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In this study, {10–12} tensile twins (TTs) were induced in hot-rolled AZ31 Mg sheets via hot tension along the normal direction. The results demonstrate that the volume fraction of TTs at 2 mm/min is greatly lower than their counterparts at 0.5 mm/min at 100 °C and 200 °C. Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) can decrease twin nucleation rate during hot tensile when the strain rate reaches 2 mm/min. Decrease in critical resolved shear stress of non-basal slips at 200 °C enhances the deformation capability among grains, which dramatically reduces the volume fraction of TTs. Hence, TTs are hardly observed in 200°C-2mm/min sample. Tensile temperature significantly affects the morphology of TT lamellae. Grain boundaries prevents the longitudinal growth of the TTs, and then the thickness of TTs begins to grow to coordinate the deformation, resulting in fine TT lamellae in 100°C-0.5 mm/min. Compared with AR, the basal texture intensity of 100°C-2mm/min and 200°C-2mm/min increases and the occurrence of DRX is the main reason, while basal texture weakening of 100°C-0.5 mm/min and 200°C-0.5 mm/min depends on the formation of TTs. Compared with samples at 200 °C, the samples at 100 °C have higher tensile stresses. The maximum stress of 100°C-0.5 mm/min is 64.97 MPa when tensile strain reaches 0.15 owing to its highest dislocation density. 200°C-2mm/min possesses the highest hardness among the four tension samples, which is associated with the largest fraction of DRXed grains (68.8%) and its refinement strengthening effect. Dislocation strengthening exerts more influence on the hardness of 100°C-0.5 mm/min.

Abstract Sources of neurotoxic mercury in forests are dominated by atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) deposition, but a dearth of direct GEM exchange measurements causes major uncertainties about processes that determine GEM sinks. Here we present three years of forest-level GEM deposition measurements in a coniferous forest and a deciduous forest in northeastern USA, along with flux partitioning into canopy and forest floor contributions. Annual GEM deposition is 13.4 ± 0.80 μg m−2 (coniferous forest) and 25.1 ± 2.4 μg m−2 (deciduous forest) dominating mercury inputs (62 and 76% of total deposition). GEM uptake dominates in daytime during active vegetation periods and correlates with CO2 assimilation, attributable to plant stomatal uptake of mercury. Non-stomatal GEM deposition occurs in the coniferous canopy during nights and to the forest floor in the deciduous forest and accounts for 24 and 39% of GEM deposition, respectively. Our study shows that GEM deposition includes various pathways and is highly ecosystem-specific, which complicates global constraints of terrestrial GEM sinks.

Abstract Background Patients with abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) are at high risk of massive postpartum hemorrhage. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA), as an adjunct therapeutic strategy for hemostasis, offers the obstetrician an alternative for treating patients with AIP. This study aimed to evaluate the role of REBOA in hemorrhage control in patients with AIP. Methods This was a historical cohort study with prospectively collected data between January 2014 to July 2021 at a single tertiary center. According to delivery management, 364 singleton pregnant AIP patients desiring uterus preservation were separated into two groups. The study group (balloon group, n = 278) underwent REBOA during cesarean section, whereas the reference group (n = 86) did not undergo REBOA. Surgical details and maternal outcomes were collected. The primary outcome was estimated blood loss and the rate of uterine preservation. Results A total of 278 (76.4%) participants experienced REBOA during cesarean section. The patients in the balloon group had a smaller blood loss during cesarean Sect. (1370.5 [752.0] ml vs. 3536.8 [1383.2] ml; P

[Introduction] This study proposes a photovoltaic coupling electrolysis water hydrogen production system modelling method with the purpose of solving the problem of inconsistency and mismatching of the simulation signals between electrolyser and others modules. The electrolyser is the key equipment in the photovoltaic-coupled water electrolysis hydrogen production system. The common simulation model of the electrolyser is mostly based on the electrochemical theory and established by using the signal model, which could cause signal transmission mismatching and increase system complexity. [Method] In order to solve the problems, it was proposing a method of simulating the electrical characteristics of the electrolytic cell by using the equivalent resistance. By fitting the working characteristic curve of the known electrolyser, the relationship between the working current and the impedance of the electrolyser was obtained. The information of the equivalent resistance of the electrolyser was inherited from the fitting curve and connected to the system as a load. When the system power supply fluctuated, the electrolyser simulation module could adjust the load according to the system working conditions, to achieve linkage with the system power supply. [Result] The simulation results show that the built photovoltaic-coupled water electrolysis hydrogen production system can accurately predict the hydrogen production according to the input light condition and enable load adjustment with the fluctuation of photovoltaic power supply, additionally have a residual value of the fitting result of ≤±0.2. [Conclusion] This method simplifies the photovoltaic coupling electrolysis water hydrogen production simulation system, unifies the simulation signal, and forms system blocks to facilitate system expansion. The simulation output results are in line with the actual operation of the electrolyser and have achieved the expected goal, which proves the feasibility of the simulation method.

Intertidal creek ecosystems in saltmarsh wetlands provide crucial ecological services, with burrows facilitating material exchange between these environments. Investigating burrow distribution in tidal creeks is essential, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our study conducted field observations during two seasons, dividing the typical creek section into microhabitats: flat (F), gentle edge (GE), gentle slope (GS), steep slope (SS), and steep edge (SE). Comprehensive analysis of sediment samples encompassed assessments of water content, organic matter, particle size, and salinity. Burrow parameters were extracted using a deep learning method applied to sample images. Benthic biodiversity and community compositions were characterized through eDNA analysis. Our findings revealed significant variations in burrow distribution, sediment properties, and community compositions, both between and within creek sections. Temporal heterogeneity emerged as a substantial influencer of burrow characteristics, while the propensity of benthic communities to respond to topography and sediment properties constituted a chief determinant of burrow distribution. Utilizing a structural equation model based on field data, we illuminated four response pathways governing burrow distribution. Abiotic factors, especially under temporal heterogeneity, had a paramount impact, highlighting the need to explore relative biotic and abiotic influences, considering seasonal regulation. These findings establish a foundational understanding of burrow distribution and its driving mechanisms in creek ecosystems. They offer valuable insights for future field observations and research directions in this field.

Headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) detected 206 and 186 samples of fresh and stored sorghums respectively with three major types in Baijiu industry. The fingerprints showed the differences of volatile compounds among fresh sorghum types by qualitative analysis and artificial recognition. Organic waxy sorghums had more contents of nonanal and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol but fewer ketones. The contents of acetoin in non-glutinous sorghums and organic non-glutinous sorghums were high. On the other hand, genetic algorithm-partial least squares (GA-PLS) selected 19 and 32 characteristic volatile compounds in fresh and stored sorghums. After centering and auto scaling to unit variance, the classification models with three major types of organic waxy sorghum, non-glutinous sorghum and organic non-glutinous sorghum were established based on orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The goodness-of-fit (R2Y) and the goodness-of-prediction in cross-validation (Q2) in the model of fresh sorghum types all exceeded 0.9, in stored were over 0.8, the correct classification rates of external prediction were 95 % and 100 %, which revealed good performance and prediction. On this basis, the correct classification rates reached 87 % in organic waxy sorghums adulterated over 10 % ratio. GC-IMS combined with chemometrics is applicable in practical production for rapid identification of sorghum types and adulterations.

BackgroundGenerally, enterococci bacteria cause nosocomial infections and are major indicators of bacterial contamination in marine bathing beach. However, a method for the rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple pathogenic enterococci has not been developed on account of the wide variety of pathogenic enterococci and their existence in complex matrices.MethodsImmunoinformatics tools were used to design a multi-epitope antigen for the detection of various pathogenic enterococci by using the sequence of dltD gene on enterococci lipoteichoic acid (LTA) surface, which is associated with toxicological effects. The multi-epitopes included enterococci such as Enterococcus faecalis, E. gallinarum, E. raffinosus, E. durans, E. faecium, E. hirae, E. thailandicus, E. casseliflavus, E. avium, E. mundtii, E. lactis, E. solitarius, E. pseudoavium, and E. malodoratum. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) and western blot were carried out to detect the affinity between multi-epitope antigens and antibodies and between multi-epitope antibodies and bacteria. Furthermore, the detection of pathogenic enterococci was carried out by using immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) and immune chromatographic test strip (ICTS).ResultsThe multi-epitope antibody had a satisfactory affinity to the antigen and enterococci. IMBs and ICTS were detected with a minimum of 101 CFU/mL and showed incompatibility for Vibrio parahemolyticus, V. vulnifcus, V. harveyi, V. anguillarum, and Edwardsiella tarda.ImplicationThe present study demonstrated that the multi-epitope antigens exhibited excellent specificity and sensitivity, making them highly suitable for efficient on-site screening of enterococci bacteria in marine bathing beaches.

Gradient MCrAlY coatings exhibited good oxidation resistance during cyclic oxidation at 1200 °C. The interdiffusion behavior between the coating and substrate at 1200 °C exhibited distinct differences compared to that below 1100℃. In this study, the interdiffusion behavior in the gradient MCrAlY/superalloy system was investigated at 1080 °C/1200 °C after cyclic oxidation. To exclude the effect of aluminization on diffusion behavior, interdiffusion behavior between MCrAlY coatings and nickel-based superalloys was also studied at 1080 °C/1200 °C under oxygen-free condition. Based on experiment and thermodynamic calculation, temperature-dependent interdiffusion relationships between Al and Cr were established. The results showed that the diffusion fluxes of Al and Cr were close at 1080 °C. The diffusion flux of Cr could exceed that of Al at 1200 °C, resulting in the formation of the Cr-rich γ phase. The secondary γ' phases precipitated during the cooling of Cr-rich γ phase from 1200 °C. Furthermore, the calculations indicated that increasing Cr in the substrate reduced the diffusion driving force of Al from coating to substrate. This study clarified the role of Cr in interdiffusion and proposed a strategy to reduce the precipitation of TCP phases in gradient MCrAlY/superalloy system at 1200 °C by designing a wide Cr-rich γ phase zone.

Abstract O‐GlcNAcylation functions as a cellular nutrient and stress sensor and participates in almost all cellular processes. However, it remains unclear whether O‐GlcNAcylation plays a role in the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity, because mice lacking O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) are embryonically lethal. Here, a mild Ogt knockout mouse model is constructed and the important role of O‐GlcNAcylation in establishing and maintaining cell polarity is demonstrated. Ogt knockout leads to severe pulmonary fibrosis and dramatically promotes epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. Mechanistic studies reveal that OGT interacts with pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1) and centrosomal protein 131 (CEP131), components of centriolar satellites required for anchoring microtubules to the centrosome. These data further show that O‐GlcNAcylation of PCM1 and CEP131 promotes their centrosomal localization through phase separation. Decrease in O‐GlcNAcylation prevents PCM1 and CEP131 from localizing to the centrosome, instead dispersing these proteins throughout the cell and impairing the microtubule‐centrosome interaction to disrupt centrosome positioning and cell polarity. These findings identify a previously unrecognized role for protein O‐GlcNAcylation in establishing and maintaining cell polarity with important implications for the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.

Abstract Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are essential mediators of intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although the biological features of sEVs have been characterized based on in vitro culture models, recent evidence indicates significant differences between sEVs derived from tissue and those derived from in vitro models in terms of both content and biological function. However, comprehensive comparisons and functional analyses are still limited. Here, we collected sEVs from breast cancer tissues (T‐sEVs), paired normal tissues (N‐sEVs), corresponding plasma (B‐sEVs), and tumor organoids (O‐sEVs) to characterize their transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. We identified the actual cancer‐specific sEV signatures characterized by enriched cell adhesion and immunomodulatory molecules. Furthermore, we revealed the significant contribution of cancer‐associated fibroblasts in the sEV network within the TME. In vitro model‐derived sEVs did not entirely inherit the extracellular matrix‐ and immunity regulation‐related features of T‐sEVs. Also, we demonstrated the greater immunostimulatory ability of T‐sEVs on macrophages and CD8+ T cells compared to O‐sEVs. Moreover, certain sEV biomarkers derived from noncancer cells in the circulation exhibited promising diagnostic potential. This study provides valuable insights into the functional characteristics of tumor tissue‐derived sEVs, highlighting their potential as diagnostic markers and therapeutic agents for breast cancer.

BackgroundThe gut microbiota is very important for maintaining the homeostasis and health of crustaceans. Many factors affect the gut microbiota of crustaceans, one of which is temperature. However, it is currently unclear how temperature affects the gut microbiota and metabolites of Procambarus clarkii.MethodsUsing metagenomic sequencing and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) techniques, the gut microbiota and metabolites of P. clarkii from Hubei (HB), Jiangsu (JS), Shandong (SD), and Zhejiang (ZJ) in China were investigated.ResultsUnder the impact of temperature, the gut microbiota and metabolites of P. clarkii exhibit a specific trend of change. The primary pathogenic bacteria affecting P. clarkii are Citrobacter, Enterobacterium, and Aeromonas, which are affected by temperature. Two metabolites, namely, sugars and amino acids, are regulated by temperature.ImplicationThis study demonstrated that the gut microbiota and gut metabolites of P. clarkii were considerably affected by temperature. It provides a theoretical basis for the systematic study of P. clarkii and provides a basis for a healthy culture of P. clarkii.

The incidence of intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer, has steadily increased over the past decades. The Hippo pathway is involved in cell proliferation, tissue and organ damage, energy metabolism, tumor formation, and other physiologic processes. Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death characterized by the accumulation of iron and lipid peroxides. The Hippo pathway and ferroptosis are associated with various intestinal diseases; however, the crosstalk between them is unclear. This review elaborates on the current research on the Hippo pathway and ferroptosis in the context of intestinal diseases. We summarized the connection between the Hippo pathway and ferroptosis to elucidate the underlying mechanism by which these pathways influence intestinal diseases. We speculate that a mutual regulatory mechanism exists between the Hippo pathway and ferroptosis and these two pathways interact in several ways to regulate intestinal diseases.

AbstractMost research on image schema examined the meaning configuration of words connotation. However, previous studies of adjectives are meaningful in cognitive linguistics because they provide insight into how those adjectives are involved with psychological movement. In this sense, from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, one’s conceptualization and cognition are closely associated with their bodily experience and surroundings; adjectives are no exception. The varieties of transformations of image schemas lay the foundation for the conception and perception. Accordingly, this study is an investigation into the perception of adjectives and psychological activities associated with image schema. Data in this study come from adjectives in the novel The Great Gatsby, which were tagged and calculated with the help of software Python and the NLTK package. The results demonstrate that a significant amount of adjectives were used in the novel. Moreover, Nick’s psychological activities changed significantly from the SOURCE to the DESTINATION schematic stage, which is uncovered by his expression of adjectives. Finally, the results further suggest that transformations of image schema as BALANCE, CONTAINER, and PATH work together to motivate one’s linguistic expression of adjectives. The present findings have several implications for research on lexicons and literacy interpretation from cognitive linguistics.

Objective To explore the association of renal surface nodularity (RSN) with the increased adverse vascular event (AVE) risk in patients with arterial hypertension. Methods This cross-sectional study included patients with arterial hypertension aged 18–60 years who underwent contrasted computed tomography (CT) of kidney from January 2012 to December 2020. The subjects were classified into AVE or not (non-AVE) matched with age (≤5 years) and sex. Their CT images were analyzed using both qualitative (semiRSN) and quantitative RSN (qRSN) methods, respectively. Their clinical characteristics included age, sex, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, hypertension course, diabetes history, hyperlipidemia, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results Compared with non-AVE group (n = 91), AVE (n = 91) was at lower age, higher SBP, and fewer rate of diabetes and hyperlipidemia history (all P

AbstractBackground Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a common disease in the intensive care unit (ICU) accompanied by high mortality, the purpose of this study was to build a prediction model for the 30 days mortality of SAP.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 149 patients with SAP after admission in 48 h to the ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2015 and December 2019. Clinical variables including gender, age, blood routine, and biochemical indicators were collected. On the basis of these variables, stepwise regression analysis was carried out to establish the model. A bootstrapping technique was applied for internal validation.Results Age, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglycerides (TG), and creatinine (CREA) were differences between survivors and nonsurvivors groups (all p

Drought causes a decrease in tobacco yield and quality as well as a reduction in net photosynthetic rate. Salicylic acid (SA) is involved in the regulation of many physiological processes and has been widely used to improve plant drought tolerance. The hydroponic experiment was carried out on flue-cured tobacco variety K326. SA solutions (0.3 mM) were sprayed on the leaves every day for three days, after which 15% PEG-6000 was used to simulate moderate drought. The results showed that drought stress reduced the photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr), while it enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline and protein content. Compared with PEG drought stress, SA improved the Pn, Gs and Tr by 45.74%, 26.82%, and 52.22% respectively. Besides, the activities of SOD, POD, CAT, protein and proline content increased by 44.27%, 50.18%, 25%, 34.69% and 24.88%, respectively, while the MDA content decreased by 23.89%. Furthermore, SA spraying increased the drought tolerance of tobacco by modulating the expression level of the genes associated with photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and photosynthesis-antenna proteins. Hence, SA spraying reduced the inhibition of drought on photosynthesis and stimulated the antioxidant system, thus improving the drought resistance in tobacco.

Abstract Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a heterogeneous tumor with different genetic and molecular alterations. Schemes for ccRCC classification system based on multiomics are urgent, to promote further biological insights. Two hundred and fifty‐five ccRCC patients with paired data of clinical information, transcriptome expression profiles, copy number alterations, DNA methylation, and somatic mutations were collected for identification. Bioinformatic analyses were performed based on our team's recently developed R package “MOVICS.” With 10 state‐of‐the‐art algorithms, we identified the multiomics subtypes (MoSs) for ccRCC patients. MoS1 is an immune exhausted subtype, presented the poorest prognosis, and might be caused by an exhausted immune microenvironment, activated hypoxia features, but can benefit from PI3K/AKT inhibitors. MoS2 is an immune “cold” subtype, which represented more mutation of VHL and PBRM1, favorable prognosis, and is more suitable for sunitinib therapy. MoS3 is the immune “hot” subtype, and can benefit from the anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy. We successfully verified the different molecular features of the three MoSs in external cohorts GSE22541, GSE40435, and GSE53573. Patients that received Nivolumab therapy helped us to confirm that MoS3 is suitable for anti‐PD‐1 therapy. E‐MTAB‐3267 cohort also supported the fact that MoS2 patients can respond more to sunitinib treatment. We also confirm that SETD2 is a tumor suppressor in ccRCC, along with the decreased SETD2 protein level in advanced tumor stage, and knock‐down of SETD2 leads to the promotion of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In summary, we provide novel insights into ccRCC molecular subtypes based on robust clustering algorithms via multiomics data, and encourage future precise treatment of ccRCC patients.

IntroductionThe intricate interplay between gut microbiota and hyperuricemia remains a subject of growing interest. However, existing studies only provided snapshots of the gut microbiome at single time points, the temporal dynamics of gut microbiota alterations during hyperuricemia progression and the intricate interplay between the gut barrier and microbiota remain underexplored. Our investigation revealed compelling insights into the dynamic changes in both gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function throughout the course of hyperuricemia.MethodsThe hyperuricemia mice (HY) were given intragastric administration of adenine and potassium oxalate. Gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after the start of the modeling process. Intestinal permeability as well as LPS, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels were measured at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days.ResultsWe discovered that shifts in microbial community composition occur prior to the onset of hyperuricemia, key bacterial Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides, and Blautia exhibited reduced levels, potentially fueling microbial dysbiosis as the disease progresses. During the course of hyperuricemia, the dynamic fluctuations in both uric acid levels and intestinal barrier function was accompanied with the depletion of key beneficial bacteria, including Prevotellaceae, Muribaculum, Parabacteroides, Akkermansia, and Bacteroides, and coincided with an increase in pathogenic bacteria such as Oscillibacter and Ruminiclostridium. This microbial community shift likely contributed to elevated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, ultimately promoting metabolic inflammation. The decline of Burkholderiaceae and Parasutterella was inversely related to uric acid levels, Conversely, key families Ruminococcaceae, Family_XIII, genera Anaeroplasma exhibited positive correlations with uric acid levels. Akkermansiaceae and Bacteroidaceae demonstrating negative correlations, while LPS-containing microbiota such as Desulfovibrio and Enterorhabdus exhibited positive correlations with intestinal permeability.ConclusionIn summary, this study offers a dynamic perspective on the complex interplay between gut microbiota, uric acid levels, and intestinal barrier function during hyperuricemia progression. Our study suggested that Ruminiclostridium, Bacteroides, Akkermansiaceae, Bilophila, Burkholderiaceae and Parasutterella were the key bacteria that play vital rols in the progress of hyperuricemia and compromised intestinal barrier, which provide a potential avenue for therapeutic interventions in hyperuricemia.

BackgroundThe number of patients undergoing proton therapy has increased in recent years. Current treatment planning systems (TPS) calculate dose maps using three-dimensional (3D) maps of relative stopping power (RSP) and mass density. The patient-specific maps of RSP and mass density were obtained by translating the CT number (HU) acquired using single-energy computed tomography (SECT) with appropriate conversions and coefficients. The proton dose calculation uncertainty of this approach is 2.5%-3.5% plus 1 mm margin. SECT is the major clinical modality for proton therapy treatment planning. It would be intriguing to enhance proton dose calculation accuracy using a deep learning (DL) approach centered on SECT.ObjectivesThe purpose of this work is to develop a deep learning method to generate mass density and relative stopping power (RSP) maps based on clinical single-energy CT (SECT) data for proton dose calculation in proton therapy treatment.MethodsArtificial neural networks (ANN), fully convolutional neural networks (FCNN), and residual neural networks (ResNet) were used to learn the correlation between voxel-specific mass density, RSP, and SECT CT number (HU). A stoichiometric calibration method based on SECT data and an empirical model based on dual-energy CT (DECT) images were chosen as reference models to evaluate the performance of deep learning neural networks. SECT images of a CIRS 062M electron density phantom were used as the training dataset for deep learning models. CIRS anthropomorphic M701 and M702 phantoms were used to test the performance of deep learning models.ResultsFor M701, the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) of the mass density map by FCNN are 0.39%, 0.92%, 0.68%, 0.92%, and 1.57% on the brain, spinal cord, soft tissue, bone, and lung, respectively, whereas with the SECT stoichiometric method, they are 0.99%, 2.34%, 1.87%, 2.90%, and 12.96%. For RSP maps, the MAPE of FCNN on M701 are 0.85%, 2.32%, 0.75%, 1.22%, and 1.25%, whereas with the SECT reference model, they are 0.95%, 2.61%, 2.08%, 7.74%, and 8.62%. ConclusionThe results show that deep learning neural networks have the potential to generate accurate voxel-specific material property information, which can be used to improve the accuracy of proton dose calculation.Advances in knowledgeDeep learning-based frameworks are proposed to estimate material mass density and RSP from SECT with improved accuracy compared with conventional methods.

Many studies have focused on the influence of dietary supplements on gut microbiota composition, but limited research have reported their effects on specific bacterial species in the gut. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is one of the most widely studied probiotics, with a wide range of sources and good environmental adaptability. In this study, in order to elucidate the adaptation strategies of L. plantarum to the gut of mice supplemented with carbohydrates, peptides and minerals, whole genome resequencing and intracellular metabolites detection were performed, and high-frequency mutant genes and differential metabolites were screened. The results suggested different types of dietary supplements do have different effects on L. plantarum from the gut of mice. Additionally, KEGG annotation unveiled that the effects of these dietary supplements on the gene level of L. plantarum primarily pertained to environmental information processing, while the differential metabolites were predominantly associated with metabolism. This study provided new perspectives on the adaptive mechanism of L. plantarum in response to the host’s gut environment, suggesting that the diversity of the genome and metabolome of L. plantarum was correlated with dietary supplements. Furthermore, this study offered useful guidance in the effective utilization of dietary supplements.

Prolonged controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) can cause diaphragm fiber atrophy and inspiratory muscle weakness, resulting in diaphragmatic contractile dysfunction, called ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). VIDD is associated with higher rates of in-hospital deaths, nosocomial pneumonia, difficulty weaning from ventilators, and increased costs. Currently, appropriate clinical strategies to prevent and treat VIDD are unavailable, necessitating the importance of exploring the mechanisms of VIDD and suitable treatment options to reduce the healthcare burden. Numerous animal studies have demonstrated that ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction is associated with oxidative stress, increased protein hydrolysis, disuse atrophy, and calcium ion disorders. Therefore, this article summarizes the molecular pathogenesis and treatment of ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction in recent years so that it can be better served clinically and is essential to reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation use, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and the medical burden.

Abstract Background There is increasing evidence that DEAD-box helicases (DDX) can act either as promoters or suppressors in various cancer types. Nevertheless, the function of DDX49 in prostate cancer (PCa) is unknown. This study reveals the prognostic and predictive value of DDX49 in PCa. Methods First, we evaluated the expression of DDX49 between PCa and normal tissues based on TCGA and GEO databases. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to reveal the risk factors for PCa recurrence. A K–M curve was employed to assess the relationship between DDX49 and recurrence-free survival. In vitro, DDX49 expression was evaluated in PCa and normal prostate cell lines. Furthermore, we constructed a shDDX49 lentivirus to knock down the expression of DDX49. Celigo® Image Cytometer and MTT assay were performed to analyse cell proliferation in PC-3 cells. Cell cycle distribution was detected with flow cytometry analysis. Apoptosis affected by the lack of DDX49 was metred with the PathScan® Stress and Apoptosis Signalling Antibody Array Kit. Results This study shows a high increase in DDX49 in PCa tissues in comparison with normal tissues and that increased DDX49 indicates a poor prognosis among PCa patients. Meanwhile, DDX49 knockdown suppressed the proliferation and migration of PC-3 cells, causing cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Stress and apoptosis pathway analysis revealed that the phosphorylation of HSP27, p53, and SAPK/JNK was reduced in the DDX49 knockdown group compared with the control group. Conclusions In summary, these results suggest that high expression of DDX49 predicts a poor prognosis among PCa patients. Downregulation of DDX49 can suppress cell proliferation, block the cell cycle, and facilitate cell apoptosis. Therefore, knockdown of DDX49 is a promising novel therapy for treating patients with PCa.

C–N bond cross-coupling is fundamental in organic chemistry, but the readily available organic fluorides are unsuitable as coupling substrates. Here, we realize defluorinative cross-coupling with amines via a silylboronate-mediated strategy.

Abstract Football injuries are the most common factor affecting a football player's performance, and the last thing a football player wants. To understand the causes of football players’ injuries and how to recover sports injuries most efficiently, the football players’ injuries were managed and monitored throughout the whole cycle. However, the traditional football player injury cycle management and monitoring system are not only insecure in data storage, but more importantly, it lacks intelligent analysis of the collected data. With the continuous development of blockchain and machine learning technologies, blockchain technology is used to collect, store, clean, mine and visualize the full-cycle data of football players' injuries, and machine learning is used to provide intelligent solutions for football players' injury recovery. This paper compared the football player's injury full-cycle management and monitoring system based on blockchain and machine learning algorithm with the traditional football player's injury management and monitoring system. The experimental results showed that the average self-processing capacity of the football player injury MMS based on blockchain and ML algorithm was 70%, while the average self-processing capacity of the traditional football player injury management and monitoring system was 50%. Therefore, the application of blockchain and machine learning algorithm in the football player’s injury full-cycle management and monitoring system can effectively improve the system’s self-processing ability.

Cellulases are a class of modular enzymes with a catalytic glycoside hydrolase (GH) module that hydrolyzes the β-1, 4-glucosidic bond of the cellulose chain. Cellulases had been broadly divided into three types: endo-β-1, 4-glucanases, exo-β-1, 4-glucanases and β-glucosidases, which of synergistic effect lead to the complete degradation of cellulose to glucose. The endo-β-1, 4-glucanase is one of the key cellulases in cellulose digestion, which are likely to be the product of a glycosyl hydrolase family 9 (GHF9) gene. In this study, an endogenous cellulase gene, EsGH9-1, was identified from the transcriptome database of the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, and the sequence of EsGH9-1 was cloned by PCR. The expression levels of EsGH9-1 in different tissues and different developmental stages were studied. In addition, EsGH9-1 mRNA expression and corresponding enzyme activity under different diet conditions were analysed. The result showed that EsGH9-1 genomic DNA (11 679 bp) consists of 15 exons interrupted by 14 introns; EsGH9-1 cDNA (2044 bp) contains an open reading frame of 1740 bp, corresponding to a polypeptide of 580 amino acid residues, with a typical catalytic domain of the glycosyl hydrolase family 9 (GHF9). EsGH9-1 was expressed in various tissues of E. sinensis, particularly high in the hepatopancreas. A significant increase in expression of EsGH9-1 was also observed in megalopa and early-stage larvae. Under different dietary conditions, the relative expression of EsGH9-1 in the plant diet group was significantly up-regulated, which was consistent with the trend of β-1, 4-endoglucanase activity. The finding of the endogenous cellulase gene (EsGH9-1) in E. sinensis implies that EsGH9-1 may be involved in the decomposition of plant diet. Furthermore, this work is a fundamental step toward understanding the role of endogenous cellulase in the digestion mechanism of aquatic crustaceans.

Abstract Background Acupuncture effectively improves cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Many neuroimaging studies have found significant brain alterations after acupuncture treatment of AD, but the underlying central modulation mechanism is unclear. Objective This review aims to provide neuroimaging evidence to understand the central mechanisms of acupuncture in patients with AD. Methods Relevant neuroimaging studies about acupuncture for AD were retrieved from eight English and Chinese medicine databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SinoMed, CNKI, WF, VIP) and other resources from inception of databases until June 1, 2022, and their methodological quality was assessed using RoB 2.0 and ROBINS - I. Brain neuroimaging information was extracted to investigate the potential neural mechanism of acupuncture for AD. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results Thirteen neuroimaging studies involving 275 participants were included in this review, and the overall methodological quality of included studies was moderate. The approaches applied included task-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (ts-fMRI; n = 9 studies) and rest-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI; n = 4 studies). All studies focused on the instant effect of acupuncture on the brains of AD participants, including the cingulate gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and cerebellum, indicating that acupuncture may regulate the default mode, central executive, and frontoparietal networks. Conclusion This study provides evidence of the neural mechanisms underlying the effect of acupuncture on AD involving cognitive- and motor-associated networks. However, this evidence is still in the preliminary investigation stage. Large-scale, well-designed, multimodal neuroimaging trials are still required to provide comprehensive insight into the central mechanism underlying the effect of acupuncture on AD. (Systematic review registration at PROSPERO, No. CRD42022331527).

Highlights PLCD1 is methylated and downregulated in RCC and functions as a tumor suppressor gene Inactivation of PLCD1 contributes to RCC tumorigenesis. PLCD1 inhibits WNT/β-catenin and EGFR-FAK-ERK signaling in RCC.

Camellia oleifera is a woody oil crop with the highest oil yield and the largest cultivation area in China, and C. oleifera seed oil is a high-quality edible oil recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The objectives of this study were to investigate the variation in fruit yield traits and seed chemical compositions of wild C. oleifera in China and to identify the differences between wild C. oleifera and cultivated varieties. In this study, we collected wild C. oleifera samples from 13 sites covering the main distribution areas of wild C. oleifera to comprehensively evaluate 25 quantitative traits of wild C. oleifera fruit and seed chemical compositions and collected data of 10 quantitative traits from 434 cultivated varieties for a comparative analysis of the differences between wild and cultivars. The results showed that the coefficients of variation of the 25 quantitative traits of wild C. oleifera ranged from 2.605% to 156.641%, with an average of 38.569%. The phenotypic differentiation coefficients ranged from 25.003% to 99.911%, with an average of 77.894%. The Shannon–Wiener index (H’) ranged from 0.195 to 1.681. Based on the results of principal component analysis (PCA) and phenotypic differentiation coefficients, 10 traits differed significantly between wild C. oleifera and cultivated varieties, while the differentiation coefficients (VST) for fresh fruit weight, oleic acid, unsaturated fatty acids, stearic acid, and saturated fatty acids were more than 95%, of which fresh fruit weight and oleic acid content were potential domestication traits of C. oleifera. The results of this study can contribute to the efficient excavation and utilization of wild C. oleifera genetic resources for C. oleifera breeding.

Eriocheir sinensis, a key species in China’s freshwater aquaculture, is threatened by various diseases, which were verified to be closely associated with oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the response of E. sinensis to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress to understand the biological processes behind these diseases. Crabs were exposed to different concentrations of H2O2 and their antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expressions for defense and immunity were measured. Results showed that activities of antioxidant enzymes—specificallysuperoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)—varied with exposure concentration and duration, initially increasing then decreasing. Notably, SOD, GSH-Px, and T-AOC activities dropped below control levels at 96 h. Concurrently, oxidative damage markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, increased with exposure duration. The mRNA expression of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px also showed an initial increase followed by a decrease, peaking at 72 h. The upregulation of phenoloxidaseloxidase (proPO) and peroxinectin (PX) was also detected, but proPO was suppressed under high levels of H2O2. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression gradually increased with higher H2O2 concentrations, whereas induced nitrogen monoxide synthase (iNOS) was upregulated but decreased at 96 h. These findings emphasize H2O2’s significant impact on the crab’s oxidative and immune responses, highlighting the importance of understanding cellular stress responses for disease prevention and therapy development.

Background: The objective was to explore the impact of different delivery methods on maternal and infant outcomes in women with a prolonged second stage of labor and a fetus with a persistent occipital posterior position. Methods: 60 women with a fetus in the occipital posterior position who underwent obstetric low forceps-assisted delivery were selected as the study group according to the order of delivery, and 40 women who underwent cesarean section during the same period were selected as study group 1 according to the order of delivery. We compared the maternal-related indicators and neonatal outcome-related indicators of the two groups. Then, we selected women in chronological order during the same period to be included in control group 2 (60 primiparous women with a fetus in the occipital anterior position who underwent low forceps-assisted delivery during the same period) for comparison with the study group. Results: The time of fetal head delivery, postpartum hemorrhage rate, hospitalization time, average hospitalization cost, and number of cases of postpartum infection in the group with a fetus in the occipital posterior position and low forceps-assisted delivery were significantly lower than those in the cesarean section group (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the 1-minute Apgar score, umbilical artery blood gas pH value, or number of neonatal injuries between the cesarean section group and the group with a fetus in the occipital posterior position with forceps-assisted delivery (p > 0.05). There were also no statistically significant differences in the complication-related indicators between the group with a fetus in the occipital posterior position with forceps-assisted delivery and the group with a fetus in the occipital anterior position with forceps-assisted delivery. The two groups had second-degree lacerations, cervical lacerations, vaginal wall lacerations, and vaginal wall hematomas. There was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of urinary retention (p > 0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference between the group with a fetus in the occipital posterior position and forceps-assisted delivery and the group with a fetus in the occipital anterior position and forceps-assisted delivery in the comparison of related indicators of neonatal outcomes and pelvic floor reexamination at the Aa and Ap points 42 days after delivery (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The use of low forceps for women with a prolonged second stage of labor and a fetus in a persistent occipital posterior position can effectively shorten the time of fetal head delivery, reduce postpartum bleeding, reduce the incidence of postpartum infection, shorten the hospitalization time, and reduce average hospitalization costs and does not increase adverse neonatal outcomes.

This study focused on the co-fermentation of food waste and tissue paper to produce ethanol, which will eliminate the need for additional nitrogen sources and nutrients, thereby reducing production costs. In response to the inhibitory effect of the high concentrations of glucose present in mixed-substrate hydrolysates on xylose fermentation, a co-fermentation process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida shehatae was proposed. This approach reduced the fermentation time by 24 h, increased the xylose utilization rate to 88%, and improved the ethanol yield from 41% to 46.5%. The impact of external conditions and corresponding optimization were also analyzed in this process. The optimum conditions were a 1:3 ratio of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Candida shehatae, a pH of 5, and shaking at 150 r/min, and by employing dynamic temperature control, the ethanol production was increased to 21.98 g/L. Compared to conventional processes that only use Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this method enhanced the ethanol yield from 41% to 49%.

Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnets have attracted significant interest for their potential in spintronic device miniaturization, especially since the discovery of ferromagnetic ordering in monolayer materials such as CrI3 and Fe3GeTe2 in 2017. This study presents a detailed investigation into the effects of the Hubbard U parameter, biaxial strain, and structural distortions on the magnetic characteristics of T″-phase VTe2. We demonstrate that setting the Hubbard U to 0 eV provides an accurate representation of the observed structural, magnetic, and electronic features for both bulk and monolayer T″-phase VTe2. The application of strain reveals two distinct ferromagnetic states in the monolayer T″-phase VTe2, each characterized by minor structural differences, but notably different magnetic moments. The T″-1 state, with reduced magnetic moments, emerges under compressive strain, while the T″-2 state, featuring increased magnetic moments, develops under tensile strain. Our analysis also compares the magnetic anisotropy between the T and T″ phases of VTe2, highlighting that the periodic lattice distortion in the T″-phase induces an in-plane anisotropy, which makes it a material with an easy-axis of magnetization. Monte Carlo simulations corroborate our findings, indicating a high Curie temperature of approximately 191 K for the T″-phase VTe2. Our research not only sheds light on the critical aspects of the VTe2 system but also suggests new pathways for enhancing low-dimensional magnetism, contributing to the advancement of spintronics and straintronics.

Hedera helix is a traditional medicinal plant. Its primary active ingredients are oleanane-type saponins, which have extensive pharmacological effects such as gastric mucosal protection, autophagy regulation actions, and antiviral properties. However, the glycosylation-modifying enzymes responsible for catalyzing oleanane-type saponin biosynthesis remain unidentified. Through transcriptome, cluster analysis, and PSPG structural domain, this study preliminarily screened four candidate UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), including Unigene26859, Unigene31717, CL11391.Contig2, and CL144.Contig9. In in vitro enzymatic reactions, it has been observed that Unigene26859 (HhUGT74AG11) has the ability to facilitate the conversion of oleanolic acid, resulting in the production of oleanolic acid 28-O-glucopyranosyl ester. Moreover, HhUGT74AG11 exhibits extensive substrate hybridity and specific stereoselectivity and can transfer glycosyl donors to the C-28 site of various oleanane-type triterpenoids (hederagenin and calenduloside E) and the C-7 site of flavonoids (tectorigenin). Cluster analysis found that HhUGT74AG11 is clustered together with functionally identified genes AeUGT74AG6, CaUGT74AG2, and PgUGT74AE2, further verifying the possible reason for HhUGT74AG11 catalyzing substrate generalization. In this study, a novel glycosyltransferase, HhUGT74AG11, was characterized that plays a role in oleanane-type saponins biosynthesis in H. helix, providing a theoretical basis for the production of rare and valuable triterpenoid saponins.

In recent years, for the structural characteristics and design requirements of the integral rotor and disc shaft of the integrated engine, the welding quality and mechanical properties of superalloy weldments have received increasing attention. In this paper, inertia friction welding (IFW) of FGH96 alloy was carried out using different welding parameters, and the homogeneous connection of FGH96 alloy hollow bars was successfully realized. The microstructure evolution, mechanical properties and fracture failure of the welded joints at room and high temperatures were investigated. The FGH96 alloy IFW joints were divided into the weld nugget zone (WNZ), the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the base metal (BM), and there were significant differences in grain structure and distribution of the γ′ phase in each of the characteristic zones. The microhardness and tensile properties of the IFW joints were investigated, and the results showed an “M”-shaped curve in the microhardness distribution, with the lowest point of hardness observed in the HAZ. The tensile test results indicated that the fracture position moved from the BM to the WNZ with the increase in temperature, the microstructure at the fracture changed significantly and the tensile strength decreased from 1512.0 MPa at room temperature to 1201.3 MPa at 750 °C. The difference in the mechanical properties of the joints was mainly attributed to the changes in the dissolution and precipitation of the γ′ phase.

Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can mediate intercellular communication, including signaling between the placenta and maternal tissues. Human placental explant culture is a versatile in vitro model system to investigate placental function. We performed systematic studies in different tissue culture media types and oxygen tensions to identify a defined serum-free culture condition that supports high trophoblast viability and metabolism, as well as the release of similar populations of EVs, compared to traditional undefined conditions that contain media additives potentially contaminated with exogenous EVs. We also determined the time frame in which trophoblast viability and functionality remain optimal. Multiplex vesicle flow cytometry with classical EV and placenta-specific markers revealed three separate populations of explant-derived EVs: small CD63+ EVs; large PLAP+ EVs; and CD63-/PLAP- EVs. These culture and analytical approaches will enable in vitro modeling of short-term effects of environmental perturbations associated with pregnancy complications on placental function and EV release.

Cancer is a major public health issue globally and is one of the leading causes of death. Although available treatments improve the survival rate of some cases, many advanced tumors are insensitive to these treatments. Cancer cell differentiation reverts the malignant phenotype to its original state and may even induce differentiation into cell types found in other tissues. Leveraging differentiation-inducing therapy in high-grade tumor masses offers a less aggressive strategy to curb tumor progression and heightens chemotherapy sensitivity. Differentiation-inducing therapy has been demonstrated to be effective in a variety of tumor cells. For example, differentiation therapy has become the first choice for acute promyelocytic leukemia, with the cure rate of more than 90%. Although an appealing concept, the mechanism and clinical drugs used in differentiation therapy are still in their nascent stage, warranting further investigation. In this review, we examine the current differentiation-inducing therapeutic approach and discuss the clinical applications as well as the underlying biological basis of differentiation-inducing agents.

BackgroundPrevious genetic-epidemiological studies considered TERT (rs2736100), CCDC26 (rs4295627), CDKN2A/B (rs4977756) and RTEL1 (rs6010620) gene polymorphisms as the risk factors specific to glioma. However, the data samples of previous genetic-epidemiological studies are modest to determine whether they have definite association with glioma.MethodThe study paid attention to systematically searching databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, Cochrane Library and Google Scholars. Meta-analysis under 5 genetic models, namely recessive model (RM), over-dominant model (O-DM), allele model (AM), co-dominant model (C-DM) and dominant model (DM) was conducted for generating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). That was accompanied by subgroup analyses according to various racial groups. The software STATA 17.0 MP was implemented in the study.Result21 articles were collected. According to data analysis results, in four genetic models (AM, RM, DM and C-DM) TERT gene rs2736100 polymorphism, CCDC26 gene rs4295627 polymorphism, CDKN2A/B gene rs4977756 polymorphism and RTEL1 gene rs6010620 polymorphisms increased the risk of glioma in Caucasians to different degrees. In Asian populations, the CCDC26 gene rs4295627 polymorphism and CDKN2A/B gene rs4977756 polymorphism did not exhibit a relevance to the risk of glioma. It is suggested to cautiously explain these results as the sample size is small.ConclusionThe current meta-analysis suggested that the SNP of TERT (rs2736100), CCDC26 (rs4295627), CDKN2A/B (rs4977756) and RTEL1 (rs6010620) genes in glioma might increase risk of glioma, but there are ethnic differences. Further studies evaluating these polymorphisms and glioma risk are warranted.

Owing to their potential adverse health effects, global contamination by microplastics (MPs) has attracted increased scientific and societal concerns. However, in vivo studies on MP toxicity, along with its effects and underlying mechanisms, remain limited. We recently found that non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) contribute to MP-mediated vascular toxicity. Moreover, previous studies have identified N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications in ncRNAs as influencing factors in cardiovascular disease. However, whether and how m6A modifications in ncRNAs are affected by MP-induced cardiotoxicity remain unknown. Herein, we profiled differentially expressed ncRNAs and their related m6A modification profiles in MP-exposed myocardial tissue using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq). First, we observed that MPs accumulated in different organs and upregulated apoptosis in the heart, liver, spleen, and kidney cells. Furthermore, total m6A and METTL3 levels increased in the myocardium after exposure to MPs. RNA-seq results revealed that 392 lncRNAs and 302 circRNAs were differentially expressed in MP-treated mouse myocardium compared to the control group. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses showed that these altered lncRNAs and circRNAs were closely associated with endocytosis, cellular senescence, and cell cycle signaling pathways, which may cause cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, MeRIP-seq data showed different distributions and abundances of m6A modifications in lncRNAs and circRNAs. Additionally, we identified differentially m6A methylated lncRNAs and circRNAs through conjoint analysis of the two high-throughput sequencing datasets and found that both m6A modifications and the expression of circ-Arfgef2 and lncG3bp2 were upregulated after exposure to MPs. This suggests that MP-induced m6A modifications in ncRNAs are involved in cardiotoxicity. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of MP-induced cardiotoxicity and new molecular targets for treating cardiac injury.

Purpose: Proton vertebral body sparing craniospinal irradiation (CSI) treats the thecal sac while avoiding the anterior vertebral bodies in an effort to reduce myelosuppression and growth inhibition. However, robust treatment planning needs to compensate for proton range uncertainty, which contributes unwanted doses within the vertebral bodies. This work aimed to develop an early in vivo radiation damage quantification method using longitudinal magnetic resonance (MR) scans to quantify the dose effect during fractionated CSI. Methods and Materials: Ten pediatric patients were enrolled in a prospective clinical trial of proton vertebral body sparing CSI, in which they received 23.4 to 36 Gy. Monte Carlo robust planning was used, with spinal clinical target volumes defined as the thecal sac and neural foramina. T1/T2-weighted MR scans were acquired before, during, and after treatments to detect a transition from hematopoietic to less metabolically active fatty marrow. MR signal intensity histograms at each time point were analyzed and fitted by multi-Gaussian models to quantify radiation damage. Results: Fatty marrow filtration was observed in MR images as early as the fifth fraction of treatment. Maximum radiation-induced marrow damage occurred 40 to 50 days from the treatment start, followed by marrow regeneration. The mean damage ratios were 0.23, 0.41, 0.59, and 0.54, corresponding to 10, 20, 40, and 60 days from the treatment start. Conclusions: We demonstrated a noninvasive method for identifying early vertebral marrow damage based on radiation-induced fatty marrow replacement. The proposed method can be potentially used to quantify the quality of CSI vertebral sparing and preserve metabolically active hematopoietic bone marrow.

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to systematically evaluate prediction models for post-thrombectomy brain edema in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. This analysis aims to equip clinicians with evidence-based guidance for the selection of appropriate prediction models, thereby facilitating the early identification of patients at risk of developing brain edema post-surgery.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and Vip, aiming to identify studies on prediction models for post-thrombectomy brain edema in AIS patients up to January 2023. Reference lists of relevant articles were also inspected. Two reviewers independently screened the literature and extracted data. The Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) and the Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) guidelines were employed to assess study bias and literature quality, respectively. We then used random-effects bivariate meta-analysis models to summarize the studies.ResultsThe review included five articles, yielding 10 models. These models exhibited a relatively high risk of bias. Random effects model demonstrated that the AUC was 0.858 (95% CI 0.817–0.899).ConclusionDespite the promising discriminative ability shown by studies on prediction models for post-thrombectomy brain edema in AIS patients, concerns related to a high risk of bias and limited external validation remain. Future research should prioritize the external validation and optimization of these models. There is an urgent need for large-scale, multicenter studies to develop robust, user-friendly models for real-world clinical application.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk, unique Identifier: CRD42022382790.

Temporary plugging technology is an important drilling technique for maintaining wellbore stability and resolving lost circulation problems. The key to its success lies in the use of materials that can form a tight and stable “temporary plugging layer” with certain pressure bearing capacity and a permeability close to zero in the loss channel near the wellbore. Experimental studies have been conducted to develop adhesion formulations for optimal temporary plugging materials, as the matching relationship between particle size and fracture width is critical [(0.5−1)/1]. By measuring the permeability of the temporary plugging layer under varying confining pressure with a soap foam flowmeter, researchers have been able to evaluate the effectiveness, degradation, and dosages of temporary plugging agents. It has been shown that a single-particle material, such as a walnut shell, has a smaller permeability than a hyperfine CaCO3 coated temporary plug layer. The latter, however, is less capable of bearing pressure. By combining different materials, such as walnut shells and hyperfine CaCO3 particles, the researchers were able to create a temporary plug layer that had the lowest permeability and did not change much at variable confining pressures. Its pressure-bearing capacity is strong and the temporary plug works well. Experiments have shown that a ratio of 2:1–3:1 of hyperfine CaCO3 and walnut shell particles work well for plugging a fracture system with particles of size 2–3 times the fracture width. It developed an evaluation method for temporary plugging agents, studied their plugging capability and degradation performance for reservoir conversion, and evaluated degradation performance after successful temporary plugging. The temporary plugging rate of the temporary plugging agent increased from 98.10% to 99.81%, and the maximum temporary plugging pressure is 50.39 MPa, which can be completely reduced at 150°C for 4 h, meeting the technical requirements of “dense temporary plugging, two-way pressure bearing” to some extent.

Abstract Mesenchymal migration usually happens on adhesive substrates, while cells adopt amoeboid migration on low/nonadhesive surfaces. Protein‐repelling reagents, e.g., poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG), are routinely employed to resist cell adhering and migrating. Contrary to these perceptions, this work discovers a unique locomotion of macrophages on adhesive–nonadhesive alternate substrates in vitro that they can overcome nonadhesive PEG gaps to reach adhesive regions in the mesenchymal mode. Adhering to extracellular matrix regions is a prerequisite for macrophages to perform further locomotion on the PEG regions. Podosomes are found highly enriched on the PEG region in macrophages and support their migration across the nonadhesive regions. Increasing podosome density through myosin IIA inhibition facilitates cell motility on adhesive–nonadhesive alternate substrates. Moreover, a developed cellular Potts model reproduces this mesenchymal migration. These findings together uncover a new migratory behavior on adhesive–nonadhesive alternate substrates in macrophages.

BackgroundThe implementation of deep learning models for medical image classification poses significant challenges, including gradual performance degradation and limited adaptability to new diseases. However, frequent retraining of models is unfeasible and raises concerns about healthcare privacy due to the retention of prior patient data. To address these issues, this study investigated privacy-preserving continual learning methods as an alternative solution.MethodsWe evaluated twelve privacy-preserving non-storage continual learning algorithms based deep learning models for classifying retinal diseases from public optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, in a class-incremental learning scenario. The OCT dataset comprises 108,309 OCT images. Its classes include normal (47.21%), drusen (7.96%), choroidal neovascularization (CNV) (34.35%), and diabetic macular edema (DME) (10.48%). Each class consisted of 250 testing images. For continuous training, the first task involved CNV and normal classes, the second task focused on DME class, and the third task included drusen class. All selected algorithms were further experimented with different training sequence combinations. The final model's average class accuracy was measured. The performance of the joint model obtained through retraining and the original finetune model without continual learning algorithms were compared. Additionally, a publicly available medical dataset for colon cancer detection based on histology slides was selected as a proof of concept, while the CIFAR10 dataset was included as the continual learning benchmark.ResultsAmong the continual learning algorithms, Brain-inspired-replay (BIR) outperformed the others in the continual learning-based classification of retinal diseases from OCT images, achieving an accuracy of 62.00% (95% confidence interval: 59.36-64.64%), with consistent top performance observed in different training sequences. For colon cancer histology classification, Efficient Feature Transformations (EFT) attained the highest accuracy of 66.82% (95% confidence interval: 64.23-69.42%). In comparison, the joint model achieved accuracies of 90.76% and 89.28%, respectively. The finetune model demonstrated catastrophic forgetting in both datasets.ConclusionAlthough the joint retraining model exhibited superior performance, continual learning holds promise in mitigating catastrophic forgetting and facilitating continual model updates while preserving privacy in healthcare deep learning models. Thus, it presents a highly promising solution for the long-term clinical deployment of such models.

Minimal residual disease (MRD) refers to a very small number of residual tumor cells in the body during or after treatment, representing the persistence of the tumor and the possibility of clinical progress. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a DNA fragment actively secreted by tumor cells or released into the circulatory system during the process of apoptosis or necrosis of tumor cells, which emerging as a non-invasive biomarker to dynamically monitor the therapeutic effect and prediction of recurrence. The feasibility of ctDNA as MRD detection and the revolution in ctDNA-based liquid biopsies provides a potential method for cancer monitoring. In this review, we summarized the main methods of ctDNA detection (PCR-based Sequencing and Next-Generation Sequencing) and their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, we reviewed the significance of ctDNA analysis to guide the adjuvant therapy and predict the relapse of lung, breast and colon cancer et al. Finally, there are still many challenges of MRD detection, such as lack of standardization, false-negatives or false-positives results make misleading, and the requirement of validation using large independent cohorts to improve clinical outcomes.

Summary: Meiotic crossovers are required for the faithful segregation of homologous chromosomes and to promote genetic diversity. However, it is unclear how crossover formation is regulated, especially on the XY chromosomes, which show a homolog only at the tiny pseudoautosomal region. Here, we show that ATF7IP2 is a meiosis-specific ortholog of ATF7IP and a partner of SETDB1. In the absence of ATF7IP2, autosomes show increased axis length and more crossovers; however, many XY chromosomes lose the obligatory crossover, although the overall XY axis length is also increased. Additionally, meiotic DNA double-strand break formation/repair may also be affected by altered histone modifications. Ultimately, spermatogenesis is blocked, and male mice are infertile. These findings suggest that ATF7IP2 constraints autosomal axis length and crossovers on autosomes; meanwhile, it also modulates XY chromosomes to establish meiotic sex chromosome inactivation for cell-cycle progression and to ensure XY crossover formation during spermatogenesis.

Summary: The p53 tumor suppressor exerts antitumor functions through its ability to regulate the transcription of its downstream targets. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors implicated in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Here, we identify the lncRNA LINC00324 (long intergenic noncoding RNA 00324) as a direct p53 transcriptional target. Knockdown of LINC00324 expression promotes tumor growth by reducing p53 transcriptional activity, whereas ectopic LINC00324 expression demonstrates a reverse effect. Notably, LINC00324 is present in the endogenous p53 complex in tumor cells and directly binds to the C-terminal domain of p53 in vitro. Mechanistically, LINC00324 enables p53 transactivation by competitively disrupting the p53-SET interaction, resulting in an increase of p300/CBP-mediated H3K18 and H3K27 acetylation on the p53 target promoters. Lower LINC00324 expression is associated with more aggressive disease status and predicts worse overall survival of patients with cancer. Our study identifies a p53/LINC00324 positive feedback loop that suppresses tumor growth by counteracting SET-mediated transcriptional repression.

The supramolecular coordination doping/blending allow for intermolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) in doping/blending films, endowing films with tunable bandgap, high PLQY and high conductivity.

Abstract Background With increasing incidence and mortality, colorectal cancer (CRC) seriously endangers human health. LARP6, a member of La-related protein (LARP) family, is a RNA binding protein and probably associates with CRC progression, but its specific roles and mechanisms in CRC still remain unknown. Method Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry were employed to examine LARP6 expression in CRC tissues. Using the stable LARP6 overexpression or interference CRC cell lines, the effect of LARP6 on CRC progression were evaluated. High-throughput RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) and a series of relevant experiments were conducted to explain how LARP6 functions. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Result In this study, we found that LARP6 expression is downregulated in CRC and correlates with patients’ overall survival and relapse-free survival. Furthermore, altered LARP6 expression influences CRC cells invasion and metastasis. Mechanically, we discovered that LARP6 bind ZNF267 mRNA and regulated its stability and translation. LARP6 inhibited expression of SGMS2, a downstream target of ZNF267, resulting in ceramide and sphingomyelin imbalance in CRC cells. Interestingly, LARP6 also enhances autophagy activity of CRC cells, and the effect was at least partially determined by the inhibition of SGMS2-mediated sphingomyelin synthesis. Conclusion Our study showed how LARP6/ZNF267/SGMS2 axis influence CRC progression, which contributes to further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC development.

In this paper, a stochastic epidemic model with logistic growth is discussed. Based on stochastic differential equation theory, stochastic control method, etc., the properties of the solution of the model nearby the epidemic equilibrium of the original deterministic system are investigated, the sufficient conditions to ensure the stability of the disease-free equilibrium of the model are established, and two event-triggered controllers to drive the disease from endemic to extinction are constructed. The related results show that the disease becomes endemic when the transmission coefficient exceeds a certain threshold. Furthermore, when the disease is endemic, we can drive the disease from endemic to extinction by choosing suitable event-triggering gains and control gains. Finally, the effectiveness of the results is illustrated by a numerical example.