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Purpose of this research is to find correlations between Indonesian Traditional 'Wayang Kulit' Puppet shapes and their roles in the story. However, the information needed to achieve this purpose is not digitally archived yet. Consequently the research to find the way of archiving the regarding information needs to be carried out. The methodology proposed here is using the 3D model to recognize the shapes of each part of Wayang hence the classification can be done. However the overlapping lines and patterns between each shape are found to be obstacles. To solve this problem, the same way of thinking in understanding the perspective impression for traditional art/painting from another research report is applied here. The comparison of analysis result is done not as a whole part of Wayang but between each different part of the Wayang to find the correlations with their roles in the story. Further research will be carried out to expand the possibility of creating new designs of Wayang.

Nucleophilic reactivity and solvation patterns for succinimidide and phthalimidide ions have been characterized through three procedures, kinetic and enthalpy of solution measurements in aceto-nitrile-methanol mixtures, and enthalpy of reaction measurements in acetonitrile. Quantitative analysis indicates that activation enthalpy vs. activation entropy correlation is more sensitive and versatile than activation enthalpy vs. reaction ethalpy correlation as the method for detecting the effects of various molecular interactions on rates of reaction. Any essential difference in nucleophilic reactivities and in solvation patterns was not observed between imidide and carboxylate ions, but a significant difference is found on the pKa values in the aqueous phase and on the enthalpy of reaction with ethyl iodide in acetonitrile.

In this study, we measured attention levels to identify points of high player interest in linear single player FPS games. Our results suggest that further analysis of these points could lead to a better understanding of player interest and how to design interesting encounters in games.

H‐15 (HT‐29‐15) is an IgG1 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) to a cell surface antigen (molecular mass, 200,000 daltons) present on virtually all colorectal cancers and also in normal pancreatic ducts and bile ducts, but not in other normal tissues. The biological distribution and imaging characteristics of iodine‐131 (l31I)‐labeled mAb H‐15 were studied in 5 primary colorectal cancer patients and 9 patients with local recurrence of colorectal cancer. H‐15 mAb labeled with 0.5‐10 mCi of 131I was administered 7 to 8 days before surgery at 4 dose levels, ranging from 0.2 to 6 nig. Selective mAb H‐15 localization to tumor tissues was demonstrated in 6 of 12 patients with antigen‐positive tumors: in two patients, recurrent tumors were negative to H‐15 mAb, although the primary tumors were positive. In six patients with positive radioimaging, tumor:normal tissue ratios ranged from 2.05 to 5.35 and tumor:serum ratios from 1,18 to 2.73. The clarity of images seems to correlate well with the latter ratios. Technetium‐99 (99mTc)‐albumin blood pool studies in selected cases showed that local recurrence of colorectal cancers was hypovascular, emphasizing the selective localization of mAb H‐15 despite poor blood flow distribution in the tumors. The results altogether demonstrated that radioimmnnodetection with 131I mAb H‐15 is valuable for differentiating recurrent colorectal cancer from granuloma formation after surgery.

The objective oh this study is the development of a method which draw high quality pictures of line drawing with variable linewidth easiliy and quickly. It is basically important that the representation method makes it easy to understand 3-D shape pictures. This paper presents (1) a system of line drawing for high quality pictures ; (2) line drawing method with variable Linewidth ; (3) a construction of the PostRender system (Rendering system of line drawing using Post Script printer) ; (4) examples of line drawing using this system.

In recent years, a deep understanding of game development procedures has been needed in order to keep up with advancements in game technology. At the same time, game education is on the rise among American and European Universities[1][2][3][4][5]. Also, a curriculum framework has been created by the International Game Developers Association (IDGA) with positive progress shown by cooperating with the industry[6].

The purpose of this paper is to propose an effective technique for Character making. Character making is the construction of details to create the appearance and impression of a character and is the most important component of video content production. Character making deals with the creation, selection, design, exploitation and management of characters. In this paper, we show a series of digital character making techniques that can be used and supervised throughout the production process: story, setting, plot and episode development; character and content design, production and distribution; and finally even exploitation of the licensing, marketing, and distribution of auxiliary merchandise.

A 51-year-old man developed severe pancytopenia with bone marrow hypoplasia after consuming excessive amounts of alcohol for many years. After avoiding alcohol and eating normally for about 10 days, his blood cell counts promptly recovered to near-normal levels. Hematologic remission had lasted for 7 months until he began to drink alcohol excessively again, leading to a relapse of pancytopenia with marrow hypoplasia. His blood cell counts attained near-normal levels again after abstaining from alcohol for about a month. He developed thrombocytopenia following moderate ingestion of alcohol 7 months later, but he never developed severe pancytopenia after limiting alcohol ingestion. When bone marrow mononuclear cells from the patient and normal volunteers were cultured in the presence of ethanol, CFU-GM-derived colony formation of the patient was inhibited by much lower concentrations of ethanol than that of normal volunteers. The clinical course of the patient and the greater sensitivity of the patient's CFU-GM to ethanol toxicities indicate that massive intake of alcohol was responsible for bone marrow hypoplasia observed in this patient.

The great development of computers and their rconnected terminals is producing the development of image technology and also the easy operation by networks for users. Given assistance of the special fiscal 1988 and 1989 budgets in the Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Polytechnics, this project started in cooperation with the laboratories interested in the application of the image information. In order to fulfill graphic functions and image processor simultaneously by one system, which will be the most powerful research tool in the near future, IRIS 4D/50GT graphic computer and NEXUS image processor were purchased and connected with VME BUS so that a part of the multi-functional system was completed. As several analysis about the information of the three-dimensional image were conducted using the system, the abstract is reported.

This paper describes the development of high strength heavy wall seamless pipes of X80 to X100 grade for ultra-deep water application. Steel pipes with higher strength generally tend to have low fracture toughness either in pipe body or in weld joint and low weldability. Therefore, improvement of fracture toughness and weldability are particularly important with respect to development of higher strength seamless pipes. Metallurgical research in laboratory test was carried out and the effect of microstructure of quenched and tempered steel on strength and toughness was particularly investigated. As a result uniform lower bainite phase containing no or minimized coarse martensite-austenite (M-A) constituent at a quenched condition is suitable microstructure to perform high strength and high fracture toughness after tempering. The steel having such microstructure showed excellent performance even in the high strength grade of X100. Lowering a transformation temperature from austenite phase to bainite phase during quenching process is effective to obtain suitable microstructure by adding and controlling alloy elements such as Mn, Cr, Mo. In order to suppress an increase in carbon equivalent as Pcm value by addition of alloy element, lowering content of carbon is necessary. As a consequence of the low Pcm value mitigation of hardening in coarse grain heat affected zone (HAZ) and good toughness were confirmed by welding tests. A trial production of the developed steel based on a new metallurgical design mentioned above was conducted by applying inline heat treatment process in medium-size seamless mill. In conjunction with tremendously rapid cooling system of inline heat treatment facility the seamless pipes of the trial production achieve grades X80 of 40 mm wall thickness and X80 to X100 grades of 20 mm WT by changing tempering temperature. A good combination of high strength and good fracture toughness was confirmed.Copyright © 2008 by ASME

The authors administered recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) to 16 patients with advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with combination chemotherapy. Groups of three to five patients were treated with 50, 100, 200, and 400 micrograms/m2 per day of rhG-CSF by intravenous infusion for 14 days, beginning 3 days after chemotherapy. There was a strong linear relationship between the dose and the area under the curve over this dose range. The rhG-CSF was rapidly cleared from serum, with a mean half-life of 5.97 hours for the second phase (t1/2). In patients treated with a dose of more than 100 micrograms/m2 per day, the duration of neutropenia (P less than 0.01) and the duration of fever (P less than 0.05) were significantly decreased. The rhG-CSF was well tolerated and the only clinical observation that appeared relating to rhG-CSF administration was slight bone pain. This study strongly suggests that an optimum dose of rhG-CSF in patients after chemotherapy is 100 to 200 micrograms/m2. Our study shows that rhG-CSF is a clinically useful drug for patients treated with myelosuppressive chemotherapy.

We cloned the cDNA of human parainfluenza type 4A virus (PIV-4A) HN gene by reverse-transcription of virus-specific mRNAs and genomic RNA, and determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the HN gene. The predicted HN protein sequence of PIV-4A showed significant relatedness with those of other paramyxoviruses, SV5, NDV, MuV, PIV3, BPIV-3, indicating a common ancestor. The homologies between the viruses suggested that PIV-4A is more closely related to NDV, SV5, and MuV than to the parainfluenza viruses, PIV-3, bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus (BPIV-3), and Sendai virus (SV). Sixty amino acids were commonly conserved among the viruses, other than PIV-4A. Two of these amino acids were substituted in PIV-4A HN and are predicted to be located near the active site of the neuraminidase. The analysis of neuraminidase of PIV-4 revealed that the activity is hardly detectable, suggesting the significant effect of the substituted amino acid sites on neuraminidase activity.

In this paper we imtroduce a new display method to from a real time three-dimensional graphics using functions of ‘sprite’ and ‘raster interruption’ for high-speed movement and high-speed transformation respectively. The display method is a quasi-display method, which substitute basic solid figures for any solid figure and display them by sprites. It was realized by dynamic sorting for sprites. To display a complex solid figure, it is necessary to transform basic solid figures. The transformation was performed by the raster interruption and movement of each sprite.The method proposed here is found to be feasible for low-level computers e.g. a personal computer, and it is more realistic than wire-frame display methods. Moreover, those are showing the possibility of realization of the real time three-dimentional graphics.

The seasonal variation of nitrate in the upper layer in the brackish Lake Nakanoumi has been investigated by the analysis of the data collected monthly during the period of 1976-1986. Upward trends in nitrate concentration were found in the colder season (January to March), and also in the rainy season (July). In contrast to nitrate, chlorinity decreased at the same time.A significant negative correlation between nitrate concentration and chlorinity in the surface water in Lake Nakanoumi was found in January, February, March and July. In addition, from the analysis of the correlation between the increment of nitrate concentration in the surface water and cumulative rainfall, it was concluded that the accumulation of nitrate in the upper layer is mainly caused by discharge from the rivers into the lake through rainfall and melted snow.

Monthly surveys of phytoplankton occurrence were conducted from 1974 to 1986 at six stations in the brackish lake Nakanoumi. Both the numbers of phytoplankton cells and species tended to increase during the period when T-N concentration sharply increased, and decreased during the period when T-N concentration remained at the same level or gradually decreased.Among the four diversity indices for the phytoplankton community (i.e., Fatten, Shannon, Simpson and Margalef), only the Margalef index showed a highly positive correlation (coefficient > 0.7) with the yearly changes of the nutrient (T-P or T-N) concentration at some stations.

This paper describes an attempt to create educational contents of solid modeling. By using GEOMAP and NUCE - BASIC, we held an experimental course. A Program package GEOMAP (Geomaetrical Modelling and Processing) is written in FORTRAN by Prof. Hosaka and Prof. Kiura. The GEOMAP can be applied to aid the design work reasonably. NUCE-Basic is sn interactive BASIC interprotor written by a portable FORTRAN. It works sa similar as a BASIC language used on a personal computer. This education aimes to teach the folloeing; 1) how to process solid modelling by computer, 2) how to represent design process of solids, 3) how to represent animation using solid moseller. Students carried out the processing work using personal computers. Many examples which were made by students are shown in this paper. A good many students were attracted by contents of this experimental course.

The relationships between the occurrence of phytoplankton and salinity or water temperature have been investigated for 8 years from 1979 to 1986 in brackish Lake Nakanoumi. Fourteen species such as Skeletonema costatum, Prorocentrum minimum and Cyclotella nana were dominant in this lake. Five among the 14 species bloomed in conditions of water temperature less than optimal for their growth, whereas every species bloomed in optimum salinity conditions. This fact indicates that the occurrence of dominant species in the lake is more strongly controlled by salinity than water temperature.The result of comparison of weighted mean value of water temperature and salinity for the two periods of 1974-1978 and 1979-1986 also indicated the greater importance of salinity than water temperature.

The nucleotide sequence of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene of human parainfluenza type 2 virus (PIV-2) was determined. The PIV-2 HN gene was 2112 nucleotides excluding poly(A) tail. There was a single large open reading frame in the mRNA which encoded a protein of 571 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 63,262. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that there were fourteen potential glycosylation sites and a major hydrophobic region near the N-terminus, which would anchor the protein in the viral membrane. Comparisons of the HN protein sequences of PIV-2 with those of Simian virus 5 (SV5), Sendai virus (SV, parainfluenza virus type 1), human parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3), type 4 (PIV-4), bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3), mumps virus (MuV), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) showed definite amino acid sequence relatedness, indicating a common ancestor for these viruses. Furthermore, statistical analysis of the protein sequences suggested a possible evolutionary relatedness among the paramyxoviruses. This is the first time that a phylogenetic tree has been constructed for all the parainfluenza viruses and mumps virus which are infectious to humans. In addition, amino acid sequences involved in hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities of paramyxovirus were discussed.

With the increasing development of oil and gas fields in deepwater or ultra-deepwater with deep well depth, the development of high strength seamless pipe has become necessary. This paper describes a metallurgical design of seamless pipe with high strength reaching X80–X100 grade (minimum yield strength, 552 MPa–689 MPa) manufactured by steel containing very low carbon and with a microstructure of uniform bainite. The effect of microstructure of quenched and tempered (QT) steel on strength and toughness is investigated in laboratory. Uniform bainitic structure without coarse martensite-austenite constituent (M-A) is obtained by lowering bainite transformation temperature during quenching process by controlling the alloying elements. Moreover the structure is very effective in obtaining good toughness for tempered steel even with the high strength X100 grade. Sufficiently low hardness and good toughness in heat affected zone (HAZ) are confirmed by welding tests. The trial production of developed steel is conducted by applying inline QT process in medium-size seamless mill according to an alloying design obtained in laboratory tests. The seamless pipes of the trial production achieve grades X80 to X100 by changing tempering temperature. Some data of mechanical properties of the produced pipes is introduced.Copyright © 2007 by ASME

Biweekly atmospheric depositions of 137 Cs were measured in Rokkasho, Aomori, Japan from March 2000 to March 2006 to study recent 137 Cs deposition. Although the deposition level was generally lower than the detectable limit, deposition samples collected in spring occasionally had measurable levels of 137 Cs. The annual 137 Cs deposition from 2001 to 2005 was 0.04–0.69 Bq m −2 with a mean value of 0.27 Bq m −2 . Depositions of insoluble Al, Fe and Ti were strongly correlated with the 137 Cs deposition, suggesting that suspension of soil particles was the main source of the recent 137 Cs deposition. Asian dust events were coincident with some of the significant 137 Cs depositions in spring. It was found that the ratios of 137 Cs/Al and Fe/Al could be used as indices for discriminating Asian dust from suspension of the local surface soil. Backward trajectory analysis suggested southern Mongolian and northeastern China regions as sources of the significant 137 Cs depositions.

Motion blur is a well-established technique which prevents strobing by making fast moving objects appear blurred. In cel animation however, different methods are used and we present a new technique to emphasise the motion of cartoon objects through the application of geometry. We term the involved nonphotorealistic motion blur as 'cartoon blur'. In order to express cartoon blur, we have classified the expressions used in cel animation and analysed the diversity of each expression to establish parameters that allow animators to control the expression.

High strength heavy wall sour service seamless line pipe suitable for deep water applications has been developed by Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd.,. This paper describes the concept of developing these pipes applying inline heat treatment technology, equipped in a newly constructed, medium-size seamless mill. Increasing hardenability through inline heat treatment achieved higher strength (X70) for heavy wall pipe (40mm) even though carbon equivalent was lower than in a conventional Q&T process. Good toughness was obtained by the control of microalloying elements such as titanium or sulfur. The produced pipe passed the hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) test conducted according to NACE TM 0284 solution A. Controlling the microstructure and suppressing maximum hardness, utilizing the uniform quenching facility during inline heat treatment, contributed to the test result. Satisfactory data on weldability for practical use were also obtained.Copyright © 2004 by ASME

Surfaces can be generated easily by subdividing polyhedral networks recursively, but over simple or rough polyhedral network, it is difficult to get the surfaces which designers want to model. To solve this problem, complex or precise polyhedral networks have to be defined. In this paper, a set of rules and an automatic adaptive algorithm for making fillet operations with Loop subdivision are presented. The fillet operations are implemented by subdividing a polyhedral network one step with the given sharpness of edges of the polyhedral network. Generally, the number of edges that meet at one vertex is no restriction and the sharpness of every edge can be different. The fillet operations proposed here will strengthen the functions of Computer Graphics system which use subdivision surfaces to model surfaces.

An image database was projected in 1991 at a research organization of the Saitama local government to collect textile pictures, and to assist designers. A method of classification is needed for the purpose of some retrieval keys. A complexity scale is a real value representing the human impression against a picture ranging from -3 to +3. The value plays only a retrieval key to find out some desired pictures from the database according to the user's association about a design. This report explains how to decide the complexity scale through questionnaire methodology to computer application. >

The paper introduces a new method to deal with sketches for inputting geometric models at a workstation. The sketches are drawn on a CRT screen through a stylus pencil and a tablet by a designer at an early stage in the design procedure. The designer can keep the drawing stylus at a workstation as the same manner as using a pen on paper. The system 'Sketch Interpreter' can correct geometric models in a computer even though input sketches are geometrically distorted. This system can create 3D geometric models in a computer even though input data of 2D sketches are drawn by freehand. The system is constructed in terms of three characteristic procedures on a workstation with a pointing device; (1) to recognize hand sketches on the screen. Freehand lines are drawn by pen operations from which a computer can construct a 3D geometric model. The first operation computes mathematical parameters for the projective transformation; (2) to construct additional geometric models by inputting more sketches drawn perspectively; and (3) to redraw modified geometric models replacing the sketch lines. The interactive methods are suitable for realistically constructing any geometric shapes that a designer imagines. Created data are transferred to an advanced 3D-CAD system. The system is applied as a front-end processor of design practice in fields such as office equipment.

Recursively subdividing polyhedral networks, often called polyhedral subdivision, has become one of the basic tools in Computer Aided Geometric Design(CAGD) for modeling complex surfaces. In this paper, we propose a set of rules for making fillet operations on polyhedral networks. The fillet operations are implemented by subdividing a polyhedral network one step with given fillet values of edges of the polyhedral network. After fillet operations, we tried two basic recursive subdivision methods Doo-Sabin and Catmull-Clark to generate surfaces. Generally, the number of edges that meet at one vertex is no restriction and the fillet values of every edge can be different. The fillet operations proposed here will strengthen the functions of Computer Graphics systems which use subdivision surfaces to model surfaces.

This paper presents a new method to deal with idea sketches for inputting geometric models at a workstation. The idea sketches are drawn on a CRT screen with a stulus pen and a tablet by designers at an initial stage of design procedures. They can keep their drawing styles at a workstation as the same manner as using a pen on paper. The system 'Sketch Interpreter1 can create correct geometric models in a computer even though input idea sketches are incorrect perspectively. Data created are transferred to an advanced 3D-CAD system. The system is applied as a front-end processer for a design practice.

A computer assisted painting apparatus was developed by Kaneko(1991) for generating ‘eels’ for a motion picture. The term ‘cel’ here is a word taken from a celluloid sheet which is traditionally used in animation film. In the above system, however, a cel does not mean a physical sheet but a digitalized static frame in the moving picture. In order to activate the system, computer animation technology has been demanded among well experienced animators to assist skilled painters to save their repetitive works about a moving object.

The growth properties of 24 clinical isolates of PIV-2 obtained from six independent areas in Japan were examined using Vero and primary monkey kidney cells. These viruses could be subdivided into three groups on the basis of the ability of syncytium formation on the two primate cell systems. The distinct correlation between the F protein cleavability and the fusogenic effect was observed in Vero cells, and the importance of consecutive basic residues in the F protein cleavage site for efficient cleavage was suggested by the sequence analyses of their F genes. On the other hand, in PMK cells, their fusogenic activities could not be directly attributed to the F cieavability, fusion peptide sequence, and replication efficiency, indicating that unidentified structural features play an important role in cytopathic activities of naturally occurring PIV-2s.

The complete nucleotide sequences of the matrix protein (M) genes of parainfluenza virus types 4A and 4B (PIV-4A and -4B) were determined from cDNA of the mRNA, and found to be 1548 bases in length, exclusive of poly(A) sequences. The sequences contained a large open reading frame of 1146 nucleotides encoding 362 amino acids. A high degree of identity (96.1%) was observed between the amino acid sequences of PIV-4A and PIV-4B M. These M sequences were compared with those of 10 other paramyxoviruses and a phylogenetic tree was constructed.

We cloned and determined the nucleotide sequences of cDNAs against genomic RNA encoding the L protein of human parainfluenza type 2 virus (PIV-2). The L gene is 6904 nucleotides long including the intergenic region at the HN-L junction and putative negative strand leader RNA, almost all of which is complementary to the positive strand leader RNA of PIV-2. The deduced L protein contains 2262 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 256,366. The L protein of PIV-2 shows 39.9, 28.9, 27.8 and 28.3% homologies with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Sendai virus (SV), parainfluenza type 3 virus (PIV-3) and measles virus (MV), respectively. Although sequence data on other components of transcriptive complex, NP and P, suggested a closer relationship between PIV-2 and MV, as concerns the L protein, MV is closely related to another group as SV and PIV-3. From analysis of the alignment of the five l proteins, six blocks composed of conserved amino acids were found in the L proteins. The L protein of PIV-2 was detected in purified virions and virus-infected cells using antiserum directed against an oligopeptide corresponding to the amino terminal region. Primer extension analyses showed that the intergenic regions at the NP-P, P-M, M-F, F-HN and HN-L junctions are 4, 45, 28, 8 and 42 nucleotides long, respectively, indicating that the intergenic regions exhibit no conservation of length and sequence. Furthermore, the starting and ending sequences of paramyxoviruses were summarized.

We cloned and determined the nucleotide sequences of cDNAs against nucleocapsid protein (NP) mRNA and the genomic RNA of human parainfluenza type 2 virus (PIV-2). The 3′ terminal region of genomic RNA was compared among PIV-2, mumps virus (MuV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), measles virus (MV), PIV-3, bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus (BPIV-3), Sendai virus (SV), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and an extensive sequence homology was observed between PIV-2 and MuV. Although no significant sequence relatedness was observed between PIV-2 and other viruses, the terminal four nucleotides were identical in the viruses compared, implying a specific role of these nucleotides on the replication of paramyxoviruses. A primer extension analysis elucidated the major NP mRNA initiation site with the sequence UCUAAGCC, which showed a moderate homology with the gene-starting consensus sequences of other paramyxoviruses. On the other hand, the NP mRNA was terminated at the nucleotide stretch AAAUUCUUUUU, and this sequence was conserved in all the PIV-2 genes, indicating that the oligonucleotides will form a part of the gene attenuation signal of PIV-2. Comparisons of NP protein sequence indicated a possible subgrouping of the paramyxoviruses into two groups, one of which is a group including PIV-2, PIV-4, MuV, and NDV, and another is a group including PIV-3, BPIV-3, and SV. This result supports an idea from our previous studies using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, our data indicated that the PIV-2 NP protein sequence was more closely related to MV and CDV than to other parainfluenza viruses, PIV-3 and SV.