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The flexural ultrasonic transducer comprises a piezoelectric ceramic disc bonded to a membrane. The vibrations of the piezoelectric ceramic disc induce flexural modes in the membrane, producing ultrasound waves. The transducer is principally utilized for proximity or flow measurement, designed for operation at atmospheric pressure conditions. However, there is rapidly growing industrial demand for the flexural ultrasonic transducer in applications including water metering or in petrochemical plants where the pressure levels of the gas or liquid environment can approach 100 bar. In this study, characterization methods including electrical impedance analysis and pitch-catch ultrasound measurement are employed to demonstrate the dynamic performance of flexural ultrasonic transducers in air at elevated pressures approaching 100 bar. Measurement principles are discussed, in addition to modifications to the transducer design for ensuring resilience at increasing air pressure levels. The results highlight the importance of controlling the parameters of the measurement environment and show that although the conventional design of flexural ultrasonic transducer can exhibit functionality towards 100 bar, its dynamic performance is unsuitable for accurate ultrasound measurement. It is anticipated that this research will initiate new developments in ultrasound measurement systems for fluid environments at elevated pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid urbanization has led to ecological destruction and associated issues. Macro policies wield substantial influence over urbanization and its relationship with the environment. Without considering the differences in scale, macro policies may be ineffective at addressing urbanization's adverse impacts on the environment, and even worsen this relationship. We used data on 622 counties, 76 prefectures, and 7 urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin to examine the development level, coupling coordination degree, and spatial patterns of urbanization and ecosystem services at three scales during 2000–2020. Further, we explored the driving mechanisms in the relationship between urbanization and ecosystem services. We found that: First, the coupling coordination was relatively low but showed an upward trend. A sizeable spatiotemporal difference existed, with higher (lower) coordination in the east (west). Second, the coupling coordination of each scale exhibited significant spatial positive correlations. The low-value heterogeneous region was embedded around the agglomeration region, and polarization was significant. The larger the scale, the stronger the agglomeration effect. Further, the coupling coordination spatial agglomeration effect of each scale gradually weakened over time. Third, the spatial and temporal distributions of coupling coordination and its agglomeration characteristics at different scales differed. The urban agglomeration scale showed significant overall coordination or agglomeration characteristics, and prefecture and county regions showed local and unique characteristics within urban agglomerations. Fourth, the dominant factors influencing the spatial patterns of the coupling coordination at the county, prefecture, and urban agglomeration scales differed. The interaction and factor detection showed linear and double-factor enhancements. We find that economic development, government policies, environmental protection, and natural factors are the combined effects of urbanization and ecosystem services. Our research method can provide a reference for other river basins, and the results can help governments in formulating policies for sustainable development at different spatial scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C27H34N4O3S2, monoclinic, P21/ c (no. 14), a = 17.7267(7) Å, b = 10.5415(5) Å, c = 14.1637(4) Å, β = 91.644(3)°, V = 2645.62(18) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt( F) = 0.0620, wRref( F2) = 0.2008, T = 293(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanization has been considered a driver of PM 2.5 pollution and the attributed health burden. This study systematically measured the spatiotemporal and urban-rural heterogeneity of PM 2.5 -attributed health burden drivers, including income, population, baseline mortality rate, and PM 2.5 level. The results reveal the significantly positive contribution of disposable income and the periodical and urban-rural differentiation of population contribution to PM 2.5 -attributed health burden. The difference in driver performance due to socioeconomic development and urbanization stages might be an important determinant for different or even opposite results of previous studies. Policymaking for mitigating PM 2.5 -attributed health risk could incorporate the re-assessment and driver determination for PM 2.5 -attributed health burden into the construction and development plan from the overall urbanization perspective. The urbanization-perspective driver decomposition could be synergized with the flow analysis, equality evaluation, and policy benefit estimation to achieve further direction-determining and quantitative assessment of the urban-rural PM 2.5 health risk management strategies. • We decomposed the urbanization drivers of PM 2.5 health burden in China 2008–2021. • Drivers were determined as population, baseline mortality rate, income, and PM 2.5. • New driver disposable income showed significant driving influence. • Urban-rural heterogeneity of the drivers was presented during urbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evolving from metamaterials, optical metasurfaces not only inherit their unprecedented flexibility in tailoring light–matter interaction but also the generally fixed response determined by the metaatoms' geometries—an undesirable property that hinders the development of practical metadevices. Consequently, novel optical metasurfaces that can be tuned in an active manner are intensively studied in recent years. Due to their optically thin structures, optical metasurfaces present unique characteristics in the realization of dynamic tuning. In this review, a detailed summary of the recent advances in active optical metasurfaces is provided including discussions reviewing a variety of active materials and approaches that enable faster, stronger, and more accurate tuning. Beyond facilitating practical metadevices, studies of active metasurfaces have, and will continue to deepen the understandings of the interaction between light and nanostructured photonic architectures and to promote the development of nanofabrication techniques involving high‐complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 72-year-old man presented with history of rapidly enlarging, well-demarcated erythema with varicose veins of the chest wall and also presents the history of Hodgkin lymphoma of a left axillary lymph. It mentions the diagnosis of cutaneous flushing that associated with relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma.

Laser annealing is used for preparation of LiMn2O4. The electrochemical characterisation shows that the cycle performance of spinel LiMn2O4 is dependent on the power of the laser and the amount of lithium excess. X-ray diffraction is used to study the phase evolution of laser-annealed LiMn2O4. The morphology of LiMn2O4 particles is observed by scanning electron microscope. Electrochemical tests show that the initial capacity of the laser-annealed LiMn2O4 is less than the untreated LiMn2O4, but the cycle performance improved noticeably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Converting and patterning high‐quality perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) into flexible thin films is of great significance for high‐performance solid‐state optical applications. However, the poor stability and low quantum efficiency of PQDs after film formation is a big challenge hindering their usability. Here, an in situ synthesis strategy to prepare ligand‐free long‐term stable CsPb(Br0.3I0.7)3@poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) PQDs fibers with thermal responsive fluorescence performance is demonstrated. The luminescence of the CsPb(Br0.3I0.7)3@PMMA PQDs fibers can rapidly and reversibly quench and recover between heating and cooling cycles. It reveals that the thermally induced phase transition of CsPb(Br0.3I0.7)3 results in this thermally reversible luminescence phenomenon. This temperature‐reversible luminescence characteristic not only deepens the comprehension of the temperature‐dependent phase transition behavior of perovskite materials but also broadens their applications in the fields of information encryption storage, anti‐counterfeiting, temperature warning, and other temperature‐responsive fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chylothorax is a condition that can be challenging to diagnose due to its nonspecific clinical presentation. Several biochemical parameters of chylous pleural effusion have been identified as important indicators for the diagnosis of chylothorax. Lymphoscintigraphy is utilized to assess chylothorax and determine the location of chyle leakage. The present study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the biochemical parameters of chylous pleural effusion and 99mTc-dextran (99mTc-DX) lymphoscintigraphy in diagnosing chylothorax. Material and methods: A total of 120 patients were enrolled in the study, 83 of the patients with unilateral chylothorax, and 37 with bilateral chylothorax. All patients underwent both 99mTc-DX lymphoscintigraphy and pleural effusion laboratory analysis. The 99mTc-DX lymphoscintigraphy images were categorized as positive or negative groups based on the presence or absence of abnormal radioactive tracer accumulation in the thorax, respectively. The biochemical parameters of the two groups were subsequently compared. Results: Among these patients, 101 (84.17%) had exudative effusions, while 19 (15.83%) had transudative effusions, as determined by the levels of pleural effusion protein, lactate dehydrogenase and cholesterol. Abnormal tracer accumulation in thorax was observed in 82 patients (68.33%). Our findings indicated that lymphoscintigraphy results were not associated with exudative and transudative chylothorax (P = 0.597). The lymphoscintigraphy positive group displayed significantly higher levels of pleural effusion triglyceride and pleural effusion triglyceride/serum triglyceride ratio in all biochemical parameters, compared to the negative group (P = 0.000 and P = 0.005). We identified cutoff values of 2.870 mmol/L for pleural effusion triglycerides and 4.625 for pleural effusion triglyceride/serum triglyceride ratio, respectively, which can facilitate differentiating the positive and negative cases on lymphoscintigraphy. Conclusion: Lymphoscintigraphy technique is a dependable diagnostic tool for the qualitative assessment of chylous pleural effusion. Higher pleural effusion triglyceride level and pleural effusion triglyceride/serum triglyceride ratio indicate a positive result in patients with chylothorax on lymphoscintigraphy, with the cutoff values of 2.870 mmol/L and 4.625 aiding in the diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is usually considered that the wavelength of guided waves propagating in plates is equal to the double spacing interval of the meander-line coil of electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs). However, the actual value of the wavelength might deviate from the double spacing. This paper takes Shear Horizontal (SH) waves for instance to study the relationship between the wavelength deviation and the parameters of EMATs. It is shown that the wavelength deviation occurs when the operating point of EMATs does not locate on the dispersion curves of a certain SH mode. A wavelength measurement method is proposed to evaluate the deviation by the time-frequency analysis of detected wave signals. Experiments are set up to study the phenomenon of wavelength deviation and verify the validity of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"CN" generation from formamide dehydration! A novel Ni-catalyzed hydrocyanation of various alkenes to provide aliphatic nitriles is developed by generating hydrocyanic acid in situ from safe and readily available formamide. Excellent linear or branched regio-selectivity, wide substrate scope, cheap and stable nickel salt as a pre-catalyst, a safe cyano source, slow generation of "CN" to obviate catalyst deactivation and convenient experimental operation would render this hydrocyanation attactive for laboratory synthesis of aliphatic nitriles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), a key enzyme regulating aerobic glycolysis, is overexpressed in many human cancers, and correlates with poor clinical outcomes. Aerobic glycolysis is a hallmark of cancer, and drugs targeting its regulators, including LDHA, are being developed. However, the mechanisms of LDHA inhibition and the physiological significance of the LDHA inhibitors in cancer cells are unclear. Here, we show that microRNA-30a-5p (miR-30a-5p) suppresses LDHA expression by directly targeting its 3'-UTR. Through inhibition of LDHA, miR-30a-5p dampens glycolysis by decreasing glucose uptake, lactate production, ATP generation, and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), and increasing oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in breast cancer cells. Importantly, glycolysis regulated by miR-30a-5p is critical for its regulating breast tumor growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. In breast cancer patients, miR-30a-5p expression is negatively correlated with LDHA expression. Moreover, patients who had increased glucose uptake in tumors assessed by PET scans showed decreased miR-30a-5p expression and increased expression of LDHA. Our findings provide clues regarding the role of miR-30a-5p as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer through the inhibition of LDHA. Targeting LDHA through miR-30a-5p could be a potential therapeutic strategy in breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of iGlarLixi in the Asian Pacific (AP) population with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using derived time‐in‐ranges calculated from seven‐point self‐measured blood glucose. Methods: Two phase III trials were analysed. LixiLan‐O‐AP was performed in insulin‐naive T2D patients (n = 878) randomized to iGlarLixi, glargine 100 units/mL (iGlar) or lixisenatide (Lixi). LixiLan‐L‐CN was performed in insulin‐treated T2D patients (n = 426) randomized to iGlarLixi or iGlar. Changes in derived time‐in‐ranges from baseline to end‐of‐treatment (EOT) and estimated treatment differences (ETDs) were analysed. The proportions of patients achieving 70% or higher derived time‐in‐range (dTIR), 5% or higher dTIR improvement, and the composite triple target (≥ 70% dTIR, < 4% derived time‐below‐the‐range [dTBR] and < 25% derived time‐above‐the‐range [dTAR]) were calculated. Results: The changes from baseline to EOT in dTIR with iGlarLixi were greater versus iGlar (ETD1: 11.45% [95% CI, 7.66% to 15.24%]) or Lixi (ETD2: 20.54% [95% CI, 15.74% to 25.33%]) in LixiLan‐O‐AP, and versus iGlar (ETD: 16.59% [95% CI, 12.09% to 21.08%]) in LixiLan‐L‐CN. In LixiLan‐O‐AP, the proportions of patients achieving 70% or higher dTIR or 5% or higher dTIR improvement at EOT with iGlarLixi were 77.5% and 77.8%, respectively, higher than with iGlar (61.1% and 75.3%) or Lixi (47.0% and 53.0%). In LixiLan‐L‐CN, the proportions of patients achieving 70% or higher dTIR or 5% or higher dTIR improvement at EOT were 71.4% and 59.8% with iGlarLixi, greater than with iGlar (45.4% and 39.5%). More patients achieved the triple target with iGlarLixi compared with iGlar or Lixi. Conclusion: iGlarLixi achieved greater improvements in dTIR parameters versus iGlar or Lixi in insulin‐naïve and insulin‐experienced AP people with T2D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malignant tumors have been one of the major reasons for deaths worldwide. Timely and accurate diagnosis as well as effective intervention of tumors play an essential role in the survival of patients. Genomic instability is the important foundation and feature of cancer, hence, in vivo oncogene imaging based on novel probes provides a valuable tool for the diagnosis of cancer at early-stage. However, the in vivo oncogene imaging is confronted with great challenge, due to the extremely low copies of oncogene in tumor cells. By combining with various novel activatable probes, the molecular imaging technologies provide a feasible approach to visualize oncogene in situ, and realize accurate treatment of tumor. This review aims to declare the design of nanoprobes responded to tumor associated DNA or RNA, and summarize their applications in detection and bioimaging for tumors. The significant challenges and prospective of oncogene-targeting nanoprobes towards tumors diagnosis are revealed as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • This is the first systematic review for NLO metal halides. • The relationships between microscopic structures and NLO performances in NLO metal halides are summarized and analyzed. • The development prospects for NLO metal halides are discussed. Abstract Infrared (IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are of current interest owing to their technological applications in many military and civil fields. Metal halides are among the most favorable candidates for IR laser frequency conversion owing to their relatively large NLO effects, wide IR transparency and high laser damage thresholds (LDT). However, the comprehensive review for metal halides NLO materials is absent. Herein, we focus on the relationship between the structural features and NLO performances in the reported metal halide NLO materials. In particular, metal halides are classified according to the NLO-active [ MX k ] anionic units and NLO-active cations, i.e. , they are sorted into traditional metal halides containing linear units, triangle pyramidal units, tetrahedral units, rectangular pyramidal units, five-coordinated pseudo-octahedra, six- and more-coordinated polyhedral units, organic-inorganic and supramolecular metal halides. The determination rules of these microscopic structures on NLO properties in metal halides are summarized and analyzed on the basis of the combination of available experimental data and first-principles results. From the deduced structure-property relationship, the development prospects for NLO metal halides are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The objective of the study is to observe changes in choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods. The right eyes of 36 patients (27 females and 9 males) with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) and those of 36 age-, gender-, and diopter-level-matched healthy participants were evaluated. The patients' data were obtained within 3 months after the onset of Graves' disease (GD). Thyroid hormone levels and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) levels were measured, and the degree of exophthalmos was measured in all patients. Activity is measured by the clinical activity score (CAS). A horizontal scan centered on the fovea was performed in all participants. Five points of choroidal thickness were measured at the fovea (SFCT) and at 1500 μm nasal (N1500), 3000 μm nasal (N3000), 1500 μm temporal (T1500), and 3000 μm temporal (T3000) to the fovea. Results. The CT measurements obtained were (mean ± SD) 313.47 ± 100.32 μm, 279.22 ± 85.80 μm, 214.64 ± 75.52 μm, 313.19 ± 80.36 μm, and 298.14 ± 82.75 μm in patients with GO and were 256.33 ± 50.18 μm, 223.14 ± 59.61 μm, 176.69 ± 60.66 μm, 250.92 ± 52.184 μm, and 239.47 ± 60.35 μm in the control group at the foveal, N1500, N3000, T1500, and T3000 measurement points, respectively. The CT in GO patients was significantly increased at all the points compared with the control group (P<0.05). There was no relationship between the CT and CAS, the degree of exophthalmos, triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or TRAb levels in GO. Conclusions. CT was found to be increased in GO patients and had poor relationship with CAS, exophthalmos, and thyroid function tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High thermally conductive materials with good electrical insulating and mechanical properties are indispensable for electronics. Aiming for all-polymer composites with light weight, electrical insulation and high thermal conductivity (TC), ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers/epoxy composites with two kinds of fiber orientation structures (0°/90°, ±45°) were fabricated by hot-pressing. It is found that the in-plane TC of ±45° composite is approximately 1.3–1.4 times that of 0/90° one, and the corresponding mechanism is verified by finite element simulation and model calculation. Thermally conductive pathways formed by UHMWPE fibers endow 0/90° and ±45° composites with the in-plane TC of 9.94 and 13.61 Wm−1K−1, respectively. Through depositing polydopamine (PDA) and grafting polyether amine (PEA) onto the surface of fibers, the poor fiber/epoxy interface was improved, resulting in 40.7% and 52.3% improvement in interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and shear modulus, respectively. Simultaneously, a higher in-plane TC as high as 15.76 Wm−1K−1 is achieved. The heat dissipation evaluation indicates that the composite can reduce the temperature of the resistance wire by 14 °C. This work reveals the great potential of UHMWPE fibers in heat dissipation and provides a strong candidate for electrical insulating support materials with high TC for heat management of electronics. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

K3Ba3Li2Al4B6 O20F is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of K2CO3, BaCO3, Li2CO3, Al2O3, LiF, and H3BO3 (1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coupling of various readily available aromatic aldehydes with terminal alkenes leads to 1,2-disubstituted alkenes with good regioselectivity and in most cases a E:Z ratio of <20:1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A computer-assisted material design system based on first-principles DFT calculations is employed to predict that NH4Be2BO3F2 possesses nonlinear optical properties, such as deep-UV second harmonic generation capability, very close to those of KBe2BO3F2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A diagram is presented which shows the chemical formula for the derivatives of isoquinoline, the coupling of aliphatic aldehydes and azaarenes, and alkylation of heterocycles.

Negative linear compressibility (NLC), a rare and important mechanical effect with many application potentials, in a crystal of α-BiB3O6 (BIBO) is comprehensively investigated using first-principles calculations and high-pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments. The results indicate that the BIBO crystal exhibits the second largest NLC among all known inorganic materials over a broad pressure range. This unusual NLC behaviour is due to the rotation and displacement of the rigid [BO3] and [BO4] building units that result in hinge motion in an umbrella-like topology. More importantly, the parallel-polar lone-pair electrons on the Bi3+ cations act as 'umbrella stands' to withstand the B-O hinges, thus significantly enhancing the NLC effect. BIBO presents a unique example of a 'collapsible umbrella' mechanism for achieving NLC, which could be applied to other framework materials with lone-pair electrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the synthesis and biological evaluation of 131I‐labeled antihuman tumor‐derived immunoglobulin G (IgG) light chain monoclonal antibody (4E9) ([131I]I‐4E9) as a promising probe for tumor imaging. [131I]I‐4E9 was synthesized in radiochemical yield of 89.9 ± 4.7% with radiochemical purity of more than 99%. [131I]I‐4E9 showed high stability in normal saline and human serum. In cell uptake studies, [131I]I‐4E9 exhibited favorable binding affinity and high specificity in HeLa MR cells. In biodistribution studies, [131I]I‐4E9 showed high tumor uptake, high tumor/non‐tumor ratios, and specific binding in BALB/c nu/nu mice bearing human HeLa MR xenografts. Single‐photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) imaging of [131I]I‐4E9 in the HeLa MR xenograft model demonstrated clear visualization of tumor after 48 h and confirmed specific binding in tumor. These findings suggest that [131I]I‐4E9 possesses favorable biological characteristics and warrants further investigation as a prospective probe for imaging and treatment of cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization is characterized by the ability to accurately deliver chemotherapy drugs with minimal systemic side effects and has become the standard treatment for unresectable intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, this treatment option still has much room for improvement, one of which may be the introduction of nanomaterials, which exhibit unique functions and can be applied to in vivo tumor imaging and therapy. Several biodegradable and multifunctional nanomaterials and nanobeads have recently been developed and applied in the locoregional treatment of hepatocellular cancer. This review explores recent developments and findings in relation to micro-nano medicines in transarterial therapy for HCC, emerging strategies to improve the efficacy of delivering nano-based medicines, and expounding prospects for clinical applications of nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A practical zinc acetate dihydrate‐catalyzed reductive amination of various carbonyl compounds with N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) as dimethylamino (Me2N) source, reductant and solvent has been developed. This reaction shows broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, avoids the need for a pressure‐proof reactor and column chromatographic isolation operations and gives up to 98% yield, to make it an attractive method for the preparation of tertiary N,N‐dimethylamines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide the first experimental demonstration of the handedness dependent electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in chiral metamaterials during the interaction with circularly polarized waves. The observed chiral-sensitive EIT phenomena arise from the coherent excitation of a non-radiative mode in the component split ring resonators (SRRs) produced by the corresponding Born−Kuhn type (radiative) resonators that are responsible for the pronounced chirality. The coherent coupling, which is dominated by the bonding and antibonding resonances of the Born−Kuhn type resonators, leads to an extremely steep dispersion for a circularly polarized wave of predefined handedness. Accordingly, retrieved effective medium parameters from simulated results further reveal a difference of 80 in the group indices for left- and right-handed circularly polarized waves at frequencies within the EIT window, which can potentially result in handedness-sensitive pulse delays. These chiral metamaterials which enable a handedness dependent EIT effect may provide more degrees of freedom for designing circular polarization based communication devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor with a high degree of malignancy, strong heterogeneity, and high lethality. Trop2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein associated with the occurrence, development, and poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer. This study aims to develop 64Cu/177Lu-labeled anti-Trop2 monoclonal antibody (hIMB1636) for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and radioimmunotherapy (RIT) application in pancreatic cancer tumor models. Methods: The binding kinetics of hIMB1636 to Trop2 antigen was measured by Biolayer interferometry (BLI). Western blotting was used to screen the Trop2 expression of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Flow cytometry and cell immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the binding ability of hIMB1636 and Trop2 on the cell surface. hIMB1636 were conjugated with p-SCN-Bn-NOTA (NOTA) and DOTA-NHS-ester (DOTA) for 64Cu and 177Lu radiolabeling respectively. ImmunoPET imaging and RIT studies were performed using 64Cu-NOTA-hIMB1636 and 177Lu-DOTA-hIMB1636 in subcutaneous pancreatic cancer tumor models. Results: hIMB1636 had a strong binding affinity to Trop2 according to the results of BLI. The T3M-4 cell line showed the strongest expression of Trop2 and specific binding ability of hIMB1636 according to the results of Western blotting, flow cytometry, and cell immunofluorescence. The radiochemical purity of 64Cu-NOTA-hIMB1636 and 177Lu-DOTA-hIMB1636 exceeded 95%. PET imaging showed gradually an accumulation of 64Cu-NOTA-hIMB1636 in T3M-4 tumor models. The maximum tumor uptake was 8.95 ± 1.07%ID/g (n = 4) at 48 h post injection (p.i.), which had significant differences with T3M-4-blocked and PaTu8988-negative groups (P < 0.001). The high-177Lu-hIMB1636 group demonstrated the strongest tumor suppression with standardized tumor volume about 94.24 ± 14.62% (n = 5) at 14 days p.i., significantly smaller than other groups (P < 0.05). Ex vivo biodistribution and histological staining verified the in vivo PET imaging and RIT results. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that 64Cu/177Lu-labeled hIMB1636 could noninvasively evaluate the expression level of Trop2 and inhibit the Trop2-overexpressed tumor growth in pancreatic cancer tumor models. Further clinical evaluation and translation of Trop2-targeted drug may be of great help in the stratification and management of pancreatic cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoporous carbon nanotubes (mCNTs) hold great promise interests, owing to their superior nano-platform properties for biomedicine. To fully utilize this potential, the toxicity and biodistribution of pristine and surface-modified mCNTs (-OH/-COOH) should preferentially be addressed. The results of cell viability suggested that pristine mCNTs induced cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. As evidence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), pristine mCNTs induced noticeable redox imbalance. 99mTc tracing data suggested that the cellular uptake of pristine mCNTs posed a concentrate-dependent and energy-dependent manner via macropinocytotic and clathrin-dependent pathways, and the main accumulated organs were lung, liver and spleen. With OH modification, the ROS generation, MDA deposition and SOD consumption were evidently reduced compared with the pristine mCNTs at 24/48 h high-dose exposure. With COOH modification, the modified mCNTs only showed a significant difference in SOD consumption at 24/48 h exposure, but there was no significant difference in the measurement of ROS and MDA. The internalization mechanism and organ distribution of modified mCNTs were basically invariant. Together, our study provides evidence that mCNTs and the modified mCNTs all could induce oxidative damage and thereby impair cells. 99mTc-mCNTs can effectively trace the distribution of nanotubes in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction from mixtures of KP, Si, and P in the molar ratio of 1:2:2 (750 °C, 4 d). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aviation community is actively investigating initiatives to reduce aircraft fuel consumption from surface operations, as surface management strategies may face fewer implementation barriers compared with en route strategies. One fuel-saving initiative for the air transportation system is the possibility of holding aircraft at the gate, or the spot, until the point at which they can taxi unimpeded to the departure runway. The extent to which gate holding strategies have financial and environmental benefits hinges on the quantity of fuel that is consumed during surface operations. A pilot of an aircraft may execute the taxi procedure on a single engine or utilize different engine thrust rates during taxi because of a delay. In the following study, we use airline fuel consumption data to estimate aircraft taxi fuel consumption rates during the “unimpeded” and “delayed” portions of taxi time. We find that the fuel consumption attributed to a minute of taxi-out delay is less than that attributed to minute of unimpeded taxi time; for some aircraft types, the fuel consumption rate for a minute of taxi delay is half of that for unimpeded taxi. It is therefore not appropriate, even for rough calculations, to apply nominal taxi fuel consumption rates to convert delayed taxi-out time into fuel burn. On average we find that eliminating taxi delay would reduce overall flight fuel consumption by about 1%. When we consider the savings on an airport-by-airport basis, we find that for some airports the potential reduction from reducing taxi delay is as much as 2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An alkali metal selenite chloride, Rb2SeOCl4·H2O, has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. It is the first example of an alkali metal selenite halide in the literature. The compound crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric (NCS) space group, Cmc21(36), of the orthorhombic system with a = 10.342(3) Å, b = 10.124(3) Å, c = 9.158(3) Å, and α = β = γ = 90°. The anionic [SeOCl4]2− groups are arranged in the crystal in nearly the same direction, giving rise to a relatively large macroscopic dipole moment, causing the compound to display second harmonic generation (SHG) eight times as strong as that of KDP, measured using the Kurtz–Perry method on powders. First-principle density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to interpret the relationship between the crystal structure and properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One order of magnitude enhanced transmissivity was demonstrated by microwave scattering parameter measurements of a sub-wavelength single hole aperture (λ/20) coupled to a high-permittivity ferroelectric cube (εr = 120). It was shown that the large permittivity value allows the concentration of the impinging electromagnetic wave on a millimetre scale, compatible with the deep sub-wavelength millimetre-sized aperture without involving surface plasmon mode propagation as in optics. The transmission enhancement explained by a tight coupling between the dielectric resonator and the sub cut-off aperture was experimentally verified by considering coupling distance and hole size as parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Recent developments in mid-IR NLO materials utilizing f 0 rare earth chalcogenides (RE = Sc, Y, La) are reviewed. • The advantages of utilizing f 0 rare earth chalcogenides as mid-IR NLO materials are thoroughly analyzed. • Several useful conclusions and considerations for future research are presented. Mid-infrared (mid-IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are extensively researched as a vital optoelectronic material family with widespread applications ranging from civil to military fields. Metal chalcogenides possess a wide range of IR transparency and vast structural diversity, making them ideal system for exploration of novel mid-IR NLO materials. Incorporating rare earth elements with 4 f 0 and 5 f 0 electrons, including Sc, Y, and La, into chalcogenide structures in mid-IR NLO materials has been actively studied in the recent years. In this review, we categorize all typical f 0 rare earth (RE = Sc, Y, La) chalcogenides in the inorganic crystal structure database based on their NLO functional groups. We then assess their energy band gaps, NLO coefficients, birefringence, IR cut-offs, and mechanical properties using available experimental data and first-principles results and investigate the correlation between structural features and mid-IR NLO performance. It is showed that the f 0 rare earth chalcogenides can possess suitable birefringence and NLO response for mid-IR NLO applications, while not compromising energy band gap, thus may have a well-balanced mid-IR NLO performance. The prospects of novel f 0 rare earth chalcogenides with favorable mid-IR NLO performance are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RFID tag identification is a crucial problem in UHF RFID systems. Traditional tag identification algorithms can be classified into two categories, ALOHA-based and tree-based. Both of them are inefficient due to the incidental high coordination cost. In this paper, we bring CSMA into UHF RFID systems to enhance tag read rate by reducing coordination cost. However, it is not straightforward due to the simple hardware design of passive RFID tags, which is unable to sense the transmissions or collisions of other tags. To tackle this challenge, we propose receiver-based CSMA (RCSMA) in this paper. In RCSMA, the reader notifies the tags channel condition. According to different sensing results of reader's notifications, the tags take corresponding actions, e.g., random back off. RCSMA does not require special RFID tag hardware design. An absorbing Markov chain model is presented to analyze the performance of RCSMA and shown to be consistent with the simulation results. Compared with optimized ALOHA-based algorithms and optimized tree-based algorithms, RCSMA can enhance the tag read rate by 30-70 percent under different reader and tag data rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RFID has been gaining popularity due to its variety of applications, such as inventory control and localization. One important issue in RFID system is tag identification. In RFID systems, the tag randomly selects a slot to send a Random Number (RN) packet to contend for identification. Collision happens when multiple tags select the same slot, which makes the RN packet undecodable and thus reduces the channel utilization. In this paper, we redesign the RN pattern to make the collided RNs decodable. By leveraging the collision slots, the system performance can be dramatically enhanced. This novel scheme is called DDC, which is able to directly decode the collisions without exact knowledge of collided RNs. In the DDC scheme, we modify the RN generator in RFID tag and add a collision decoding scheme for RFID reader. We implement DDC in GNU Radio and USRP2 based testbed to verify its feasibility. Both theoretical analysis and testbed experiment show that DDC achieves 40 percent tag read rate gain compared with traditional RFID protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A new 0D iron-based magnetic chalcohalide, Ba3FeS4Br, has been prepared by the spontaneous crystallization method. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma. Interestingly, the structure contains a Ba-Br reticulate structure in which isolated FeS4 tetrahedra are located. Its band gap was experimentally determined to be 1.65 eV. Despite the large separation between the Fe atoms, with the shortest distance being more than 6.33(2) Å, temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility and field-dependent magnetization measurements on Ba3FeS4Br unexpectedly showed an antiferromagnetic phase transition at 85 K, which may be due to the antiferromagnetic super exchange of Fe3+ spins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the enhancing effect of radionuclide therapy by the therapeutic gene placed under the control of radio-responsive promoter.Methods: The recombinant lentivirus E8-codA-GFP, including a synthetic radiation-sensitive promoter E8, cytosine deaminase (CD) gene, and green fluorescent protein gene, was constructed. The gene expression activated by (125)I radiation was assessed by observation of green fluorescence. The ability of converting 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to 5-fluorourial (5-FU) by CD enzyme was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The viability of the infected cells exposed to (125)I in the presence of 5-FC was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the infected cells exposed to (125)I alone served as negative control and 5-FU as positive control.Results: The recombinant lentiviral vector was constructed successfully. On exposure of infected cells to (125)I, green fluorescence can be observed and 5-FU can be detected. MTT assay showed that the survival rate for infected cells treated with (125)I was lower compared with the (125)I control group, but higher than the positive control group.Conclusion: The synthetic promoter E8 can induce the expression of downstream CD gene under (125)I radiation, and the tumor killing effect of (125)I can be enhanced by combining CD gene therapy with radiosensitive promoter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new ternary sulfide Sn 2 SiS 4 has been synthesized via high-temperature solid state reaction. It crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group P2 1 / c of the monoclinic system. In the structure, the Sn 2+ cations are coordinated to a heavily-distorted octahedron of six S atoms or a pentagonal pyramid of six S atoms, both geometries clearly demonstrating the effect of the stereo-chemically active electron lone pair on the Sn coordination environment. These SnS 6 polyhedra and the SiS 4 tetrahedra are connected to each other via corner and edge-sharing to generate a three-dimensional framework. Based on the diffuse reflectance measurement and the electronic structure calculation, Sn 2 SiS 4 has an indirect band gap of 2.00 eV. Interestingly, Sn 2 SiS 4 exhibits an efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity pertaining to Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation, which is superior to the important photocatalyst C 3 N 4 . Moreover, the photocatalytic mechanism was also elucidated based on the active species trapping experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of invisibility has garnered long-standing interest throughout human history but has only been realized experimentally within the past decade, albeit over a limited bandwidth. While the physical wave phenomenon of a reduced scattering signature has been demonstrated with different cloaking methods such as transformation optics and scattering cancellation, such technology has yet to be incorporated into any practical real-world devices. Through the use of quasi-2D functional metasurfaces, the long-standing issue of simultaneous mutual coupling and radiation blockage is addressed that occurs when two or more electromagnetic radiators are placed in close proximity to one another. The proposed compact and ultralightweight metasurfaces, comprising arrays of subwavelength electric and magnetic resonators with tailored dispersive properties, are capable of fully restoring the intrinsic properties of real-world electromagnetic radiators when placed in a multiradiator environment. This work introduces a general design approach to bridge the gap between the theory and practice for cloaks, which is applicable to microwave, terahertz, and optical radiators, as well as acoustic and thermal sources. Moreover, this technology provides an unprecedented opportunity for enabling high-density deployment of radiating systems with low interference and undistorted signal wave fronts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the influence of temperature on the corrosion behavior of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy in a chloride-containing sulfuric acid solution was investigated using electrochemical measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Results show that the passive film of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 is stable in chloride-containing sulfuric acid solutions at low temperatures, while an unstable film forms on the alloy at high temperatures. Furthermore, temperature changes the proportion of hydroxide and oxide in Fe and Cr, but it has no noticeable effect on Al and Ni, which is a significant factor on the passive behavior. L12 phase exhibits good corrosion resistance at different temperatures. Pitting occurred on B2 phase in the chloride-containing sulfuric acid solution at a low temperature of 5 °C, while pitting and dissolution take place on AlCoCrFeNi2.1 in the acid solution at room temperature and above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal seam impact risk assessment is the premise of coal mine safety, which can reduce the occurrence of underground impact pressure accidents and directly affect the safety, coal production, economic and social benefits of coal mining enterprises. In order to evaluate the impact risk of coal seams more reasonably and comprehensively, and consider the weights of different influencing factors on the impact risk of coal seams, the neural network model is proposed to evaluate the impact risk of coal seams. Mining depth, impact tendency, geological structure and mining technology are selected as the influencing factors of coal seam impact risk. Each influencing factor contains different evaluation indices, a total of 18. The 18 evaluation indices and the impact risk level are normalized and quantified. The BP neural network model for evaluating coal seam impact risk level is established, and the impact risk of 2-1 coal seams in a mine in Inner Mongolia is comprehensively evaluated and analyzed in this study. The results show that the BP neural network model can represent coal seam impact risk level well. The application of the BP neural network model to evaluate coal seam impact risk level has the characteristics of high precision, fast calculation speed and less artificial calculation, which provides an efficient and convenient method for the evaluation of coal seam impact risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The endocannabinoids (eCBs), N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide, AEA) and 2-ararchidonylglycerol (2-AG) have been identified as main endogenous ligands for cannabinoid receptors. Developing a sensitive and robust method to determine AEA and 2-AG has been shown to be essential to understand their effects in stress regulation and the pathogenesis of affective disorders. Since eCBs are endogenous molecules, there is no true blank matrix available to construct calibration curves, thus, it has been a challenge to determine eCBs in plasma and brain matrix. A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method is developed to determine the concentrations of AEA and 2-AG in murine plasma and different brain substructures (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus). To overcome the endogenous interference, a “surrogate analyte” approach was adopted using stable isotope-labeled standards as surrogates of authentic analytes to generate calibration curves in biological matrix. The mobile phase, composed of formic acid 0.1% in water–acetonitrile (40:60, v/v), was optimized to separate 2-AG and its non-bioactive isomer 1-AG. The analytes were extracted with ethyl acetate/n-hexane (9:1, v/v) and separated on an Xbridge C18 (2.1 × 100 mm, 3.5 μm) column using N-Oleoylethanolamine-d2 (OEA-d2) as the internal standard. Detection was performed in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with an electrospray ionization source operated in positive ion mode. The method was applied to assess plasma and brain eCBs in tumor-bearing mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new quaternary selenides, namely Ba4Ga4SnSe12 and Ba6Ga2SnSe11, have been synthesized for the first time, representing the first two members in the A/M/Sn/Q (A = alkaline-earth metal; M = Al, Ga, In; Q = S, Se, Te) system. Ba4Ga4SnSe12 crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric space group P4̅21/c of the tetragonal system and has a three-dimensional structure. Its three-dimensional framework is built up from corner-sharing GaSe4 and SnSe4 tetrahedra with eight-coordinated Ba2+ cations residing in the cavities. Ba6Ga2SnSe11 crystallizes in a new structure type in the monoclinic centrosymmetric space group P21/c. The structure of Ba6Ga2SnSe11 features a zero-dimensional structure containing totally isolated distorted SnSe4 tetrahedra and a discrete Ga2Se7 unit with Ba2+ cations located between them. On the basis of the diffuse-reflectance spectra, the band gaps are 2.16 (2) eV and 1.99 (2) eV for Ba4Ga4SnSe12 and Ba6Ga2SnSe11 respectively. In addition, the electronic structure calculation of Ba4Ga4SnSe12 indicates that it is a direct-gap semiconductor with the band gap mainly determined by the [Ga4SnSe12]8− anionic framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first two members in the quaternary A/A′/M/Q (A = alkali metal; A′ = alkaline-earth metal; M = As, Sb, Bi; Q = S, Se, Te) system, namely the KBaMSe 3 (M = As, Sb) selenides, have been synthesized by solid state reactions. They are isostructural and crystallize in the centrosymmetric space group P 2 1 / c of the monoclinic system. In the structure, the trivalent M atom (M = As, Sb) is coordinated to three Se atoms forming a trigonal pyramid with the Se atoms serving as the triangle base, showing the stereochemical activity of the ns 2 lone pair electron. The MSe 3 (M = As, Sb) trigonal pyramids are totally isolated from each other with K + and Ba 2+ cations located between them. The optical band gaps of 2.26 (2) eV for KBaAsSe 3 and 2.04 (2) eV for KBaSbSe 3 , were deduced from the diffuse reflectance spectra. The first principles calculations were performed to study the electronic structures of KBaMSe 3 (M = As, Sb) compounds and the results indicated that these two compounds are indirect band gap semiconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] miR-30a represses Eya2 expression by binding to the 3′-untranslated region of Eya2. [•] The miR-30a/EYA2 axis regulates breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. [•] The miR-30a/EYA2 axis modulates G1/S cell cycle progression. [•] The miR-30a/EYA2 axis is dysregulated in breast cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] We develop a spatial transversal filter model for meander-line coil EMATs. [•] The generated wavelengths have to belong to the wavelength spectrum of the EMAT. [•] The characteristics of multiple wavelengths will cause the multi-modes phenomenon. [•] Developing a new meander-line coil with special geometric pattern. [•] Proposing a method for removing the effect of multiple wavelengths. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A new ternary selenostannate Ba6Sn6Se13 has been synthesized by a high temperature solid-state method. The compound crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric orthorhombic space group P212121 and may be represented as Ba6Sn52+Sn4+Se13 with mixed valence Sn atoms. Sn4+ cations lie in a tetrahedral environment, while Sn2+ cations are found in two kinds of coordination environments: the trigonal pyramid and quadrangular pyramid. SnSen (n = 3, 4, 5) polyhedra are further connected to generate a three-dimensional framework with Ba2+ residing in cavities. Ba6Sn6Se13 shows moderate nonlinear optical response and is the first reported NLO compound in the Ba–Sn–Se system. In addition, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurement indicates that the band gap of Ba6Sn6Se13 is 1.52(2) eV and thermal analysis suggests that the compound melts incongruently. The theoretically calculated SHG response and band gap are in good agreement with experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Theranostic role of 89Zr- and 177Lu-labeled aflibercept in breast cancer" published in the European Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging. The correction states that the order of the names in the corresponding authors' details section was interchanged, and Dr. Kang should be listed before Dr. Li. The original article has been corrected. The publisher, Springer Nature, remains neutral regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. The authors of the article are Qi Yang, Zhao Chen, Yongkang Qiu, Wenpeng Huang, Tianyao Wang, Lele Song, Xinyao Sun, Cuicui Li, Xiaojie Xu, and Lei Kang. [Extracted from the article]

The widespread application and interest in awake prone positioning stems from its ease and availability and its ability to enhance patients' oxygenation. Nevertheless, due to the absence of consensus over the regimen of awake prone positioning, the efficacy of awake prone positioning remains uncertain. To explore the optimal regimen for awake prone positioning, including the timing of initiation, ideal daily duration, and strategies for improving patient comfort and encouraging adherence. Retrospective observational study. Two university-affiliated hospitals in Shanghai. Between December 2022 and February 2023, a total of 475 patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia who received awake prone positioning were observed. The data were collected from the hospital's electronic medical record system. The differentiation efficiency of peripheral blood oxygen saturation [SpO 2 ]:fractional oxygen concentration in inspired air [FiO 2 ] ratio at first awake prone positioning for different outcomes was tested by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the relationship between time to occurrence of 28-day outcomes and collected variables. Kaplan–Meier curves were plotted with the percentage of 28-day outcomes according to the SpO 2 :FiO 2 ratio at first awake prone positioning after controlling covariates through Cox regression. The best efficiency in predicting patient outcomes was achieved when the cutoff SpO 2 :FiO 2 ratio at first awake prone positioning was 200. Patients with a reduced SpO 2 :FiO 2 ratio (≤ 200) experienced more adverse respiratory outcomes (RR = 5.42, 95%CI [3.35, 8.76], p < 0·001) and higher mortality (RR = 16.64, 95%CI [5.53, 50.13], p < 0.001). Patients with a SpO 2 :FiO 2 ratio of ≥ 200 at first awake prone positioning, longer duration between first awake prone positioning and admission, more awake prone positioning days, and better awake prone positioning completion were significantly protected from 28-day adverse respiratory outcomes and mortality. Initiating awake prone positioning with a SpO 2 :FiO 2 ratio exceeding 200, increasing the number of awake prone positioning days, prolonging the time between first awake prone positioning and admission, and achieving better completion of awake prone positioning were found to be significantly associated with reduced adverse respiratory outcomes and mortality. ClinicalTrials.gov ; No.: NCT05795751 ; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]