450 results on '"Kil H"'
Search Results
152. O and N2 disturbances in the F region during the 20 November 2003 storm seen from TIMED/GUVI.
- Author
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Kil, H., Kwak, Y.-S., Paxton, L. J., Meier, R. R., and Zhang, Y.
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- 2011
- Full Text
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153. Local integrability of CR-hypersurfaces
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Kwon, Kil H., primary and Song, Byeong C., additional
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- 1991
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154. SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF BESSEL POLYNOMIALS IN KREIN SPACE
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Han, Sung S., primary and Kwon, Kil H., additional
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- 1991
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155. Generalized weights for orthogonal polynomials
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Kim, Sung S., primary and Kwon, Kil H., additional
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- 1991
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156. A Mathematical Study of the Boundary Integral Equation of Linear Elasticity∗
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Yoo, Yung M., primary, Park, Chan W., additional, and Kwon, Kil H., additional
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- 1990
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157. Far-ultraviolet signature of polar cusp during southward IMF B z observed by TIMED/Global Ultraviolet Imager and DMSP.
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Zhang, Y., Meng, C.-I., Paxton, L. J., Morrison, D., Wolven, B., Kil, H., Newell, P., Wing, S., and Christensen, A. B.
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- 2005
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158. O/N2 changes during 1-4 October 2002 storms: IMAGE SI-13 and TIMED/GUVI observations.
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Zhang, Y., Paxton, L. J., Morrison, D., Wolven, B., Kil, H., Meng, C.-I., Mende, S. B., and Immel, T. J.
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- 2004
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159. Discrete-Continuous Symmetrized Sobolev Inner Products.
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María Isabel Bueno, Kil H. Kwon, and Francisco Marcellán
- Abstract
This paper deals with the bilinear symmetrization problem associated with Sobolev inner products. Let {Q
n }n=0 ∞ be the sequence of monic polynomials orthogonal with respect to a Sobolev inner product of order 1 when one of the measures is discrete and the other one is a nondiscrete positive Borel measure. Furthermore, assume that the supports of such measures are symmetric with respect to the origin so that the corresponding odd moments vanish. We consider the orthogonality properties of the sequences of monic polynomials {Pn }n=0 ∞ and {Rn }n=0 ∞ such that Q2n (x)=Pn (x2 ), Q2n+1 (x)=xRn (x2 ). Moreover, recurrence relations for {Pn }n=0 ∞ and {Rn }n=0 ∞ are obtained as well as explicit algebraic relations between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2004
160. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Solitary Infantile Myofibromatosis of the Skull: A Case Report
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Seung Eun Lee, Kil Ho Cho, Jang Ho Suh, and Joon Hyuk Choi
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myofibromatosis ,skull ,neoplasms ,magnetic resonance imaging ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 - Abstract
Infantile myofibromatosis is a rare, benign mesenchymal disorder of early childhood characterized by solitary or multiple benign myofibroblastic tumors. The tumors may involve the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, bone and visceral organs. We report magnetic resonance imaging findings of solitary infantile myofibromatosis arising in the temporal bone of a ten-month-old boy, and the diagnosis was confirmed by surgical excision and histopathological examination. more...
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- 2016
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161. Optimization of a Virus-Induced Gene Silencing System with Soybean yellow common mosaic virus for Gene Function Studies in Soybeans
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Kil Hyun Kim, Seungmo Lim, Yang Jae Kang, Min Young Yoon, Moon Nam, Tae Hwan Jun, Min-Jung Seo, Seong-Bum Baek, Jeom-Ho Lee, Jung-Kyung Moon, Suk-Ha Lee, Su-Heon Lee, Hyoun-Sub Lim, Jae Sun Moon, and Chang-Hwan Park more...
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GmPDS ,optimal condition ,soybean ,SYCMV ,VIGS ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an effective tool for the study of soybean gene function. Successful VIGS depends on the interaction between virus spread and plant growth, which can be influenced by environmental conditions. Recently, we developed a new VIGS system derived from the Soybean yellow common mosaic virus (SYCMV). Here, we investigated several environmental and developmental factors to improve the efficiency of a SYCMV-based VIGS system to optimize the functional analysis of the soybean. Following SYCMV: Glycine max-phytoene desaturase (GmPDS) infiltration, we investigated the effect of photoperiod, inoculation time, concentration of Agrobacterium inoculm, and growth temperature on VIGS efficiency. In addition, the relative expression of GmPDS between non-silenced and silenced plants was measured by qRT-PCR. We found that gene silencing efficiency was highest at a photoperiod of 16/8 h (light/dark) at a growth temperature of approximately 27°C following syringe infiltration to unrolled unifoliolate leaves in cotyledon stage with a final SYCMV:GmPDS optimal density (OD)₆₀₀ of 2.0. Using this optimized protocol, we achieved high efficiency of GmPDS-silencing in various soybean germplasms including cultivated and wild soybeans. We also confirmed that VIGS occurred in the entire plant, including the root, stem, leaves, and flowers, and could transmit GmPDS to other soybean germplasms via mechanical inoculation. This optimized protocol using a SYCMV-based VIGS system in the soybean should provide a fast and effective method to elucidate gene functions and for use in large-scale screening experiments. more...
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- 2016
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162. Predictive factors of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for the response to transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma
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Kil Hyo Park, Soon Ha Kwon, Yong Sub Lee, Soung Won Jeong, Jae Young Jang, Sae Hwan Lee, Sang Gyune Kim, Sang-Woo Cha, Young Seok Kim, Young Deok Cho, Hong Soo Kim, Boo Sung Kim, and Yong Jae Kim
- Subjects
Transarterial chemoembolization ,Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Tumor size ,Feeding artery ,Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,RC799-869 - Abstract
Background/AimsThe predictive role of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) before performing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has not been determined. We assessed the possible predictive factors of CEUS for the response to TACE.MethodsSeventeen patients with 18 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) underwent TACE. All of the tumors were studied with CEUS before TACE using a second-generation ultrasound contrast agent (SonoVue®, Bracco, Milan, Italy). The tumor response to TACE was classified with a score between 1 and 4 according to the remaining enhancing-tumor percentage based on modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (mRECIST): 1, enhancing tumor more...
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- 2015
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163. Efficient Fiducial Point Detection of ECG QRS Complex Based on Polygonal Approximation
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Seungmin Lee, Yoosoo Jeong, Daejin Park, Byoung-Ju Yun, and Kil Houm Park
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electrocardiogram ,QRS complex ,fiducial point ,polygonal approximation ,dynamic programming ,QT-database ,MIT-BIH arrhythmia database ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
Electrocardiogram signal analysis is based on detecting a fiducial point consisting of the onset, offset, and peak of each waveform. The accurate diagnosis of arrhythmias depends on the accuracy of fiducial point detection. Detecting the onset and offset fiducial points is ambiguous because the feature values are similar to those of the surrounding sample. To improve the accuracy of this paper’s fiducial point detection, the signal is represented by a small number of vertices through a curvature-based vertex selection technique using polygonal approximation. The proposed method minimizes the number of candidate samples for fiducial point detection and emphasizes these sample’s feature values to enable reliable detection. It is also sensitive to the morphological changes of various QRS complexes by generating an accumulated signal of the amplitude change rate between vertices as an auxiliary signal. To verify the superiority of the proposed algorithm, error distribution is measured through comparison with the QT-DB annotation provided by Physionet. The mean and standard deviation of the onset and the offset were stable as − 4.02 ± 7.99 ms and − 5.45 ± 8.04 ms, respectively. The results show that proposed method using small number of vertices is acceptable in practical applications. We also confirmed that the proposed method is effective through the clustering of the QRS complex. Experiments on the arrhythmia data of MIT-BIH ADB confirmed reliable fiducial point detection results for various types of QRS complexes. more...
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- 2018
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164. Accurate Age Estimation Using Multi-Task Siamese Network-Based Deep Metric Learning for Frontal Face Images
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Yoosoo Jeong, Seungmin Lee, Daejin Park, and Kil Houm Park
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convolutional neural network (CNN) ,deep metric learning ,multi-task learning ,image classification ,age estimation ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
Recently, there have been many studies on the automatic extraction of facial information using machine learning. Age estimation from frontal face images is becoming important, with various applications. Our proposed work is based on a binary classifier that only determines whether two input images are clustered in a similar class and trains a convolutional neural network (CNN) model using the deep metric learning method based on the Siamese network. To converge the results of the training Siamese network, two classes, for which age differences are below a certain level of distance, are considered as the same class, so the ratio of positive database images is increased. The deep metric learning method trains the CNN model to measure similarity based only on age data, but we found that the accumulated gender data can also be used to compare ages. Thus, we adopted a multi-task learning approach to consider the gender data for more accurate age estimation. In the experiment, we evaluated our approach using MORPH and MegaAge-Asian datasets, and compared gender classification accuracy only using age data from the training images. In addition, using gender classification, our proposed architecture, which is trained with only age data, performs age comparison using the self-generated gender feature. The accuracy enhancement by multi-task learning, i.e. simultaneously considering age and gender data, is discussed. Our approach results in the best accuracy among the methods based on deep metric learning on MORPH dataset. Additionally, our method has better results than the state of the art in terms of age estimation on MegaAge-Asian and MORPH datasets. more...
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- 2018
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165. The influence of regional deprivation index on personal happiness using multilevel analysis
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Kil Hun Kim, Jin-Ho Chun, and Hae Sook Sohn
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Happiness ,Deprivation ,Multilevel analysis ,Medicine - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present study was to identify the factors that influence the happiness index of community residents, by considering personal and regional aspects, and to use as evidence of efforts for improvement of the happiness index. METHODS: The study was conducted based on information from 16,270 participants who met the data requirement among those who participated in the 2011 South Gyeongsang Community Health Survey. Of the factors that can influence the happiness index, socioeconomic characteristics, health behavior, morbidity, and healthcare use, social contact, and participation in social activities were classified as personal factors; for regional factors, data from the 2010 census were used to extrapolate the regional deprivation indices at the submunicipal-level (eup, myeon, and dong) in South Gyeongsang Province. The happiness index for each characteristic was compared to that for others via t-test and ANOVA, and multilevel analysis was performed, using four models: a basic model for identification of only random effects, model 1 for identification of personal factors, model 2 for identification of regional factors, and model 3 for simultaneous consideration of both personal and regional factors. RESULTS: The mean happiness index was 63.2 points (64.6 points in males and 62.0 points in females), while the mean deprivation index was -1.58 points. In the multilevel analysis, the regional-level variance ratio of the basic model was 10.8%, confirming interregional differences. At the personal level, higher happiness indices were seen in groups consisting of males with high educational level, high income, high degree of physical activity, sufficient sleep, active social contact, and participation in social activities; whereas lower happiness indices were seen in people who frequently skipped breakfast, had unmet healthcare needs, and had accompanying diseases, as well as those with higher deprivation index. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed that the happiness index of community residents was influenced by not only personal aspects but also various regional characteristics. To increase the happiness index, interests at both personal and regional levels, as well as community emphasis on creating social rapport and engaging in selective efforts, are needed in vulnerable regions with relatively high deprivation index. more...
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- 2015
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166. Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting by continuous infusion of subhypnotic propofol in female patients receiving intravenous patient-controlled analgesia.
- Author
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Kim, S I, Han, T H, Kil, H Y, Lee, J S, and Kim, S C
- Abstract
In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the use of continuous subhypnotic propofol infusion as an antiemetic in fentanyl intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (i.v. PCA) was investigated during the first 24 h after surgery. One hundred female patients, ASA I-II, aged 20-71 yr, undergoing major gynaecological or orthopaedic surgery, were included. Either propofol 10 mg or placebo (1 ml of Intralipid) was given and one of the following five regimens was maintained for 24 h: propofol 5, 10, 15 or 20 microg kg(-1) min(-1) or Intralipid 1 ml h(-1) as a placebo. Fentanyl i.v. PCA was started in the postanaesthesia care unit for postoperative analgesia. Significantly more of the patients given propofol 15 and 20 microg kg(-1) min(-1) experienced no nausea or vomiting compared with those given placebo (65% and 70% versus 25%; P<0.05). Patients given propofol 20 microg kg(-1) min(-1) reported more sedation than those in the other groups 4 h after surgery (P<0.05). more...
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- 2000
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167. Validation of remote sensing products produced by the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Scanning Imager (SSUSI) - a far-UV imaging spectrograph on DMSP F16
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Paxton, Lj, Morrison, D., Zhang, Yl, Kil, H., Wolven, B., Ogorzalek, Bs, David Humm, Meng, Ci, Larar, Am, and Mlynczak, Mg
168. On-orbit calibration of the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Scanning Imager (SSUSI) - a far-UV imaging spectrograph on DMSP F-16
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Morrison, D., Paxton, L., Humm, D., Wolven, B., Kil, H., Yongliang Zhang, Ogorzalek, B., Meng, C., Larar, Am, and Mlynczak, Mg
169. Shape design sensitivity analysis of an axisymmetric turbine disk using the boundary element method
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Park, Chan W., primary, Yoo, Yung M., additional, and Kwon, Kil H., additional
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- 1989
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170. PTZ Camera-Based Displacement Sensor System with Perspective Distortion Correction Unit for Early Detection of Building Destruction
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Yoosoo Jeong, Daejin Park, and Kil Houm Park
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structural health monitoring ,displacement measurement ,non-contact measurement ,vision-based system ,PTZ camera ,perspective transformation ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
This paper presents a pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) camera-based displacement measurement system, specially based on the perspective distortion correction technique for the early detection of building destruction. The proposed PTZ-based vision system rotates the camera to monitor the specific targets from various distances and controls the zoom level of the lens for a constant field of view (FOV). The proposed approach adopts perspective distortion correction to expand the measurable range in monitoring the displacement of the target structure. The implemented system successfully obtains the displacement information in structures, which is not easily accessible on the remote site. We manually measured the displacement acquired from markers which is attached on a sample of structures covering a wide geographic region. Our approach using a PTZ-based camera reduces the perspective distortion, so that the improved system could overcome limitations of previous works related to displacement measurement. Evaluation results show that a PTZ-based displacement sensor system with the proposed distortion correction unit is possibly a cost effective and easy-to-install solution for commercialization. more...
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- 2017
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171. Assumindo a responsabilidade: redescobrindo a essência da administração
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Kil Hyang Park
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Business ,HF5001-6182 - Published
- 1997
172. WWOX protein expression varies among ovarian carcinoma histotypes and correlates with less favorable outcome
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Liu Jinsong, Godwin Andrew K, Klein-Szanto Andres JP, Page Robert, Kil Hyunsuk, Abba Martín C, Ludes-Meyers John H, Rosen Daniel G, Nunez María I, Mills Gordon B, and Aldaz C Marcelo
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background The putative tumor suppressor WWOX gene spans the common chromosomal fragile site 16D (FRA16D) at chromosome area 16q23.3-24.1. This region is a frequent target for loss of heterozygosity and chromosomal rearrangement in ovarian, breast, hepatocellular, prostate carcinomas and other neoplasias. The goal of these studies was to evaluate WWOX protein expression levels in ovarian carcinomas to determine if they correlated with clinico-pathological parameters, thus providing additional support for WWOX functioning as a tumor suppressor. Methods We performed WWOX protein expression analyses by means of immunobloting and immunohistochemistry on normal ovaries and specific human ovarian carcinoma Tissue Microarrays (n = 444). Univariate analysis of clinical-pathological parameters based on WWOX staining was determined by χ2 test with Yates' correction. The basic significance level was fixed at p < 0.05. Results Immunoblotting analysis from normal ovarian samples demonstrated consistently strong WWOX expression while 37% ovarian carcinomas showed reduced or undetectable WWOX protein expression levels. The immunohistochemistry of normal human ovarian tissue sections confirmed strong WWOX expression in ovarian surface epithelial cells and in epithelial inclusion cysts within the cortex. Out of 444 ovarian carcinoma samples analyzed 30% of tumors showed lack of or barely detectable WWOX expression. The remaining ovarian carcinomas (70%) stained moderately to strongly positive for this protein. The two histotypes showing significant loss of WWOX expression were of the Mucinous (70%) and Clear Cell (42%) types. Reduced WWOX expression demonstrated a significant association with clinical Stage IV (FIGO) (p = 0.007), negative Progesterone Receptor (PR) status (p = 0.008) and shorter overall survival (p = 0.03). Conclusion These data indicate that WWOX protein expression is highly variable among ovarian carcinoma histotypes. It was also observed that subsets of ovarian tumors demonstrated loss of WWOX expression and is potentially associated with patient outcome. more...
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- 2005
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173. CHARACTERIZATION AND LARGE-SCALE EXPRESSION OF THE RECOMBINANT CYSTEINE PROTEINASE FROM ADULT CLONORCHIS SINENSIS
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Park, Seong Y., Lee, Kil H., Hwang, Young B., Kim, Kwang Y., Park, Seung K., Hwang, H. A., Sakanari, Judy A., Hong, Kyeong M., Kim, Suk-il, and Park, Hyun
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- 2001
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174. Blood flow dynamics during spinal block: more questions than answers?
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KIL, H. K.
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LETTERS to the editor , *SPINAL anesthesia , *BLOOD flow - Abstract
A response from the author of the article "Venous flow dynamics during spinal block in normotensive and hypertensive elderly patients: a duplex ultrasonographic study" in the 2012 issue is presented. more...
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- 2012
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175. Solar flare impact on FUV based thermospheric O/N2 estimation.
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Zhang, Y., Paxton, L.J., and Kil, H.
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SOLAR flares , *THERMOSPHERE , *FLUX (Energy) , *SOLAR activity , *OXYGEN - Abstract
During/after intense solar flares, FUV based thermospheric O/N 2 ratio decreases and recovers instantly, indicating that the decrease is not physical. Simulations with an increased solar X-ray (0–10 nm) flux and a fixed O and N 2 profiles show a significant 135.6 nm/LBHS decrease that is sufficient to explain the O/N 2 decrease. The false O/N 2 decrease is mostly due to increased differences in O 2 absorption at 135.6 nm and LBHS caused by low-altitude emissions associated with enhanced X-rays. However, the heating from solar flares may cause a weak depletion in O/N 2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2016
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176. The effect of epidural sufentanil in ropivacaine on urinary retention in patients undergoing gastrectomy
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Kim, J. Y., Lee, S. J., Koo, B. N., Noh, S. H., Kil, H. K., Kim, H. S., and Ban, S. Y.
- Abstract
Background. Although epidural opioids have excellent analgesic property, their side-effects limit its use in patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA). This study was designed to compare side-effects of epidural sufentanil in ropivacaine with that of morphine in ropivacaine focusing on lower urinary tract function after major abdominal surgery. Methods. In total 60 patients undergoing gastrectomy were randomly allocated to receive either sufentanil in ropivacaine (Group S, n=30) or morphine in ropivacaine (Group M, n=30) for their PCEA. Epidural catheter was inserted between the 7th and 8th thoracic spine. Visual analogue pain score and side-effects such as nausea, vomiting, pruritus, hypotension and urinary retention were evaluated during postoperative days (PODs) 1 and 2 in the postanaesthetic care unit. Results. The incidence of serious to major micturition problem in Group S was lower than that in Group M (P<0.001). The incidence of pruritus, nausea and vomiting was also lower in Group S than in Group M on POD 1. Conclusions. The lower incidence of major/serious micturition problem in patients receiving sufentanil in ropivacaine thoracic epidural analgesia suggests that continuation of urinary drainage may not be necessary from POD 1 onwards. more...
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- 2006
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177. Spread of ropivacaine by a weight-based formula in a pediatric caudal block: a fluoroscopic examination.
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KOO, B.-N., HONG, J.-Y., and KIL, H. K.
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ANESTHESIA , *MEDICAL equipment , *OPERATIVE surgery , *UROLOGY , *PEDIATRICS - Abstract
Background: Caudal block is the most common regional technique to provide post-operative analgesia in pediatric infra-umbilical surgery. This study was designed to define how many spinal segments would be covered by the weight-based dosage of caudally administered 0.2% ropivacaine in children using the fluoroscopic method. Methods: After an approval from the institutional human research review board, in 83 ASA I boys undergoing day-case urological surgery, the distribution of ropivacaine mixed with a radioactive dye in relation to the volume injected caudally was studied. Three groups were studied: for perineal surgery 0.5 ml/kg ( group C0.5), for inguinal hernia repair 1 ml/kg ( group C1.0), and for orchiopexy 1.25 ml/kg ( group C1.25). The dose of 0.2% ropivacaine containing radiopaque dye at a ratio of 1 : 4 was injected at a rate of 1 ml 3 s−1. Fluoroscopic examination was performed immediately to define the level of the drug spread within the extradural space. Results: The highest spinal levels [median with ranges] of spread were L2 [L4-T12] in group C0.5, T12 [L1-T8] in group C1.0, and T10 [L2-T7] in group C1.25. Analysis by age distribution (infants: <12 months; toddlers: 12–36 months; and children: >36 months) revealed a larger spread in younger patients. Conclusions: Based on the fluoroscopic findings, the weight-based doses for caudally administered 0.2% bupivacaine suggested by Armitage are also useful for ropivacaine to block the spinal level required for the different types of surgeries studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2010
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178. Sampling Theory in Abstract Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space.
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Hong, Yoon Mi, Kim, Jong Min, and Kwon, Kil H.
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Let H be a separable Hilbert space and k(t) an H-valued function on a subset Ω of the real line R such that {k(t) |t ∈ Ω} is total in H. Then
IF_Equ1.gif"">
becomes a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) in a natural way. Here, we develop a sampling formula for functions in this RKHS, which generalizes the well-known celebrated Whittaker-Shannon-Kotel’nikov sampling formula in the Paley-Wiener space of band-limited signals. To be more precise, we develop a multi-channel sampling formula in which each channel is given a rather arbitrary sampling rate. We also discuss stability and oversampling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2007
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179. Sampling Theory in Abstract Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space.
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Yoon Mi Hong, Jong Min Kim, and Kwon, Kil H.
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HILBERT space , *STATISTICAL sampling , *MATHEMATICAL formulas , *SAMPLING (Process) , *COMPLEX variables - Abstract
Let H be a separable Hilbert space and k(t) an H-valued function on a Subset Ω of the real line R such that {k(t)|t ∈ Ω} is total in H. Then {fx:= 〈x, k(t)〈H|x ∈ H} becomes a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) in a natural way. Here, we develop a sampling formula for functions in this RKHS, which generalizes the well-known celebrated Whittaker-Shannon-Kotel'nikov sampling formula in the Paley-Wiener space of band-limited signals. To be more precise, we develop a multi-channel sampling formula in which each channel is given a rather arbitrary sampling rate. We also discuss stability and oversampling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2007
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180. Analysis of ground-based and satellite observations of F-region behavior during the great magnetic storm of July 15, 2000
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Vlasov, M., Kelley, M.C., and Kil, H.
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TELECOMMUNICATION satellites , *MAGNETIC storms , *GEOMAGNETISM , *ELECTRIC fields - Abstract
Ground-based and satellite data on the total electron content (TEC), ion density, and velocity are analyzed to determine the main processes forming the TEC enhancement at middle and low latitudes during the great magnetic storm of July 15, 2000. According to the model presented here, a southward neutral wind can provide the small TEC enhancement observed at middle latitudes during the daytime. However, a large TEC enhancement occurred at low latitudes in the evening sector after a sudden drop in
Dst and this enhancement can only be explained by the penetration of a strong electric field at middle and low latitudes. Using an eastward electric field of about6 mV/m makes it possible to describe a very high TEC enhancement in the crest of the equatorial anomaly and a poleward displacement of the crest before sunset. Simultaneously, the model indicates a significant depletion in the equatorial trough. A very large value for the ratio of TEC (crest)/TEC (trough) is a result of these processes. One of the main features of the electron density height profiles calculated by the model under these conditions is a very highF2 peak altitude. The analysis also leads to the conclusion that sunward convection of plasma must be taken into account to explain the spatial distribution of the TEC enhancement shown by GPS maps in the North American sector. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] more...- Published
- 2003
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181. Power flow model of flexural waves in finite orthotropic plates
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Park, D.-H., Hong, S.-Y., and Kil, H.-G.
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VIBRATION (Mechanics) , *FINITE simple groups - Abstract
In this paper, an approximate power flow model is developed for the analysis of the flexural waves in finite orthotropic plate transversely vibrating in the medium-to-high frequency ranges. The derived energy equation for the model is expressed with time- and locally space-averaged farfield wave energy density. It could be the more general form than that of the conventional power flow analysis model seen in the isotropic plate. With the derived model, dynamic characteristics varying with the direction can be expressed. To verify the validity and accuracy of the model, numerical analyses are performed for the case where a finite rectangular plate is excited by a harmonic point force, and the calculated results expressed with the energy levels are compared with classical modal solutions by changing the frequency and the damping loss factor of the plate. The dominant power transmission paths in the plate are also predicted from the distribution of the approximate intensity fields. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] more...
- Published
- 2003
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182. Effect of caudal block using different volumes of local anaesthetic on optic nerve sheath diameter in children: a prospective, randomized trial.
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Lee, B., Koo, B.-N., Choi, Y. S., Kil, H. K., Kim, M.-S., and Lee, J. H.
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POSTOPERATIVE care , *POSTOPERATIVE pain treatment , *ANALGESIA , *PEDIATRICS , *PEDIATRIC anesthesia , *COMPARATIVE studies , *UROLOGICAL surgery , *INTRACRANIAL pressure , *LOCAL anesthetics , *LONGITUDINAL method , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *OPTIC nerve , *EPIDURAL anesthesia , *RESEARCH , *ULTRASONIC imaging , *EVALUATION research , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials - Abstract
Background: Caudal block is commonly administered for postoperative analgesia in children. Although caudal block with 1.5 ml kg -1 local anaesthetic has been reported to reduce cerebral oxygenation in infants, the effect of caudal block on intracranial pressure (ICP) in children has not been well investigated. Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) correlates with degree of ICP. This study aimed to estimate the effects of caudal block on ICP according to volume of local anaesthetic using ultrasonographic measurement of ONSD in children.Methods: Eighty patients, 6- to 48-months-old, were randomly allocated to the high-volume (HV) or low-volume (LV) groups for caudal block with ropivacaine 0.15%, 1.5 ml kg -1 or 1.0 ml kg -1 , respectively. Measurement of ONSD was performed before (T0), immediately after (T1), and 10 min (T2) and 30 min (T3) after caudal block.Results: The two groups exhibited significant differences in ONSD according to time ( P Group x Time =0.003). The HV group exhibited significantly greater changes in ONSD from T0 to T2 and T3 than the LV group. However, in both groups, ONSDs at T1, T2 and T3 were significantly greater compared with those at T0, with the highest values at T2.Conclusions: Caudal block with a high volume of local anaesthetic can cause a greater increase in ICP than caudal block with a low volume of local anaesthetic. However, caudal block with 1.0 ml kg -1 of local anaesthetic can also result in a significant increase in ICP.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02768493. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2017
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183. Storm-time behaviors of O/N2 and NO variations.
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Zhang, Y., Paxton, L.J., Morrison, D., Marsh, D., and Kil, H.
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NITRIC oxide , *WAVELENGTHS , *SPECTROGRAPHS , *MAGNETIC storms , *MERIDIONAL winds , *GEOMAGNETISM - Abstract
Abstract: Algorithms have been developed to extract net nitric oxide (NO) radiances in the wavelength range of 172–182nm from the dayside TIMED/GUVI spectrograph data and convert them to NO column density (100–150km). The thermospheric O/N2 column density ratios (referenced from an altitude ~135km with a N2 column density of 1017 cm−2) are also obtained from the spectrograph data. The spatial resolution of the NO and O/N2 products along the GUVI orbit is 240km. The coincident O/N2 ratio and NO column density maps during a few geomagnetic storms reveal two major features: (1) Storm-time O/N2 depletion and NO enhancement extend from high to mid and low latitudes. They are anti-correlated on a global scale, (2) the NO enhancement covers a wider longitude and latitude region than O/N2 depletion on a local scale. The similarity between O/N2 depletion and NO enhancement on global scale is due to storm-time equatorward meridional wind that brings both O/N2 depleted and NO enhanced air from high to low latitudes. The altitude dependence of the storm-time meridional wind, different peaks altitudes of the local O/N2 and NO variations, and long life time of NO (one day or longer) may explain the different behaviors of O/N2 and NO on a local scale. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] more...
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- 2014
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184. Ultrasound measurement of subglottic diameter and an empirical formula for proper endotracheal tube fitting in children.
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KIM, E. J., KIM, S. Y., KIM, W. O., KIM, H., and KIL, H. K.
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ULTRASONIC imaging , *ENDOTRACHEAL tubes , *GENERAL anesthesia , *INTUBATION , *TRACHEA - Abstract
Background The appropriate endotracheal tube ( ETT) size is commonly determined using age-based formula; ETT size determination based on ultrasound ( US) measurement of subglottic diameter ( SD), the narrowest portion of the paediatric upper airway, may provide a better method for accurate fit. We aimed to validate ETT size determination using US measures of SD before intubation to establish an empirical formula for ETT fitting based on SD and biographic parameters. Methods We included 215 children aged 1-72 months undergoing general anaesthesia. US was performed on the anterior neck to measure SD during mask ventilation under anaesthesia. Endotracheal intubation was performed with a cuffed ETT selected by age-based recommendation; the transverse outer diameter ( OD) of the ETT within the trachea at the subglottis level ( OD-ETT at SD) was measured. Results The OD-ETT at SD was correlated with the actual OD-ETT outside the trachea ( R2 = 0.635), showing the validity of ultrasonographic measurement; moreover, the US-measured SD revealed strong correlation with the actual OD-ETT ( R2 = 0.834). US-measured SD and biographic data (age, height and weight) showed little correlation in children less than 12 months but good correlation (age, height) in children older than 12 months ( P < 0.01). Conclusions US-measured OD-ETT at SD was in good agreement with the actual OD-ETT, suggesting that US-measured SD helps in choosing the appropriate ETT diameter for children. In children older than 12 months, the equation ' OD (mm) = 0.01 × age (months) + 0.02 × height (cm) + 3.3' may help select the appropriate ETT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2013
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185. Evaluation of radial and ulnar blood flow after radial artery cannulation with 20- and 22-gauge cannulae using duplex Doppler ultrasound.
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Kim, S.Y., Lee, J. S., Kim, W. O., Sun, J. M., Kwon, M. K., and Kil, H. K.
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ANESTHESIA , *BLOOD flow , *ULNAR artery , *RADIAL artery , *CATHETERIZATION , *DOPPLER ultrasonography - Abstract
This study evaluated ulnar and radial artery blood flow after radial artery cannulation during general anaesthesia using Doppler ultrasound. A total of 80 patients were randomly assigned to receive radial artery cannulation with either a 20-G or 22-G cannula. Arterial diameter, peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, resistance index and mean volume flow were measured at four time points in both arteries: before anaesthesia; 5 min after intubation; immediately after cannulation; and 5 min after cannulation. After radial artery cannulation, ulnar diameters and blood flow were significantly increased, and persisted until 5 min after cannulation. Radial blood flow was decreased immediately after cannulation and recovered to pre-cannulation values 5 min after cannulation. There were no statistical differences between groups at each time point. Radial artery cannulation causes compensatory increase in ulnar artery blood flow, and the difference in cannula size has minimal effect on this change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2012
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186. Ultrasonography reveals a high prevalence of lower spinal dysraphism in children with urogenital anomalies.
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KOO, B.-N., HONG, J.-Y., SONG, H.-T., KIM, J. M., and KIL, H. K.
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ULTRASONIC imaging , *NEURAL tube defects , *DISEASE prevalence , *GENITOURINARY diseases , *LUMBOSACRAL region , *CONUS medullaris - Abstract
Background Lower spinal dysraphism is frequently reported in anorectal anomaly combined with urogenital anomalies. The prevalence of the spinal dysraphism has not been comprehensively studied in children with simple urogenital anomalies. We evaluated the prevalence of the spinal dysraphism using ultrasound data of the lumbosacral area in children with urogenital anomalies. Methods Lumbosacral ultrasound images of 259 children who underwent urological surgery with simple urogenital anomalies were reviewed by an ultrasound-specialized radiologist. The primary outcome measures were the conus medullaris ( CM) level and the thickness of the filum terminale. The spinal ultrasonographic findings that were assessed in children showed abnormal spinal findings compared with the other children having normal findings. Two years later, the follow-up telephone interviews were made with the parents of the children with abnormal findings. Results Eighteen children were differentiated as the abnormal finding group. They were suspected of spinal cord tethering. The level of CM was lower, and the filum terminale was thicker compared to the normal group [ L2lower (L) vs. L1L, 2.2 mm vs. 0.8 mm]. Of eighteen children, four were confirmed as tethered spinal cord with lipoma on magnetic resonance imaging by the time of surgery, and two were strongly suspected of occult spinal dysraphism ( OSD) based on ultrasound findings and follow-up interviews. Conclusions The prevalence of OSD in children under 24 months of age with simple urogenital anomaly was higher than what was reported for the general population. Ultrasound examination of spinal structures before caudal block in children with urogenital anomaly should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2012
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187. Vibrational energy flow models for out-of-plane waves in finite thin shell.
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Kwon, H., Hong, S., Park, D., Kil, H., and Song, J.
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EQUATIONS , *NUMERICAL analysis , *WAVE energy , *ENERGY density , *ENERGY storage - Abstract
In this paper, an approximate energy flow model for the out-of-plane vibration of a finite thin shell was developed. The derived energy governing equation for the model was expressed in terms of the time- and locally space-averaged far-field wave energy density which can be used as the main equation for the prediction of the out-of-plane structural vibration levels of the energy density and intensity in medium-to-high frequency ranges. The derived model can be applied to the vibration energy problems of a cylindrical shell, spherical shell and doubly-curved shell, whose radius of curvature in each direction is constant, regardless of the position, assuming that the in-plane motion is relatively small. To verify the results of the derived model, wave numbers were obtained using an energy flow analysis and classical analysis, such as the method using Donnell-Mushtari equations. For the case of various types of finite thin shell, the derived energy equations were applied. The results for the spatial distributions and levels of the energy density and intensity were compared with classical displacement solutions, according to the changes in the frequency and internal loss factor of the shell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2012
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188. Effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine on low-dose bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia in elderly patients.
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HONG, J-Y., KIM, W. O., YOON, Y., CHOI, Y., KIM, S-H., and KIL, H. K.
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ANESTHESIA , *PROSTATE , *BRADYCARDIA , *OLDER patients , *PAIN - Abstract
Background Dexmedetomidine (DMT) has been shown to prolong spinal anaesthesia. We evaluated the effects of intravenous DMT on low-dose bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia in elderly patients. Methods Fifty-one elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate were randomized into two groups receiving either 1.0 μg/kg DMT ( DMT group, n = 26) or normal saline (control group n = 25) intravenously prior to spinal anaesthesia with 1.2 ml of bupivacaine, 5 mg/ml. Results The mean time to two-segment regression (39 min vs. 78 min for cold, 41 min vs. 61 min for pinprick) and that to motor regression (23 min vs. 46 min) were longer in the DMT group than in the control group. The atropine-requiring bradycardia was more frequent in the DMT group than in the control group (24.0% vs. 3.8%). The median sedation scores (ranges) during surgery were 4 (2-6) in the DMT group and 2 (1-3) in the control group ( P < 0.001). Two patients in the DMT group showed oxygen desaturation (peripheral oxygen saturation < 90%) during surgery. The duration of post-operative care unit stay was longer in the DMT group than in the control group (58 min vs. 96 min). Post-operative pain intensity was lower and the mean time to first request for post-operative analgesia was longer in the DMT group compared to the control group (6.6 h vs. 2.1 h). Conclusion Intravenous DMT prolonged the duration of spinal anaesthesia and improved post-operative analgesia. However, more profound sedation with desaturation was observed with more frequent bradycardia, and delayed recovery should be considered in elderly patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2012
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189. Optimal dose of propofol for intubation after sevoflurane inhalation without neuromuscular blocking agent in children.
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Jo, Y. Y., Jun, N. H., Kim, E. J., Choi, E. K., and Kil, H. K.
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PROPOFOL , *NEUROMUSCULAR diseases in children , *INHALATION anesthesia , *UROLOGICAL surgery , *DISEASES , *PEDIATRIC surgery , *INTUBATION - Abstract
This study was designed to determine the optimal dose of propofol for excellent intubating conditions in children without neuromuscular blockade at various alveolar concentrations of sevoflurane. Sixty-three children, aged 0.5-5 years, were randomized to three groups of end-tidal sevoflurane concentration (ET) 3%, 3.5%, and 4%. Inhalation anesthesia was started with sevoflurane 7% in 100% oxygen. When the patients became unconscious, inspired concentration was adjusted to obtain the target ET for each group. When ET reached the target concentration, a predetermined dose of propofol was given and tracheal intubation was performed. The proper dose of propofol was determined using the 'up-and-down' method. The median dose (95% confidence intervals) of propofol for excellent tracheal intubating conditions in 50% of children were 1.25 mg/kg (0.84-1.75) at ET of 3%, 0.76 mg/kg (0.35-1.21) at 3.5%, and 0.47 mg/kg (0.26-1.09) at 4%. The frequency of adverse effects was not different between groups during induction and recovery. Propofol 1.5-2 mg/kg provides excellent intubating conditions at 3-4% ET in children without using any neuromuscular blocking agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2011
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190. Epidural ropivacaine and sufentanil and the perioperative stress response after a radical retropubic prostatectomy.
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Hong, J.-Y., Yang, S. C., Yi, J., and Kil, H. K.
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EPIDURAL anesthesia , *EPIDURAL catheters , *SUFENTANIL , *RETROPUBIC prostatectomy , *PROLACTIN , *NORADRENALINE - Abstract
The effects of an epidural opioid and a local anesthetic on the perioperative stress responses have not been fully investigated in elderly patients undergoing cancer surgery. We hypothesized that the stress response after a radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) would be attenuated by epidural ropivacaine and sufentanil. In this randomized, double-blinded study, we included patients above 65 years of age who were scheduled for a RRP. In addition to general anesthesia, they received either epidural saline continuously (5 ml/h) (C group, n=20); 0.3% ropivacaine (R group, n=20); or 0.3% ropivacaine combined with 1 μg/ml sufentanil (RS group; n=20). We determined the concentrations of glucose, insulin, cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and prolactin before, during, and up to 48 h after surgery. The concentrations of glucose and insulin increased in all the groups. The cortisol level increased in the C group while it decreased significantly in the RS group. Epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations increased significantly after surgery in the C group, but not in the R and RS groups. The prolactin concentration increased in all the groups, and was higher in the RS group than in the other groups ( P=0.002). Post-operative pain scores and analgesic requirement were lower in the R and RS groups. Epidural ropivacaine blunted the perioperative stress responses in elderly patients undergoing a RRP. The combination of epidural ropivacaine and sufentanil was associated with the most pronounced attenuation of the stress response. ClinicalTrial.gov registration number: NCT01086956. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2011
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191. Ketorolac or fentanyl continuous infusion for post-operative analgesia in children undergoing ureteroneocystostomy.
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Jo, Y. Y., Hong, J. Y., Choi, E. K., and Kil, H. K.
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PEDIATRIC surgery , *DISEASES , *SURGICAL complications , *PAIN in children , *ANALGESIA , *SURGICAL site , *SPASMS , *KETOROLAC , *FENTANYL , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Children undergoing ureteroneocystostomy suffer from post-operative pain due to the surgical incision and bladder spasm. A single-shot caudal block is a common technique for paediatric analgesia, but a disadvantage is the limitation of a short duration in spite of the additives co-administered. A few clinical trials have shown that ketorolac provides an effective post-operative analgesia and reduces the bladder spasms after ureteral implantation in children. We compared the efficacy of a continuous infusion of ketorolac and fentanyl in post-operative analgesia and bladder spasm in children who underwent ureteroneocystostomy. Fifty-two children were allocated to the ketorolac group (Group K, n=26) and fentanyl group (Group F, n=26). After general anaesthesia, a caudal block was performed with 1.5 ml/kg of 0.15% ropivacaine. At the beginning of surgery, an infusion was started after the bolus injection of ketorolac 0.5 mg/kg or fentanyl 1 μg/kg. An infusion device was programmed to deliver ketorolac 83.3 μg/kg/h or fentanyl 0.17 μg/kg/h for 48 h. Two of Group F and three of Group K were excluded from the study. Post-operative pain scores were similar between the two groups. One of Group K (4%) and seven of Group F (30.4%) experienced bladder spasms. The rescue analgesic requirements were significantly less in Group K. A Continuous infusion of ketorolac provided effective analgesia after operation in children who underwent ureteroneocystostomy as well as a low dosage of fentanyl. Ketorolac was more effective in reducing the frequency of bladder spasms and rescue analgesic requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2011
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192. Incidence of venous gas embolism during robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is lower than that during radical retropubic prostatectomy.
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Hong JY, Kim JY, Choi YD, Rha KH, Yoon SJ, Kil HK, Hong, J Y, Kim, J Y, Choi, Y D, Rha, K H, Yoon, S J, and Kil, H K
- Abstract
Background: Robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP) is gaining popularity as a less traumatic and minimally invasive alternative to open radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and grade of venous gas embolism (VGE) during RALRP compared with those during RRP using transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE).Methods: Fifty-two patients undergoing RRP (n=26) or RALRP (n=26) were consecutively enrolled. TOE was continuously applied during surgery and VGE was graded by an independent researcher.Results: The total incidence of VGE (proportion, 95% CI) in the RRP group was higher than that in the RALRP group [20/25 (0.80, 0.60-0.92) and 10/26 (0.38, 0.22-0.58), respectively]. Most VGE in the RALRP group occurred during the transection of the deep dorsal venous complex. There was no difference in the incidence of severe VGE between the two groups. No patients with cardiorespiratory instabilities even with severe VGE were observed in this study.Conclusions: In contrast to general belief, VGE occurred less frequently during RALRP. Although the VGE in this study did not cause any cardiorespiratory instability, close monitoring for possibly fatal VGE must be considered during both types of radical prostatectomy because those who undergo radical prostatectomy frequently have cardiopulmonary co-morbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2010
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193. Effect of dexamethasone in combination with caudal analgesia on postoperative pain control in day-case paediatric orchiopexy.
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Hong, J.-Y., Han, S. W., Kim, W. O., Kim, E. J., and Kil, H. K.
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ANESTHESIA , *ANALGESIA , *DEXAMETHASONE , *SURGERY , *CHILDREN'S health - Abstract
Background: Dexamethasone has a powerful anti-inflammatory action and has demonstrated reduced morbidity after surgery. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a single i.v. dose of dexamethasone in combination with caudal block on postoperative analgesia in children. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] more...
- Published
- 2010
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194. The relative position of ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves in different age groups of pediatric patients.
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HONG, J.-Y., KIM, W. O., KOO, B. N., KIM, Y. A., JO, Y. Y., and KIL, H. K.
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PEDIATRICS , *NERVOUS system , *BIOLOGICAL membranes , *ABDOMEN , *MEDICAL imaging systems - Abstract
Background: Ilioinguinal nerve (IIN) and iliohypogastric nerve (IHN) blocks provide good perioperative pain relief for children undergoing inguinal procedures such as inguinal hernia repair, orchiopexy, and hydrocelectomy. The aim of this ultrasound imaging study is to compare the relative anatomical positions of IIN and IHN in different age groups of pediatrics. Methods: Two-hundred children (aged 1–82 months, ASA I or II) undergoing day-case surgery were consecutively included in this study. Following the induction of general anesthesia, an ultrasonographic exam was performed using a high-frequency linear probe that was placed on an imaginary line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the umbilicus. Results: There were significant differences in ASIS–IIN (distance from ASIS to IIN), ASIS–IHN (distance from the ASIS to the IHN), and IIN–IHN (distance between IIN and IHN) between the age groups: <12 months ( n=84), 12–36 months ( n=80), and >37 months ( n=36). However, IIN–Peritoneum (distances from IIN to peritoneum), skin–IIN, and skin–IHN (depth of IIN and IHN relative to skin) were similar in three groups. ASIS–IIN and ASIS–IHN showed significantly positive correlations with age. Conclusions: Age should be considered when placing a needle in landmark techniques for pediatric II/IH nerve blocks. However, needle depth should be confirmed by the fascial click due to the lack of predictable physiologic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2010
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195. Titrated propofol induction vs. continuous infusion in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging.
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CHO, J. E., KIM, W. O., CHANG, D. J., CHOI, E. M., OH, S. Y., and KIL, H. K.
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PROPOFOL , *INTRAVENOUS anesthetics , *PEDIATRICS , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *DRUG dosage - Abstract
Background: Propofol is the popular intravenous (i.v.) anaesthetic for paediatric sedation because of its rapid onset and recovery. We compared the efficacy and safety of a single dose and conventional infusion of propofol for sedation in children who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: This was a double-blind, randomized-controlled study. One hundred and sixty children were assigned to group I (single dose) or II (infusion). Sedation was induced with i.v. propofol 2 mg/kg, and supplemental doses of propofol 0.5 mg/kg were administered until adequate sedation was achieved. After the induction of sedation, we treated patients with a continuous infusion of normal saline at a rate of 0.3 ml/kg/h in group I and the same volume of propofol in group II. In case of inadequate sedation, additional propofol 0.5 mg/kg was administered and the infusion rate was increased by 0.05 ml/kg/h. Induction time, sedation time, recovery time, additional sedation and adverse events were recorded. Results: Recovery time was significantly shorter in group I compared with group II [0 (0–3) vs. 1 (0–3), respectively, P<0.001]. Group I (single dose) had significantly more patients with recovery time 0 compared with group II (infusion) (65/80 vs. 36/80, respectively, P<0.001). Induction and sedation times were not significantly different between groups. There was no significant difference in the frequency of additional sedation and adverse events between groups. Conclusion: A single dose of propofol without a continuous infusion can provide appropriate sedation in children undergoing MRI for <30 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2010
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196. Comparison of intrathecal fentanyl and sufentanil in low-dose dilute bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia for transurethral prostatectomy.
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Kim, S. Y., Cho, J. E., Hong, J. Y., Koo, B. N., Kim, J. M., and Kil, H. K.
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ANESTHETICS , *ANALGESICS , *CARDIOPULMONARY bypass , *ANESTHESIA , *OPIOIDS - Abstract
Background: The administration of low-dose bupivacaine can limit the distribution of spinal block to reduce adverse haemodynamic effects. Intrathecal opioids can enhance analgesia in combination with subtherapeutic doses of local anaesthetics. We aimed at comparing the efficacy of intrathecal fentanyl and sufentanil with low-dose diluted bupivacaine for transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) in elderly patients. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] more...
- Published
- 2009
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197. The effect of flexion on the level of termination of the dural sac in paediatric patients.
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Koo, B.-N., Hong, J.-Y., Kim, J. E., and Kil, H. K.
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ARTHROCENTESIS , *ANESTHESIA , *DIAGNOSTIC imaging , *OPERATIVE surgery , *ANATOMY - Abstract
Although the anatomy of the spinal cord and its associated structures have been well defined, the effects of body position relevant to neuraxial blockade have not been elucidated. This study was designed to determine the effect of body position on the end of the dural sac in children. After induction of anaesthesia, ultrasound examination was performed to evaluate the location of the dural sac end in the lateral position with a straight back and knee, and in the lateral position with the knees, legs, and neck flexed. The level of the end of the dural sac was determined in relation to the vertebrae. Our data demonstrate that the dural sac shifts significantly cephalad in the lateral flexed position used for neuraxial blockade (p < 0.001). These results suggest that the safety margin to avoid dural puncture during hiatal or S2-3 approach for caudal block can be increased in younger children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2009
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198. The addition of fentanyl to 1.5 mg/ml ropivacaine has no advantage for paediatric epidural analgesia.
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CHO, J. E., KIM, J. Y., HONG, J. Y., and KIL, H. K.
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FENTANYL , *ANALGESIA , *EPIDURAL analgesia , *OPIOIDS , *LOCAL anesthetics - Abstract
Background: Epidural opioids are frequently combined with local anaesthetics for an additive antinociceptive effect. We investigated the efficacy of epidural fentanyl to 1.25 or 1.5 mg/ml ropivacaine for post-operative epidural analgesia in children. Methods: One hundred and eight children undergoing hypospadias repair were randomized to receive 1.25 mg/ml ropivacaine (R1.25 group), 1.25 mg/ml ropivacaine with 0.2 mcg/kg/h of fentanyl (R1.25F group), 1.5 mg/ml ropivacaine (R1.5 group) or 1.5 mg/ml ropivacaine with 0.2 mcg/kg/h of fentanyl (R1.5F group) for post-operative epidural analgesia. The epidural catheter was threaded caudally through the L4-5 interspace. The face, legs, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) score was assessed at every hour and at FLACC score >4, an epidural bolus of 0.5 ml/kg of ropivacaine 1.5 mg/ml was given as the rescue analgesia. The incidence of side effects such as hypoxia, sedation, pruritus, nausea and/or vomiting was recorded. Results: The need for rescue analgesia was higher in the R1.25 group compared with that in the other three groups (all P<0.05). The incidence of side effects was higher in the R1.5F group compared with that in the R1.25 and R1.5 groups (both P=0.010). Conclusion: The addition of 0.2 mcg/kg/h fentanyl to 1.5 mg/ml ropivacaine increased the incidence of side effects without improvement of analgesia in infants and children undergoing hypospadias repair. The use of plain 1.25 mg/ml ropivacaine increased the need for rescue analgesia and this could be compensated by addition of fentanyl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
199. Caudal midazolam does not affect sevoflurane requirements and recovery in pediatric day-case hernioplasty.
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HONG, J.-Y., LEE, I. H., SHIN, S. K., PARK, E. Y., BAN, S. Y., CHO, J. E., and KIL, H. K.
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MIDAZOLAM , *HERNIA surgery , *ANESTHETICS , *ANALGESIA , *ANESTHESIA - Abstract
Background: This prospective, randomized, double-blind study aimed to determine whether caudal midazolam combined with ropivacaine affects anesthetic requirements, recovery profiles, and post-operative analgesia compared with ropivacaine alone in pediatric day-case hernioplasty. Methods: Sixty boys (2–5 years old) received caudal injections of 0.2% ropivacaine 1 ml/kg and epinephrine 1 : 200,000 with (RM group) or without (R group) 50 μg/kg of midazolam under sevoflurane anesthesia. The sevoflurane requirement was determined by adjusting to a bispectral index score=50. Results: Concentrations of end-tidal sevoflurane (ETsevo%) after induction were similar in both groups. After caudal block, ETsevo% before and after surgical stimuli did not show significant intra- or intergroup differences. Recovery characteristics, including post-operative sedations, were similar in both groups. Post-operative pain scores were significantly lower in the RM group than the R group. Conclusions: Caudal midazolam (50 μg/kg) added to 2% ropivacaine did not influence sevoflurane requirement or recovery but improved post-operative analgesia compared with ropivacaine alone in pediatric day-case hernioplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2008
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200. Epidural sufentanil provides better analgesia from 24 h after surgery compared with epidural fentanyl in children.
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CHO, J. E., KIM, J. Y., KIM, J. E., CHUN, D. H., JUN, N. H., and KIL, H. K.
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ANALGESIA , *FENTANYL , *UROLOGICAL surgery , *ANALGESICS , *SURGERY - Abstract
Background: Studies comparing epidural fentanyl and sufentanil in adults reported a similar analgesic effect with variable side effects. We hypothesized that epidural fentanyl and sufentanil will have a similar analgesic effect in children undergoing urological surgery. Methods: Sixty-four children undergoing urological surgery were randomized into two groups: fentanyl in ropivacaine (fentanyl group, n=32) and sufentanil in ropivacaine (sufentanil group, n=32). After anaesthesia, an epidural catheter was inserted at the L2–3, L3–4 or L4–5 interspace. For post-operative pain relief, a solution consisting of fentanyl 0.1 mcg/kg/ml or sufentanil 0.015 mcg/kg/ml in 1.5 mg/ml ropivacaine was infused at a rate of 2 ml/h. To assess post-operative pain, the faces pain scale and the face, legs, activity, cry, consolability score were recorded at 1, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after surgery. The incidence of adverse effects such as hypoxia, sedation, pruritus, nausea and/or vomiting was also evaluated. Results: Pain scores demonstrated no significant difference between the groups. The need for rescue analgesia during 24–72 h was higher in the fentanyl group than in the sufentanil group (6/32 vs. 0/32, P=0.012). The incidence of pruritus was higher in the sufentanil group compared with that in the fentanyl group (5/32 vs. 0/32). Conclusions: Epidural sufentanil provides better analgesia from 24 h after surgery compared with epidural fentanyl in infants and children undergoing urological surgery. The incidence of pruritus in the sufentanil group was higher than that in the fentanyl group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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