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542 results on '"Kubota, Kiyoshi"'

162. ジャガイモのマイクロ波加熱乾燥における試料形状と褐変化に関する研究

Author

Lu, Liang Tong, Kubota, Kiyoshi, and Suzuki, Kanichi

Abstract

前報(久保田ら,1990, 呂ら,1990)において,簡便なマイクロ波加熱乾燥装置の試作を行い、大きさ、形状を変えたジャガイモなどを例として、簡単な乾燥速度式の設定に関する研究を行った。その結果、温度上昇の原因で発生する褐変化がジャガイモの大きさの増加に伴なって増加し、局部的に発生した。本研究では、ジャガイモのマイクロ波加熱乾燥における試料の大きさ、形状と褐変化の関係に関する研究を行った。その結果、試料の最大長さ、厚さを減少させることによって褐変化を減少できることがわかった。, In a previous paper (KUBOTA et al., 1990, Lu et al., 1990), we have studied a convenient microwave heated drying instrument, and studied the simple drying-rate equations of potato and so on by using the some shapes of samples. And then, we observed that the browning according the temperature rises increased by increasing in size of potato samples, and the browning depended on the location. In this paper, we studied the relations among the size and shape and the browning on microwave heated drying of potato, and we could decrease the browning according the temperature rises by gradually reducing the maximum length and the thickness.

Published
1990

163. 小さな試料断片を用いたジャガイモの熱拡散率の算出に関する研究

Author

Ro, Rentsu, Kubota, Kiyoshi, and Suzuki, Kanichi

Abstract

食品を加熱、冷却処理する各種装置、プロセスを最適設計、操作計算するためには、各種食品の熱拡散率を求めておくことが必要となる。前報において、球状、平板状、直方体と円柱状ならびにゲル状食品の熱拡散率の測定に関する研究を行ってきた。前報に示したように、小さな形状の食品では、大きな試料断片を切り取ることができなく、精度が良い結果が得られていない。この原因は、熱電対の先端を小さな試料断片の中心部に精確に挿入することが困難なためである。そこで本研究では、小さな試料断片に挿入した熱電対の先端がずれることによる補正の研究をすることを目的として、熱電対の先端位置を変えて測定と計算を行った。試料には、比較的に安定した均質のものが得られ、年中入手ができるジャガイモを用いた。ジャガイモの熱拡散率は、温度10～60℃において、(0.01728t+6.867)×10-2cm2/min(ここで、tは温度[℃])となった。これは、前報で温度の影響が求められなくて得られた平均値0.0840cm2/minよりも精度が良い結果である。その理由は、熱電対の先端を薄い平板状試料の中心に挿入できないが、真の先端位置の推定を、誤差が最小になる位置と仮定することによって求めることができたためである。, In order to obtain the optimum design and operating conditions in the various equipments and process, it is necessary to determine the thermal diffusivity of the food materials. In previous papers, we have studied the thermal diffusivity of spherical root vegetables, potato slabs, rectangular and cylindrical potatoes, and egg yolk and white gels. As for small shape food materials, we can not cut them into large shape specimens, as shown in the from first to third papers, therefore, the results in the these papers are very scattered. The reason in that of a thermocouple into the center of the small samples. Now, in the present paper, we took up the study of the thermal diffusivity of small shape samples under various top point conditions. For this we used potato samples that had uniform tissue and physical properties for the wide portions. The values of thermal diffusivity of potatoes are considered (0.01728t+6.867) x10-2 [cm2/min] (where, t is temperature [°C]) at temperature range between 10 and 60°C. These results are better than the average value of 0.0840 cm2/min that we obtained in the previous paper. The reason for this improvement is that the top point of the thermocouple can not be incert into the center of the small shape samples, but we can obtain the top point position by assuming the true position must have a minimum standard deviation for the calculation results under the various assumed top point positions.

Published
1990

189. Metabolic predictors of ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular attack in elderly diabetic individuals: difference in risk by age.

Author

Hayashi, Toshio, Araki, Atsushi, Kawashima, Seinosuke, Sone, Hirohito, Watanabe, Hiroshi, Ohrui, Takashi, Yokote, Koutaro, Takemoto, Minoru, Kubota, Kiyoshi, Noda, Mitsuhiko, Noto, Hiroshi, Ina, Koichiro, and Nomura, Hideki

Subjects
HEART diseases, DIABETES, CHOLESTEROL, BLOOD lipoproteins, LOW-cholesterol diet, COHORT analysis
Abstract

Background: High LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and glucose levels are risk factors for ischemic heart disease (IHD) in middle-aged diabetic individuals; however, the risk among the elderly, especially the very elderly, is not well known. The aim of this study was to identify factors that predict IHD and cerebrovascular attack (CVA) in the elderly and to investigate their differences by age. Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study (Japan Cholesterol and Diabetes Mellitus Study) with 5.5 years of follow-up. A total of 4,014 patients with type 2 diabetes and without previous IHD or CVA (1,936 women; age 67.4 ± 9.5 years, median 70 years; <65 years old, n = 1,261; 65 to 74 years old, n = 1,731; and = 75 years old, n = 1,016) were recruited on a consecutive outpatient basis from 40 hospitals throughout Japan. Lipids, glucose, and other factors related to IHD or CVA risk, such as blood pressure (BP), were investigated using the multivariate Cox hazard model. Results: One hundred fifty-three cases of IHD and 104 CVAs (7.8 and 5.7/1,000 people per year, respectively) occurred over 5.5 years. Lower HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and female gender were correlated with IHD in patients =75 years old (hazard ratio (HR):0.629, P < 0.01 and 1.132, P < 0.05, respectively). In contrast, systolic BP (SBP), HbA1C, LDL-C and non-HDL-C were correlated with IHD in subjects <65 years old (P < 0.05), and the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was correlated with IHD in all subjects. HDL-C was correlated with CVA in patients =75 years old (HR: 0.536, P < 0.01). Kaplan-Meier estimator curves showed that IHD occurred more frequently in patients <65 years old in the highest quartile of the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. In patients =75 years old, IHD and CVA were both the most frequent among those with the lowest HDL-C levels. Conclusions: IHD and CVA in late elderly diabetic patients were predicted by HDL-C. LDL-C, HbA1C, SBP and non-HDL-C are risk factors for IHD in the non-elderly. The LDL-C/HDL-C ratio may represent the effects of both LDL-C and HDL-C. These age-dependent differences in risk are important for developing individualized strategies to prevent atherosclerotic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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