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To investigate the role of affect and cognitions in predicting organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and workplace deviance behavior (WDB), data were collected from 149 registered nurses and their coworkers. Job affect was associated more strongly than were job cognitions with OCB directed at individuals, whereas job cognitions correlated more strongly than did job affect with OCB directed at the organization. With respect to WDB, job cognitions played a more important role in prediction when job affect was represented by 2 general mood variables (positive and negative affect). When discrete emotions were used to represent job affect, however, job affect played as important a role as job cognition variables, strongly suggesting the importance of considering discrete emotions in job affect research.

We address the concerns raised by Saucier about our proposed six‐factor structure of personality. First, we dispute Saucier's new interpretation of the Negative Valence factor as a meaningful dimension of personality variation. We explain that Negative Valence terms may distort the structure of personality‐descriptive terms, and that the substantive variance of Honesty is weakly correlated with Negative Valence. Also, we point out that our proposed six factors are (like the Big Five) roughly orthogonal, and that the occurrence of rotational variants within this six‐dimensional space is not problematic. We argue that in terms of comprehensiveness, parsimony, independence of factors, and replicability across languages, our proposed six‐factor model so far seems to be the optimal structure of personality characteristics. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

R. E. Lucas, E. Diener, A. Grob, E. M. Suh, and L. Shao (2000) recently argued that the core of the personality dimension of Extraversion is not sociability but a construct called reward sensitivity. This article accepts their argument that the mere preference for social interaction is not the central element of Extraversion. However, it claims that the real core of the Extraversion factor is the tendency to behave in ways that attract social attention. Data from a sample of 200 respondents were used to test the 2 hypotheses with comparisons of measures of reward sensitivity and social attention in terms of their saturation with the common variance of Extraversion measures. The results clearly showed that social attention, not reward sensitivity, represents the central feature of Extraversion.

In the present study, we investigated the role of personality in understanding impression management (IM) behaviors. We hypothesized that the HEXACO model of personality could provide an intricate understanding of the dispositional bases of IM behaviors, as well as coworkers' ability to accurately perceive the IM of those they work with. Using 2 samples (N = 176 and N = 366), we found that the common core underlying 5 IM behaviors possesses a strong negative relationship with the personality trait of Honesty-Humility, such that individuals low in this trait were more likely to report using all IM behaviors. Furthermore, we found that the unique variance associated with specific IM behaviors can be understood using other traits included in the HEXACO personality model, including Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. In a subset of the data (N = 100), we examined self-coworker convergence in IM and personality. We found that while coworkers are adequate at judging traditional personality traits, the self-coworker convergence for all 5 IM behaviors, as well as the personality trait of Honesty-Humility, were not significant. This adds to a growing body of evidence that coworkers may not be good at accurately perceiving IM or Honesty-Humility in the workplace.

We review research and theory on the HEXACO personality dimensions of Honesty-Humility (H), Agreeableness (A), and Emotionality (E), with particular attention to the following topics: (1) the origins of the HEXACO model in lexical studies of personality structure, and the content of the H, A, and E factors in those studies; (2) the operationalization of the H, A, and E factors in the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised; (3) the construct validity of self-reports on scales measuring the H factor; (4) the theoretical distinction between H and A; (5) similarity and assumed similarity between social partners in personality, with a focus on H and A; (6) the extent to which H (and A and E) variance is represented in instruments assessing the "Five-Factor Model" of personality; and (7) the relative validity of scales assessing the HEXACO and Five-Factor Model dimensions in predicting criteria conceptually relevant to H, A, and E. © 2014 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

We conducted two studies to determine whether the three-component model of organisational commitment (Meyer & Allen, 1991) is generalisable to a non-Western culture using data from South Korea. In Study 1, we found that when the 6-item versions of the scales (Meyer, Allen, & Smith, 1993) were translated into Korean, the psychometric properties of the Affective Commitment Scale were similar to those found in North America, but problems were identified in the Continuance and Normative Commitment Scales. In Study 2, we found that these problems could be overcome by adopting a revised set of items written in North America. The new scales demonstrated good psychometric properties in terms of factorial validity, internal consistency, and criterion-related validity with respect to turnover intention. We concluded that the three commitment constructs are likely to generalise to non-Western cultures, but that there might be a need to refine the measures for cross-cultural research.

We argue that lexical studies of personality structure suggest the existence of six major dimensions of personality: (I) Surgency, (II) Agreeableness, (III) Conscientiousness, (IV) Emotional Stability, (V) Intellect/Imagination, and (VI) Honesty. We then propose a two‐part theoretical basis for these dimensions. First, Honesty and rotated variants of Agreeableness and Emotional Stability are interpreted in terms of three traits—fairness/non‐exploitation, forgiveness/non‐retaliation, and empathy/attachment—that underlie prosocial versus antisocial tendencies. Second, the Surgency, Conscientiousness, and Intellect/Imagination factors are interpreted as traits that involve active engagement within three domains of endeavour—social, task‐related, and idea‐related endeavour. Predictions that follow from these interpretations are tested and found to be supported. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The structure of the French personality lexicon was investigated. Self‐ratings on the 388 most frequently used French personality‐descriptive adjectives were obtained from 415 French‐speaking people. The scree plot of eigenvalues indicated six large factors. In the varimax‐rotated six‐factor solution, the four largest factors, in order of size, corresponded fairly closely to the Big Five dimensions of Agreeableness, Emotional Stability, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness. The fifth factor was similar to the Honesty dimension found in several other languages. The sixth factor was defined by Imagination‐related terms, but not by Intellect‐related terms. Solutions involving one to five factors were also investigated and correlations between the factors that emerged from these different solutions are presented. The results are discussed in relation to other lexical studies of personality structure. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Robinson's ([ Robinson, D.L. (1999) . The ‘IQ’ factor: implications for intelligence theory and measurement. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 715–735]) arguments that crystallized intelligence represents the “one valid intelligence factor” are disputed. It is argued that Robinson seriously underestimated the relevance of fluid abilities to “intelligence”, by using an inappropriate criterion for assessing the intelligence-saturation of cognitive ability variables. The relevance of fluid and crystallized abilities to popular, psychometric, and biological conceptions of intelligence is discussed, and the issue of age-related changes in fluid and crystallized intelligence is also addressed.

We investigated the relations of the Big Five personality factor of Intellect or Openness to Experience with the crystallized and fluid aspects of measured intelligence. Approximately 500 participants completed the Personality Research Form (PRF) and the Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB). An Openness/Intellect scale, defined as the sum of four PRF scales known to be markers of the Openness/Intellect factor (Understanding, Sentience, Change, and Autonomy), was substantially correlated with MAB subtests that assess crystallized knowledge (the Verbal Scale subtests except Arithmetic), but only weakly correlated with MAB subtests that assess fluid ability (the Performance Scale subtests and Arithmetic). Among the fluid ability subtests, those containing pictures or meaningful visual stimuli were somewhat correlated with Openness/Intellect, whereas those containing numbers or abstract shapes were virtually uncorrelated with Openness/Intellect.

The psychometric properties of the Nonverbal Personality Questionnaire (NPQ) were investigated using a sample of 221 Korean respondents. First, estimates of internal-consistency reliability for scores on the NPQ scales were found to be comparable to those reported from North American samples. Second, a factor analysis of the NPQ scales showed, as expected, that five factors resembling the Big Five can be recovered from the NPQ scales. Finally, the size and the pattern of correlations between NPQ scales and several external criteria were similar to previous findings involving traditional verbal questionnaires. Based on the evidence indicated above, it was concluded that the applicability of the NPQ in Korea is quite promising. Theoretical and practical implications of recovering the Big Five factors from a completely nonverbal measure of personality also were discussed.

Psycholexical studies of personality structure in several languages have recovered, in addition to variants of the Big Five factors, a sixth factor that has been given names suggesting honesty, suc...

We tested the cross‐cultural generalizability of personality structure by factor‐analysing self‐ratings of 435 Korean university students on the 406 most frequently used Korean personality trait ad...

Abnormal adipocyte growth, in terms of increased cell numbers and increased cell differentiation, is considered to be a major pathological feature of obesity. Thus, the inhibition of preadipocyte mitogenesis and differentiation could help prevent and suppress obesity. The aim of this study was to assess whether extracts from Weissella koreensis 521 cells isolated from kimchi could exert anti-adipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 cells (fat cells). Differentiating 3T3-L1 cells were treated with W. koreensis 521 cell extracts (W. koreensis 521_CE), and cell viability was assessed by MTT assays. At concentrations below 0.2 mg/ml, W. koreensis 521_CE did not exert any cytotoxic effect in 3T3-L1 cells. However, treatment with W. koreensis 521_CE significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation, as assessed by morphological analysis and Oil Red O staining of fat. W. koreensis 521_CE treatment (0.2 mg/ml) also reduced lipid accumulation by 24% in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These findings collectively indicate that Weissella koreensis 521 may help prevent obesity.

In broad terms, James’s postulations set the agenda for this chapter. That is, we will fi rst examine the evidence suggestive of a “sick-souled” neural profi le typifi ed by a predominance of negative emotionality that might predispose some individuals to seek out religion as a means of coping with such tendencies. More specifi cally, we will review neurophysiological research linking the same pattern of hemispheric functional dominance and neurotransmitter activity to both a predisposition towards spirituality/religiosity and a tendency to experience negative mood states and more global diffi culties in cognitive-affective regulation. With this as a backdrop, we will suggest that some individuals who possess such a “sick-souled” neural profi le may be inclined therefore to turn to religion as a means of coping with their negative affective states.

In many contemporary societies, people differ greatly in the extent of their religious belief and practice. Some persons reject all belief in the supernatural, whereas others have deep religious convictions that infl uence many aspects of their lives. Understanding the psychological characteristics that predispose persons toward religiousness is an important question for psychologists of religion and for psychologists who study individual differences.

This study investigates the communication patterns and network structure of influential opinion leaders on Twitter during the 2011 Seoul mayoral elections. Among the two candidates, we focus on the usage pattern of Wonsoon Park, who actively used Twitter during the election campaign. We analyzed the network structure of candidate Park and his 15 Twitter mentors during the election period (September 26, 2011 - October 26, 2011). The gathered data consists of 19,227 tweets from 8,547 users who were responded to by one of the 17 selected opinion leaders through mentions (@) or retweets (RT). To find the authorities and hubs, which play a crucial role in information propagation, the HITS algorithm was used to quantify the influence exerted by the opinion leaders. In addition, social network triads were used to identify the communication patterns between individual users on Twitter. Results of the analysis showed that the structure of the communication patterns in Twitter were mostly fragmented rather than transitive. This signified that communication occurred from, or converged to, a single node, rather than circulating through multiple nodes during the election period. The majority of the network structures were fragmented, or one-way conversations. In other words, communication happened in the form of aggregation and propagation, rather than sharing and circulating various ideas.

In recent years, there have been increased interests and demands on electrical vehicles (EVs) as one of the green technologies. In order to overcome the critical issues of the batteries on EV introduction, we introduce the new concept of EV charging method, called On-Line Electric Vehicle (OLEV®). This technology utilizes the inductive power transmission principle, so that the EV can be charged while the vehicle is in motion or stationary. In this paper the brief operating method on the OLEV® is introduced. Like other EV applications, the vehicle requires to have properly designed heating, cooling, and air-conditioning system. Also minimizing the power consumption of the power electronics inside the vehicle, and meeting customers' perspective on the cooling and heating performance is important, and thus it is necessary develop a proper sets of dynamic models and control algorithms for Heating Ventilation Air-Conditioning (HVAC) linked together with the other required system operation, such as the power drive and wireless charging on this system. Based on the operation conditions, an intelligent control algorithm of HVAC system is developed considering important parameters such as dynamic power supply condition from the powered road, pick up power capacity and battery state of charge (SOC) level in view of driving distance. Hierarchical algorithmic decision process of heating and cooling operation based upon the available energy storage within the vehicle, instantaneous and accumulated on-road power supply, and controlling the air conditioning compressor speed, is developed and discussed in order to maximize the customers' satisfaction.

The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), a new measure of maladaptive personality traits, has recently been developed by the DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Workgroup. The PID-5 variables were examined within the seven-factor space defined by the six HEXACO factors and the Schizotypy/Dissociation factor (Ashton & Lee, 2012) using participant samples from Canada (N = 378) and the Netherlands (N = 476). Extension analyses showed that several PID-5 facet-level scales represented each of the Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Schizotypy/Dissociation factors. In contrast, only one PID-5 scale loaded strongly on HEXACO Agreeableness, and no PID-5 scales loaded strongly on Openness to Experience. In addition, a joint factor analysis involving the PID-5 variables and facets of the Five-Factor Model was conducted in the Canadian sample and recovered a set of seven factors corresponding rather closely to the HEXACO factors plus Schizotypy/Dissociation. The authors discuss implications for the assessment and structure of normal and abnormal personality. © 2012 The Guilford Press.

Glutathione (GSH) is an abundant nonprotein thiol that plays numerous roles within the cell. Previously, we showed that Lactobacillus salivarius has the capacity to mount a glutathione-mediated acid-tolerance response. In the present work we provide evidence of a requirement for GSH by Lactobacillus reuteri and have studied the role of GSH during cell growth. Medium supplementation with 0.5 mM GSH as the sole sulfur source enhanced cell growth, resulting in an increase in glucose consumption, and increased cell GSH and protein contents compared with levels seen in the absence of supplementation. Moreover, L. reuteri showed enhanced amino acid consumption when grown with 0.5 mM GSH. These findings indicate that glutathione is a nutrient for bacterial growth.

The construct of Oddity was examined in relation to the dimensions of normal personality variation and a dimension of schizotypy and dissociation. In 2 studies involving samples of community adults (N = 409) and college students (N = 378), Oddity-as operationalized in terms of perceived strangeness or eccentricity-was found to be moderately related to a Schizotypy/Dissociation factor and also to factors of normal personality variation, particularly Openness to Experience. The modest loading of Oddity on the Schizotypy/Dissociation factor, along with the somewhat stronger projection of Oddity within the space of normal personality dimensions, indicates that the Schizotypy/Dissociation factor should not be interpreted as a dimension of Oddity. The interpretation of the Schizotypy/Dissociation factor is discussed, as are the implications of these results for proposed dimensional models of personality disorders.

There is considerable scientific interest in the psychological correlates of pro-environmental behaviors. Much research has focused on demographic and social-psychological characteristics of individuals who consistently perform such actions. Here, we report the results of two studies in which we explored relations between broad personality traits and pro-environmental actions. Using a wide variety of behavior and personality measures, we consistently found moderate positive relations between Openness to Experience and pro-environmental activities in both a community sample (Study 1: N = 778) and an undergraduate student sample (Study 2: N = 115). In Study 2 we showed that the effect of Openness on pro-environmental behaviors was fully mediated by individuals’ environmental attitudes and connection to nature. Our findings suggest that high levels of aesthetic appreciation, creativity, and inquisitiveness, but not personality traits associated with altruism, may have motivated the performance of pro-environmental actions among our respondents. Implications for intervention development are discussed.

We explain that Hampshire, Parkin, Highfield, and Owen (2014b) have not demonstrated any orthogonality of brain network capacities and that a model of mental ability structure must make testable predictions about individual differences in task performance. Evidence thus far indicates that g-based models account for intercorrelations among mental ability tasks better than do task mixing or blended variable models.

Lactobacillus plantarum, a probiotic organism that plays an important role in the microbial fermentation of alkaline materials in fermenting foods, faces alkaline stress during the fermentation process. Here, we report the patterns of protein expression in L. plantarum subjected to transient (1h) alkaline stress at pH 7.7, 8.7 or 9.7. Thirty-three alkaline-responsive proteins were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Identification of proteins showing differential expression in response to alkaline stress revealed that the alkaline stress response of L. plantarum is a complex process. Some proteins appear to be induced, others repressed. These proteins could be clustered into nine groups based on their probable functions: energy metabolism, transport system, purine/pyrimidine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, proteolytic activity, transcription-translation, stress-related, general function, and unknown functions. These proteomic analyses are expected to prove useful in understanding the adaptive response of L. plantarum strains to alkaline stress and may facilitate future investigations into the genetic and physiological aspects of this response.

We report the acid tolerance response and changes in the level of protein expression of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri subjected to transient (1.5 h) acid stress at pH 3.0. Sixteen acid-responsive proteins were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting including members of five broad functional categories: metabolism, transcription/translation, DNA replication/repair, transport and binding proteins, and pH homeostasis and stress responses. This work can provide some new and relevant information on the inducible mechanisms underlying the capacity of probiotic L. reuteri to tolerate acid stress.

The “erratum and addendum” by Anderson and Ones (this issue) does not state unambiguously that participants’ HPI scale scores were incorrectly matched with their scores on the other inventories’ scales, nor does it mention the existence of other errors in the scoring of the OPQ and BPI scales. We demonstrate these errors, and we recommend the retraction of the articles by Anderson and Ones (2003) and Ones and Anderson (2002).

We describe the HEXACO–60, a short personality inventory that assesses the 6 dimensions of the HEXACO model of personality structure. We selected the 10 items of each of the 6 scales from the longer HEXACO Personality Inventory–Revised (Ashton & Lee, 2008; Lee & Ashton, 2004, 2006), with the aim of representing the broad range of content that defines each dimension. In self-report data from samples of college students and community adults, the scales showed reasonably high levels of internal consistency reliability and rather low interscale correlations. Correlations of the HEXACO–60 scales with measures of the Big Five factors were consistent with theoretical expectations, and convergent correlations between self-reports and observer reports on the HEXACO–60 scales were high, averaging above .50. We recommend the HEXACO–60 for use in personality assessment contexts in which administration time is limited.

Until now, there have been several approaches to connect and communicate with objects around us. Akousmaflore[1] and Kimapetra[2] are examples of such approaches, in which they provided a channel of communication to objects through specific actions. In this paper, we propose a new method for interacting with both organisms and objects, using the change in electric current when a user conducts a gesture on the target of interaction, ultimately widening the spectrum of the object's reaction based on the user's behavior. For our installation, we used a plant as the main target of interaction.

In this paper, we describe a media artwork that features the Biolin, a musical device that produces different sounds depending on the target object that it is being played on. Shaped like an ordinary violin bow, the Biolin analyzes the target using a weak electric current to produce a timbre that matches the target. The user can then perform by "playing" the target object using the Biolin. The Biolin was designed by modifying a violin bow in order to make it conductive and connected to a computer for the transmission of data, resulting in visual and auditory output. We showcased Biolin in front of a small audience, in which the users showed positive reactions to the new approach of making sounds from everyday objects and people around us.

The six most important personality dimensions and the HEXACO Personality Inventory The six most important personality dimensions and the HEXACO Personality Inventory R.E. de Vries, M.C. Ashton & K. Lee, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 22, September 2009, nr. 3, pp. 232-274 Recent lexical research on the structure of personality has revealed six independent and cross-cultural corresponding dimensions of personality in the same datasets that have led to the emergence of the Big Five model of personality. These six dimensions, Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience, constitute the HEXACO model of personality. In two studies, the psychometric properties of the Dutch HEXACO Personality Inventory (HEXACO-PI) and the Dutch HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised (HEXACO-PI-R) and the relations of its factor- and facet-scales with background variables, the NEO-PI-R, the Dutch Personality Questionnaire (DPQ), and the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) are investigated. The results show that the HEXACO-PI(-R) has sound psychometric properties and is meaningfully related to the abovementioned questionnaires. Implications for personality research and assessment are discussed.

This paper describes a simple new approach toward improving resolution of two-dimensional (2-D) protein gels used to explore the mammalian proteome. The method employs sample prefractionation using solution-phase isoelectric focusing (IEF) to split the mammalian proteome into well-resolved pools. As crude samples are thus prefractionated by pI range, very-narrow-pH-range 2-D gels can be subsequently employed for protein separation. Using custom pH partition membranes and commercially available immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips, we maximized the total separation distance and throughput of seven samples obtained by prefractionation. Both protein loading capacity and separation quality were higher than the values obtained by separation of fractionated samples on narrow-pH-range 2-D gels; the total effective IEF separation distance was ~82 cm over the pH range pH 3–10. This improved method for analyzing prefractionated samples on narrow-pH-range 2-D gels allows high protein resolution without the use of large gels, resulting in decreased costs and run times.

In this paper, we suggest a new interactive game for children, Bubble Letters, which allows children to experience both real and virtual environments by interacting with physical interfaces. A user composes a message from the screen and displays it on the public screen. With this process, children can learn how to compose and deliver their messages to their friends with fun, and may also develop a conception of the world by involving physical interactions. Adults can also enjoy Bubble Letters by retrieving childhood memories through childlike acts with their children.

With the change to Web2.0 Internet environmentand the popularization of blogs, people write various writings freely on the Internet such as daily events, movie reviews, news, etc. Here, we can find writings on personal experiences from the past or on past popular culture. This paper analyzed collective memory through the blogosphere. We define blog posts that qualify as containing collective memory, find the types of collective memory through analyzing comments and trackbacks, and observe how people share their memories and interact with others. The results of the analysis show that blog posts that form a collective memory have more interactions than regular blog posts and that the types of comments include those that provide information, exchange information, and reminisce. Through these results, we derive a model for collective memory and show a prototype of a system based on the model. This study has a significance in that it rediscovers memory activities of people through the analysis of the collective memory phenomenon on the Internet.

To achieve high throughput and economical format of 2-D PAGE, comparison between gel size and resolution was conducted on human breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7/AZ) proteins. SDS gel length showed a weaker influence of separation length on resolution in the second dimension, and there was little benefit of separation distances greater than 15 to 19 cm. IPG strip separation distances were very important with dramatic increase in resolution of longer gels compared with smaller gels, and maximal resolution was obtained using 18- and 24-cm IPG strips. Loading optimal amount of proteins on 2-D gels can also increase the number of detected spots. Therefore, taken together, compromise 2-D gels are crucial for higher capacity and higher throughput.

The ability of a lactic acid bacterium to survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract is a key point in its function as a probiotic. In this study, protein synthesis by the probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus reuteri, was analyzed under transiently decreased pH conditions. L. reuteri cells grown to the midexponential growth phase at 37 degrees C were exposed to transient (1 h) low-pH stresses from pH 6.8 to pH 5.0, 4.5, or 4.0. 2-DE allowed us to identify 40 common proteins that were consistently and significantly altered under all three low-pH conditions. PMF was used to identify these 40 proteins, and functional annotation allowed them to be distributed to six major classes: (i) transport and binding proteins; (ii) transcription-translation; (iii) nucleotide metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis; (iv) carbon energy metabolism; (v) pH homeostasis and stress; and (vi) unassigned. These findings provide new insight into the inducible mechanisms underlying the capacity of gastrointestinal L. reuteri to tolerate acid stress.

This article examines the six largest dimensions of the Turkish personality lexicon, as derived from the personality-descriptive terms of Goldberg and Somer's (2000) data set. The six Turkish lexical factors show close correspondences of content to all six dimensions observed in several other languages. In a new data set, the authors then correlate factor scores representing these indigenous Turkish dimensions with the scales of the HEXACO Personality Inventory, which operationalize the six cross-language factors. Results show a pattern of strong convergent and weak discriminant correlations. Overall, findings suggest that the cross-language six-dimensional structure of personality description does generalize to the Turkish lexicon. The Turkish structure also reveals some interesting emic features, particularly with regard to the content of the Openness to Experience factor.

The HEXACO Personality Inventory (HEXACO-PI) operationalizes the six factors obtained from lexical studies of personality structure in several languages. In this study, psychometric properties of the HEXACO-PI were assessed using a community adult sample and also using observer reports, thereby extending the previous investigation relying only on self-reports from a college student sample. In addition to examining the original 24 HEXACO-PI facet scales, the authors also examined two new facet scales--Altruism versus Antagonism and Negative Self-Evaluation--that assess constructs located interstitially among the factors of the HEXACO space. The HEXACO-PI again showed favorable psychometric properties in terms of reliability and factor structure and also showed high levels of self/observer agreement.

This study investigated the relations of the proposed sixth factor of personality, Honesty-Humility, with the dimensions of the classic English lexical Big Five and the closely related Five-Factor Model (FFM). Results showed that although Honesty-Humility was largely unrelated to markers of the Big Five factors, it was substantially correlated with the FFM Agreeableness domain. This relation was largely due to the Straightforwardness and Modesty facets of FFM Agreeableness, which were only weakly correlated with the Big Five version of Agreeableness. A realignment of FFM facets to produce separate Honesty-Humility and Agreeableness factors provided better prediction of personality variables that involve deceit without hostility, such as Social Adroitness and Self-Monitoring. Results indicate the importance of assessing Honesty-Humility as a separate factor.

The structure of the English personality lexicon was investigated using self-ratings (N = 310) on a set of 1,710 personality-trait adjectives. The 5-factor solution resembled the Big Five structure, but included rotational variants of Agreeableness and Emotional Stability similar to those of other languages. In the 6-factor solution an additional factor, defined by terms such as unpretentious versus sly, resembled an Honesty-Humility factor observed in other languages. The 6-factor solution also produced an especially clear 5th factor, defined by Intellect, Imagination, and Unconventionality content. The hierarchical emergence of factors from 1 to 7 was explored, and the 7-factor solution yielded a Religiosity factor, adding to the diverse array of 7th factors observed in other languages.

Proteomic responses of methylotrophic yeasts (Hansenula polymorpha DL1 and A16) to growth medium tuning by carbon source shift (glycerol-->methanol) were monitored and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Through comparative analyses of two-dimensional gels, intracellular yeast proteins with complex expression patterns were systematically sorted into: (1) proteins that are commonly expressed with comparable high abundance in both strains; (2) strain-specific proteins that are expressed at high level only in a particular strain; (3) strain-specific and methanol-induced proteins that are expressed only in the presence of methanol; and (4) strain-specific and constitutively-expressed proteins that are expressed consistently irrespective of carbon source shift without extreme change in expression level. Among the DL1-specific proteins belonging to group four, the four proteins showing the highest expression levels in the course of the fermentation process were identified as: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, isocitrate lyase, succinyl-CoA synthetase, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. From these results, it is suggested that DL1 has distinct metabolic characteristics including enhanced metabolic activities both in glycerol uptake and the glyoxylate bypass cycle, as compared to A16. This is likely to explain why the DL1 strain shows a significantly higher rate of glycerol and methanol consumption during the fermentation process. Our systematic approach to the analysis of proteomic responses and the detailed analysis results reported here will be useful to better understand the global physiology of H. polymorpha, as proteome databases for various methylotrophic yeasts are established.

Publisher Summary Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2DE) has dominated protein profile analysis for more than 25 years, and it is still the method of choice in many laboratories for quantitatively comparing changes of proteins for proteome analysis experiments. Due to the limited capacities of both gel based and nongel based protein profiling methods, it has become apparent that more powerful and reliable methods are needed for prefractionation of complex proteomes prior to 2D gels and alternative LC–MS analysis. Although preparative IEF prefractionation methods are not orthogonal to 2D gels, they show the most promise due to the very high resolution that can be obtained. Alternative lower resolution prefractionation methods severely compromise the ability to perform comprehensive quantitative comparisons due to variable cross-contamination between adjacent fractions and greater fraction complexity. A number of preparative solution-based IEF methods have been productively integrated into quantitative protein profiling strategies including Rotofor, FFE, IsoPrime, the MCE and μsol-IEF. However, some of these methods require large sample amounts and result in large dilute fractions that are not compatible with direct analysis using downstream protein profiling methods.

The aim of this study was to investigate industrial media for lactic acid fermentation to reduce the cost of nitrogen sources. Corn steep liquor (CSL) was successfully used at 5% (v/v) in batch fermentations. Use of soluble CSL improved the productivity approximately 20% with an advantage of clearer fermentation broth. Yeast extract (YE)-complemented CSL media further increased the productivity. It was found that 3.1 g L(-1) yeast extract and 5% CSL could be an effective substitute for 15 g L(-1) yeast extract in 10% glucose medium. Spent brewery yeast was also used as a sole nitrogen source equivalent to 5% CSL. Lactic acid was recovered by electrodialysis from the cell free broth. Depleted cell free broth supplemented with 5 g L(-1) of yeast extract performed reasonably in batch cultures. Reuse of the fermentation broth may reduce the cost of raw materials as well as minimize the fermentation wastes.

This paper reports the formation of veratraldehyde by electroenzymatic oxidation of veratryl alcohol (3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol) hybridizing both electrochemical and enzymatic reactions and using lignin peroxidase. The novel electroenzymatic method was found to be effective for replacement of hydrogen peroxide by an electrochemical reactor, which is essential for enzyme activity of lignin peroxidase. The effects of operating parameters such as enzyme dosage, pH, and electric potential were investigated. Further, the kinetics of veratryl alcohol oxidation in an electrochemical reactor were compared to oxidation when hydrogen peroxide was supplied externally.