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Pet ownership and interactions with animals confer various physiological and psychological benefits to humans. Although interactions with animals are commonplace, there is no consensus in the literature on the actual impact of animal exposure on prosociality. Hence, this meta-analysis investigated 20 eligible studies (n = 4,116, k = 48) and provided an extensive examination into the different potential moderators of the relationship between human–animal interaction (HAI) and prosociality, such as the distinction between empathy and prosocial behavior, HAI characteristics, and sample characteristics. Overall, a small positive effect size was found (d = 0.22), suggesting that human exposure to animals is associated with an increase in empathy and prosocial behaviors. Additionally, the type of prosociality measure, nature of human–animal interaction, animal species, and animal class significantly moderated the relationship between human–animal interaction and prosociality. We discuss the theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of these findings and highlight areas for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India has always been a nation of villages, and although Indian women are revered as goddesses, their current circumstances are incredibly deplorable. Since the day they were born, they have experienced troubles. Additionally, tradition and custom are hostile to women. Their lives are being improved by several NGOs and the government, but these efforts remain insufficient. The main obstacle to their development and empowerment is education. The reality is that our nation has the highest percentage of illiterate people in the whole globe. Approximately 50% of all adult females in India cannot read or write, and roughly one-third of the country's population is today functionally illiterate. Particularly among women and in rural regions, illiteracy rates are high. Education for women is essential to the overall growth of any nation. Even though gender equality in education is given a lot of attention in India, there is still inequality in access to education. Women have different levels of access to education in rural and urban areas. All of these issues are covered in this essay along with appropriate solutions to the issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background-Peripartum hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus performed in obstetrical complications such as uncontrolled postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), unrepairable uterine rupture, and sepsis during or immediately after abdominal and vaginal deliveries. Its incidence has increased in recent years. The objective of this study was to review all the cases of Peripartum hysterectomy in a Kamla Raja Hospital, Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior.(July 2020-July 2022) to determine its incidence, management and outcomes in women who underwent peripartum hysterectomy. Materials and Method-All women undergoing peripartum hysterectomy from July 2020 to July 2022 were included in the study. Details of the women who underwent peripartum hysterectomy wascollected from the case files, OT registers and SNCU registers. The total number of deliveries i.e caesarean and vaginal deliveries were included. Results-A total of 54 cases were collected over a period of 2 years. The incidence of peripartum hysterectomies in our study was 0.19/1,000 vaginal deliveries and 5.1/1,000 caesarean (CS) deliveries. The mean age of women undergoing hysterectomy was 29.46 years, with 28 women (51.8%) less than 30 years. Thirty six women (66.68%) were anaemic with mean preoperative haemoglobin of 8.02 g/dl. Sixty-six percent of women underwent emergency hysterectomy. In our study a total 28/54 women that accounts for 51.85% of the caseshad placenta previa of which 22 were abnormally invasive morbidly adherent placenta. Abnormally invasive morbidly adherent placenta accounts for 68.51% and massive postpartum haemorrhage accounts for 37.03% of the cases and were major indications for peripartum hysterectomy. In our study 18.25 % of patients had isolated atonic PPH, while 51.85% of the cases had placenta previa in combination with atony or abnormally invasive placenta or uterine rupture. Uterine rupture accounts for 4/54 cases i.e 7.40%. More than 50 % of the hadhaemorrhage due to two or more factors (uterine atony, morbid adherent placenta, and traumatic uterine rupture). Uterine atony constituted as the cause of PPH 18.25% women single handedly, 55.56% of the cases presented in the emergency hours with minimal prior workup. Average duration of ICU stay in our study was 5.1 days and 11.11% of the cases required ventilator support .83.33% of the patients underwent total hysterectomy which inferred from the fact that majority of the cases presented with placenta previa and abnormally invasive placenta. Uterine artery ligation was done in 48.14% of the cases. Internal iliac artery ligation was done in 7.40% of the cases. The febrile illness was the most common post peripartum hysterectomy complication and the Bladder injury was the second most common intraoperative complication. One women died, one due to coagulopathy. The maternal mortality ratio for PRH was 2.78 per 100,000 live births. Stillbirth rate was 29.62%. Conclusion-Over time, caesarean section rates have skyrocketed, leading to life-threatening complications like scar rupture, placenta accreta spectrum, bladder injuries, adnexal bleeding, and broad ligament hematomas. This requires the health care system to identify high-risk women prior to workup to rule out placental invasion, improve hemoglobin stores, control hypertension, and provide appropriate management. Resident doctors need emergency obstetric hysterectomy training and workshops. Patients, family members, and outreach workers like ASHAs and ANMs should be advised that a planned caesarean section is better than attempting a home birth and arriving late to the hospital in obstructed labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the rise in the global prevalence of stress and depressive symptoms, there is an increasing need to identify promising interventions that promote well-being. One potential intervention that has been widely discussed in the literature on improving well-being is the practice of gratitude. However, findings on its effectiveness have been marred by inconsistency and publication bias. Building upon past studies, the current study aims to revisit the effect of a gratitude contemplation intervention on multiple well-being outcomes by using a within-person experimental design with a daily diary approach. Multilevel modeling showed that the gratitude contemplation intervention had a significant within-person effect on multiple daily well-being outcomes including negative affect, perceived stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Moreover, the results were robust across varying levels of personality traits. Our study provides another line of evidence to the literature supporting the benefits of gratitude contemplation intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]