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In this paper, through the Raman spectroscopy analysis of fluid inclusions in Lala copper deposit, it is found that the types of fluid inclusions are diverse, including not only single pure gas phase or pure liquid phase, gas-rich phase, liquid-rich phase, and many daughter crystals, but also melt-fluid inclusions. The gas phase components of fluid inclusions are not limited to the CO2, but also include N2, CH4 or a mixture of the three. Not only halide daughter crystals but also calcite and hematite daughter crystals are found in fluid inclusion daughter minerals. In conclusion, the Raman spectroscopy characteristics of fluid inclusions show that the ore-forming fluids of the Lala copper deposit have the characteristics of multiple stages and complex sources.

Objective: To explore the regulatory mechanism of competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) in gastric cancer (GC) and to predict the prognosis of GC. Materials and Methods: Expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and mRNAs were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas platform. Differentially expressed RNAs (DERNAs) were screened to construct a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed on the ceRNA network-related differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs). Next, the DERNAs were subjected to Cox regression and survival analyses to identify crucial prognostic factors for patients with GC. Results: We detected 1029 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 104 differentially expressed miRNAs, and 1659 DEmRNAs in patients with GC. Next, we performed bioinformatic analysis to construct the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network, which included 10 miRNAs, 65 lncRNAs, and 10 mRNAs. Subsequently, KaplanMeier (K-M) analysis showed that the survival rate of the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group, and the area under the curve value of the receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that the polygenic model had good predictive ability. The results indicated that ADAMTS9-AS1, ATAD2, and CADM2 might be potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for GC. Conclusions: Our study has implications for predicting prognosis and monitoring surveillance of GC and provides a new theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical prognosis of GC.

In 1945, atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Approximately 70 000 Koreans are estimated to have been exposed to radiation from atomic bombs at that time. After Korea’s Liberation Day, approximately 23 000 of these people returned to Korea. To investigate the long-term health and hereditary effects of atomic bomb exposure on the offspring, cohort studies have been conducted on atomic bomb survivors in Japan. This study is an ongoing cohort study to determine the health status of Korean atomic bomb survivors and investigate whether any health effects were inherited by their offspring. Atomic bomb survivors are defined by the Special Act On the Support for Korean Atomic Bomb Victims, and their offspring are identified by participating atomic bomb survivors. As of 2024, we plan to recruit 1500 atomic bomb survivors and their offspring, including 200 trios with more than 300 people. Questionnaires regarding socio-demographic factors, health behaviors, past medical history, laboratory tests, and pedigree information comprise the data collected to minimize survival bias. For the 200 trios, whole-genome analysis is planned to identify de novo mutations in atomic bomb survivors and to compare the prevalence of de novo mutations with trios in the general population. Active follow-up based on telephone surveys and passive follow-up with linkage to the Korean Red Cross, National Health Insurance Service, death registry, and Korea Central Cancer Registry data are ongoing. By combining pedigree information with the findings of trio-based whole-genome analysis, the results will elucidate the hereditary health effects of atomic bomb exposure.

Abstract Background The rumen is the hallmark organ of ruminants, playing a vital role in their nutrition and providing products for humans. In newborn suckling ruminants milk bypasses the rumen, while in adults this first chamber of the forestomach has developed to become the principal site of microbial fermentation of plant fibers. With the advent of single-cell transcriptomics, it is now possible to study the underlying cell composition of rumen tissues and investigate how this relates the development of mutualistic symbiosis between the rumen and its epithelium-attached microbes. Results We constructed a comprehensive cell landscape of the rumen epithelium, based on single-cell RNA sequencing of 49,689 high-quality single cells from newborn and adult rumen tissues. Our single-cell analysis identified six immune cell subtypes and seventeen non-immune cell subtypes of the rumen. On performing cross-species analysis of orthologous genes expressed in epithelial cells of cattle rumen and the human stomach and skin, we observed that the species difference overrides any cross-species cell-type similarity. Comparing adult with newborn cattle samples, we found fewer epithelial cell subtypes and more abundant immune cells, dominated by T helper type 17 cells in the rumen tissue of adult cattle. In newborns, there were more fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, an IGFBP3 + epithelial cell subtype not seen in adults, while dendritic cells were the most prevalent immune cell subtype. Metabolism-related functions and the oxidation-reduction process were significantly upregulated in adult rumen epithelial cells. Using 16S rDNA sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and absolute quantitative real-time PCR, we found that epithelial Desulfovibrio was significantly enriched in the adult cattle. Integrating the microbiome and metabolome analysis of rumen tissues revealed a high co-occurrence probability of Desulfovibrio with pyridoxal in the adult cattle compared with newborn ones while the scRNA-seq data indicated a stronger ability of pyroxidal binding in the adult rumen epithelial cell subtypes. These findings indicate that Desulfovibrio and pyridoxal likely play important roles in maintaining redox balance in the adult rumen. Conclusions Our integrated multi-omics analysis provides novel insights into rumen development and function and may facilitate the future precision improvement of rumen function and milk/meat production in cattle.

Cell wall architecture plays a key role in stalk strength and forage digestibility. Lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose are the three main components of plant cell walls, and they can impact stalk quality by affecting the structure and strength of the cell wall. To explore cell wall development during secondary cell wall lignification in maize stalks, conventional and conditional genetic mapping were used to identify the dynamic quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of the cell wall components and digestibility traits during five growth stages after silking. Acid detergent lignin (ADL), cellulose (CEL), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were evaluated in a maize recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. ADL, CEL, ADF, and NDF gradually increased from 10 to 40 days after silking (DAS), and then they decreased. IVDMD initially decreased until 40 DAS, and then it increased slightly. Seventy-two QTLs were identified for the five traits, and each accounted for 3.48–24.04% of the phenotypic variation. Six QTL hotspots were found, and they were localized in the 1.08, 2.04, 2.07, 7.03, 8.05, and 9.03 bins of the maize genome. Within the interval of the pleiotropic QTL identified in bin 1.08 of the maize genome, six genes associated with cell wall component biosynthesis were identified as potential candidate genes for stalk strength as well as cell wall-related traits. In addition, 26 conditional QTLs were detected in the five stages for all of the investigated traits. Twenty-two of the 26 conditional QTLs were found at 30 DAS conditioned using the values of 20 DAS, and at 50 DAS conditioned using the values of 40 DAS. These results indicated that cell wall-related traits are regulated by many genes, which are specifically expressed at different stages after silking. Simultaneous improvements in both forage digestibility and lodging resistance could be achieved by pyramiding multiple beneficial QTL alleles identified in this study.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose trimethoprim (TMP)-sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (TMP-SMX) as the primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in adult recipients of kidney transplantation. Methods: Three kinds of prescriptions in kidney recipients were documented, including 20 mg TMP/100 mg SMX oral daily, 20 mg TMP/100 mg SMX oral every other day, and nonprophylaxis. The primary outcome was the incidence of PJP in the first 180 days of follow-up after kidney transplantation. The secondary outcomes were changes in renal and liver function. Results: Among the 1469 recipients, 1066 (72.56%) received 20 mg TMP/100 mg SMX daily, 127 (8.65%) received 20 mg TMP/100 mg SMX every other day, and 276 (18.79%) did not have prophylaxis prescription. The 276 recipients in the nonprophylaxis group had 124.92 person-years of follow-up, during which PJP occurred in 29 patients, for an incidence rate of 23.21 (95% confidence interval 15.76-32.72) per 100 person-years. The TMP-SMX daily group and the TMP-SMX every other day group had 524.89 and 62.07 person-years of follow-up, respectively, with no occurrence of PJP. There was no significant difference among the three groups in changes in renal and liver function (P >0.05, respectively). A total of 111 recipients in each group were enrolled in the propensity score matching analysis. It was revealed that the 111 nonprophylaxis recipients had 51.27 person-years of follow-up and 10 PJP cases. Prophylaxis was considered effective because there was a significant difference between the three groups (P

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin widely found in foodstuffs such as cereal grains. It greatly threatens human health owing to its strong toxicity and high stability. Aptasensors have emerged as promising tools for the analysis of small molecule contaminants. Nucleic-acid-based signal amplification enables detectable signals to be obtained from aptasensors. However, this strategy often requires the use of complex primers or multiple enzymes, entailing problems such as complex system instability. Herein, we propose a fluorescent aptasensor for the ultrasensitive detection of OTA in cereal products, with signal amplification through RecJf exonuclease-assisted target recycling. The aptamer/fluorescein-labeled complementary DNA (cDNA-FAM) duplex was effectively used as the target-recognition unit as well as the potential substrate for RecJf exonuclease cleavage. When the target invaded the aptamer-cDNA-FAM duplex to release cDNA-FAM, RecJf exonuclease could cleave the aptamer bonded with the target and release the target. Thus, the target-triggered cleavage cycling would continuously generate cDNA-FAM as a signaling group, specifically amplifying the response signal. The proposed exonuclease-assisted fluorescent aptasensor exhibited a good linear relationship with OTA concentration in the range from 1 pg/mL to 10 ng/mL with an ultralow limit of detection (6.2 ng/kg of cereal). The analytical method showed that recoveries of the cereal samples ranged from 83.7 to 109.3% with a repeatability relative standard deviation below 8%. Importantly, the proposed strategy is expected to become a common detection model because it can be adapted for other targets by replacing the aptamer. Thus, this model can guide the development of facile approaches for point-of-care testing applications.

Voyager 1 and 2 are only the two spacecraft that have arrived and passed through the heliospheric boundaries. Based on the plasma data from the Voyager 2 spacecraft, the electron quasi-thermal noise (QTN) is investigated by using of the electron population model consisting of a core with Maxwellian distribution and a halo with kappa distribution. The power spectra of the electron QTN is calculated at different heliocentric distances from 1 to 110 au. The parametric dependence of the QTN power spectra and the effective Debye length on the model parameters, such as the density ratio and temperature ratio of the halo to the core, kappa index and the antenna length, are discussed further. The results show that the electron QTN spectrum consists of a plateau in the low frequency band f < f _pt , a prominent peak at the plasma frequency f _pt , and a rapid decreasing part in the high frequency band f > f _pt . The QTN plateau level basically falls down outwards until the termination shock crossing at about 84 au, after which the plateau rebounds a little near the heliopause. Although the model parameters can be very variable, the QTN plateau level does not present more than the double change in a fairly wide range of the model parameters. The presented results can be useful for future deep-space explorations in the heliosphere and can provide valuable references for the design of onboard detectors.

Nanomaterials are desirable for sensing applications. Therefore, MnO2 nanosheets and nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) were used to construct a ratiometric biosensor for quantification of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The MnO2 nanosheets drove the oxidation of colorless o-phenylenediamine to OPDox, which exhibits fluorescence emission peaks at 556 nm. The fluorescence of OPDox was efficiently quenched and the NCDs were recovered as the ascorbic acid produced by the hydrolyzed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) substrate increased. Owing to the selective inhibition of ALP activity by 2,4-D and the inner filter effect, the fluorescence intensity of the NCDs at 430 nm was suppressed, whereas that at 556 nm was maintained. The fluorescence intensity ratio was used for quantitative detection. The linear equation was F = 0.138 + 3.863·C 2,4-D (correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9904), whereas the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.013 and 0.040 μg/mL. The method was successfully employed for the determination of 2,4-D in different vegetables with recoveries of 79%~105%. The fluorescent color change in the 2,4-D sensing system can also be captured by a smartphone to achieve colorimetric detection by homemade portable test kit.

To evaluate the effect of surface reaction process after hydrofluoric (HF) acid etching using ultrasound and the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin cement to zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramic. Y-TZP ceramic sheets were divided into rinsing group (Group P), ultrasonic cleaning group (Group C), and ultrasonic reaction + rinsing group (Group CP), and all the groups were treated for 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min, respectively. The surface morphology, elements distribution, roughness, and wettability of the ceramic sheets in each group were observed. The SBS of ceramic-resin bonding specimens was tested after immersion and after cooling-heating cycles, respectively. Octahedral and spiculate products were observed on the surface of Y-TZP that was etched with HF acid in Group P. The amount of these products increased over time. In contrast, only a few octahedral products remained on the surface of Y-TZP in Groups C and CP. Within the same reaction time, the surface reaction of the CP group was stronger than that of the other two groups, accompanied by a more uniform morphology. The shear force in Group C was the lowest, and the shear force reduction in Group CP was the least after cooling-heating cycling, with statistically significant differences (P< 0.05). After the reaction time exceeded 30 min, the shear force in each group decreased instead of increasing. Octahedral and spiculate acid etching products on the surface of HF acid-etched Y-TZP can enhance the bonding force of zirconia. Ultrasonic cleaning would drive the exfoliation of acid etching products from the sample surface, leading to the decrease of the bonding force. The acid etching with ultrasonic vibration can accelerate the HF acid etching process of Y-TZP ceramics, which is conducive to improving the bond strength to resin and durability.

Although there are currently many types of lattice shell joints with different characteristics, assessing the flexural capacity of lattice shell joints is always a great challenge. In this paper, a fan-shaped assembled joint and a welded joint for comparison were subjected to bending tests to investigate the flexural behavior and rotational stiffness of the assembled joint. The strain distribution, load–displacement curve, moment–rotation curve, and damage modes of key parts were analyzed to determine the vulnerable parts of the joints. Our test results show that, with an initial rotational stiffness of about one third of that of the welded joint, the assembled joint specimen exhibits the obvious characteristics of a semi-rigid joint. The finite element analysis results were in good agreement with the experimental results. The results of our parametric analysis show that the rotational stiffness and ultimate moment of the assembled joint increase with increases in the spacing of the bolts and the number of bolts. The performance of the high-strength bolts had a significant influence on the flexural stiffness of the assembled joints. The spacing of the bolts and the number of bolts for the assembled joint are suggested to be greater than the height of the member section and more than three, respectively. The proposed theoretical formula can approximately simulate the initial rotational stiffness of the joint. More in-depth investigations are required in the future for assessing the mechanical behavior of FSA joints subjected to combined bending–compression loads.

Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) is a common liquid propellant widely used in rocket engines and other applications. The safety of UDMH in service is affected by its slow oxidation during long-term storage to form impurities such as dimethylamine (DMA) and formaldehyde dimethylhydrazone (FDH). How these impurities affect combustion performance is not known, and in order to assess these effects, the present experiments investigated the combustion characteristics of self-igniting fuels and carried out ignition delay time measurements and flame propagation velocity measurements of pure UDMH and its denatured mixtures in a nitrogen tetroxide (NTO) atmosphere. This experiment was carried out to measure the delay time of hedge ignition of pure UDMH and qualitative analysis of its flame propagation properties under vacuum conditions at room temperature (T = 293 K). Ignition delay time measurements and flame propagation characterization were performed under the same experimental conditions for UDMH mixed with 1%, 5% and 10% FDH, UDMH mixed with 1%, 5% and 10% H2O, UDMH mixed with 1%, 5% and 10% DMA, as well as for UDMH mixed with the same proportions of the three substances (1%, 5% and 10%). The flame propagation characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that the incorporation of DMA, H2O and FDH in different proportions could inhibit the combustion of UDMH to varying degrees and prolong its ignition delay time. It is worth noting that the introduction of FDH had the least effect on it, and the least effect was observed at a concentration of 1%. In contrast, the effect of DMA on UDMH is more obvious, and the addition of H2O has the largest increase in the ignition delay time of UDMH. In the flame propagation experiment, the flame of the experimental group adding H2O can no longer fill the whole experimental window, while the other experimental groups can still make the window full of flame. Combined with the measurements of the ignition delay time, it can be seen that the moisture content has the greatest effect on the combustion characteristics.

Engineered nano-ZnO is extensively utilized in both production and daily life, leading to its inevitable entry into the wastewater treatment system through various pathways. Nitrogen removal microorganisms in wastewater treatment systems are highly susceptible to environmental impacts. The antibacterial properties of nano-ZnO can impede the biological nitrogen removal (BNR) process and adversely affect the nitrogen removal performance. A comprehensive understanding of the inhibitory effect and mechanism of nano-ZnO on the BNR process is crucial in devising appropriate countermeasures to ensure optimal nitrogen removal performance. This review provides an overview of the sources of nano-ZnO in the environment, its impact on the BNR process, and the inhibition mechanism, and proposes potential methods that can mitigate the inhibitory effect of nano-ZnO. Additionally, future prospects are also discussed. This review serves as a foundation for a deeper understanding of the inhibition of engineered nano-ZnO on the BNR process and aids in guiding efforts to maintain the nitrogen removal performance in the presence of engineered nano-ZnO.

Many engineering systems, such as electronic rotors, aircraft wings, and spacecraft flywheel structures, rely on the symmetry of their actuators [...]

Abstract Smart sensing fabrics are becoming increasingly attractive in the emerging wearable areas of medical and military so far. Here, for the first time, we present a smart humidity sensing fabric (SHSF) based on a moisture‐sensitive polyacrylamide hydrogel for respiratory monitoring and non‐contact sensing. Fabricated by in situ cross‐linking of the hydrogel precursors on the fibers of the fabric, the flexible SHSF shows excellent sensitivity, outstanding flame retardance, air permeability, water retention capacity, and stability after treatment with lithium bromide solution. Specifically, its conductance increases more than 311 times as humidity increased from 11% to 98%. Besides, the humidity sensor features good repeatability and the ability to work normally under folding due to its flexible nature. As a clothing material, hydrogel–fabric composite exhibits 4.3 times the burning time compared to cotton fabric, illustrating better flame retardance. The SHSF is used to monitor human breathing and non‐contact finger approaching in real time, demonstrating its flexibility in practical applications. This work provides strategies for preparing high‐performance, flame‐retardant SHSF for emerging wearable electronic devices.

Abstract Background QRICH1 encodes the glutamine‐rich protein 1, which contains one caspase activation recruitment domain and is likely to be involved in apoptosis and inflammation. However, the function of the QRICH1 gene was largely unknown. Recently, several studies have reported de novo variants in QRICH1, and the variants have been associated with Ververi‐Brady syndrome characterized by developmental delay, nonspecific facial dysmorphism, and hypotonia. Materials and Methods Whole exome sequencing, clinical examinations, and functional experiments were performed to identify the etiology of our patient. Results Here, we added another patient with severe growth retardation, atrial septal defect, and slurred speech. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel truncation variant in the QRICH1 gene (MN_017730.3: c.1788dupC, p.Tyr597Leufs*9). Furthermore, the functional experiments confirmed the effect of genetic variation. Conclusion Our findings expand the QRICH1 variant spectrum in developmental disorders and provide evidence for the application of whole exome sequencing in Ververi‐Brady syndrome.

Summary: Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have garnered enormous attention in anti-cancer therapy recently. However, the intrinsic drawbacks such as poor biocompatibility and low target-specificity greatly restrain the full clinical implementation of COF. Herein, we report a biomimetic multifunctional COF nanozyme, which consists of AIEgen-based COF (TPE-s COF) with encapsulated gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). The nanozyme was co-cultured with HepG2 cells until the cell membrane was fused with lipophilic TPE-s COF-Au@Cisplatin. By using the cryo-shocking method, we fabricated an inactivated form of the TPE-s COF-Au@Cisplatin nanozyme endocytosed in the HepG2 cell membrane (M@TPE-s COF-Au@Cisplatin), which lost their proliferative ability and pathogenicity. Upon laser irradiation, the M@TPE-s COF-Au@Cisplatin nanozymes cleaved, thereby releasing the TPE-s COF-Au nanozyme and Cisplatin to exert their photothermal and drug therapeutic effect. This work opens a new avenue to the synthesis of tumor-derived fluorescent TPE-s COF-Au nanozymes for highly efficient, synergetic, and targeted chemo-photothermal combination therapy of liver cancer.

Objective This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of intramedullary nailing and a lateral locking plate combined with the reamer-irrigator-aspirator (RIA) bone grafting technique for resistant distal femoral nonunion. Methods This retrospective observational study was performed from January 2018 to December 2021 and involved five patients who presented with resistant distal femoral nonunion despite undergoing several surgeries. They were treated with intramedullary nailing and a lateral locking plate combined with the RIA bone grafting technique. Postoperative follow-up was performed to observe the healing time, and functional outcomes were evaluated using the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS). Results After the patients had been monitored for a mean of 17.9 months, complete bone healing was observed in every patient (mean healing time of 4.8 months). Postoperative wound failure in an older patient was successfully treated with resuturing and nutritional assistance. At the last follow-up, the mean LEFS score was 71.2/80 and the mean knee flexion was 109 degrees. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that combining intramedullary nailing and a lateral locking plate with the RIA bone grafting technique enhances biological properties, provides good structural support, and achieves good union and functional results in the management of resistant nonunion of the distal femur.

BackgroundMucolipidosis type II (MLII), or I-cell disease, is a rare lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by variants in the GNPTAB gene. MLII patients exhibit clinical phenotypes in the prenatal or neonatal stage, such as marked dysmorphic features, cardiac involvement, respiratory symptoms, dysostosis multiplex, severe growth abnormalities, and mental and motor developmental abnormalities. The median age at diagnosis for MLII is 0.7 years, the median survival is 5.0 years, and the median age at death is 1.8 years. No cure for MLII exists.MethodsSanger sequencing of the GNPTAB gene identified the compound heterozygous mutations c.673C > T in exon 7 and c.1090C > T in exon 9, which were novel double heterozygous mutations first reported in China. For the first time, we describe our experience in the use of HSCT for MLII. Our patient underwent HSCT with cells from a 9/10 human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched unrelated donor at 12 months of age. Myeloid neutrophil and platelet engraftment occurred on Days 10 and 11, respectively.ResultsThe patient's limb muscle tension was significantly reduced, and his gross and fine motor skills were improved four months after transplantation. DST(Developmental Screen Test) results showed that the patient's fine motor skills and mental development were improved compared with before HSCT.ConclusionMLII is a very severe lysosomal storage disease, to date, only 3 cases have been reported on the use of HSCT to treat MLII. Our data show that HSCT is a potential way to prolong the life of patients and improve their quality of life. Due to the lack of comparable data and time, the exact benefit remains unclear in MLII patients. Longer-term follow-up and in-depth prospective studies are indispensable.

BackgroundSchools provide a favorable setting for health education, however, the most effective school-based exercise mode for improving physical fitness remains unclear. This network meta-analysis was designed to assess and rank the comparative efficacy of six exercise modalities on physical fitness indicators in a school-based setting.MethodsAn online search of the Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus databases was conducted. Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials were considered. Outcomes included measures of anthropometry and body composition, muscular fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Data were pooled with a random effects model using the frequentist framework.ResultsA total of 66 studies with 8,578 participants (48% girls) were included. High-intensity interval training was the most effective intervention reducing body mass index (mean difference (MD) = −0.60 kg·m−2, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = −1.04 to −0.15, p = 0.009), elevating VO2max (MD = 3.59 mL·kg−1·min−1, 95% CI = 2.45 to 4.74, p

Background Predicting the successful weaning of acute kidney injury (AKI) patients from renal replacement therapy (RRT) has emerged as a research focus, and we successfully built predictive models for RRT withdrawal in patients with severe AKI by machine learning.Methods This retrospective single-center study utilized data from our general intensive care unit (ICU) Database, focusing on patients diagnosed with severe AKI who underwent RRT. We evaluated RRT weaning success based on patients being free of RRT in the subsequent week and their overall survival. Multiple logistic regression (MLR) and machine learning algorithms were adopted to construct the prediction models.Results A total of 976 patients were included, with 349 patients successfully weaned off RRT. Longer RRT duration (7.0 vs. 9.6 d, p = 0.002, OR = 0.94), higher serum cystatin C levels (1.2 vs. 3.2 mg/L, p

ABSTRACTIn material extrusion (MEX), it is challenging to accurately predict the steady and transient feeding forces at various polymer extrusion rates when printing island and thin-walled structures involving rapid start/stop or acceleration/deceleration, especially for semi-crystalline polymers. This research presents a non-isothermal viscoelastic Computational Fluid Dynamics model to investigate the steady and transient feeding forces, as well as the phase transition process and viscoelastic behaviour of polylactic acid (PLA), a semi-crystalline polymer, during the extrusion process. The study establishes a relationship between polymer flow and viscoelastic stress, demonstrating that the elastic effect during extrusion is more significant than the viscous effect, particularly at higher feeding rates. Furthermore, the study uncovers critical aspects of PLA melt flow behaviour during the MEX process, laying the foundation for future research and optimisation of MEX printing processes.