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22,653 results on '"Järvinen, A."'

151. Tachyon-dependent Chern-Simons terms and the V-QCD baryon

Author

M. Järvinen, E. Kiritsis, F. Nitti, and E. Préau

Subjects
Chern-Simons Theories, Gauge-Gravity Correspondence, Solitons Monopoles and Instantons, Properties of Hadrons, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The structure of the five-dimensional Tachyon-Chern-Simons action and its relevance to single-baryon states in the context of the V-QCD models for holographic QCD with backreacting flavor are analyzed. The most general form of the Tachyon-Chern-Simons 5-form, compatible with symmetries and flavor anomalies is determined. It is the sum of a non-trivial gauge-invariant 5-dimensional form and a non-invariant closed 5-form that reproduces the flavor anomalies. Single-baryon solutions of the gravity theory, arising from the DBI plus Tachyon-Chern-Simons actions are considered. The baryon is realised as a bulk axial instanton. The baryon ansatz and the field equations are derived and the boundary conditions are determined, which ensure that the solution has finite boundary energy and unit baryon charge. The boundary baryon number, which is computed from the universal (closed) part of the Tachyon-Chern-Simons action, is shown to coincide with the bulk axial instanton number.

Published
2022
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152. Low-level colonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pigs is maintained by slowly evolving, closely related strains in Finnish pig farms

Author

Marie Verkola, Milla Takala, Suvi Nykäsenoja, Satu Olkkola, Paula Kurittu, Saija Kiljunen, Henni Tuomala, Asko Järvinen, and Annamari Heikinheimo

Subjects
Antimicrobial resistance, cgMLST, LA-MRSA, Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Abstract Background Over the past two decades, livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) has become widely prevalent in pig production in Europe. The carriage status of LA-MRSA is known to vary among individual pigs, but bacterial load in pigs has rarely been studied. We assessed the quantity of LA-MRSA in nasal and skin samples of pigs and investigated the genetic diversity of the strains together with sequenced strains from national surveillance and pathology samples from the Finnish Food Authority. On two farms with assumed MRSA-positive status, farm 1 and farm 2, 10 healthy pigs were sampled three times during 2 weeks from the nares and skin (study A). On farm 1, 54 additional pigs were sampled and from confirmed MRSA-positive animals, 10 were randomly selected and transported to a clean, controlled environment for further sampling (study B). From the samples taken on farms 1 and 2 and in the controlled environment, MRSA was isolated both by direct plating and enrichment on selective media. spa types, multilocus sequence types, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec types, resistance and virulence genes were determined. Core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) analysis was performed, including the sequences deriving from the surveillance/pathology samples from the Finnish Food Authority. Results All pigs on farm 1 carried LA-MRSA in the nares at all three time points and five pigs on farm 2 at one time point. Nasal quantity varied between 10 and 103 CFU/swab and quantity on the skin between 10 and 102 CFU/swab. In the controlled environment, MRSA was detected in at least one of the nasal samples from each animal. spa type t034 was predominant. cgMLST showed one cluster with minimum allele differences between 0 and 11. Conclusions The study shows predominantly low-level carriage (

Published
2022
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153. Minimal important difference and patient acceptable symptom state for common outcome instruments in patients with a closed humeral shaft fracture - analysis of the FISH randomised clinical trial data

Author

Thomas Ibounig, Joona Juurakko, Tuomas Lähdeoja, Bakir O. Sumrein, Teppo L. N. Järvinen, Mika Paavola, Clare L. Ardern, Teemu Karjalainen, Simo Taimela, and Lasse Rämö

Subjects
Clinimetrics, Minimal important difference, MID, MCID, Patient accepted symptom state, PASS, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Background Two common ways of assessing the clinical relevance of treatment outcomes are the minimal important difference (MID) and the patient acceptable symptom state (PASS). The former represents the smallest change in the given outcome that makes people feel better, while the latter is the symptom level at which patients feel well. Methods We recruited 124 patients with a humeral shaft fracture to a randomised controlled trial comparing surgery to nonsurgical care. Outcome instruments included the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, the Constant-Murley score, and two numerical rating scales (NRS) for pain (at rest and on activities). A reduction in DASH and pain scores, and increase in the Constant-Murley score represents improvement. We used four methods (receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve, the mean difference of change, the mean change, and predictive modelling methods) to determine the MID, and two methods (the ROC and 75th percentile) for the PASS. As an anchor for the analyses, we assessed patients’ satisfaction regarding the injured arm using a 7-item Likert-scale. Results The change in the anchor question was strongly correlated with the change in DASH, moderately correlated with the change of the Constant-Murley score and pain on activities, and poorly correlated with the change in pain at rest (Spearman’s rho 0.51, -0.40, 0.36, and 0.15, respectively). Depending on the method, the MID estimates for DASH ranged from -6.7 to -11.2, pain on activities from -0.5 to -1.3, and the Constant-Murley score from 6.3 to 13.5. The ROC method provided reliable estimates for DASH (-6.7 points, Area Under Curve [AUC] 0.77), the Constant-Murley Score (7.6 points, AUC 0.71), and pain on activities (-0.5 points, AUC 0.68). The PASS estimates were 14 and 10 for DASH, 2.5 and 2 for pain on activities, and 68 and 74 for the Constant-Murley score with the ROC and 75th percentile methods, respectively. Conclusion Our study provides credible estimates for the MID and PASS values of DASH, pain on activities and the Constant-Murley score, but not for pain at rest. The suggested cut-offs can be used in future studies and for assessing treatment success in patients with humeral shaft fracture. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01719887, first registration 01/11/2012.

Published
2022
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156. Verification of an intravenous fluid warmer: A prospective, two-center observational trial

Author

Mikko Lax, Seppo T. Mustola, Kimmo Repo, Jari Järvinen, Danielle K. Bayoro, Steven H. Cataldo, Viivi Karhinen, Edward A. Rose, Herman Groepenhoff, and Andreas D. Waldmann

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Objectives: Avoiding inadvertent hypothermia during surgery is important. Intravenous fluid warmers used intraoperatively are critical for maintaining euthermia. We sought to prospectively evaluate the performance of the parylene-coated enFlow™ intravenous fluid warmer in patients undergoing surgery. Methods: This was a prospective two-center observational clinical trial performed in inpatient surgical services of two large academic hospital systems. After written informed consent, patients were enrolled in the trial. All patients were adults scheduled for a surgery that was expected to last for at least 1 h with the administration of at least 1 L of fluid warmed prior to infusion. Patient temperature was recorded in the preoperative unit, at the induction of anesthesia, and then every 15 or 30 min until the end of surgery. Temperature monitoring continued in the recovery unit. The parylene-coated enFlow™ intravenous fluid warmer was used in addition to the usual patient warming techniques. The primary outcome was the average core temperature, and secondary analyses assessed individual temperature measurements, temperature measurements during specific time periods, and rate of hypothermic events. Results: In all, 50 patients (29 males) with a mean age of 64 years were included in the analysis. The mean surgical time was 195 min and patients received an average of 1142 mL of fluids. Core temperature dropped by only 0.3°C approximately 60 min after induction and recovered back to the baseline level approximately 60 min later. There was no correlation between flow rate and measured core body temperature. Conclusions: The parylene-coated enFlow intravenous fluid warmer was able to warm fluids at all flow rates during prolonged surgery. The results showed that enFlow performed as expected.

Published
2023
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157. Talking Like a Teacher—A Study of Pre-Service Teachers’ Voice and Speech Characteristics in Learning and Teaching Situations

Author

Kati Järvinen, Anna-Leena Kähkönen, Pasi Nieminen, and Terhi Mäntylä

Subjects
teacher talk, educational speech, pitch, intensity, voice quality, speech rate, Education
Abstract

Voice and speech are educational tools and a medium of pedagogy for teachers. Teachers tend to modify their voice and speech to support learning. This study aimed to investigate whether pre-service teachers modify their speech and voice in teaching compared to peer learning speech and whether the changes can promote learning and be beneficial for the speakers. Nine pre-service physics teachers’ voices were recorded in three learning situations and in one teaching session with similar external circumstances. Duration of speech turns, pausing, speech rate, fundamental frequency (F0) and its variation, sound pressure level (SPL) and its range, and voice quality were analyzed. Results showed that the participants had longer speech turns, decreased speech rate, and increased pausing when teaching compared to speech in peer learning situations. F0 and SPL were higher in teaching, indicating that the teaching situation was more stressful than the peer learning situation. For F0, this was confirmed by correlation analysis. From the learning point, increased pausing and slower speech rate may be beneficial, but increased F0 and SPL may, on the other hand, be harmful to future teachers as they can increase the risk of vocal overloading. Voice training for future teachers is strongly recommended.

Published
2024
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158. Experimental research on the TCV tokamak

Author

B.P. Duval, A. Abdolmaleki, M. Agostini, C.J. Ajay, S. Alberti, E. Alessi, G. Anastasiou, Y. Andrèbe, G.M. Apruzzese, F. Auriemma, J. Ayllon-Guerola, F. Bagnato, A. Baillod, F. Bairaktaris, L. Balbinot, A. Balestri, M. Baquero-Ruiz, C. Barcellona, M. Bernert, W. Bin, P. Blanchard, J. Boedo, T. Bolzonella, F. Bombarda, L. Boncagni, M. Bonotto, T.O.S.J. Bosman, D. Brida, D. Brunetti, J. Buchli, J. Buerman, P. Buratti, A. Burckhart, D. Busil, J. Caloud, Y. Camenen, A. Cardinali, S. Carli, D. Carnevale, F. Carpanese, M. Carpita, C. Castaldo, F. Causa, J. Cavalier, M. Cavedon, J.A. Cazabonne, J. Cerovsky, B. Chapman, M. Chernyshova, P. Chmielewski, A. Chomiczewska, G. Ciraolo, S. Coda, C. Colandrea, C. Contré, R. Coosemans, L. Cordaro, S. Costea, T. Craciunescu, K. Crombe, A. Dal Molin, O. D’Arcangelo, D. de Las Casas, J. Decker, J. Degrave, H. de Oliveira, G.L. Derks, L.E. di Grazia, C. Donner, M. Dreval, M.G. Dunne, G. Durr-Legoupil-Nicoud, B. Esposito, T. Ewalds, M. Faitsch, M. Farník, A. Fasoli, F. Felici, J. Ferreira, O. Février, O. Ficker, A. Frank, E. Fransson, L. Frassinetti, L. Fritz, I. Furno, D. Galassi, K. Gałązka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, S. Galeani, C. Galperti, S. Garavaglia, M. Garcia-Munoz, P. Gaudio, M. Gelfusa, J. Genoud, R. Gerrú Miguelanez, G. Ghillardi, M. Giacomin, L. Gil, A. Gillgren, C. Giroud, T. Golfinopoulos, T. Goodman, G. Gorini, S. Gorno, G. Grenfell, M. Griener, M. Gruca, T. Gyergyek, R. Hafner, M. Hamed, D. Hamm, W. Han, G. Harrer, J.R. Harrison, D. Hassabis, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, J. Hidalgo-Salaverri, J-P. Hogge, M. Hoppe, J. Horacek, A. Huber, E. Huett, A. Iantchenko, P. Innocente, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, I. Ivanova Stanik, M. Jablczynska, A. Jansen van Vuuren, A. Jardin, H. Järleblad, A.E. Järvinen, J. Kalis, R. Karimov, A.N. Karpushov, K. Kavukcuoglu, J. Kay, Y. Kazakov, J. Keeling, A. Kirjasuo, J.T.W. Koenders, P. Kohli, M. Komm, M. Kong, J. Kovacic, E. Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, O. Krutkin, O. Kudlacek, U. Kumar, R. Kwiatkowski, B. Labit, L. Laguardia, E. Laszynska, A. Lazaros, K. Lee, E. Lerche, B. Linehan, D. Liuzza, T. Lunt, E. Macusova, D. Mancini, P. Mantica, M. Maraschek, G. Marceca, S. Marchioni, A. Mariani, M. Marin, A. Marinoni, L. Martellucci, Y. Martin, P. Martin, L. Martinelli, F. Martinelli, J.R. Martin-Solis, S. Masillo, R. Masocco, V. Masson, A. Mathews, M. Mattei, D. Mazon, S. Mazzi, S.Y. Medvedev, C. Meineri, A. Mele, V. Menkovski, A. Merle, H. Meyer, K. Mikszuta-Michalik, I.G. Miron, P.A. Molina Cabrera, A. Moro, A. Murari, P. Muscente, D. Mykytchuk, F. Nabais, F. Napoli, R.D. Nem, M. Neunert, S.K. Nielsen, A. Nielsen, M. Nocente, S. Noury, S. Nowak, H. Nyström, N. Offeddu, S. Olasz, F. Oliva, D.S. Oliveira, F.P. Orsitto, N. Osborne, P. Oyola Dominguez, O. Pan, E. Panontin, A.D. Papadopoulos, P. Papagiannis, G. Papp, M. Passoni, F. Pastore, A. Pau, R.O. Pavlichenko, A.C. Pedersen, M. Pedrini, G. Pelka, E. Peluso, A. Perek, C. Perez Von Thun, F. Pesamosca, D. Pfau, V. Piergotti, L. Pigatto, C. Piron, L. Piron, A. Pironti, U. Plank, V. Plyusnin, Y.R.J. Poels, G.I. Pokol, J. Poley-Sanjuan, M. Poradzinski, L. Porte, C. Possieri, A. Poulsen, M.J. Pueschel, T. Pütterich, V. Quadri, M. Rabinski, R. Ragona, H. Raj, A. Redl, H. Reimerdes, C. Reux, D. Ricci, M. Riedmiller, S. Rienäcker, D. Rigamonti, N. Rispoli, J.F. Rivero-Rodriguez, C.F. Romero Madrid, J. Rueda Rueda, P.J. Ryan, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, M. Sassano, O. Sauter, N. Schoonheere, R.W. Schrittwieser, F. Sciortino, A. Selce, L. Senni, S. Sharapov, U.A. Sheikh, B. Sieglin, M. Silva, D. Silvagni, B. Simmendefeldt Schmidt, L. Simons, E.R. Solano, C. Sozzi, M. Spolaore, L. Spolladore, A. Stagni, P. Strand, G. Sun, W. Suttrop, J. Svoboda, B. Tal, T. Tala, P. Tamain, M. Tardocchi, A. Tema Biwole, A. Tenaglia, D. Terranova, D. Testa, C. Theiler, A. Thornton, A.S. Thrysoe, M. Tomes, E. Tonello, H. Torreblanca, B. Tracey, M. Tsimpoukelli, C. Tsironis, C.K. Tsui, M. Ugoletti, M. Vallar, M. van Berkel, S. van Mulders, M. van Rossem, C. Venturini, M. Veranda, T. Verdier, K. Verhaegh, L. Vermare, N. Vianello, E. Viezzer, F. Villone, B. Vincent, P. Vincenzi, I. Voitsekhovitch, L. Votta, N.M.T. Vu, Y. Wang, E. Wang, T. Wauters, M. Weiland, H. Weisen, N. Wendler, S. Wiesen, M. Wiesenberger, T. Wijkamp, C. Wüthrich, D. Yadykin, H. Yang, V. Yanovskiy, J. Zebrowski, P. Zestanakis, M. Zuin, and M. Zurita

Subjects
TCV, review, plasma, SPC, EPFL, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Tokamak à configuration variable (TCV), recently celebrating 30 years of near-continual operation, continues in its missions to advance outstanding key physics and operational scenario issues for ITER and the design of future power plants such as DEMO. The main machine heating systems and operational changes are first described. Then follow five sections: plasma scenarios. ITER Base-Line (IBL) discharges, triangularity studies together with X3 heating and N2 seeding. Edge localised mode suppression, with a high radiation region near the X-point is reported with N _2 injection with and without divertor baffles in a snowflake configuration. Negative triangularity (NT) discharges attained record, albeit transient, β _N ∼ 3 with lower turbulence, higher low-Z impurity transport, vertical stability and density limits and core transport better than the IBL. Positive triangularity L-Mode linear and saturated ohmic confinement confinement saturation, often-correlated with intrinsic toroidal rotation reversals, was probed for D, H and He working gases. H-mode confinement and pedestal studies were extended to low collisionality with electron cyclotron heating obtaining steady state electron iternal transport barrier with neutral beam heating (NBH), and NBH driven H-mode configurations with off-axis co-electron cyclotron current drive. Fast particle physics. The physics of disruptions, runaway electrons and fast ions (FIs) was developed using near-full current conversion at disruption with recombination thresholds characterised for impurity species (Ne, Ar, Kr). Different flushing gases (D2, H2) and pathways to trigger a benign disruption were explored. The 55 kV NBH II generated a rich Alfvénic spectrum modulating the FI fas ion loss detector signal. NT configurations showed less toroidal Alfvén excitation activity preferentially affecting higher FI pitch angles. Scrape-off layer and edge physics. gas puff imaging systems characterised turbulent plasma ejection for several advanced divertor configurations, including NT. Combined diagnostic array divertor state analysis in detachment conditions was compared to modelling revealing an importance for molecular processes. Divertor physics. Internal gas baffles diversified to include shorter/longer structures on the high and/or low field side to probe compressive efficiency. Divertor studies concentrated upon mitigating target power, facilitating detachment and increasing the radiated power fraction employing alternative divertor geometries, optimised X-point radiator regimes and long-legged configurations. Smaller-than-expected improvements with total flux expansion were better modelled when including parallel flows. Peak outer target heat flux reduction was achieved (>50%) for high flux-expansion geometries, maintaining core performance ( H _98 > 1). A reduction in target heat loads and facilitated detachment access at lower core densities is reported. Real-time control. TCV’s real-time control upgrades employed MIMO gas injector control of stable, robust, partial detachment and plasma β feedback control avoiding neoclassical tearing modes with plasma confinement changes. Machine-learning enhancements include trajectory tracking disruption proximity and avoidance as well as a first-of-its-kind reinforcement learning-based controller for the plasma equilibrium trained entirely on a free-boundary simulator. Finally, a short description of TCV’s immediate future plans will be given.

Published
2024
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159. Overview of the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation programme in support of ITER and DEMO

Author

E. Joffrin, M. Wischmeier, M. Baruzzo, A. Hakola, A. Kappatou, D. Keeling, B. Labit, E. Tsitrone, N. Vianello, the ASDEX Upgrade Team, JET Contributors, the MAST-U Team, the TCV Team, the WEST Team, the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team:, D. Abate, J. Adamek, M. Agostini, C. Albert, F.C.P. Albert Devasagayam, S. Aleiferis, E. Alessi, J. Alhage, S. Allan, J. Allcock, M. Alonzo, G. Anastasiou, E. Andersson Sunden, C. Angioni, Y. Anquetin, L. Appel, G.M. Apruzzese, M. Ariola, C. Arnas, J.F. Artaud, W. Arter, O. Asztalos, L. Aucone, M.H. Aumeunier, F. Auriemma, J. Ayllon, E. Aymerich, A. Baciero, F. Bagnato, L. Bähner, F. Bairaktaris, P. Balázs, L. Balbinot, I. Balboa, M. Balden, A. Balestri, M. Baquero Ruiz, T. Barberis, C. Barcellona, O. Bardsley, S. Benkadda, T. Bensadon, E. Bernard, M. Bernert, H. Betar, R. Bianchetti Morales, J. Bielecki, R. Bilato, P. Bilkova, W. Bin, G. Birkenmeier, R. Bisson, P. Blanchard, A. Bleasdale, V. Bobkov, A. Boboc, A. Bock, K. Bogar, P. Bohm, T. Bolzonella, F. Bombarda, N. Bonanomi, L. Boncagni, D. Bonfiglio, R. Bonifetto, M. Bonotto, D. Borodin, I. Borodkina, T.O.S.J. Bosman, C. Bourdelle, C. Bowman, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, F. Brochard, R. Brunet, D. Brunetti, V. Bruno, R. Buchholz, J. Buermans, H. Bufferand, P. Buratti, A. Burckhart, J. Cai, R. Calado, J. Caloud, S. Cancelli, F. Cani, B. Cannas, M. Cappelli, S. Carcangiu, A. Cardinali, S. Carli, D. Carnevale, M. Carole, M. Carpita, D. Carralero, F. Caruggi, I.S. Carvalho, I. Casiraghi, A. Casolari, F.J. Casson, C. Castaldo, A. Cathey, F. Causa, J. Cavalier, M. Cavedon, J. Cazabonne, M. Cecconello, L. Ceelen, A. Celora, J. Cerovsky, C.D. Challis, R. Chandra, A. Chankin, B. Chapman, H. Chen, M. Chernyshova, A.G. Chiariello, P. Chmielewski, A. Chomiczewska, C. Cianfarani, G. Ciraolo, J. Citrin, F. Clairet, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, I.H. Coffey, C. Colandrea, L. Colas, S. Conroy, C. Contre, N.J. Conway, L. Cordaro, Y. Corre, D. Costa, S. Costea, D. Coster, X. Courtois, C. Cowley, T. Craciunescu, G. Croci, A.M. Croitoru, K. Crombe, D.J. Cruz Zabala, G. Cseh, T. Czarski, A. Da Ros, A. Dal Molin, M. Dalla Rosa, Y. Damizia, O. D’Arcangelo, P. David, M. De Angeli, E. De la Cal, E. De La Luna, G. De Tommasi, J. Decker, R. Dejarnac, D. Del Sarto, G. Derks, C. Desgranges, P. Devynck, S. Di Genova, L.E. di Grazia, A. Di Siena, M. Dicorato, M. Diez, M. Dimitrova, T. Dittmar, L. Dittrich, J.J. Domínguez Palacios Durán, P. Donnel, D. Douai, S. Dowson, S. Doyle, M. Dreval, P. Drews, L. Dubus, R. Dumont, D. Dunai, M. Dunne, A. Durif, F. Durodie, G. Durr Legoupil Nicoud, B. Duval, R. Dux, T. Eich, A. Ekedahl, S. Elmore, G. Ericsson, J. Eriksson, B. Eriksson, F. Eriksson, S. Ertmer, A. Escarguel, B. Esposito, T. Estrada, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, N. Fakhrayi Mofrad, A. Fanni, T. Farley, M. Farník, N. Fedorczak, F. Felici, X. Feng, J. Ferreira, D. Ferreira, N. Ferron, O. Fevrier, O. Ficker, A.R. Field, A. Figueiredo, N. Fil, D. Fiorucci, M. Firdaouss, R. Fischer, M. Fitzgerald, M. Flebbe, M. Fontana, J. Fontdecaba Climent, A. Frank, E. Fransson, L. Frassinetti, D. Frigione, S. Futatani, R. Futtersack, S. Gabriellini, D. Gadariya, D. Galassi, K. Galazka, J. Galdon, S. Galeani, D. Gallart, A. Gallo, C. Galperti, M. Gambrioli, S. Garavaglia, J. Garcia, M. Garcia Munoz, J. Gardarein, L. Garzotti, J. Gaspar, R. Gatto, P. Gaudio, M. Gelfusa, J. Gerardin, S.N. Gerasimov, R. Gerru Miguelanez, G. Gervasini, Z. Ghani, F.M. Ghezzi, G. Ghillardi, L. Giannone, S. Gibson, L. Gil, A. Gillgren, E. Giovannozzi, C. Giroud, G. Giruzzi, T. Gleiter, M. Gobbin, V. Goloborodko, A. González Ganzábal, T. Goodman, V. Gopakumar, G. Gorini, T. Görler, S. Gorno, G. Granucci, D. Greenhouse, G. Grenfell, M. Griener, W. Gromelski, M. Groth, O. Grover, M. Gruca, A. Gude, C. Guillemaut, R. Guirlet, J. Gunn, T. Gyergyek, L. Hagg, J. Hall, C.J. Ham, M. Hamed, T. Happel, G. Harrer, J. Harrison, D. Harting, N.C. Hawkes, P. Heinrich, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, R. Henriques, S. Heuraux, J. Hidalgo Salaverri, J. Hillairet, J.C. Hillesheim, A. Hjalmarsson, A. Ho, J. Hobirk, E. Hodille, M. Hölzl, M. Hoppe, J. Horacek, N. Horsten, L. Horvath, M. Houry, K. Hromasova, J. Huang, Z. Huang, A. Huber, E. Huett, P. Huynh, A. Iantchenko, M. Imrisek, P. Innocente, C. Ionita Schrittwieser, H. Isliker, P. Ivanova, I. Ivanova Stanik, M. Jablczynska, S. Jachmich, A.S. Jacobsen, P. Jacquet, A. Jansen van Vuuren, A. Jardin, H. Järleblad, A. Järvinen, F. Jaulmes, T. Jensen, I. Jepu, S. Jessica, T. Johnson, A. Juven, J. Kalis, J. Karhunen, R. Karimov, A.N. Karpushov, S. Kasilov, Y. Kazakov, P.V. Kazantzidis, W. Kernbichler, HT. Kim, D.B. King, V.G. Kiptily, A. Kirjasuo, K.K. Kirov, A. Kirschner, A. Kit, T. Kiviniemi, F. Kjær, E. Klinkby, A. Knieps, U. Knoche, M. Kochan, F. Köchl, G. Kocsis, J.T.W. Koenders, L. Kogan, Y. Kolesnichenko, Y. Kominis, M. Komm, M. Kong, B. Kool, S.B. Korsholm, D. Kos, M. Koubiti, J. Kovacic, Y. Kovtun, E. Kowalska Strzeciwilk, K. Koziol, M. Kozulia, A. Krämer Flecken, A. Kreter, K. Krieger, U. Kruezi, O. Krutkin, O. Kudlacek, U. Kumar, H. Kumpulainen, M.H. Kushoro, R. Kwiatkowski, M. La Matina, M. Lacquaniti, L. Laguardia, P. Lainer, P. Lang, M. Larsen, E. Laszynska, K.D. Lawson, A. Lazaros, E. Lazzaro, M.Y.K. Lee, S. Leerink, M. Lehnen, M. Lennholm, E. Lerche, Y. Liang, A. Lier, J. Likonen, O. Linder, B. Lipschultz, A. Listopad, X. Litaudon, E. Litherland Smith, D. Liuzza, T. Loarer, P.J. Lomas, J. Lombardo, N. Lonigro, R. Lorenzini, C. Lowry, T. Luda di Cortemiglia, A. Ludvig Osipov, T. Lunt, V. Lutsenko, E. Macusova, R. Mäenpää, P. Maget, C.F. Maggi, J. Mailloux, S. Makarov, K. Malinowski, P. Manas, A. Mancini, D. Mancini, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, J. Manyer, M. Maraschek, G. Marceca, G. Marcer, C. Marchetto, S. Marchioni, A. Mariani, M. Marin, M. Markl, T. Markovic, D. Marocco, S. Marsden, L. Martellucci, P. Martin, C. Martin, F. Martinelli, L. Martinelli, J.R. Martin Solis, R. Martone, M. Maslov, R. 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Tholerus, B. Thomas, E. Thoren, A. Thornton, A. Thrysoe, Q. TICHIT, W. Tierens, A. Titarenko, P. Tolias, E. Tomasina, M. Tomes, E. Tonello, A. Tookey, M. Toscano Jiménez, C. Tsironis, C. Tsui, A. Tykhyy, M. Ugoletti, M. Usoltseva, D.F. Valcarcel, A. Valentini, M. Valisa, M. Vallar, M. Valovic, SI. Valvis, M. van Berkel, D. Van Eester, S. Van Mulders, M. van Rossem, R. Vann, B. Vanovac, J. Varela Rodriguez, J. Varje, S. Vartanian, M. Vecsei, L. Velarde Gallardo, M. Veranda, T. Verdier, G. Verdoolaege, K. Verhaegh, L. Vermare, G. Verona Rinati, J. Vicente, E. Viezzer, L. Vignitchouk, F. Villone, B. Vincent, P. Vincenzi, M.O. Vlad, G. Vogel, I. Voitsekhovitch, I. Voldiner, P. Vondracek, N.M.T. VU, T. Vuoriheimo, C. Wade, E. Wang, T. Wauters, M. Weiland, H. Weisen, N. Wendler, D. Weston, A. Widdowson, S. Wiesen, M. Wiesenberger, T. Wijkamp, M. Willensdorfer, T. Wilson, A. Wojenski, C. Wuethrich, I. Wyss, L. Xiang, S. Xu, D. Yadykin, Y. Yakovenko, H. Yang, V. Yanovskiy, R. Yi, B. Zaar, G. Zadvitskiy, L. Zakharov, P. Zanca, D. Zarzoso, Y. Zayachuk, J. Zebrowski, M. Zerbini, P. Zestanakis, C. F. B. Zimmermann, M. Zlobinski, A. Zohar, V.K. Zotta, X. Zou, M. Zuin, M. Zurita, and I. Zychor

Subjects
JET, ASDEX Upgrade, MAST-U, TCV, WEST, Tokamak Exploitation Task Force, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Within the 9th European Framework programme, since 2021 EUROfusion is operating five tokamaks under the auspices of a single Task Force called ‘Tokamak Exploitation’. The goal is to benefit from the complementary capabilities of each machine in a coordinated way and help in developing a scientific output scalable to future largre machines. The programme of this Task Force ensures that ASDEX Upgrade, MAST-U, TCV, WEST and JET (since 2022) work together to achieve the objectives of Missions 1 and 2 of the EUROfusion Roadmap: i) demonstrate plasma scenarios that increase the success margin of ITER and satisfy the requirements of DEMO and, ii) demonstrate an integrated approach that can handle the large power leaving ITER and DEMO plasmas. The Tokamak Exploitation task force has therefore organized experiments on these two missions with the goal to strengthen the physics and operational basis for the ITER baseline scenario and for exploiting the recent plasma exhaust enhancements in all four devices (PEX: Plasma EXhaust) for exploring the solution for handling heat and particle exhaust in ITER and develop the conceptual solutions for DEMO. The ITER Baseline scenario has been developed in a similar way in ASDEX Upgrade, TCV and JET. Key risks for ITER such as disruptions and run-aways have been also investigated in TCV, ASDEX Upgrade and JET. Experiments have explored successfully different divertor configurations (standard, super-X, snowflakes) in MAST-U and TCV and studied tungsten melting in WEST and ASDEX Upgrade. The input from the smaller devices to JET has also been proven successful to set-up novel control schemes on disruption avoidance and detachment.

Published
2024
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160. Overview of T and D–T results in JET with ITER-like wall

Author

C.F. Maggi, D. Abate, N. Abid, P. Abreu, O. Adabonyan, M. Afzal, I. Ahmad, M. Akhtar, R. Albanese, S. Aleiferis, E. Alessi, P. Aleynikov, J. Alguacil, J. Alhage, M. Ali, H. Allen, M. Allinson, M. Alonzo, E. Alves, R. Ambrosino, E. Andersson Sundén, P. Andrew, M. Angelone, C. Angioni, I. Antoniou, L. Appel, C. Appelbee, C. Aramunde, M. Ariola, G. Arnoux, G. Artaserse, J.-F. Artaud, W. Arter, V. Artigues, F.J. Artola, A. Ash, O. Asztalos, D. Auld, F. Auriemma, Y. Austin, L. Avotina, J. Ayllón, E. Aymerich, A. Baciero, L. Bähner, F. Bairaktaris, I. Balboa, M. Balden, N. Balshaw, V.K. Bandaru, J. Banks, A. Banon Navarro, C. Barcellona, O. Bardsley, M. Barnes, R. Barnsley, M. Baruzzo, M. Bassan, A. Batista, P. Batistoni, L. Baumane, B. Bauvir, L. Baylor, C. Bearcroft, P. Beaumont, D. Beckett, A. Begolli, M. Beidler, N. Bekris, M. Beldishevski, E. Belli, F. Belli, S. Benkadda, J. Bentley, E. Bernard, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, M. Berry, L. Bertalot, H. Betar, M. Beurskens, P.G. Bhat, S. 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McNamee, A. McShee, D. Mederick, M. Medland, S. Medley, K. Meghani, A.G. Meigs, S. Meitner, S. Menmuir, K. Mergia, S. Mianowski, P. Middleton, J. Mietelski, K. Mikszuta-Michalik, D. Milanesio, E. Milani, E. Militello-Asp, F. Militello, J. Milnes, A. Milocco, S. Minucci, I. Miron, J. Mitchell, J. Mlynář, V. Moiseenko, P. Monaghan, I. Monakhov, A. Montisci, S. Moon, R. Mooney, S. Moradi, R.B. Morales, L. Morgan, F. Moro, J. Morris, T. Mrowetz, L. Msero, S. Munot, A. Muñoz-Perez, M. Muraglia, A. Murari, A. Muraro, B. N’Konga, Y.S. Na, F. Nabais, R. Naish, F. Napoli, E. Nardon, V. Naulin, M.F.F. Nave, R. Neu, S. Ng, M. Nicassio, D. Nicolai, A.H. Nielsen, S.K. Nielsen, D. Nina, C. Noble, C.R. Nobs, M. Nocente, H. Nordman, S. Nowak, H. Nyström, J. O’Callaghan, M. O’Mullane, C. O’Neill, C. Olde, H.J.C. Oliver, R. Olney, J. Ongena, G.P. Orsitto, A. Osipov, R. Otin, N. Pace, L.W. Packer, E. Pajuste, D. Palade, J. Palgrave, O. Pan, N. Panadero, T. Pandya, E. Panontin, A. Papadopoulos, G. Papadopoulos, G. Papp, V.V. Parail, A. Parsloe, K. Paschalidis, M. Passeri, A. Patel, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, R. Pavlichenko, A. Pavone, E. Pawelec, C. Paz-Soldan, A. Peacock, M. Pearce, I.J. Pearson, E. Peluso, C. Penot, K. Pepperell, A. Perdas, T. Pereira, E. Perelli Cippo, C. Perez von Thun, D. Perry, P. Petersson, G. Petravich, N. Petrella, M. Peyman, L. Pigatto, M. Pillon, S. Pinches, G. Pintsuk, C. Piron, A. Pironti, F. Pisano, R. Pitts, U. Planck, N. Platt, V. Plyusnin, M. Podesta, G. Pokol, F.M. Poli, O.G. Pompilian, M. Poradzinski, M. Porkolab, C. Porosnicu, G. Poulipoulis, A.S. Poulsen, I. Predebon, A. Previti, D. Primetzhofer, G. Provatas, G. Pucella, P. Puglia, K. Purahoo, O. Putignano, T. Pütterich, A. Quercia, G. Radulescu, V. Radulovic, R. Ragona, M. Rainford, P. Raj, M. Rasinski, D. Rasmussen, J. Rasmussen, J.J. Rasmussen, A. Raso, G. Rattá, S. Ratynskaia, R. Rayaprolu, M. Rebai, A. Redl, D. Rees, D. Réfy, R. Reichle, H. Reimerdes, B.C.G. Reman, C. Reux, S. Reynolds, D. Rigamonti, E. Righi, F.G. Rimini, J. Risner, J.F. Rivero-Rodriguez, C.M. Roach, J. Roberts, R. Robins, S. Robinson, D. Robson, S. Rode, P. Rodrigues, P. Rodriguez-Fernandez, S. Romanelli, J. Romazanov, E. Rose, C. Rose-Innes, R. Rossi, S. Rowe, D. Rowlands, C. Rowley, M. Rubel, G. Rubinacci, G. Rubino, M. Rud, J. Ruiz Ruiz, F. Ryter, S. Saarelma, A. Sahlberg, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, R. Salmon, F. Salzedas, F. Sanchez, I. Sanders, D. Sandiford, F. Sanni, O. Sauter, P. Sauvan, G. Schettini, A. Shevelev, A.A. Schekochihin, K. Schmid, B.S. Schmidt, S. Schmuck, M. Schneider, P.A. Schneider, N. Schoonheere, R. Schramm, D. Scoon, S. Scully, M. Segato, J. Seidl, L. Senni, J. Seo, G. Sergienko, M. Sertoli, S.E. Sharapov, R. Sharma, A. Shaw, R. Shaw, H. Sheikh, U. Sheikh, N. Shi, P. Shigin, D. Shiraki, G. Sias, M. Siccinio, B. Sieglin, S.A. Silburn, A. Silva, C. Silva, J. Silva, D. Silvagni, D. Simfukwe, J. Simpson, P. Sirén, A. Sirinelli, H. Sjöstrand, N. Skinner, J. Slater, T. Smart, R.D. Smirnov, N. Smith, P. Smith, T. Smith, J. Snell, L. Snoj, E.R. Solano, V. Solokha, C. Sommariva, K. Soni, M. Sos, J. Sousa, C. Sozzi, T. Spelzini, F. Spineanu, L. Spolladore, D. Spong, C. Srinivasan, G. Staebler, A. Stagni, I. Stamatelatos, M.F. Stamp, Ž. Štancar, P.A. Staniec, G. Stankūnas, M. Stead, B. Stein-Lubrano, A. Stephen, J. Stephens, P. Stevenson, C. Steventon, M. Stojanov, D.A. St-Onge, P. Strand, S. Strikwerda, C.I. Stuart, S. Sturgeon, H.J. Sun, S. Surendran, W. Suttrop, J. Svensson, J. Svoboda, R. Sweeney, G. Szepesi, M. Szoke, T. Tadić, B. Tal, T. Tala, P. Tamain, K. Tanaka, W. Tang, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, D. Taylor, A.S. Teimane, G. Telesca, A. Teplukhina, A. Terra, D. Terranova, N. Terranova, D. Testa, B. Thomas, V.K. Thompson, A. Thorman, A.S. Thrysoe, W. Tierens, R.A. Tinguely, A. Tipton, H. Todd, M. Tomeš, A. Tookey, P. Tsavalas, D. Tskhakaya, L.-P. Turică, A. Turner, I. Turner, M. Turner, M.M. Turner, G. Tvalashvili, A. Tykhyy, S. Tyrrell, A. Uccello, V. Udintsev, A. Vadgama, D.F. Valcarcel, A. Valentini, M. Valisa, M. Vallar, M. Valovic, M. Van Berkel, K.L. van de Plassche, M. van Rossem, D. Van Eester, J. Varela, J. Varje, T. Vasilopoulou, G. Vayakis, M. Vecsei, J. Vega, M. Veis, P. Veis, S. Ventre, M. Veranda, G. Verdoolaege, C. Verona, G. Verona Rinati, E. Veshchev, N. Vianello, E. Viezzer, L. Vignitchouk, R. Vila, R. Villari, F. Villone, P. Vincenzi, A. Vitins, Z. Vizvary, M. Vlad, I. Voldiner, U. Von Toussaint, P. Vondráček, B. Wakeling, M. Walker, R. Walker, M. Walsh, R. Walton, E. Wang, F. Warren, R. Warren, J. Waterhouse, C. Watts, T. Webster, M. Weiland, H. Weisen, M. Weiszflog, N. Wendler, A. West, M. Wheatley, S. Whetham, A. Whitehead, D. Whittaker, A. Widdowson, S. Wiesen, M. Willensdorfer, J. Williams, I. Wilson, T. Wilson, M. Wischmeier, A. Withycombe, D. Witts, A. Wojcik-Gargula, E. Wolfrum, R. Wood, R. Woodley, R. Worrall, I. Wyss, T. Xu, D. Yadykin, Y. Yakovenko, Y. Yang, V. Yanovskiy, R. Yi, I. Young, R. Young, B. Zaar, R.J. Zabolockis, L. Zakharov, P. Zanca, A. Zarins, D. Zarzoso Fernandez, K.-D. Zastrow, Y. Zayachuk, M. Zerbini, W. Zhang, B. Zimmermann, M. Zlobinski, A. Zocco, V.K. Zotta, M. Zuin, W. Zwingmann, and I. Zychor

Subjects
magnetic fusion, JET-ILW, D–T, tritium, alpha particles, fusion prediction, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

In 2021 JET exploited its unique capabilities to operate with T and D–T fuel with an ITER-like Be/W wall (JET-ILW). This second major JET D–T campaign (DTE2), after DTE1 in 1997, represented the culmination of a series of JET enhancements—new fusion diagnostics, new T injection capabilities, refurbishment of the T plant, increased auxiliary heating, in-vessel calibration of 14 MeV neutron yield monitors—as well as significant advances in plasma theory and modelling in the fusion community. DTE2 was complemented by a sequence of isotope physics campaigns encompassing operation in pure tritium at high T-NBI power. Carefully conducted for safe operation with tritium, the new T and D–T experiments used 1 kg of T (vs 100 g in DTE1), yielding the most fusion reactor relevant D–T plasmas to date and expanding our understanding of isotopes and D–T mixture physics. Furthermore, since the JET T and DTE2 campaigns occurred almost 25 years after the last major D–T tokamak experiment, it was also a strategic goal of the European fusion programme to refresh operational experience of a nuclear tokamak to prepare staff for ITER operation. The key physics results of the JET T and DTE2 experiments, carried out within the EUROfusion JET1 work package, are reported in this paper. Progress in the technological exploitation of JET D–T operations, development and validation of nuclear codes, neutronic tools and techniques for ITER operations carried out by EUROfusion (started within the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme and continuing under the Horizon Europe FP) are reported in (Litaudon et al Nucl. Fusion accepted), while JET experience on T and D–T operations is presented in (King et al Nucl. Fusion submitted).

Published
2024
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161. Comparison of reduced model predictions for divertor detachment onset and reattachment timescales in ASDEX Upgrade and JET experiments

Author

S.S. Henderson, M. Bernert, D. Brida, M. Cavedon, P. David, R. Dux, O. Février, P. Jacquet, A. Järvinen, A. Kallenbach, J. Karhunen, K. Kirov, M. Komm, M. Lennholm, B. Lomanowski, C. Lowry, R. McDermott, A. Meigs, H. Reimerdes, H. Sun, B. Thomas, the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation, the ASDEX Upgrade Team, and JET Contributors

Subjects
divertor detachment, impurity seeding, divertor reattachment, ASDEX Upgrade, JET, model validation, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Building on prior analysis of ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) experiments (Henderson et al 2023 Nucl. Fusion 63 086024), this study compares simple analytical formula predictions for divertor detachment onset and reattachment timescales in JET experiments. Detachment onset primarily scales with divertor neutral pressure, impurity concentration, power directed to the targets, machine size, and integral perpendicular power decay length. JET experiments, focusing on seeding mixtures of Ne and Ar, align with the detachment onset predictions. Radiation efficiencies among the impurities show good agreement with the model predictions, contrasting with AUG observations which suggested higher efficiency for Ar and lower efficiency for Ne. The time taken to re-ionise the neutral volume in front of the outer target in fully detached divertor conditions was measured following both abrupt increases in injected neutral beam power and, separately, cutting of the impurity gas flow. Re-ionisation of the neutrals occurs within approximately 1 s on JET, which aligns with the simple model prediction derived from AUG data. While the AUG results are not new, their comparison with the JET results enhances understanding, reinforcing confidence in using simple models to predict future reactor scenarios.

Published
2024
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162. First SOLPS-ITER predictions of the impact of cross-field drifts on divertor and scrape-off layer conditions in double-null configuration of STEP

Author

J. Karhunen, S.S. Henderson, A. Järvinen, D. Moulton, S. Newton, and R.T. Osawa

Subjects
fusion, STEP, divertor, drifts, SOLPS-ITER, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Introduction of cross-field drifts in SOLPS-ITER simulations of connected double-null plasmas in STEP with the ion $\nabla B \times B$ drift towards the upper divertors was found to enhance the detachment of the inner divertors with decreased target densities and ion and heat fluxes, while simultaneously complicating the access to detachment in the outer lower divertor by increasing the target temperature and heat loads to levels above the engineering limits. The $\nabla B \times B$ drift was observed to significantly affect the radial heat transport between the core and the scrape-off layer (SOL), altering the poloidal temperature and pressure profiles and, consequently, the poloidal conductive and convective heat transport in the SOL. As a result, up-down asymmetries of 52:48 and 58:42 biased towards the outer lower and upper inner divertors, respectively, were observed to arise in the unmitigated power entering the divertor regions, breaking the up-down symmetry seen in simulations without the drift terms and contradicting with earlier experimental observations on the low-field side. Moreover, the upstream electron density was found to decrease noticeably in the core and separatrix regions following the activation of the drifts due to an increased share of the neutrals arriving from D _2 injections near the upper and lower X-points ionizing already in the private flux regions.

Published
2024
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167. Observations of magnetic fields in Herbig Ae/Be stars

Author

Hubrig, S., Jarvinen, S. P., Schöller, M., Carroll, T. A., Ilyin, I., and Pogodin, M. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Models of magnetically driven accretion reproduce many observational properties of T Tauri stars. For the more massive Herbig Ae/Be stars, the corresponding picture has been questioned lately, in part driven by the fact that their magnetic fields are typically one order of magnitude weaker. Indeed, the search for magnetic fields in Herbig Ae/Be stars has been quite time consuming, with a detection rate of about 7%, also limited by the current potential to detect weak magnetic fields. Over the last two decades, magnetic fields were found in about twenty objects and for only two Herbig Ae/Be stars was the magnetic field geometry constrained. Further, studies were undertaken to investigate the time dependence of spectroscopic tracers of magnetospheric accretion. Overall, it seems that while there is proof that magneospheric accretion is present in some Herbig Ae stars, there is less evidence for the Herbig Be stars., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, to appear in "Physics of magnetic stars", 2018 October 1-5, Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russia. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1308.6777

Published
2018

168. On the origin of supergiant fast X-ray transients

Author

Hubrig, Swetlana, Sidoli, Lara, Postnov, Konstantin A., Schöller, Markus, Kholtygin, Alexander F., and Jarvinen, Silva P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

A fraction of high-mass X-ray binaries are supergiant fast X-ray transients. These systems have on average low X-ray luminosities, but display short flares during which their X-ray luminosity rises by a few orders of magnitude. The leading model for the physics governing this X-ray behaviour suggests that the winds of the donor OB supergiants are magnetized. In agreement with this model, the first spectropolarimetric observations of the SFXT IGR J11215-5952 using the FORS2 instrument at the Very Large Telescope indicate the presence of a kG longitudinal magnetic field. Based on these results, it seems possible that the key difference between supergiant fast X-ray transients and other high-mass X-ray binaries are the properties of the supergiant's stellar wind and the physics of the wind's interaction with the neutron star magnetosphere., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in IAU Symposium 346 "High-mass X-ray binaries: illuminating the passage from massive binaries to merging compact objects", 2018 August 27-31, Vienna, Austria

Published
2018
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169. Studying the presence of magnetic fields in a sample of high-mass X-ray binaries

Author

Hubrig, Swetlana, Kholtygin, Alexander F., Sidoli, Lara, Schöller, Markus, and Jarvinen, Silva P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Previous circular polarization observations obtained with the ESO FOcal Reducer low dispersion spectrograpgh at the VLT in 2007-2008 revealed the presence of a weak longitudinal magnetic field on the surface of the optical component of the X-ray binary Cyg X-1, which contains a black hole and an O9.7Iab supergiant on a 5.6d orbit. In this contribution we report on recently acquired FORS2 spectropolarimetric observations of Cyg X-1 along with measurements of a few additional high-mass X-ray binaries., Comment: 5 pages, 1 table, 6 figures, to appear in IAU Symposium 346 "High-mass X-ray binaries: illuminating the passage from massive binaries to merging compact objects", 2018 August 27-31, Vienna, Austria

Published
2018

170. Early B-type stars with resolved Zeeman split lines

Author

Hubrig, S., Jarvinen, S. P., Schöller, M., and Gonzalez, J. F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Almost three decades ago, Mathys (1990) demonstrated the importance of studying Ap stars showing resolved Zeeman split Fe II 6147.7 and 6149.2 lines. Such Zeeman split lines can be seen in stars whose projected rotational velocity is sufficiently small and whose magnetic field is strong enough to exceed the rotational Doppler broadening. Observations of resolved Zeeman split lines permit the diagnosis of the average of the modulus of the magnetic field over the visible stellar hemisphere. Although Zeeman splitting is not expected in faster rotating hot massive stars, we have recently been discovering early B-type stars displaying magnetically split spectral lines., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear in "Radiative signatures from the Cosmos: A meting in honor of Ivan Hubeny", 2018 October 23-26, Paris, France

Published
2018

171. Inverse Anisotropic Catalysis in Holographic QCD

Author

Gursoy, Umut, Jarvinen, Matti, Nijs, Govert, and Pedraza, Juan F.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We investigate the effects of anisotropy on the chiral condensate in a holographic model of QCD with a fully backreacted quark sector at vanishing chemical potential. The high temperature deconfined phase is a neutral and anisotropic plasma showing different pressure gradients along different spatial directions, similar to the state produced in noncentral heavy-ion collisions. We find that the chiral transition occurs at a lower temperature in the presence of anisotropy. Equivalently, we find that anisotropy acts destructively on the chiral condensate near the transition temperature. These are precisely the same footprints as the "inverse magnetic catalysis" i.e. the destruction of the condensate with increasing magnetic field observed earlier on the lattice, in effective field theory models and in holography. Based on our findings we suggest, in accordance with the conjecture of [1], that the cause for the inverse magnetic catalysis may be the anisotropy caused by the presence of the magnetic field instead of the charge dynamics created by it. We conclude that the weakening of the chiral condensate due to anisotropy is more general than that due to a magnetic field and we coin the former "inverse anisotropic catalysis". Finally, we observe that any amount of anisotropy changes the IR physics substantially: the geometry is $\text{AdS}_4 \times \mathbb{R}$ up to small corrections, confinement is present only up to a certain scale, and the particles acquire finite widths., Comment: 41 pages, 11 figures

Published
2018
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172. Holographic QCD in the Veneziano limit and neutron stars

Author

Jokela, Niko, Jarvinen, Matti, and Remes, Jere

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

We use the holographic V-QCD models to analyse the physics of dense QCD and neutron stars. Accommodating lattice results for thermodynamics of QCD enables us to make generic predictions for the Equation of State (EoS) of the quark matter phase in the cold and dense regime. We demonstrate that the resulting pressure in V-QCD matches well with a family of neutron-star-matter EoSs that interpolate between state-of-the-art theoretical results for low and high density QCD. After implementing the astrophysical constraints, i.e., the largest known neutron star mass and the recent LIGO/Virgo results for the tidal deformability, we analyse the phase transition between the baryonic and quark matter phases. We find that the baryon density $n_B$ at the transition is at least 2.9 times the nuclear saturation density $n_s$. The transition is of strongly first order at low and intermediate densities, i.e., for $n_B/n_s \lesssim 7.5$., Comment: 28 pages, 12 figures; v2: number of polytropic EoSs doubled, fig.4 corrected; v3: typos in app. A and digit in html abstract fixed, ref. updated, published version

Published
2018
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173. Does the performance of TDD hold across software companies and premises? A group of industrial experiments on TDD

Author

Santos, Adrian, Jarvinen, Janne, Partanen, Jari, Oivo, Markku, and Juristo, Natalia

Subjects
Computer Science - Software Engineering
Abstract

Test-Driven Development (TDD) has been claimed to increase external software quality. However, the extent to which TDD increases external quality has been seldom studied in industrial experiments. We conduct four industrial experiments in two different companies to evaluate the performance of TDD on external quality. We study whether the performance of TDD holds across premises within the same company and across companies. We identify participant-level characteristics impacting results. Iterative-Test Last (ITL), the reverse approach of TDD, outperforms TDD in three out of four premises. ITL outperforms TDD in both companies. The larger the experience with unit testing and testing tools, the larger the difference in performance between ITL and TDD (in favour of ITL). Technological environment (i.e., programming language and testing tool) seems not to impact results. Evaluating participant-level characteristics impacting results in industrial experiments may ease the understanding of the performance of TDD in realistic settings.

Published
2018

174. Magnetic and pulsational variability of Przybylski's star (HD101065)

Author

Hubrig, S., Jarvinen, S. P., Madej, J., Bychkov, V. D., Ilyin, I., Schöller, M., and Bychkova, L. V.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Since its discovery more than half a century ago Przybylski's star (HD101065) continues to excite the astronomical community by the unusual nature of its spectrum, exhibiting exotic element abundances. This star was also the first magnetic chemically peculiar A-type star for which the presence of rapid oscillations was established. Our analysis of newly acquired and historic longitudinal magnetic field measurements indicates that Przybylski's star is also unusual with respect to its extremely slow rotation. Adopting a dipolar structure for the magnetic field and using a sine wave fit to all reported longitudinal magnetic field values over the last 43yr, we find a probable rotation period P_rot ~ 188yr, which however has to be considered tentative as it does not represent a unique solution and has to be verified by future observations. Additionally, based on our own spectropolarimetric material obtained with HARPSpol, we discuss the impact of the anomalous structure of its atmosphere, in particular of the non-uniform horizontal and vertical distributions of chemical elements on the magnetic field measurements and the pulsational variability. Anomalies related to the vertical abundance stratification of Pr and Nd are for the first time used to establish the presence of a radial magnetic field gradient., Comment: 11 pages, 4 tables, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2018
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175. Electron spin resonance study of atomic hydrogen stabilized in solid neon below 1K

Author

Sheludiakov, Sergey, Ahokas, Janne, Jarvinen, Jarno, Vasiliev, Sergey, Dmitriev, Yuri, Lee, David, and Khmelenko, Vladimir

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Atomic and Molecular Clusters
Abstract

We report on an electron spin resonance study of atomic hydrogen stabilized in a solid Ne matrices carried out at a high field of 4.6 T and temperatures below 1 K. The films of Ne, slowly deposited on the substrate at the temperature $\sim$1 K, exhibited a high degree of porosity. We found that H atoms may be trapped in two different substitutional positions in the Ne lattice as well as inside clusters of pure molecular H$_{2}$ in the pores of the Ne film. The latter type of atoms was very unstable against recombination at temperatures 0.3-0.6$\,$K. Based on the observed nearly instant decays after rapid small increase of temperature, we evaluate the lower limit of the recombination rate constant $k_{r}\geq5\cdot10^{-20}\,$cm$^{3}$s$^{-1}$ at 0.6$\,$K, five orders of magnitude larger than that previously found in the thin films of pure H$_{2}$ at the same temperature. Such behavior assumes a very high mobility of atoms and may indicate a solid-to-liquid transition for H$_{2}$ clusters of certain sizes, similar to that observed in experiments with H$_{2}$ clusters inside helium droplets (Phys. Rev. Lett 101, 205301 (2008)). We found that the efficiency of dissociation of H$_{2}$ in neon films is enhanced by 2 orders of magnitude compared to that in pure H$_{2}$, which is instigated by a strong emission of secondary electrons., Comment: 13 pages, 12 Figures

Published
2018
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176. Burr-hole drainage with or without irrigation for chronic subdural haematoma (FINISH): a Finnish, nationwide, parallel-group, multicentre, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial

Author

Raj, Rahul, primary, Tommiska, Pihla, additional, Koivisto, Timo, additional, Leinonen, Ville, additional, Danner, Nils, additional, Posti, Jussi P, additional, Laukka, Dan, additional, Luoto, Teemu, additional, Rauhala, Minna, additional, Tetri, Sami, additional, Korhonen, Tommi K, additional, Satopää, Jarno, additional, Kivisaari, Riku, additional, Luostarinen, Teemu, additional, Schwartz, Christoph, additional, Czuba, Tomasz, additional, Taimela, Simo, additional, Lönnrot, Kimmo, additional, Järvinen, Teppo L N, additional, Ahmed, Abdirisak, additional, Areda, Tarmo, additional, Bartek, Jiri Jr, additional, Elomaa, Antti-Pekka, additional, Frantzén, Janek, additional, Haapala, Ilkka, additional, Haapasalo, Joonas, additional, Heikkilä, Juuso, additional, Hellman, Minttu, additional, Henttonen, Henna, additional, Huuska, Nora, additional, Järvinen, Teppo LN, additional, Jyrkkänen, Henna-Kaisa, additional, Kaipainen, Aku, additional, Kämäräinen, Olli-Pekka, additional, Kämppi, Hanna, additional, Kelahaara, Milla, additional, Klimko, Nikolai, additional, Knuutinen, Oula A, additional, Korhonen, Tommi, additional, Koskimäki, Janne, additional, Kovalainen, Anselmi, additional, Kuparinen, Xenia, additional, Lehecka, Martin, additional, Lehtimäki, Kai, additional, Luikku, Antti, additional, Luotonen, Janne, additional, Lustig-Tammi, Lauriina, additional, Maanpää, Henna-Riikka, additional, Määttä, Jenni, additional, Möttönen, Timo, additional, Netti, Eliisa, additional, Nevaharju-Sarantis, Laura, additional, Niemelä, Mika, additional, Niskakangas, Tero, additional, Nissinen, Mette, additional, Nurminen, Ville, additional, Oinas, Minna, additional, Ollonen, Teemu, additional, Östberg, Anna, additional, Oulasvirta, Elias, additional, Pantzar, Krista, additional, Piilonen, Katri, additional, Pohjola, Anni, additional, Polvivaara, Markus, additional, Raj, Rahul, additional, Rajala, Linnea, additional, Ranstam, Jonas, additional, Rezai Jahromi, Behnam, additional, Roiha, Miika, additional, Saarenpää, Ilkka, additional, Sajanti, Antti, additional, Salmi, Henrikki, additional, Shemeikka, Niina, additional, Sorto, Pia, additional, Thesleff, Tuomo, additional, Tuomisto, Maarit, additional, Vartiainen, Nuutti, additional, Vasankari, Ville, additional, Virta, Jyri, additional, Visuri, Mikko, additional, Walle, Paula, additional, and Zeiler, Frederick A, additional

Published
2024
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177. Patient-derived tumor explant models of tumor immune microenvironment reveal distinct and reproducible immunotherapy responses

Author

Turpin, Rita, primary, Peltonen, Karita, additional, Rannikko, Jenna H, additional, Liu, Ruixian, additional, Kumari, Anita N, additional, Nicorici, Daniel, additional, Lee, Moon Hee, additional, Mutka, Minna, additional, Kovanen, Panu E, additional, Niinikoski, Laura, additional, Meretoja, Tuomo, additional, Mattson, Johanna, additional, Järvinen, Petrus, additional, Lahdensuo, Kanerva, additional, Järvinen, Riikka, additional, Tornberg, Sara, additional, Mirtti, Tuomas JK, additional, Boström, Pia, additional, Koskivuo, Ilkka, additional, Thotakura, Anil, additional, Pouwels, Jeroen, additional, Hollmén, Maija, additional, Mustjoki, Satu, additional, and Klefström, Juha, additional

Published
2024
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178. LCA for treatment of wood waste in the Nordics

Author

Aho, Jatta, primary, Järvinen, Kaisa, additional, Saari, Pauliina, additional, Horváth, Magda, additional, Leino, Katri, additional, Kontiokari, Venla, additional, Joelsson, Anna, additional, Asker, Andreas, additional, Eklöv, Isak, additional, Lindqvist, Karin, additional, Collin, Christine, additional, Hald, Julie, additional, and Sjöstrand Cochard, Karin, additional

Published
2022
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179. The Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Serum Biomarkers among Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain and Modic Changes in Lumbar Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Author

Koivisto, Katri, Karppinen, Jaro, Haapea, Marianne, Järvinen, Jyri, Kyllönen, Eero, Tervonen, Osmo, Niinimäki, Jaakko, Alini, Mauro, Lotz, Jeffrey, Dudli, Stefan, Samartzis, Dino, Risteli, Juha, Majuri, Marja-Leena, Alenius, Harri, and Grad, Sibylle

Subjects
Modic change, chronic low back pain, magnetic resonance imaging, randomized trial, serum biomarkers, zoledronic acid
Abstract

The aim of the current study was to compare changes in serum biomarkers, including inflammatory mediators, signaling molecules, growth factors and markers of bone turnover after a single intravenous infusion of 5 mg zoledronic acid (ZA, a long-acting bisphosphonate; n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) among patients with Modic changes (MC) and chronic low back pain in a randomized controlled design. The MCs were classified into M1, predominating M1, predominating M2, and M2. We measured the serum concentrations of 39 biomarkers at baseline, and one month and one year after treatment. After Benjamini-Hochberg (B-H) correction, we observed significant differences in three biomarkers over one year: Interferon-γ-inducible protein (IP10) had risen in the ZA group (p = 0.005), whereas alkaline phosphatase (AFOS) and intact procollagen I N-terminal propeptide (iPINP) had significantly decreased in the ZA group, but had not changed in the placebo group (p < 0.001 for both). Change in iPINP correlated with change in the volume of all MC and M1 lesions. ZA downregulated bone turnover markers as expected and, surprisingly, increased the chemokine IP-10 relative to placebo treatment. This adds to our knowledge of the effects of ZA on MC and the biomarkers that signal this process.

Published
2019

180. Infant milk-feeding practices and food allergies, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma throughout the life span: a systematic review.

Author

Güngör, Darcy, Nadaud, Perrine, LaPergola, Concetta, Dreibelbis, Carol, Wong, Yat, Terry, Nancy, Abrams, Steve, Beker, Leila, Jacobovits, Tova, Järvinen, Kirsi, Nommsen-Rivers, Laurie, OBrien, Kimberly, Oken, Emily, Pérez-Escamilla, Rafael, Ziegler, Ekhard, and Spahn, Joanne

Subjects
allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, breastfeeding, child, food allergy, human milk, infant, systematic review, toddler, Adolescent, Asthma, Breast Feeding, Child, Dermatitis, Atopic, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Food Hypersensitivity, Humans, Infant, Infant Formula, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Infant, Newborn, Milk, Human, Rhinitis, Allergic
Abstract

BACKGROUND: During the Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project, the USDA and Department of Health and Human Services initiated a review of evidence on diet and health in these populations. OBJECTIVES: The aim of these systematic reviews was to examine the relation of 1) never versus ever feeding human milk, 2) shorter versus longer durations of any human milk feeding, 3) shorter versus longer durations of exclusive human milk feeding prior to infant formula introduction, 4) feeding a lower versus higher intensity of human milk to mixed-fed infants, and 5) feeding a higher intensity of human milk by bottle versus breast with food allergies, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma. METHODS: The Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team conducted systematic reviews with external experts. We searched CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed for articles published between January 1980 and March 2016, dual-screened the results according to predetermined criteria, extracted data from and assessed the risk of bias for each included study, qualitatively synthesized the evidence, developed conclusion statements, and graded the strength of the evidence. RESULTS: The systematic reviews numbered 1-5 above included 44, 35, 1, 0, and 0 articles, respectively. Moderate, mostly observational, evidence suggests that 1) never versus ever being fed human milk is associated with higher risk of childhood asthma, and 2) among children and adolescents who were fed human milk as infants, shorter versus longer durations of any human milk feeding are associated with higher risk of asthma. Limited evidence does not suggest associations between 1) never versus ever being fed human milk and atopic dermatitis in childhood or 2) the duration of any human milk feeding and allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in childhood. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate evidence suggests that feeding human milk for short durations or not at all is associated with higher childhood asthma risk. Evidence on food allergies, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis is limited.

Published
2019

181. Infant milk-feeding practices and cardiovascular disease outcomes in offspring: a systematic review.

Author

Güngör, Darcy, Nadaud, Perrine, LaPergola, Concetta, Dreibelbis, Carol, Wong, Yat, Terry, Nancy, Abrams, Steve, Beker, Leila, Jacobovits, Tova, Järvinen, Kirsi, Nommsen-Rivers, Laurie, OBrien, Kimberly, Oken, Emily, Pérez-Escamilla, Rafael, Ziegler, Ekhard, and Spahn, Joanne

Subjects
blood pressure, breastfeeding, cardiovascular disease, cholesterol, human milk, hypertension, infant nutrition, metabolic syndrome, systematic review, Blood Pressure, Breast Feeding, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Infant, Infant Formula, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Infant, Newborn, Milk, Human
Abstract

BACKGROUND: During the Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project, the US Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services initiated a review of evidence on diet and health in these populations. OBJECTIVES: The aim of these systematic reviews was to examine the relation of 1) never versus ever feeding human milk, 2) shorter versus longer durations of any human milk feeding, 3) shorter versus longer durations of exclusive human milk feeding, and 4) lower versus higher intensities of human milk fed to mixed-fed infants with intermediate and endpoint cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in offspring. METHODS: The Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team conducted systematic reviews with external experts. We searched CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed for articles published January 1980-March 2016, dual-screened the results using predetermined criteria, extracted data from and assessed the risk of bias for each included study, qualitatively synthesized the evidence, developed conclusion statements, and graded the strength of the evidence. RESULTS: The 4 systematic reviews included 13, 24, 6, and 0 articles, respectively. The evidence was insufficient to draw conclusions about endpoint CVD outcomes across all 4 systematic reviews. Limited evidence suggests that never versus ever being fed human milk is associated with higher blood pressure within a normal range at 6-7 y of age. Moderate evidence suggests there is no association between the duration of any human milk feeding and childhood blood pressure. Limited evidence suggests there is no association between the duration of exclusive human milk feeding and blood pressure or metabolic syndrome in childhood. Additional evidence about intermediate outcomes for the 4 systematic reviews was scant or inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about the relationships between infant milk-feeding practices and endpoint CVD outcomes; however, some evidence suggests that feeding less or no human milk is not associated with childhood hypertension.

Published
2019

182. Infant milk-feeding practices and childhood leukemia: a systematic review.

Author

Güngör, Darcy, Nadaud, Perrine, Dreibelbis, Carol, LaPergola, Concetta, Wong, Yat, Terry, Nancy, Abrams, Steve, Beker, Leila, Jacobovits, Tova, Järvinen, Kirsi, Nommsen-Rivers, Laurie, OBrien, Kimberly, Oken, Emily, Pérez-Escamilla, Rafael, Ziegler, Ekhard, and Spahn, Joanne

Subjects
breast milk, breastfeeding, child, human milk, infant, leukemia, systematic review, toddler, Breast Feeding, Child, Child Health, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Infant, Infant Formula, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Infant, Newborn, Leukemia, Milk, Human, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
Abstract

BACKGROUND: During the Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project, the US Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services initiated a review of evidence on diet and health in these populations. OBJECTIVES: The aim of these systematic reviews was to examine the relation of 1) never versus ever feeding human milk, 2) shorter versus longer durations of any human milk feeding, 3) shorter versus longer durations of exclusive human milk feeding, and 4) feeding a lower versus higher intensity of human milk to mixed-fed infants with acute childhood leukemia, generally, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, specifically. METHODS: The Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team conducted systematic reviews with external experts. We searched CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed for articles published January 1980 to March 2016, dual-screened the results using predetermined criteria, extracted data from and assessed risk of bias for each included study, qualitatively synthesized the evidence, developed conclusion statements, and graded the strength of the evidence. RESULTS: We included 24 articles from case-control or retrospective studies. Limited evidence suggests that never feeding human milk versus 1) ever feeding human milk and 2) feeding human milk for durations ≥6 mo are associated with a slightly higher risk of acute childhood leukemia, whereas evidence comparing never feeding human milk with feeding human milk for durations

Published
2019

183. Infant milk-feeding practices and diabetes outcomes in offspring: a systematic review.

Author

Güngör, Darcy, Nadaud, Perrine, LaPergola, Concetta, Dreibelbis, Carol, Wong, Yat, Terry, Nancy, Abrams, Steve, Beker, Leila, Jacobovits, Tova, Järvinen, Kirsi, Nommsen-Rivers, Laurie, OBrien, Kimberly, Oken, Emily, Pérez-Escamilla, Rafael, Ziegler, Ekhard, and Spahn, Joanne

Subjects
breast milk, breastfeeding, diabetes, fasting glucose, human milk, insulin resistance, systematic review, Breast Feeding, Child, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Infant, Infant Formula, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Infant, Newborn, Milk, Human
Abstract

BACKGROUND: During the Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project, the US Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services initiated a review of evidence on diet and health in these populations. OBJECTIVES: The aim of these systematic reviews was to examine the relation of 1) never versus ever feeding human milk, 2) shorter versus longer durations of any human milk feeding, 3) shorter versus longer durations of exclusive human milk feeding, and 4) feeding a lower versus higher intensity of human milk to mixed-fed infants with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in offspring. METHODS: The Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team conducted systematic reviews with external experts. We searched CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed for articles published January 1980-March 2016, dual-screened the results according to predetermined criteria, extracted data from and assessed the risk of bias for each included study, qualitatively synthesized the evidence, developed conclusion statements, and graded the strength of the evidence. RESULTS: The 4 systematic reviews included 21, 37, 18, and 1 articles, respectively. Observational evidence suggests that never versus ever feeding human milk (limited evidence) and shorter versus longer durations of any (moderate evidence) and exclusive (limited evidence) human milk feeding are associated with higher type 1 diabetes risk. Insufficient evidence examined type 2 diabetes. Limited evidence suggests that the durations of any and exclusive human milk feeding are not associated with intermediate outcomes (e.g., fasting glucose, insulin resistance) during childhood. CONCLUSIONS: Limited to moderate evidence suggests that feeding less or no human milk is associated with higher risk of type 1 diabetes in offspring. Limited evidence suggests no associations between the durations of any and exclusive human milk feeding and intermediate diabetes outcomes in children. Additional research is needed on infant milk-feeding practices and type 2 diabetes and intermediate outcomes in US populations, which may have distinct metabolic risk.

Published
2019

184. Infant milk-feeding practices and diagnosed celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease in offspring: a systematic review.

Author

Güngör, Darcy, Nadaud, Perrine, Dreibelbis, Carol, LaPergola, Concetta, Wong, Yat, Terry, Nancy, Abrams, Steve, Beker, Leila, Jacobovits, Tova, Järvinen, Kirsi, Nommsen-Rivers, Laurie, OBrien, Kimberly, Oken, Emily, Pérez-Escamilla, Rafael, Ziegler, Ekhard, and Spahn, Joanne

Subjects
Crohn disease, breast milk, breastfeeding, celiac disease, human milk, inflammatory bowel disease, systematic review, ulcerative colitis, Breast Feeding, Celiac Disease, Child, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Infant, Infant Formula, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Infant, Newborn, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Milk, Human
Abstract

BACKGROUND: During the Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project, the USDA and US Department of Health and Human Services initiated an evidence review on diet and health in these populations. OBJECTIVE: The aim of these systematic reviews was to examine the relationships of never versus ever feeding human milk, shorter versus longer durations of any and exclusive human milk feeding, and feeding a lower versus a higher intensity of human milk to mixed-fed infants with diagnosed celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: The Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team (formerly called the Nutrition Evidence Library) conducted systematic reviews with external experts. We searched CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed for articles published January, 1980 to March, 2016, dual-screened the results using predetermined criteria, extracted data from and assessed risk of bias for each included study, qualitatively synthesized the evidence, developed conclusion statements, and graded the strength of the evidence. RESULTS: We included 9 celiac disease and 17 IBD articles. Limited case-control evidence suggests never versus ever being fed human milk is associated with higher risk of celiac disease, but concerns about reverse causality precluded a conclusion about the relationship of shorter versus longer durations of any human milk feeding with celiac disease. Evidence examining never versus ever feeding human milk and IBD was inconclusive, and limited, but consistent, case-control evidence suggests that, among infants fed human milk, shorter versus longer durations of any human milk feeding are associated with higher risk of IBD. For both outcomes, evidence examining the duration of exclusive human milk feeding was scant and no articles examined the intensity of human milk fed to mixed-fed infants. CONCLUSION: Limited case-control evidence suggests that feeding human milk for short durations or not at all associates with higher risk of diagnosed IBD and celiac disease, respectively. The small number of studies and concern about reverse causality and recall bias prevent stronger conclusions.

Published
2019

185. Risk of Complications After Hydrocele Surgery: A Retrospective Multicenter Study in Helsinki Metropolitan Area

Author

Lauri Mäki-Lohiluoma, Tuomas P. Kilpeläinen, Petrus Järvinen, Henna K. Söderström, Kari A.O. Tikkinen, and Jukka Sairanen

Subjects
Hydrocele, Surgery, Hydrocelectomy, Complications, Benign scrotal surgery, Reconstructive surgery, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Background: Despite being one of the most frequent urological procedures, the risk estimates for complications after hydrocele surgery (hydrocelectomy) are uncertain. Decision-making about hydrocelectomy involves balancing the risk of complications with efficacy of surgery—a tradeoff that critically depends on the complication risks of hydrocele surgery. Objective: To examine the 90-d risks of complications of hydrocele surgery in a large, contemporary sample. Design, setting, and participants: We retrospectively reviewed all surgeries performed for nonrecurrent hydroceles conducted in all five Helsinki metropolitan area public hospitals from the beginning of 2010 till the end of 2018, and evaluated the complication outcomes. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The following outcomes were evaluated: (1) risk of moderate or severe (Clavien-Dindo II–V) hydrocele surgery complications, (2) risk of reoperation due to a surgical complication, and (3) risk of an unplanned postoperative visit to the emergency room or outpatient clinic, all within 90 d after surgery. Results and limitations: We identified 866 hydrocele operations (38 [4.3%] bilateral operations). A total of 139 (16.1%) patients had moderate or severe hydrocele surgery complications within 90 d after surgery. Of the 139 complications, 94 were (10.9% of all or 67.6% of patients with moderate or severe complications) Clavien-Dindo grade II, 43 (5.0% and 30.9%, respectively) grade III, two (0.2% and 1.4%, respectively) grade IV, and none grade V. A total of 45 patients (5.2% of all and 32.4% of those who had moderate or severe complications) required immediate reoperation due to complications. All together 219 operated patients (25.3% of all operated patients) had an unplanned visit to the emergency room. The retrospective study design limits the reliability of the results. Conclusions: Complications after hydrocele surgery are common and warrant further research. These estimates can be useful in shared decision-making between clinicians and patients. Patient summary: We investigated the complication rates after hydrocele surgery and found that complications are common after a procedure often considered minor: every ninth patient had a moderate and every 20th a severe complication. Every fourth patient had an unplanned postoperative visit to the emergency room.

Published
2022
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186. The tumor and plasma cytokine profiles of renal cell carcinoma patients

Author

Moon Hee Lee, Essi Laajala, Anna Kreutzman, Petrus Järvinen, Harry Nísen, Tuomas Mirtti, Maija Hollmén, and Satu Mustjoki

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 90% of all renal cancers and is considered highly immunogenic. Although many studies have reported the circulating peripheral cytokine profiles, the signatures between the tumor tissue and matching healthy adjacent renal tissue counterparts have not been explored. We aimed to comprehensively investigate the cytokine landscape of RCC tumors and its correlation between the amount and phenotype of the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). We analyzed the secretion of 42 cytokines from the tumor (n = 46), adjacent healthy kidney tissues (n = 23) and matching plasma samples (n = 33) with a Luminex-based assay. We further explored the differences between the tissue types, as well as correlated the findings with clinical data and detailed immunophenotyping of the TILs. Using an unsupervised clustering approach, we observed distinct differences in the cytokine profiles between the tumor and adjacent renal tissue samples. The tumor samples clustered into three distinct profiles based on the cytokine expressions: high (52.2% of the tumors), intermediate (26.1%), and low (21.7%). Most of the tumor cytokines positively correlated with each other, except for IL-8 that showed no correlation with any of the measured cytokine expressions. Furthermore, the quantity of lymphocytes in the tumor samples analyzed with flow cytometry positively correlated with the chemokine-family of cytokines, CXCL10 (IP-10) and CXCL9 (MIG). No significant correlations were found between the tumor and matching plasma cytokines, suggesting that circulating cytokines poorly mirror the tumor cytokine environment. Our study highlights distinct cytokine profiles in the RCC tumor microenvironment and provides insights to potential biomarkers for the treatment of RCC.

Published
2022
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187. Tutorial: Statistical analysis and reporting of clinical pharmacokinetic studies

Author

Ann‐Cathrine Dalgård Dunvald, Ditte Bork Iversen, Andreas Ludvig Ohm Svendsen, Katrine Agergaard, Ida Berglund Kuhlmann, Christina Mortensen, Nanna Elman Andersen, Erkka Järvinen, and Tore Bjerregaard Stage

Subjects
Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Pharmacokinetics is the cornerstone of understanding drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. It is also the key to describing variability in drug response caused by drug‐drug interactions (DDIs), pharmacogenetics, impaired kidney and liver function, etc. This tutorial aims to provide a guideline and step‐by‐step tutorial on essential considerations when designing clinical pharmacokinetic studies and reporting results. This includes a comprehensive guide on how to conduct the statistical analysis and a complete code for the statistical software R. As an example, we created a mock dataset simulating a clinical pharmacokinetic DDI study with 12 subjects who were administered 2 mg oral midazolam with and without an inducer of cytochrome P450 3A. We provide a step‐by‐step guide to the statistical analysis of this clinical pharmacokinetic study, including sample size/power calculation, descriptive statistics, noncompartmental analyses, and hypothesis testing. The different analyses and parameters are described in detail, and we provide a complete R code ready to use in supplementary files. Finally, we discuss important considerations when designing and reporting clinical pharmacokinetic studies. The scope of this tutorial is not limited to DDI studies, and with minor adjustments, it applies to all types of clinical pharmacokinetic studies. This work was done by early career researchers for early career researchers. We hope this tutorial may help early career researchers when getting started on their own pharmacokinetic studies. We encourage you to use this as an inspiration and starting point and continuously evolve your statistical skills.

Published
2022
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188. A strategy for successful integration of DNA-based methods in aquatic monitoring

Author

Philippe Blancher, Estelle Lefrançois, Frédéric Rimet, Valentin Vasselon, Christine Argillier, Jens Arle, Pedro Beja, Pieter Boets, Jeanne Boughaba, Christian Chauvin, Michael Deacon, Willie Duncan, Gunilla Ejdung, Stefania Erba, Benoit Ferrari, Helmut Fischer, Bernd Hänfling, Michael Haldin, Daniel Hering, Nicolas Hette-Tronquart, Alice Hiley, Marko Järvinen, Benjamin Jeannot, Maria Kahlert, Martyn Kelly, Julia Kleinteich, Serdar Koyuncuoğlu, Sascha Krenek, Sidsel Langhein-Winther, Florian Leese, David Mann, Rémy Marcel, Stefania Marcheggiani, Kristian Meissner, Patricia Mergen, Olivier Monnier, Frank Narendja, Diane Neu, Veronica Onofre Pinto, Alina Pawlowska, Jan Pawlowski, Martin Petersen, Sandra Poikane, Didier Pont, Marie-Sophie Renevier, Steinar Sandoy, Jonas Svensson, Rosa Trobajo, Andrea Tünde Zagyva, Iakovos Tziortzis, Berry van der Hoorn, Marlen Ines Vasquez, Kerry Walsh, Alexander Weigand, and Agnès Bouchez

Subjects
Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Recent advances in molecular biomonitoring open new horizons for aquatic ecosystem assessment. Rapid and cost-effective methods based on organismal DNA or environmental DNA (eDNA) now offer the opportunity to produce inventories of indicator taxa that can subsequently be used to assess biodiversity and ecological quality. However, the integration of these new DNA-based methods into current monitoring practices is not straightforward, and will require coordinated actions in the coming years at national and international levels. To plan and stimulate such an integration, the European network DNAqua-Net (COST Action CA15219) brought together international experts from academia, as well as key environmental biomonitoring stakeholders from different European countries. Together, this transdisciplinary consortium developed a roadmap for implementing DNA-based methods with a focus on inland waters assessed by the EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC). This was done through a series of online workshops held in April 2020, which included fifty participants, followed by extensive synthesis work. The roadmap is organised around six objectives: 1) to highlight the effectiveness and benefits of DNA-based methods, 2) develop an adaptive approach for the implementation of new methods, 3) provide guidelines and standards for best practice, 4) engage stakeholders and ensure effective knowledge transfer, 5) support the environmental biomonitoring sector to achieve the required changes, 6) steer the process and harmonise efforts at the European level. This paper provides an overview of the forum discussions and the common European views that have emerged from them, while reflecting the diversity of situations in different countries. It highlights important actions required for a successful implementation of DNA-based biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems by 2030.

Published
2022
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189. Participant characteristics and safety outcomes of peanut oral immunotherapy in the RAMSES and ARC011 trials

Author

Assa'ad, Amal H., Bernstein, David I., Bird, J. Andrew, Carr, Tara F., Carr, Warner W., Cheema, Amarjit S., Corren, Jonathan, Darter, Amy Liebl, Dorsey, Morna J., Fineman, Stanley M., Fleischer, David M., Fritz, Stephen B., Gogate, Shaila U., Greiner, Alexander N., Hampel, Frank C., Jr., Jacobs, Joshua S., Jain, Sanjeev, Jarvinen-Seppo, Kirsi, Jeong, David K., Johnston, Douglas T., Kachru, Rita, Kim, Edwin H., Koleilat, Majed, Lanser, Bruce J., Leonard, Stephanie A., Maier, Mary C., Manning, Michael E., Mansfield, Lyndon E., Matz, Jonathan, Nadeau, Kari, Ohayon, Jason A., Perez, Elena, Petroni, Daniel H., Pollard, Stephen J., Ponda, Punita, Portnoy, Jay M., Rachid, Rima, Ratner, Paul H., Robison, Rachel, Rupp, Ned T., Sanders, Georgiana M., Sharma, Hemant P., Sher, Ellen R., Sher, Lawrence D., Sher, Mandel, Shreffler, Wayne G., Siri, Dareen D., Skolnick, Helen S., Soong, Weily, Soteres, Daniel F., Spergel, Jonathan M., Stillerman, Allan, Sussman, Gordon L., Tam, Jonathan, Varshney, Pooja, Waserman, Susan, Windom, Hugh H., Wood, Robert, Yang, William H., Ciaccio, Christina, Goldsobel, Alan B., Anagnostou, Aikaterini, Beyer, Kirsten, Casale, Thomas B., Deschildre, Antoine, Fernández-Rivas, Montserrat, Hourihane, Jonathan O'B., Krawiec, Marta, Lieberman, Jay, Scurlock, Amy M., Vickery, Brian P., Smith, Alex, Tilles, Stephen A., Adelman, Daniel C., and Brown, Kari R.

Published
2022
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190. ACEpotentials.jl: A Julia implementation of the atomic cluster expansion.

Author

Witt, William C., van der Oord, Cas, Gelžinytė, Elena, Järvinen, Teemu, Ross, Andres, Darby, James P., Ho, Cheuk Hin, Baldwin, William J., Sachs, Matthias, Kermode, James, Bernstein, Noam, Csányi, Gábor, and Ortner, Christoph

Subjects
ATOMIC clusters, MICROCLUSTERS, ACTIVE learning, INTEGRATED software, ATOMS, DESCRIPTOR systems
Abstract

We introduce ACEpotentials.jl, a Julia-language software package that constructs interatomic potentials from quantum mechanical reference data using the Atomic Cluster Expansion [R. Drautz, Phys. Rev. B 99, 014104 (2019)]. As the latter provides a complete description of atomic environments, including invariance to overall translation and rotation as well as permutation of like atoms, the resulting potentials are systematically improvable and data efficient. Furthermore, the descriptor's expressiveness enables use of a linear model, facilitating rapid evaluation and straightforward application of Bayesian techniques for active learning. We summarize the capabilities of ACEpotentials.jl and demonstrate its strengths (simplicity, interpretability, robustness, performance) on a selection of prototypical atomistic modelling workflows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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191. The relationship of trait-like compassion with epigenetic aging: The population-based prospective Young Finns Study

Author

Henrik Dobewall, Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen, Saara Marttila, Pashupati P. Mishra, Aino Saarinen, C. Robert Cloninger, Igor Zwir, Mika Kähönen, Mikko Hurme, Olli Raitakari, Terho Lehtimäki, and Mirka Hintsanen

Subjects
compassion, temperament and character inventory, DNA methylation, epigenetic aging, DNAmPhenoAge, prosocial personality, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

IntroductionHelping others within and beyond the family has been related to living a healthy and long life. Compassion is a prosocial personality trait characterized by concern for another person who is suffering and the motivation to help. The current study examines whether epigenetic aging is a potential biological mechanism that explains the link between prosociality and longevity.MethodsWe used data from the Young Finns Study that follows six birth-cohorts from age 3–18 to 19–49. Trait-like compassion for others was measured with the Temperament and Character Inventory in the years 1997 and 2001. Epigenetic age acceleration and telomere length were measured with five DNA methylation (DNAm) indicators (DNAmAgeHorvath, IEAA_Hannum, EEAA_Hannum, DNAmPhenoAge, and DNAmTL) based on blood drawn in 2011. We controlled for sex, socioeconomic status in childhood and adulthood, and body-mass index.Results and discussionAn association between higher compassion in 1997 and a less accelerated DNAmPhenoAge, which builds on previous work on phenotypic aging, approached statistical significance in a sex-adjusted model (n = 1,030; b = −0.34; p = 0.050). Compassion in 1997 predicted less accelerated epigenetic aging over and above the control variables (n = 843; b = −0.47; p = 0.016). There was no relationship between compassion in 2001 (n = 1108/910) and any of the other four studied epigenetic aging indicators. High compassion for others might indeed influence whether an individual’s biological age is lower than their chronological age. The conducted robustness checks partially support this conclusion, yet cannot rule out that there might be a broader prosocial trait behind the findings. The observed associations are interesting but should be interpreted as weak requiring replication.

Published
2023
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192. The Role of Academic Buoyancy and Social Support in Mediating Associations between Academic Stress and School Engagement in Finnish Primary School Children

Author

af Ursin, Piia, Järvinen, Tero, and Pihlaja, Päivi

Abstract

School engagement is critical to learning and long-term academic success. Feeling overwhelmed with school demands form a threat to students' engagement. We examined the roles of person-internal (academic buoyancy) and person-external (social support) factors in mediating the association between academic stress and school engagement among primary school children in Finland. A sample of 403 children aged 8-9 years participated in this study. Analysis using structural equation modeling revealed that academic stress is negatively associated with engagement. The effect of academic stress on cognitive engagement was fully mediated by academic buoyancy and social support, whereas the effect on emotional engagement was partially mediated by these. Results suggest that supporting children's ability to deal with setbacks, providing social support, and promoting a socially supportive climate could be effective for the prevention of stress and its negative association with school engagement.

Published
2021
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195. Erratum: Measurement of prompt and nonprompt charmonium suppression in PbPb collisions at 5.02 TeV

Author

Sirunyan, A. M., Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Ambrogi, F., Asilar, E., Bergauer, T., Brandstetter, J., Brondolin, E., Dragicevic, M., Erö, J., Valle, A. Escalante Del, Flechl, M., Friedl, M., Frühwirth, R., Ghete, V. M., Grossmann, J., Hrubec, J., Jeitler, M., König, A., Krammer, N., Krätschmer, I., Liko, D., Madlener, T., Mikulec, I., Pree, E., Rad, N., Rohringer, H., Schieck, J., Schöfbeck, R., Spanring, M., Spitzbart, D., Waltenberger, W., Wittmann, J., Wulz, C.-E., Zarucki, M., Chekhovsky, V., Mossolov, V., Gonzalez, J. Suarez, De Wolf, E. A., Croce, D. Di, Janssen, X., Lauwers, J., De Klundert, M. Van, Haevermaet, H. Van, Mechelen, P. Van, Remortel, N. Van, Zeid, S. Abu, Blekman, F., D’Hondt, J., De Bruyn, I., De Clercq, J., Deroover, K., Flouris, G., Lontkovskyi, D., Lowette, S., Marchesini, I., Moortgat, S., Moreels, L., Python, Q., Skovpen, K., Tavernier, S., Doninck, W. Van, Mulders, P. Van, Parijs, I. Van, Beghin, D., Bilin, B., Brun, H., Clerbaux, B., De Lentdecker, G., Delannoy, H., Dorney, B., Fasanella, G., Favart, L., Goldouzian, R., Grebenyuk, A., Kalsi, A. K., Lenzi, T., Luetic, J., Maerschalk, T., Marinov, A., Seva, T., Starling, E., Velde, C. Vander, Vanlaer, P., Vannerom, D., Yonamine, R., Zenoni, F., Cornelis, T., Dobur, D., Fagot, A., Gul, M., Khvastunov, I., Poyraz, D., Roskas, C., Salva, S., Tytgat, M., Verbeke, W., Zaganidis, N., Bakhshiansohi, H., Bondu, O., Brochet, S., Bruno, G., Caputo, C., Caudron, A., David, P., De Visscher, S., Delaere, C., Delcourt, M., Francois, B., Giammanco, A., Komm, M., Krintiras, G., Lemaitre, V., Magitteri, A., Mertens, A., Musich, M., Piotrzkowski, K., Quertenmont, L., Saggio, A., Marono, M. Vidal, Wertz, S., Zobec, J., Júnior, W. L. Aldá, Alves, F. L., Alves, G. A., Brito, L., Junior, M. Correa Martins, Hensel, C., Moraes, A., Pol, M. E., Teles, P. Rebello, Chagas, E. Belchior Batista Das, Carvalho, W., Chinellato, J., Coelho, E., Da Costa, E. M., Da Silveira, G. G., De Jesus Damiao, D., De Souza, S. Fonseca, Guativa, L. M. Huertas, Malbouisson, H., De Almeida, M. Melo, Herrera, C. Mora, Mundim, L., Nogima, H., Rosas, L. J. Sanchez, Santoro, A., Sznajder, A., Thiel, M., Manganote, E. J. Tonelli, Da Silva De Araujo, F. Torres, Pereira, A. Vilela, Ahuja, S., Bernardes, C. A., Tomei, T. R. Fernandez Perez, Gregores, E. M., Mercadante, P. G., Novaes, S. F., Padula, Sandra S., Abad, D. Romero, Vargas, J. C. Ruiz, Aleksandrov, A., Hadjiiska, R., Iaydjiev, P., Misheva, M., Rodozov, M., Shopova, M., Sultanov, G., Dimitrov, A., Litov, L., Pavlov, B., Petkov, P., Fang, W., Gao, X., Yuan, L., Ahmad, M., Bian, J. G., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Jiang, C. H., Leggat, D., Liao, H., Liu, Z., Romeo, F., Shaheen, S. M., Spiezia, A., Tao, J., Wang, C., Wang, Z., Yazgan, E., Zhang, H., Zhang, S., Zhao, J., Ban, Y., Chen, G., Li, J., Li, Q., Liu, S., Mao, Y., Qian, S. J., Wang, D., Xu, Z., Zhang, F., Wang, Y., Avila, C., Cabrera, A., Montoya, C. A. Carrillo, Sierra, L. F. Chaparro, Florez, C., Hernández, C. F. González, Alvarez, J. D. Ruiz, Delgado, M. A. Segura, Courbon, B., Godinovic, N., Lelas, D., Puljak, I., Cipriano, P. M. Ribeiro, Sculac, T., Antunovic, Z., Kovac, M., Brigljevic, V., Ferencek, D., Kadija, K., Mesic, B., Starodumov, A., Susa, T., Ather, M. W., Attikis, A., Mavromanolakis, G., Mousa, J., Nicolaou, C., Ptochos, F., Razis, P. A., Rykaczewski, H., Finger, M., Finger, Jr., M., Jarrin, E. Carrera, Mahmoud, M. A., Mohammed, Y., Salama, E., Dewanjee, R. K., Kadastik, M., Perrini, L., Raidal, M., Tiko, A., Veelken, C., Eerola, P., Kirschenmann, H., Pekkanen, J., Voutilainen, M., Havukainen, J., Heikkilä, J. K., Järvinen, T., Karimäki, V., Kinnunen, R., Lampén, T., Lassila-Perini, K., Laurila, S., Lehti, S., Lindén, T., Luukka, P., Siikonen, H., Tuominen, E., Tuominiemi, J., Tuuva, T., Besancon, M., Couderc, F., Dejardin, M., Denegri, D., Faure, J. L., Ferri, F., Ganjour, S., Ghosh, S., Gras, P., de Monchenault, G. Hamel, Jarry, P., Kucher, I., Leloup, C., Locci, E., Machet, M., Malcles, J., Negro, G., Rander, J., Rosowsky, A., Sahin, M.Ö., Titov, M., Abdulsalam, A., Amendola, C., Antropov, I., Baffioni, S., Beaudette, F., Busson, P., Cadamuro, L., Charlot, C., de Cassagnac, R. Granier, Jo, M., Lisniak, S., Lobanov, A., Blanco, J. Martin, Nguyen, M., Ochando, C., Ortona, G., Paganini, P., Pigard, P., Salerno, R., Sauvan, J. B., Sirois, Y., Leiton, A. G. Stahl, Strebler, T., Yilmaz, Y., Zabi, A., Zghiche, A., Agram, J.-L., Andrea, J., Bloch, D., Brom, J.-M., Buttignol, M., Chabert, E. C., Chanon, N., Collard, C., Conte, E., Coubez, X., Fontaine, J.-C., Gelé, D., Goerlach, U., Jansová, M., Bihan, A.-C. Le, Tonon, N., Hove, P. Van, Gadrat, S., Beauceron, S., Bernet, C., Boudoul, G., Chierici, R., Contardo, D., Depasse, P., Mamouni, H. El, Fay, J., Finco, L., Gascon, S., Gouzevitch, M., Grenier, G., Ille, B., Lagarde, F., Laktineh, I. B., Lethuillier, M., Mirabito, L., Pequegnot, A. L., Perries, S., Popov, A., Sordini, V., Donckt, M. Vander, Viret, S., Toriashvili, T., Tsamalaidze, Z., Autermann, C., Feld, L., Kiesel, M. K., Klein, K., Lipinski, M., Preuten, M., Schomakers, C., Schulz, J., Teroerde, M., Zhukov, V., Albert, A., Dietz-Laursonn, E., Duchardt, D., Endres, M., Erdmann, M., Erdweg, S., Esch, T., Fischer, R., Güth, A., Hamer, M., Hebbeker, T., Heidemann, C., Hoepfner, K., Knutzen, S., Merschmeyer, M., Meyer, A., Millet, P., Mukherjee, S., Pook, T., Radziej, M., Reithler, H., Rieger, M., Scheuch, F., Teyssier, D., Thüer, S., Flügge, G., Kargoll, B., Kress, T., Künsken, A., Müller, T., Nehrkorn, A., Nowack, A., Pistone, C., Pooth, O., Stahl, A., Martin, M. Aldaya, Arndt, T., Asawatangtrakuldee, C., Beernaert, K., Behnke, O., Behrens, U., Martínez, A. Bermúdez, Anuar, A. A. Bin, Borras, K., Botta, V., Campbell, A., Connor, P., Contreras-Campana, C., Costanza, F., Pardos, C. Diez, Eckerlin, G., Eckstein, D., Eichhorn, T., Eren, E., Gallo, E., Garcia, J. Garay, Geiser, A., Luyando, J. M. Grados, Grohsjean, A., Gunnellini, P., Guthoff, M., Harb, A., Hauk, J., Hempel, M., Jung, H., Kasemann, M., Keaveney, J., Kleinwort, C., Korol, I., Krücker, D., Lange, W., Lelek, A., Lenz, T., Leonard, J., Lipka, K., Lohmann, W., Mankel, R., Melzer-Pellmann, I.-A., Meyer, A. B., Mittag, G., Mnich, J., Mussgiller, A., Ntomari, E., Pitzl, D., Raspereza, A., Savitskyi, M., Saxena, P., Shevchenko, R., Stefaniuk, N., Onsem, G. P. Van, Walsh, R., Wen, Y., Wichmann, K., Wissing, C., Zenaiev, O., Aggleton, R., Bein, S., Blobel, V., Vignali, M. Centis, Dreyer, T., Garutti, E., Gonzalez, D., Haller, J., Hinzmann, A., Hoffmann, M., Karavdina, A., Klanner, R., Kogler, R., Kovalchuk, N., Kurz, S., Lapsien, T., Marconi, D., Meyer, M., Niedziela, M., Nowatschin, D., Pantaleo, F., Peiffer, T., Perieanu, A., Scharf, C., Schleper, P., Schmidt, A., Schumann, S., Schwandt, J., Sonneveld, J., Stadie, H., Steinbrück, G., Stober, F. M., Stöver, M., Tholen, H., Troendle, D., Usai, E., Vanhoefer, A., Vormwald, B., Akbiyik, M., Barth, C., Baselga, M., Baur, S., Butz, E., Caspart, R., Chwalek, T., Colombo, F., De Boer, W., Dierlamm, A., Faltermann, N., Freund, B., Friese, R., Giffels, M., Harrendorf, M. A., Hartmann, F., Heindl, S. M., Husemann, U., Kassel, F., Kudella, S., Mildner, H., Mozer, M. U., Müller, Th., Plagge, M., Quast, G., Rabbertz, K., Schröder, M., Shvetsov, I., Sieber, G., Simonis, H. J., Ulrich, R., Wayand, S., Weber, M., Weiler, T., Williamson, S., Wöhrmann, C., Wolf, R., Anagnostou, G., Daskalakis, G., Geralis, T., Kyriakis, A., Loukas, D., Topsis-Giotis, I., Karathanasis, G., Kesisoglou, S., Panagiotou, A., Saoulidou, N., Kousouris, K., Evangelou, I., Foudas, C., Gianneios, P., Katsoulis, P., Kokkas, P., Mallios, S., Manthos, N., Papadopoulos, I., Paradas, E., Strologas, J., Triantis, F. A., Tsitsonis, D., Csanad, M., Filipovic, N., Pasztor, G., Surányi, O., Veres, G. I., Bencze, G., Hajdu, C., Horvath, D., Hunyadi, Á., Sikler, F., Veszpremi, V., Beni, N., Czellar, S., Karancsi, J., Makovec, A., Molnar, J., Szillasi, Z., Bartók, M., Raics, P., Trocsanyi, Z. L., Ujvari, B., Choudhury, S., Komaragiri, J. R., Bahinipati, S., Bhowmik, S., Mal, P., Mandal, K., Nayak, A., Sahoo, D. K., Sahoo, N., Swain, S. K., Bansal, S., Beri, S. B., Bhatnagar, V., Chawla, R., Dhingra, N., Kaur, A., Kaur, M., Kaur, S., Kumar, R., Kumari, P., Mehta, A., Singh, J. B., Walia, G., Kumar, Ashok, Shah, Aashaq, Bhardwaj, A., Chauhan, S., Choudhary, B. C., Garg, R. B., Keshri, S., Kumar, A., Malhotra, S., Naimuddin, M., Ranjan, K., Sharma, R., Bhardwaj, R., Bhattacharya, R., Bhattacharya, S., Bhawandeep, U., Dey, S., Dutt, S., Dutta, S., Ghosh, S., Majumdar, N., Modak, A., Mondal, K., Mukhopadhyay, S., Nandan, S., Purohit, A., Roy, A., Chowdhury, S. Roy, Sarkar, S., Sharan, M., Thakur, S., Behera, P. K., Chudasama, R., Dutta, D., Jha, V., Kumar, V., Mohanty, A. K., Netrakanti, P. K., Pant, L. M., Shukla, P., Topkar, A., Aziz, T., Dugad, S., Mahakud, B., Mitra, S., Mohanty, G. B., Sur, N., Sutar, B., Banerjee, S., Bhattacharya, S., Chatterjee, S., Das, P., Guchait, M., Jain, Sa., Kumar, S., Maity, M., Majumder, G., Mazumdar, K., Sarkar, T., Wickramage, N., Chauhan, S., Dube, S., Hegde, V., Kapoor, A., Kothekar, K., Pandey, S., Rane, A., Sharma, S., Chenarani, S., Tadavani, E. Eskandari, Etesami, S. M., Khakzad, M., Najafabadi, M. Mohammadi, Naseri, M., Mehdiabadi, S. Paktinat, Hosseinabadi, F. Rezaei, Safarzadeh, B., Zeinali, M., Felcini, M., Grunewald, M., Abbrescia, M., Calabria, C., Colaleo, A., Creanza, D., Cristella, L., De Filippis, N., De Palma, M., Errico, F., Fiore, L., Iaselli, G., Lezki, S., Maggi, G., Maggi, M., Miniello, G., My, S., Nuzzo, S., Pompili, A., Pugliese, G., Radogna, R., Ranieri, A., Selvaggi, G., Sharma, A., Silvestris, L., Venditti, R., Verwilligen, P., Abbiendi, G., Battilana, C., Bonacorsi, D., Borgonovi, L., Braibant-Giacomelli, S., Campanini, R., Capiluppi, P., Castro, A., Cavallo, F. R., Chhibra, S. S., Codispoti, G., Cuffiani, M., Dallavalle, G. M., Fabbri, F., Fanfani, A., Fasanella, D., Giacomelli, P., Grandi, C., Guiducci, L., Marcellini, S., Masetti, G., Montanari, A., Navarria, F. L., Perrotta, A., Rossi, A. M., Rovelli, T., Siroli, G. P., Tosi, N., Albergo, S., Costa, S., Mattia, A. Di, Giordano, F., Potenza, R., Tricomi, A., Tuve, C., Barbagli, G., Chatterjee, K., Ciulli, V., Civinini, C., D’Alessandro, R., Focardi, E., Lenzi, P., Meschini, M., Paoletti, S., Russo, L., Sguazzoni, G., Strom, D., Viliani, L., Benussi, L., Bianco, S., Fabbri, F., Piccolo, D., Primavera, F., Calvelli, V., Ferro, F., Ravera, F., Robutti, E., Tosi, S., Benaglia, A., Beschi, A., Brianza, L., Brivio, F., Ciriolo, V., Dinardo, M. E., Fiorendi, S., Gennai, S., Ghezzi, A., Govoni, P., Malberti, M., Malvezzi, S., Manzoni, R. A., Menasce, D., Moroni, L., Paganoni, M., Pauwels, K., Pedrini, D., Pigazzini, S., Ragazzi, S., de Fatis, T. Tabarelli, Buontempo, S., Cavallo, N., Guida, S. Di, Fabozzi, F., Fienga, F., Iorio, A. O. M., Khan, W. A., Lista, L., Meola, S., Paolucci, P., Sciacca, C., Thyssen, F., Azzi, P., Bacchetta, N., Benato, L., Bisello, D., Boletti, A., Carlin, R., De Oliveira, A. Carvalho Antunes, Checchia, P., Dall’Osso, M., De Castro Manzano, P., Dorigo, T., Gasparini, F., Gasparini, U., Gozzelino, A., Lacaprara, S., Lujan, P., Margoni, M., Meneguzzo, A. T., Pozzobon, N., Ronchese, P., Rossin, R., Simonetto, F., Torassa, E., Ventura, S., Zanetti, M., Zotto, P., Braghieri, A., Magnani, A., Montagna, P., Ratti, S. P., Re, V., Ressegotti, M., Riccardi, C., Salvini, P., Vai, I., Vitulo, P., Solestizi, L. Alunni, Biasini, M., Bilei, G. M., Cecchi, C., Ciangottini, D., Fanò, L., Leonardi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovani, G., Mariani, V., Menichelli, M., Rossi, A., Santocchia, A., Spiga, D., Androsov, K., Azzurri, P., Bagliesi, G., Boccali, T., Borrello, L., Castaldi, R., Ciocci, M. A., Dell’Orso, R., Fedi, G., Giannini, L., Giassi, A., Grippo, M. T., Ligabue, F., Lomtadze, T., Manca, E., Mandorli, G., Messineo, A., Palla, F., Rizzi, A., Savoy-Navarro, A., Spagnolo, P., Tenchini, R., Tonelli, G., Venturi, A., Verdini, P. G., Barone, L., Cavallari, F., Cipriani, M., Daci, N., Re, D. Del, Marco, E. Di, Diemoz, M., Gelli, S., Longo, E., Margaroli, F., Marzocchi, B., Meridiani, P., Organtini, G., Paramatti, R., Preiato, F., Rahatlou, S., Rovelli, C., Santanastasio, F., Amapane, N., Arcidiacono, R., Argiro, S., Arneodo, M., Bartosik, N., Bellan, R., Biino, C., Cartiglia, N., Cenna, F., Costa, M., Covarelli, R., Degano, A., Demaria, N., Kiani, B., Mariotti, C., Maselli, S., Migliore, E., Monaco, V., Monteil, E., Monteno, M., Obertino, M. M., Pacher, L., Pastrone, N., Pelliccioni, M., Angioni, G. L. Pinna, Romero, A., Ruspa, M., Sacchi, R., Shchelina, K., Sola, V., Solano, A., Staiano, A., Traczyk, P., Belforte, S., Casarsa, M., Cossutti, F., Ricca, G. Della, Zanetti, A., Kim, D. H., Kim, G. N., Kim, M. S., Lee, J., Lee, S., Lee, S. W., Moon, C. S., Oh, Y. D., Sekmen, S., Son, D. C., Yang, Y. C., Lee, A., Kim, H., Moon, D. H., Oh, G., Cifuentes, J. A. Brochero, Goh, J., Kim, T. J., Cho, S., Choi, S., Go, Y., Gyun, D., Ha, S., Hong, B., Jo, Y., Kim, Y., Lee, K., Lee, K. S., Lee, S., Lim, J., Park, S. K., Roh, Y., Almond, J., Kim, J., Kim, J. S., Lee, H., Lee, K., Nam, K., Oh, S. B., Radburn-Smith, B. C., Seo, S. H., Yang, U. K., Yoo, H. D., Yu, G. B., Kim, H., Kim, J. H., Lee, J. S. H., Park, I. C., Choi, Y., Hwang, C., Lee, J., Yu, I., Dudenas, V., Juodagalvis, A., Vaitkus, J., Ahmed, I., Ibrahim, Z. A., Ali, M. A. B. Md, Idris, F. Mohamad, Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan, Yusli, M. N., Zolkapli, Z., Reyes-Almanza, R., Ramirez-Sanchez, G., Duran-Osuna, M. C., Castilla-Valdez, H., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., La Cruz, I. Heredia-De, Rabadan-Trejo, R. I., Lopez-Fernandez, R., Mejia Guisao, J., Sanchez-Hernandez, A., Moreno, S. Carrillo, Barrera, C. Oropeza, Valencia, F. Vazquez, Eysermans, J., Pedraza, I., Ibarguen, H. A. Salazar, Estrada, C. Uribe, Pineda, A. Morelos, Krofcheck, D., Butler, P. H., Ahmad, A., Ahmad, M., Hassan, Q., Hoorani, H. R., Saddique, A., Shah, M. A., Shoaib, M., Waqas, M., Bialkowska, H., Bluj, M., Boimska, B., Frueboes, T., Górski, M., Kazana, M., Nawrocki, K., Szleper, M., Zalewski, P., Bunkowski, K., Byszuk, A., Doroba, K., Kalinowski, A., Konecki, M., Krolikowski, J., Misiura, M., Olszewski, M., Pyskir, A., Walczak, M., Bargassa, P., Da Cruz E Silva, C. Beirão, Francesco, A. Di, Faccioli, P., Galinhas, B., Gallinaro, M., Hollar, J., Leonardo, N., Iglesias, L. Lloret, Nemallapudi, M. V., Seixas, J., Strong, G., Toldaiev, O., Vadruccio, D., Varela, J., Baginyan, A., Golunov, A., Golutvin, I., Karjavin, V., Korenkov, V., Kozlov, G., Lanev, A., Malakhov, A., Matveev, V., Mitsyn, V. V., Palichik, V., Perelygin, V., Shmatov, S., Skatchkov, N., Smirnov, V., Yuldashev, B. S., Zarubin, A., Zhiltsov, V., Ivanov, Y., Kim, V., Kuznetsova, E., Levchenko, P., Murzin, V., Oreshkin, V., Smirnov, I., Sosnov, D., Sulimov, V., Uvarov, L., Vavilov, S., Vorobyev, A., Andreev, Yu., Dermenev, A., Gninenko, S., Golubev, N., Karneyeu, A., Kirsanov, M., Krasnikov, N., Pashenkov, A., Tlisov, D., Toropin, A., Epshteyn, V., Gavrilov, V., Lychkovskaya, N., Popov, V., Pozdnyakov, I., Safronov, G., Spiridonov, A., Stepennov, A., Toms, M., Vlasov, E., Zhokin, A., Aushev, T., Bylinkin, A., Chadeeva, M., Parygin, P., Philippov, D., Polikarpov, S., Popova, E., Rusinov, V., Andreev, V., Azarkin, M., Dremin, I., Kirakosyan, M., Terkulov, A., Baskakov, A., Belyaev, A., Boos, E., Demiyanov, A., Ershov, A., Gribushin, A., Kodolova, O., Korotkikh, V., Lokhtin, I., Miagkov, I., Obraztsov, S., Petrushanko, S., Savrin, V., Snigirev, A., Vardanyan, I., Blinov, V., Shtol, D., Skovpen, Y., Azhgirey, I., Bayshev, I., Bitioukov, S., Elumakhov, D., Godizov, A., Kachanov, V., Kalinin, A., Konstantinov, D., Mandrik, P., Petrov, V., Ryutin, R., Sobol, A., Troshin, S., Tyurin, N., Uzunian, A., Volkov, A., Adzic, P., Cirkovic, P., Devetak, D., Dordevic, M., Milosevic, J., Rekovic, V., Maestre, J. Alcaraz, Fernández, A. Álvarez, Bachiller, I., Luna, M. Barrio, Cerrada, M., Colino, N., De La Cruz, B., Peris, A. Delgado, Bedoya, C. Fernandez, Ramos, J. P. Fernández, Flix, J., Fouz, M. C., Lopez, O. Gonzalez, Lopez, S. Goy, Hernandez, J. M., Josa, M. I., Moran, D., Yzquierdo, A. Pérez-Calero, Pelayo, J. Puerta, Olmeda, A. Quintario, Redondo, I., Romero, L., Soares, M. S., Albajar, C., de Trocóniz, J. F., Missiroli, M., Cuevas, J., Erice, C., Menendez, J. Fernandez, Caballero, I. Gonzalez, Fernández, J. R. González, Cortezon, E. Palencia, Cruz, S. Sanchez, Vischia, P., Garcia, J. M. Vizan, Cabrillo, I. J., Calderon, A., Quero, B. Chazin, Curras, E., Campderros, J. Duarte, Fernandez, M., Garcia-Ferrero, J., Gomez, G., Virto, A. Lopez, Marco, J., Rivero, C. Martinez, Arbol, P. Martinez Ruiz del, Matorras, F., Gomez, J. Piedra, Rodrigo, T., Ruiz-Jimeno, A., Scodellaro, L., Trevisani, N., Vila, I., Cortabitarte, R. Vilar, Abbaneo, D., Akgun, B., Auffray, E., Baillon, P., Ball, A. H., Barney, D., Bendavid, J., Bianco, M., Bloch, P., Bocci, A., Botta, C., Camporesi, T., Castello, R., Cepeda, M., Cerminara, G., Chapon, E., Chen, Y., d’Enterria, D., Dabrowski, A., Daponte, V., David, A., De Gruttola, M., De Roeck, A., Deelen, N., Dobson, M., Pree, T. du, Dünser, M., Dupont, N., Elliott-Peisert, A., Everaerts, P., Fallavollita, F., Franzoni, G., Fulcher, J., Funk, W., Gigi, D., Gilbert, A., Gill, K., Glege, F., Gulhan, D., Harris, P., Hegeman, J., Innocente, V., Jafari, A., Janot, P., Karacheban, O., Kieseler, J., Knünz, V., Kornmayer, A., Kortelainen, M. J., Krammer, M., Lange, C., Lecoq, P., Lourenço, C., Lucchini, M. T., Malgeri, L., Mannelli, M., Martelli, A., Meijers, F., Merlin, J. 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Published
2023
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199. In situ observation of riming in mixed-phase clouds using the PHIPS probe

Author

F. Waitz, M. Schnaiter, T. Leisner, and E. Järvinen

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Mixed-phase clouds consist of both supercooled liquid water droplets and solid ice crystals. Despite having a significant impact on earth's climate, mixed-phase clouds are poorly understood and not well represented in climate prediction models. One piece of the puzzle is understanding and parameterizing riming of mixed-phase cloud ice crystals, which is one of the main growth mechanisms of ice crystals via the accretion of small, supercooled droplets. Especially the extent of riming on ice crystals smaller than 500 µm is often overlooked in studies – mainly because observations are scarce. Here, we investigated riming in mixed-phase clouds during three airborne campaigns in the Arctic, the Southern Ocean and US east coast. Riming was observed from stereo-microscopic cloud particle images recorded with the Particle Habit Imaging and Polar Scattering (PHIPS) probe. We show that riming is most prevalent at temperatures around −7 ∘C, where, on average, 43 % of the investigated particles in a size range of 100≤D≤700 µm showed evidence of riming. We discuss the occurrence and properties of rimed ice particles and show the correlation of the occurrence and the amount of riming with ambient microphysical parameters. We show that riming fraction increases with ice particle size ( % for D≤200 µm, 35 %–40 % for D≥400 µm) and liquid water content (25 % for LWC ≤0.05 g m−3, up to 60 % for LWC = 0.5 g m−3). We investigate the aging of rimed particles and the difference between “normal” and “epitaxial” riming based on a case study.

Published
2022
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200. Insulin-inducible THRSP maintains mitochondrial function and regulates sphingolipid metabolism in human adipocytes

Author

Maria A. Ahonen, Marcus Höring, Van Dien Nguyen, Sami Qadri, Juuso H. Taskinen, Meghana Nagaraj, Martin Wabitsch, Pamela Fischer-Posovszky, You Zhou, Gerhard Liebisch, P. A. Nidhina Haridas, Hannele Yki-Järvinen, and Vesa M. Olkkonen

Subjects
Hexosylceramide, Insulin sensitivity, Oxidation, Thyroid hormone, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

Abstract Background Thyroid hormone responsive protein (THRSP) is a lipogenic nuclear protein that is highly expressed in murine adipose tissue, but its role in humans remains unknown. Methods We characterized the insulin regulation of THRSP in vivo in human adipose tissue biopsies and in vitro in Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes. To this end, we measured whole-body insulin sensitivity using the euglycemic insulin clamp technique in 36 subjects [age 40 ± 9 years, body mass index (BMI) 27.3 ± 5.0 kg/m2]. Adipose tissue biopsies were obtained at baseline and after 180 and 360 min of euglycemic hyperinsulinemia for measurement of THRSP mRNA concentrations. To identify functions affected by THRSP, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of THRSP-silenced SGBS adipocytes. Mitochondrial function was assessed by measuring mitochondrial respiration as well as oxidation and uptake of radiolabeled oleate and glucose. Lipid composition in THRSP silencing was studied by lipidomic analysis. Results We found insulin to increase THRSP mRNA expression 5- and 8-fold after 180 and 360 min of in vivo euglycemic hyperinsulinemia. This induction was impaired in insulin-resistant subjects, and THRSP expression was closely correlated with whole-body insulin sensitivity. In vitro, insulin increased both THRSP mRNA and protein concentrations in SGBS adipocytes in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent manner. A transcriptomic analysis of THRSP-silenced adipocytes showed alterations in mitochondrial functions and pathways of lipid metabolism, which were corroborated by significantly impaired mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation. A lipidomic analysis revealed decreased hexosylceramide concentrations, supported by the transcript concentrations of enzymes regulating sphingolipid metabolism. Conclusions THRSP is regulated by insulin both in vivo in human adipose tissue and in vitro in adipocytes, and its expression is downregulated by insulin resistance. As THRSP silencing decreases mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation, its downregulation in human adipose tissue could contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, disturbed sphingolipid metabolism could add to metabolic dysfunction in obese adipose tissue.

Published
2022
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