them, and tune shifts and closed orbit distortions due to them are presented.

It was found for the first time that an evaporated amorphous photoconductive layer of selenium produced the phenomenon of avalanche multiplication, and an amorphous photoconductive layer was used as the target in an experimental camera tube. The camera tube shows high sensitivity, greatly in excess of a quantum efficiency of unity, the upper limit of the sensitivity of a conventional blocking target layer. Deterioration of lag and resolution characteristics were hot observed. The noise produced by the avalanche mode was negligible. This experimental target layer is expected to prove especially suitable for high-performance camera tubes.

In order to develop extremely compact camera tubes which feature low power consumption comparable to solid-state imagers, we have developed an all-electrostatic camera tube based on electron optics characterized by a single-and-positive lens system composed of disk and cylinder electrodes. The new system was found to be very useful in producing compact high-performance camera tubes, due to its simple configuration and lack of negative lens component.

We report a case of lung metastatic tumor originated from submandibular osteosarcoma, which shows rare advancement and findings. This lung metastatic tumor advanced from left lower lung to left atrium through the left lower pulmonary vein, which penetrated to the left ventricle in the diastolic phase mimicking left atrial myxoma. 67Ga-citrate images showed that hot accumulation were recognized behind the heart in planar image and clear advancement from the lung to the heart in the SPECT image. 67Ga-citrate SPECT image should be available for cardiac tumors.

A perimeter was constructed, using red light-emitting diodes by remodeling a Foerster's perimeter, to test three time-dependent visual functions, ie, double flash resolution (DFR), which is the time threshold of double flash separation, critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF), which is the threshold of flicker separation and perceptual delay (PD), which is the difference in perception between two locations of the visual field. In 10 normal subjects, the DFR and CFF were determined in the center of the field and in 12 points in the paracentral field 10 degrees away from the center. The CFF value was lower in the center than in the paracentral field where no significant difference was found among various meridians. The DFR values showed a marked individual variation. The value was significantly higher in the upper and lower paracentral fields than in the nasal and temporal fields: the DFR in the center of the field showed no significant difference from the DFR in the nasal and temporal paracentral field. The PD was determined between the center and paracentral fields. Individual variation was small and no significant difference was found among the paracentral fields. These results in normal subjects offer a reference for clinical application of the present test methods for various diseases.

In order to elucidate the mechanism of left ventricular eccentric hypertrophy in conditions of volume overload, Tl-201 myocardial scintigraphy was performed patients with aortic valve regurgitation and mitral valve regurgitation. There was a good relationship between the severity of Tl-defects, as determined by Tl-201 myocardial scintigraphy, and the changes in the T wave on the ECG on the one hand and the NYHA functional classification of heart diseases. In 17 of 18 patients where LVDd increased with increasing severity of Tl-defects and the defects were moderate to severe, LVDd was 65 mm or larger. There was a significant negative correlation between the washout rate for the whole circumference of the left ventricle, as determined by exercise Tl-201 SPECT, and LVDd (r = -0.603, p less than 0.01). The phenomenon of redistribution as determined by exercise Tl-201 myocardial scintigraphy was observed relatively early. Our results suggest that mechanical volume overload and ischemic changes are involved in left ventricular wall damage in left ventricular eccentric hypertrophy. For patients with moderate to severe Tl-defects valve replacement is indicated, no matter whether they may have heart failure or arrhythmia.

T1-201 myocardial imaging and Tc-99m-HSA gated equilibrium ventriculography were performed in 1 infant and 11 children between 2 months old and 12 years old with myocarditis. The time of first evaluation was between 1 week and 13 months after the onset. Their clinical manifestations were congestive heart failure in 2 patients, pericardial effusion in 2 patients, syncope in 1 patient, convulsions in 1 patient and palpitations in 7 patients. Significant elevation of virus antibody titer was demonstrated in 6 patients. A perfusion defect was observed with T1-201 imaging in 9 of 12 patients with myocarditis. A right ventricular image was observed in 5 patients. A reduced LVEF was present in 4 patients and a reduced RVEF was found in 2 patients. Cardiac catheterization was performed in 8 patients and an endomyocardial biopsy was done in 7. The myocardial specimens revealed postmyocarditic pathological changes upon microscopic evaluation. No coronary artery obstructive or stenotic lesions were observed in these patients. T1-201 myocardial imaging is a useful non-invasive technique for evaluating the cardiac performance and myocardial damage in acute myocarditis and the postmyocarditic state. We conclude that T1-201 uptake of myocardium is dependent upon both regional coronary perfusion and the activity of myocardial cells in patients with myocarditis and in the postmyocarditic state.

Swanson's finger implant is being widely used to improve deformity of the thumb and finger and to restore function in the rheumatoid hand. Breakage of the implant and implant synovitis have been the most troublesome complications. The authors developed an alumina ceramic finger prosthesis to lessen these complications. This prosthesis was used for the metacarpophalangeal joint in 5 cases of flexion deformity of the thumb and in 21 cases (82 digits) with ulnar drift deformity. These cases were followed for 24-62 months (average, 38 months). Postoperative extension of the thumb was limited to 18 degrees and flexion was 48 degrees, on average. Postoperative range of motion was 30 degrees. The average limitation of extension of all digits was 18 degrees, and the average flexion was 54.5 degrees. The average range of motion was 36.5 degrees. Flexion deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb disappeared after operation, and ulnar drift was reduced to less than 10 degrees deviation in 87.8%. No dislocation or fracture of the prosthesis has been found on roentgenologic examination during short-term follow-up study. This prosthesis is useful for reducing deformity of the thumb and the finger in the rheumatoid hand. Postoperative extension of the metacarpophalangeal joint, however, has been unsatisfactory. The design of the prosthesis should be improved so that the rotational center of the metacarpophalangeal joint is located palmarly.

The authors have written a program to describe left ventricular (LV) regional wall motion (RWM) for a Tektronix 4051 graphic system and an MC68000, 32-bit word based microcomputer utilizing interactive graphics methods. Proper wall motion of 16 defined regions of the LV endocardial perimeter (RAO angiographic views) were computed from the magnitudes of fixed vectors fixed to analogous positions along the LV perimeter from end-diastole to end-systole (Figure 1). It was assumed that (1) LV contraction, tangential to the perimeter, produced RWM at large angles to the direction of contraction, and (2) LV contraction occurred uniformly along the anterolateral and posteromedial perimeters. All motion vectors were computed following digitization of the LV perimeters from projected images of 35-mm cineangiographic frames corrected for linear and nonlinear distortion. Digitization input was accurate to less than 0.3 mm and area computation demonstrated errors of less than 1.5%. A normal group (NG) without coronary artery (CA) disease (N = 31) defined a set of Gaussian distributed referent values for mean WM (magnitude of motion vectors) for all segments. WM amplitudes for the CA disease group (N = 125) demonstrated significant diviation in the areas supplied by occluded or stenosed coronary arteries. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the adequacy of coronary circulation and/or collateral vessel development could be made by inspection of WM amplitude computer plots. Proper WM was found to be highly specific for numbers and distribution of coronary arteries diseased.

Application for myocardial imaging and fundamental experiments were studied using straight chain fatty acid analog IPPA [omega-(p-iodophenyl)-pentadecanoic acid]. Biodistribution of IPPA in rabbits (n = 6) shows the accumulation in liver was maintained 81.0% at 30 minutes, while the accumulations of heart, lungs and kidneys were 30.0%, 10.0% and 15.0% respectively. Especially the accumulation of heart decreased rapidly from 48.0% at 3 minutes to 30.0% at 30 minutes, reflecting the effect of beta oxidation. On the other hand, in the acute myocardial infarction mode (n = 6), with occlusion in left anterior descending coronary artery, all 6 cases showed defect images at the corresponding areas after injection of 3 mCi of IPPA. Myocardial imaging with IPPA should be useful not only for myocardial metabolic diseases (cardiomyopathy etc.) but also for ischemic heart disease.

There are not many reports on pulmonary artery aneurysms in Japan. The prognosis of them is unfortunately poor, and surgical treatment should be needed in some cases. We report a case of central pulmonary artery aneurysm diagnosed by 99mTc-HSA angiography.

The therapeutic effect of intravenous injection of Urokinase (UK method) on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was studied and compared with the results of the therapeutic effect of PTCR + PTCA. The subjects comprise 108 cases with AMI, and a radioisotope examination was performed in the acute stage to calculate LVEF and Tl-defect ratio (Tl-DR). Measured by the UK method, Tl-DR in the group given 1.2 X 10(6) units of UK was 1.63 +/- 0.8, which was lower than the 2.4 +/- 1.33 for the group given 9.6 X 10(5) unit of UK, whereas a favorable therapeutic effect was obtained in both groups compared to 3.5 +/- 2.5 in the control group. In the group given UK within 6 hours after the onset of AMI, favorable results were obtained for LVEF (44.5 +/- 11.2%) and Tl-DR (1.68 +/- 0.82). The UK group showed as better results as the PTCR + PTCA group for LVEF (42.3 +/- 11.3 vs. 38.1 +/- 7.4) and Tl-DR (2.10 +/- 1.19 vs. 2.09 +/- 0.62). In both the UK and PTCR + PTCA groups, Tl-DR was well maintained despite an increase in the peak CPK and a decrease in LVEF, and, therefore, the conservation of stunned myocardium in the acute stage was suggested. From the above, it was concluded that the UK method is useful for treating AMI.

Collagen analysis of articular cartilage and subchondral bone was performed on femoral heads obtained from patients of late stage of aseptic necrosis (ANF) (4 cases), and osteoarthritis (OA) (7 cases). In articular cartilage of both diseases, there was not observed any difference in the solubility of collagen compared with normal articular cartilage. However, collagen contents determined by hydroxyproline analysis showed a decrease in both diseases; this tendency was prominent in OA. On the other hand, copper contents showed an increase in ANF while there was a decrease in OA; the fact may suggest that lysyl oxidase acts actively on the formation of a precursor of cross-links in collagen matrix of articular cartilage in ANF. In subchondral bone of both diseases, collagen contents showed an increase in OA, and a decrease in ANF compared with normal subchondral bone. However the solubility of collagen has increased in both diseases. Moreover, lysine hydroxylation and copper contents showed an increase in both OA and ANF; these findings suggest that repairing reaction of the pathological lesion by proliferation of undifferentiated tissue remained even in late stage of the disease. In this paper, the author also discussed about the connective tissue metabolism of these two diseases by determination the types of collagen molecules of pathological cartilage and bone.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses avalanche-mode amorphous selenium photoconductive target for camera tube. The chapter presents the characteristics of the experimental 18 mm tubes for standard television systems. It is well known that there are two types of photoconductive target layers: the injection type and the blocking type. In the case of injection target layers, quantum efficiency as great as unity or more can be achieved, but it has the disadvantages of time lag and high dark current. In spite of its blocking-type target, the camera tube shows high sensitivity quantum efficiency greatly in excess of unity, the upper limit of the sensitivity of a conventional blocking target layer. The phenomenon of avalanche multiplication in an amorphous selenium layer was found for the first time at an applied field of greater than 0.8 × lo 8 V m –1 . This phenomenon was exploited in the target layer of an experimental camera tube.

It has been confirmed that avalanche multiplication occurs in amorphous semiconductors, especially in amorphous selenium. The obtained hole and electron ionization rates, β and α, have single exponential dependence on the reciprocal electric field. This phenomenon has been successfully applied for the first time to a highly-sensitive image-pickup tube with quantum efficiency as high as 10. This avalanche vidicon has excellent S/N characteristics. This may be due to the large ratio of hole to electron ionization rates from the shot noise analysis.

We propose a novel concept of an integration of compression and sensing in order to enhance performance of an image sensor. By integrating the compression function on the sensor plane, the image signal that has to be read out from the sensor is significantly reduced. Thus, the integration can consequently increase the pixel rate of the sensor. The compression scheme we make use of is conditional replenishment that detects and encodes moving areas. In this paper, we discuss design and implementation of two architectures for on-sensor compression. One is a pixel parallel approach and the other is a column parallel approach. We describe both approaches and design and a prototype of pixel parallel architecture.