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Background Chondroblastoma commonly involves the temporal bone in the craniofacial region, but its imaging features have not been elucidated. This study aimed to describe the imaging features of temporal bone chondroblastoma with their pathologic correlation. Methods Radiopathologic correlation was performed in 5 patients with temporal bone chondroblastoma from our database and in 11 patients identified through a PubMed search. Results The cases of temporal bone chondroblastoma commonly involve the squamous part, temporal and infratemporal fossae, temporomandibular joint, and tympanic cavity, with the following features: high attenuation with calcification; heterogeneity; low signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging with enhancement; a smooth interface to the brain; and strong hypermetabolism on fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. The heterogeneous low signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging was correlated with various histopathologic components, including calcification and hemosiderin deposition. Conclusion Temporal bone chondroblastoma usually forms as an expansile, heterogeneous, hypermetabolic mass in the middle cranial fossa, frequently with low signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging, reflecting various degrees of calcification and hemosiderin deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Congenital Brown syndrome is characterized by limited elevation particularly during adduction. The pathogenesis of congenital Brown syndrome is still controversial.Case Presentation: A 6-year-old boy had been tilting his head to the left since infancy. He showed right hypertropia (RHT) of 2 prism diopters (Δ) in the primary position. He showed RHT 6Δ in right gaze, RHT 2Δ in left gaze, RHT 12Δ in right head tilt, and orthotropia in left head tilt. The right eye showed limitation of elevation and depression on adduction, and the left eye showed overdepression on adduction. MR images showed an absent right trochlear nerve with a hypoplastic ipsilateral superior oblique muscle.Conclusions: Congenital Brown syndrome may be associated with an absent trochlear nerve and hypoplastic superior oblique muscle suggesting an etiologic mechanism of congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to investigate whether fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging hyperintensity can be used as a surrogate marker for the severity of ischemic insult and predict lesion growth.Methods: Based on a prospective stroke registry database, we identified patients with ischemic stroke who were treated with endovascular treatment (EVT) within 8 hours of onset and achieved successful recanalization (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction ≥2B). FLAIR hyperintensity was measured using the signal intensity ratio (SIR), defined as the mean SIR of diffusion-restricted lesions to the corresponding areas in the contralateral hemisphere. Lesion growth was defined as the ratio of final infarct volume on follow-up FLAIR to initial infarct volume on diffusion-weighted imaging.Results: For 69 patients meeting the eligibility criteria, the median FLAIR SIR was 1.17 (interquartile range, 1.08-1.23) and the median lesion growth ratio was 1.70 (interquartile range, 1.35-2.79) (Pearson's r = -.146, P = .231). In multiple linear regression models, the FLAIR SIR was not significantly correlated with the lesion growth ratio. Interestingly, the time interval from initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to successful recanalization was independently correlated with the lesion growth ratio (β = .072, P < .001). With respect to clinical outcomes, the FLAIR SIR was not associated with either discharge modified Rankin scale score ≤2 (β = -3.41, P = .30) or symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (β = 2.75; P = .63).Conclusions: Contrary to our hypothesis, FLAIR hyperintensity on initial MRI before EVT was not associated with lesion growth in patients who were recanalized successfully with EVT. Instead, our results suggest that time interval from MRI acquisition to recanalization is an independent predictor of lesion growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) consists of abduction deficit, globe retraction and upshoots or downshoots with adduction. The abducens nerve on the affected side is absent in type 1 DRS. After bilateral medial rectus muscle recession in unilateral type 1 DRS may improve the abduction limitation, but still more than -3 limitation remains.Case Presentation: A 6-month-old boy presented with esotropia which had been noticed in early infancy. He showed limited abduction, fissure narrowing on attempted adduction and a small upshoot OS. Left abducens nerve was not identified on magnetic resonance imaging compatible with Duane retraction syndrome type 1. He showed full abduction after bilateral medial rectus recession of 6.0 mm at the age of 9 months, and remained orthotropia with full abduction OU 2 years postoperatively. He is my only patient with Duane retraction syndrome who showed full abduction after bilateral medial rectus recession.Conclusions: A patient with the type 1 Duane retraction syndrome rarely may show full abduction after bilateral medial rectus recession mimicking infantile esotropia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In patients with acute ischemic stroke, the impact of penumbral patterns on clinical outcomes after endovascular treatment (EVT) remains controversial. We aimed to establish whether penumbral patterns are associated with clinical outcome after successful recanalization with EVT while adjusting for onset to revascularization time.Materials and Methods: Using a web-based, multicenter, prospective stroke registry database, we identified patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent perfusion and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before EVT, had anterior circulation stroke, received EVT within 12 hours of symptom onset, and had successful revascularization confirmed during EVT. Based on pretreatment MRI, patients were stratified as having a favorable or nonfavorable penumbral pattern. Onset to revascularization time was dichotomized by median value. Primary outcome was functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2) at 90 days.Findings: Among 121 eligible patients from three university hospitals, 104 (86.0%) had a favorable penumbral pattern, and the median time to revascularization was 271 minutes (interquartile range, 196-371). The functionally independent patient proportion was higher in those with a favorable penumbral pattern than in those without (53.8% versus 5.9%; P <.001), but was not different between early and late revascularization groups (49.2% versus 45.0%; P = .65). The favorable penumbral pattern was associated with functional independence after adjusting confounders (odds ratio, 23.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.58-341.99; P = .02). Time to revascularization did not modify the association (P for interaction, .53).Conclusion: A favorable penumbral pattern is associated with improved functional independence in patients with endovascular revascularization, and the association was not time-dependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]