1,504 results on '"Labour markets"'
Search Results
152. Monopsony
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Manning, Alan and Macmillan Publishers Ltd
- Published
- 2018
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153. Monopsonistic Discrimination and the Gender Wage Gap
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Barth, Erling and Macmillan Publishers Ltd
- Published
- 2018
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154. Matching and Market Design
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Niederle, Muriel, Roth, Alvin E., Sönmez, Tayfun, and Macmillan Publishers Ltd
- Published
- 2018
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155. Labour Markets
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Tarling, R. and Macmillan Publishers Ltd
- Published
- 2018
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156. The political economy of everyday precarity : segmentation, fragmentation and transnational migrant labour in Californian agriculture
- Author
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Mieres, Fabiola, Wilkinson, Rorden, and Barrientos, Stephanie
- Subjects
331.12 ,Labour Markets ,Migration ,International Political Economy ,Precarity ,Labour Contractors - Abstract
This thesis examines the qualitative transformation taking place within the processes of transnationalisation of labour markets that drive a substantive increase in the segmentation and fragmentation of migrant labour. The thesis argues that by either focusing on the agential elements or strictly structural constraints, conventional perspectives on the role of intermediaries in processes of international migration lack a comprehensive transnational theorisation of labour markets. A focus on the transnationalisation of labour markets through the role of cross-border farm labour contractors aims to address these limitations by analysing the complex nature of processes of transnationalisation in the provision of migrant labour in Californian agriculture. A transnational labour market approach is developed to show how three regimes of segmentation-fragmentation operate at the Federal (nation-state) and state (regional) levels and also at a local level through the actions of farm labour contractors in the organisation of movement and workplace practices along formal and informal lines. The core argument of this thesis is that the tensions between fragmentation and segmentation within the process of transnationalisation of labour markets between Mexico and the United States conflate in everyday precarity for migrant workers. Everyday precarity involves not only the conditions under which migrant workers perform their activities in the workplace, but also extends beyond to include aspects of their everyday lives in a transnational fashion. Farm labour contractors play an important role in organising and coordinating flexibility in fragmented agricultural labour markets. Through their position at the heart of the tensions of the interplay between the three regimes, farm labour contractors gain power over the labour process, thereby contributing to further fragmentation. This power is linked to the migration and protection policies established by nation-states at the first regime of segmentation-fragmentation, and is also shaped by the regional (Californian) labour legislation at the second regime of segmentation-fragmentation. The thesis concludes that a transnational theorisation of labour markets, which places intermediaries such as farm labour contractors within the tensions of processes of transnationalisation that account for not only segmentation but also fragmentation, is required to fully understand everyday precarity beyond national boundaries. Therefore, farm labour contractors are key channels of transnationalisation by contributing to further fragmentation at the local level in already highly segmented labour markets.
- Published
- 2014
157. Essays in labour economics : Thailand's labour market adjustment during the structural transformation process
- Author
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Jirasavetakul, La-Bhus, Teal, Francis, and Bhattacharya, Debopam
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331.1209593 ,Economics ,Development economics ,Innovation,productivity and growth ,Labour economics ,Education ,human capital ,structural transformation ,inequality ,labour markets ,Thailand - Abstract
I examine the importance of human capital for economic development in Thailand during the period of high economic growth and structural transformation (1985-2000), using labour force survey data. The three main chapters attempt to estimate the effects of education, as a measure of human capital, on three major outcomes in the Thai labour market, namely (i) earnings; (ii) sector of employment; and (iii) earnings inequality. I address the endogeneity problem of education using an education policy shift—the change in the compulsory schooling law—that produces exogenous variation in education. The three main chapters adopt distinct modelling frameworks. The details of each of the main chapters are as follows. The third chapter investigates how education increases earnings and the probability of being in the non-agricultural sector. As the education policy shift influences educational attainment in a discontinuous way, a regression discontinuity (RD) framework is adopted to identify the average returns to education and the effect of education on the sector of employment. It is important to emphasise that the RD technique constrains the effects of education on the two outcomes to be linear and to be applicable only to sub-populations. My results confirm significant effects of education on both earnings and the sectoral sorting process. In addition, there are heterogeneous effects of education by gender. The fourth chapter is an extension of the previous chapter. I allow the returns to education to be heterogeneous across education levels and sectors of employment, while attempting to estimate the returns for the entire population. I use a control function (CF) approach and a double selection correction to estimate the sectoral earnings process, while jointly accounting for the choice of education and the selection into sectors and paid employment. I find that the returns to education are non-linear and higher in the non-agricultural sector especially for medium and highly educated workers. This suggests that human capital plays a crucial role in facilitating a structural transformation towards the non-agricultural sector. In the final chapter, I study how the increased primary education completion rate affects earnings inequality. While there exists a burgeoning literature on the average returns to education, less attention has been devoted to estimating the effects of education on the distribution of earnings. I identify the effects of primary education completion on earnings at different points of the distribution, and thus earnings inequality, using a recently developed approach, called regression discontinuity distributional treatment effects. My results suggest that the increased primary education completion rate reduces earnings inequality as the returns to primary education are larger for the poor than the rich.
- Published
- 2014
158. Collaborative innovation and activation in urban labour markets.
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Lindsay, Colin, Pearson, Sarah, Batty, Elaine, Cullen, Anne Marie, and Eadson, Will
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LABOR market , *SELF-efficacy , *WELFARE state , *CITIES & towns , *MUNICIPAL services , *SERVICE design , *SINGLE parents , *SINGLE-parent families - Abstract
Policymakers in the UK, having long supported centralised and marketised models of governance and delivery in the field of labour market activation, have recently begun to acknowledge the benefits of more localised, collaborative approaches to organising public services. Evidence from other European welfare states suggests that the case in favour of localised innovation may be particularly compelling in urban labour markets, where there can be pockets of severe disadvantage, but also networks of community stakeholders better able to support collaboration and innovation through user engagement. Drawing on the conceptual and empirical literature on 'collaborative innovation', this article discusses an example of good practice in innovative localised activation in city labour markets ('Making It Work' services targeting unemployed single parents in Scotland's two largest cities). Our analysis is based on 92 in-depth interviews with single parents and key stakeholders involved in service design and delivery. We identify benefits associated with multi-stakeholder collaborative governance, distributive leadership in programme management, and practices promoting the co-production of innovative services with single parents at the frontline. However, we also note tensions between localised services committed to innovation and empowerment, and an increasingly less interventionist but more punitive liberal welfare state. We conclude by identifying potential lessons for the governance, management and delivery of activation services in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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159. A panel data analysis of FDI and informal labour markets.
- Author
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Baez‐Morales, Antonio
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PANEL analysis ,FOREIGN investments ,DATA analysis ,DEVELOPING countries ,ECONOMETRIC models ,LABOR market ,UNEMPLOYMENT - Abstract
The objective of this paper is to examine whether informal labour markets affect the stock of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and also whether this effect is similar in developed and developing countries. Panel econometric models are estimated for a sample of 65 countries over a 10‐year period (1999–2007). While the results show that informal labour markets are significant and do positively affect FDI, they do so more for developing countries than developed countries and are robust to several checks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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160. The surprising reduction of inequality during a commodity boom: what do we learn from Latin America?
- Author
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Sánchez-Ancochea, Diego
- Subjects
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INCOME inequality , *LABOR market , *EQUALITY - Abstract
Past experience and economic theory lead us to expect a positive relationship between income inequality and commodity booms. Yet Latin America's recent improvement in income distribution coincided with a rapid growth in commodity exports. How was this positive outcome possible? This paper answers this question using a combination of primary and secondary sources. It highlights the role of (re)distributive policies that enlarged the impact of labour market outcomes. The paper concludes that political pressures forced governments to manage the commodity boom better than in the past but did not lead to significant transformations in the region's elite-driven development model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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161. Goodbye labouring man, long live homo economicus: the new precarity in the world of work.
- Author
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Özkiziltan, Didem
- Subjects
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ECONOMIC man , *PRECARITY , *SOCIAL cohesion , *MARKET value , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors - Abstract
This article investigates distinctiveness of work-related precarity in neoliberal orders by pursuing two main arguments. First, precarity prevailed in pre-welfare state capitalist and current era display marked similarities regarding political ideas and workers' experiences. Second, neoliberal precarity manifests its distinctiveness in the human factor and the socioeconomic circumstances surrounding it. That is, in the previous era of precarity, the labouring men who is in pursuit of social protection and solidarity refused to refashion themselves as homo economicus, thanks to a protective socioeconomic environment where countermovements against the unfolding realities of free-market gathered momentum. In the neoliberal era, incorporation of market values in everyday lives, digital automation and reorganization of the work facilitated the transformation of labouring men into homo economicus, who can function without seeking solidarity and social protection. Thus, neoliberal precarity renders it highly uncertain whether it is possible to re-embed the markets into society in a foreseeable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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162. Who should we get? How employer reputation shapes network hiring in Dutch professional football.
- Author
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Velema, Thijs A.
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EMPLOYERS ,REPUTATION ,SOCCER ,LABOR market ,KNOWLEDGE workers ,HOME health aides - Abstract
• Networks influence hiring of low reputation firms, not of high reputation firms. • Data on all mobile workers is used for within-employer comparison of network effect on hiring. • Low reputation firms use networks to enlarge the search pool and gather worker information. • High reputation firms have a large search pool and collect information through scouting. • Differences in network hiring are thus contingent on the costs of directly observing workers. Despite a vast literature examining networks in labor markets, it remains unclear how employers differ in their use of networks during recruitment. This study examines network hiring among high and low reputation organizations in Dutch professional football. Within-employer within-transfer window fixed effects conditional logistic regression models demonstrate that networks increase the likelihood that low reputation employers hire workers, but no network effect was found among high reputation employers. Qualitative interviews with employees suggest that low reputation employers identify their search pool and gather hard-to-observe information about potential hires through networks, while high reputation employers do not rely on networks for their search pool and gather information through observing workers for prolonged periods of time [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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163. The Problem with Precarity: Precarious Employment and Labour Markets
- Author
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Choonara, Joseph, author
- Published
- 2022
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164. Afterword: A Pandemic of Precarity
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Choonara, Joseph, editor, Murgia, Annalisa, editor, and Carmo, Renato Miguel, editor
- Published
- 2022
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165. Decent Work in the South African Macroeconomy: Who are The Winners and Losers?
- Author
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Mackett, Odile
- Published
- 2022
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166. Youth unemployment and employment trajectories in Spain during the Great Recession: what are the determinants?
- Author
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Joan Miquel Verd, Oriol Barranco, and Mireia Bolíbar
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Spain ,Unemployment ,Great Recession ,Youth ,Labour markets ,Employment trajectories ,Labor market. Labor supply. Labor demand ,HD5701-6000.9 - Abstract
Abstract Since the beginning of the recession period in Europe, unemployment has greatly affected the young adult population. In this context, Spain is regarded as an extreme case, due to its exceptionally high youth unemployment rates. This article seeks to identify the determinants that have led certain groups of Spanish young people to suffer labour market trajectories with higher levels of unemployment and instability during the Great Recession than others. To do this, retrospective data from the 2012 Catalan Youth Survey are used. With these data and using cluster analysis, a typology of labour market trajectories is constructed. Next, multinomial logistic regressions are used to identify what individual socio-demographic characteristics and pre-crisis employment experiences are connected to these different typological career paths. Results show that the highly differentiated career paths are associated with different social profiles and differences in the presence of unemployment. Moreover, interesting differences among the most unstable career paths appear. For the most vulnerable social profiles the employment trajectory prior to the crisis seems to point towards the existence of an entrapment in low-skilled jobs that alternate with situations of unemployment. For those with a slightly better position their employment situation after the initiation of the crisis seems to have been impacted by their brief labour market trajectory before the crisis and their resulting work experience gap.
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- 2019
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167. Vom Siedlungsbrei zum Städtischen? Eine mehrdimensionale Bestandsaufnahme der Suburbanisierung
- Author
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Adam Brigitte
- Subjects
suburbanisierung ,reurbanisierung ,index ,bevölkerungsentwicklung ,beschäftigtenentwicklung ,flächenentwicklung ,suburbanisation ,reurbanisation ,population development ,labour markets ,land consumption ,Cities. Urban geography ,GF125 ,Urbanization. City and country ,HT361-384 - Abstract
Angesichts der Reurbanisierung deutscher Großstädte stellt sich die Frage, ob, wo, mit welcher Intensität und welchen Tendenzen es noch Suburbanisierung gibt. Ein mehrdimensionales quantitatives Modell liefert hierzu Antworten. Zusätzlich zur Bevölkerungsentwicklung, die häufig auf Reurbanisierung oder Suburbanisierung hinweist, integriert das vorgestellte Modell die Beschäftigten- und die Flächenentwicklung. Über Stadt-Umland-Relationen hinausgehend wird untersucht, ob sich die Entwicklungen im Umland großer Städte gemäß dem Idealbild dezentraler Konzentration auf die dortigen Mittelstädte konzentrieren oder disperser auf kleinere Städte und Gemeinden verteilen. Die Berechnungen münden in einen Suburbanisierungsindex, der sich jeweils im Abstand einiger Jahre periodisch ermitteln lässt (Monitoring). Jenseits einer hauptsächlich auf die Bevölkerungsentwicklung gerichteten Perspektive wird das Bild der Suburbanisierung differenziert und vervollständigt. Der Vergleich der unterschiedlichen Dimensionen (Bevölkerung, Beschäftigte, Fläche) führt zu teils gegenläufigen Ergebnissen.
- Published
- 2019
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168. Life course events and residential change: unpacking age effects on the probability of moving
- Author
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Clark, William AV
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Mobility ,Migration ,The life course ,Labour markets ,Demography ,Sociology - Abstract
We know that life course events, especially divorce and separation, trigger residential moves, but we know less about how these and other life course events intersect with how far people move and the relationship with labour market change. This research uses data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics Survey in Australia to model a set of life course events and their intersection with the distance of move. I examine essentially positive events, marriage and new births and not so positive events, separation and divorce, and the unexpected events of widowhood and job loss, and their outcomes in the housing market. For the decision to move, the models partly parallel other studies of life course events and their role in the mobility decision, but the results provide enriched results about how age and life course events intersect. The analysis shows in greater detail how age acts as a proxy for complicated life course intersections with moving. The disruption of divorce and separation, as expected, increases the probability of moving but with different effects over distance. Households move in response to these life events but they are much less likely to change metropolitan locations, which reflects the embedded nature of family change and location. Overall, the research enriches previous studies of age-related links to migration and mobility. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
- Published
- 2013
169. Educating ‘Euro-citizens’: A Study of a Vocational Uppers Secondary Programme in Health Care and Social Services in a Finnish (Sub)Urban Setting
- Author
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Lappalainen, Sirpa, Pink, William T., editor, and Noblit, George W., editor
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- 2017
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170. Local economic governance strategies in the UK's post-industrial cities and the challenges of improving local work and employment conditions.
- Author
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Yates, Edward, Clark, Ian, and Rossiter, William
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AUSTERITY ,INTERNAL revenue ,PRIVATE sector ,LOCAL government ,BUSINESS revenue - Abstract
This study examines two inter-connected issues: the local economic governance strategies pursued by English local authorities in the post-2007 Crisis austerity period, and the impact of these strategies on local work and employment conditions. The study draws on interview data, policy documents and statistical datasets from an analysis of two English localities to understand how local authorities responded to the economic pressures resulting from the 2007 Crisis and subsequent imposition of austerity policies. The study finds local authorities engaged in various forms of entrepreneurial and austerity urbanist policies under conditions of tight budgetary constraints, resulting in an increased role for the private sector as a vehicle to generate jobs and increase tax revenue. This process has increased the influence of private sector actors within local government, part of a longer term trend. This study presents evidence to illustrate why this scenario is problematic for improving work and employment conditions, chiefly due to an unwillingness to progressively regulate work, and a prioritising of job quantity in terms of total employment, rather than favouring the creation of sustainable, high-quality local employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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171. IMPLIKACIJE COVID-19 NA TRŽIŠTU RADA: ZNAČAJ DIGITALNIH MIGRACIJA.
- Author
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GREČIĆ, VLADIMIR
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,LABOR market ,HUMAN behavior ,GOVERNMENT policy ,TELECOMMUTING - Abstract
Copyright of Ekonomske Ideje i Praksa is the property of Centar za Izdavacku Delatnost Ekonomskog Fakulteta u Beogradu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
172. A critical discourse analysis of the policy formation process of the 2009 action programme on skilled labour migration in Germany
- Author
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Semmelroggen, Jan
- Subjects
331.5 ,Skilled labour migration ,Immigration policy ,Labour markets ,Political discourse ,Germany - Abstract
This thesis analyzes the political discourse on skilled labour migration in Germany between 2005 and 2009 and investigates how and why skilled labour migration polices are negotiated in the Federal Republic of Germany. In particular the thesis highlights the significance of underlying policy maker motives within the policy formation process of Germany s 2009 Action Programme on Skilled Labour Migration as well as their ultimate imprint on the legislation. The critical discourse analysis of parliamentary debate in Germany between 2005 and 2009 in conjunction with interviews with relevant national policy makers, institutional actors, labour market stakeholder, and independent policy advisors reveals that there is a significant discrepancy between policy maker intent in regards to skilled labour migration legislation and the stated intent of the 2009 Action Programme. While the stated aim of the Action Programme is to facilitate and promote skilled labour migration to Germany, the analysis of relevant political debate and the stakeholder interviews reveals that German policy makers are primarily motivated to protect and promote preferential labour market access for domestic workers while at the same time restricting undesired labour migration to Germany. As a result, the policy measures of the 2009 Action Programme on Skilled Labour Migration have a strong protectionist and restrictionist emphasis. Moreover, the thesis reveals that the complex and multilayered power-negotiations over skilled labour migration legislation between the various policy makers, institutional actors, and labour market stakeholders are largely shaped and framed by domestic political considerations. Notwithstanding the widely acknowledged global competition over skilled workers and the need for German labour market to maintain competitive within the global economy, immigration policy makers in Germany are primarily motivated by factors that are firmly embedded within the national political sphere and that aim to control, limit, and restrict territorial access of foreign workers into the national labour market. This in turn highlights the need for migration scholars to reposition and re-conceptualize the role of the nation-state and as an active agent in shaping international labour migration flows.
- Published
- 2012
173. ICT, human capital development and Emiratisation of the labour market in the United Arab Emirates
- Author
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Al Qubaisi, Omar and Rosenberg, Duska
- Subjects
331 ,Emiratisation ,labour markets ,Human Capital ,ICT - Abstract
The UAE's labour market policy of Emiratisation is intended to replace expatriates with local workers by imposing restrictions on the employment of expatriate workers in the public sector and enforcing the private sector to employ nationals in certain types of jobs. This policy has been focused rather narrowly on administrative jobs in the finance and oil sector, and has not addressed the newly emerging ICT sector which is a cornerstone of the government's long-term economic growth strategy. Moreover, strategies such as the Emiratisation policy and investment in the ICT sector are not currently taking place within the context of a proper analysis of labour market needs and problems. The main aim of this study is to make a significant contribution to the knowledge base from which a sustainable national human resource policy in the UAE can be developed, by exploring the current barriers to successful working environments, and by assessing how the Emiratisation policy can be redesigned to focus more on new high-growth sectors, especially the ICT sector. The study also contributes more generally to the field of knowledge about how human capital supply can be improved through policy interventions and technology implementation. Furthermore, by adopting a conceptual framework based on established labour market and social network theories, the study is expected to improve understanding of the UAE economy and potential solutions to current labour market problems, thus offering considerable practical value to UAE decision-makers and policy officials. The study employs a multi-disciplinary approach to the study of the relationship between human capital and ICT with special emphasis on harmonization. This is a mixed-methods study consisting of both quantitative and qualitative primary research data collection, as well as a review of literature. The quantitative research method used a semi-structured online questionnaire survey targeted at managers in the Oil/Gas and Banking/Finance sectors, future job-seekers (students), and other UAE labour market stakeholders and experts. This was followed up by in-depth interviews with ICT expert informants, to provide qualitative data. The results of the quantitative and qualitative components were integrated in a process of triangulation, to draw out their overall significance. The principle finding of this research is that the mismatch between the supply and demand sides of the labour market in terms of skills and expectations is the main barrier to emiratisation. High percentages of Emirati students do not enter the labour market following graduation. UAE nationals have high job and salary expectations, and mainly focus on the public sector. Employers surveyed believe that the types of skills and qualifications they need are in short supply among UAE nationals, especially in relation to managerial and professional jobs. The cultural importance of contacts makes the recruitment process inefficient on both sides. Emiratisation can be expensive for organisations, would be more sustainable if compliance were better enforced by the UAE government, and needs to be better supported by a good education/training system which prepares UAE nationals for the needs of the labour market. The study concludes by advocating a gradual shift towards the knowledge economy as a way of rebalancing the labour market, proposing potential further research on the ICT field within the UAE's private sector, with close attention to indigenization. On the demand side, more detailed nationally representative data might be collected on the skills requirements of private sector jobs in a range of sectors, so that the UAE education system can be better designed to meet the needs of the economy through human resource development.
- Published
- 2012
174. Job Polarization: Its History, an intuitive framework and some empirical evidence
- Author
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Goos, Maarten, Rademakers, Emilie, Salomons, Anna, Vandeweyer, Marieke, Warhurst, Chris, book editor, Mathieu, Chris, book editor, and Dwyer, Rachel E., book editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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175. Policy legacies and the politics of labour immigration selection and control : the processes and dynamics shaping national-level policy decisions during the recent wave of international migration
- Author
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Wright, Christopher F., Brown, William, and Thompson, Helen
- Subjects
320 ,Immigration ,Labour markets ,Comparative politics ,Policy-making ,Political economy ,Historical institutionalism ,Australia ,United Kingdom - Abstract
The two decades preceding the global financial crisis of 2008 saw an increase in international migration flows. This development was accompanied by the relaxation of immigration entry controls for select categories of foreign workers across the developed world. The scale of labour immigration, and the categories of foreign workers granted entry, varied considerably across states. To some extent, these developments transcended the traditional classifications of comparative immigration politics. This thesis examines the reform process in two states with contrasting policy legacies that adopted liberal labour immigration selection and control policies during the abovementioned period. The instrumental role that immigration has played in the process of nation-building in Australia has led it to be classified as a 'traditional destination state' with a positive immigration policy legacy. By contrast, immigration has not been significant in the formation of national identity in the United Kingdom. It has a more negative immigration policy legacy and is generally regarded as a 'reluctant state'. Examining the reasons for liberal shifts in labour immigration policy in two states with different immigration politics allows insights to be gained into the processes of policy-making and the dynamics that underpin it. In Australia, labour immigration controls were relaxed incrementally and through a deliberative process. Reform was justified on the grounds that it fulfilled economic needs and objectives, and was consistent with an accepted definition of the national interest. In the UK, liberal shifts in labour immigration policy were the incidental consequence of the pursuit of objectives in other policy areas. Reform was implemented unilaterally, and in an uncoordinated manner characterised by an absence of consultation. The contrast in the manner in which reform was managed by the various actors, institutions and stakeholders involved in the process both reflected, and served to reinforce, the immigration policy legacies of the two states. Moreover, the Howard government used Australia's positive legacy to construct a coherent narrative to justify the implementation of liberal reform. This generated greater immediate and lasting support for its reforms among stakeholders and the broader community. By contrast, lacking a similarly positive legacy, the Blair government in the UK found it difficult to create such a narrative, which contributed to the unpopularity of its reforms. This thesis therefore argues that policy legacies had a significant impact on the processes and dynamics that shaped labour immigration selection and control decisions during the recent wave of international migration. The cases demonstrate that a nation's past immigration policy experiences shape its policy-making structures, as well as institutional and stakeholder policy preferences, which are core constituent components of a nation's immigration politics. The UK case shows that even when reluctant states implement liberal labour immigration policies, these characteristics tend to create feedback effects that make it difficult for reform to be durable. The relationship between immigration policy and politics thus becomes self-reinforcing. But this does not necessarily mean that states' immigration politics are rigid, since the institutions that help to make a nation's immigration policy and shape its politics will inevitably undergo a process of adaptation in response to changing contexts.
- Published
- 2011
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176. What's the value of a degree? Evidence from Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia.
- Author
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Krafft, Caroline, Branson, Zea, and Flak, Taylor
- Subjects
- *
HIGHER education , *EDUCATIONAL planning , *LABOR market , *EDUCATION - Abstract
The Middle East and North Africa region has the world's lowest returns to education. This paper examines what the value of a degree is using nationally representative labour market surveys from Egypt (2012), Jordan (2010) and Tunisia (2014). Specifically, the authors estimate Mincer models for levels and years of schooling. They find that returns are highest in Tunisia and lowest in Egypt, although all three countries fall short of the global average. Higher education is where returns are greatest. They also analyse the returns by sub-groups: sex; age group; and sector. The returns are higher for women than men in Egypt. The younger generation has lower returns than the older generation in Egypt. The private sector in Egypt and Tunisia has lower returns than the public sector. One reason for the low returns is that many individuals are overeducated relative to position requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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177. The Importance of Context for the Development of Labour Market Theory and Policy.
- Author
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Altman, Morris
- Subjects
LABOR market ,MARKETING theory ,REAL wages ,ECONOMIC impact ,KEYNESIAN economics ,SOCIAL support - Abstract
Labour market theory underlies much of economic analysis with implications for theory and policy. I argue that conventional approaches to the labour market as well as more modern approaches represented by aspects of behavioural labour economics and Keynesian economics are often decontextualized from how individuals actually behave and the institutions affecting their behaviour. Building labour market models with empirically valid assumptions about human behaviour and individuals’ decision-making environment casts doubt on key core predictions of contemporary economics, such as: higher wages are bad for the economy; improvements in conditions of work and social support are economically damaging; lower real wages are a prerequisite to increasing macro employment, and workers prefer leisure over work. These models also challenge the view put forth by heuristics and biases type behavioural economists that workers behave irrationally, are biased, and therefore make decisions that are sub-optimal, damaging to themselves and the economy at large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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178. The race between the snail and the tortoise: skill premium and early industrialization in Italy (1861–1913).
- Author
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Federico, Giovanni, Nuvolari, Alessandro, Ridolfi, Leonardo, and Vasta, Michelangelo
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LABOR economics ,INDUSTRIALIZATION ,ABILITY ,TESTUDINIDAE - Abstract
In this paper, we estimate series of the skill premium for Italy during the early stages of the industrialization with a refined version of the regression approach originally introduced by Clark (J Polit Econ 113(6):1307–1340, 2005). We compute series for the whole country as well as separate series for macro-regions and for construction and manufacturing, and, within manufacturing, we estimate high and low skill premia for blue collars. We interpret the results with an extended version of the classic Katz and Autor (in: Ashenfelter, Card (eds) Handbook of labor economics, Elsevier, Dordrecht, pp 1463–1555, 1999) framework. The overall premium remained stable until the 1890s and then declined for the joint effect of migrations (almost exclusively of unskilled workers) and the rise in literacy, which was not compensated by the modest increase in industrial employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
179. Higher education participation in “high-income” universal higher education systems : “Survivalism” in the risk society
- Author
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Wright, Ewan and Horta, Hugo
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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180. Expanding social actor-based explanations in labour market dualisation research : A combined macro-micro and micro-macro approach
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Pulignano, Valeria and Doerflinger, Nadja
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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181. Essays in behavioural economics and the labour market
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Panos, Georgios A.
- Subjects
330.015195 ,Labour markets ,Economics - Published
- 2010
182. Policing markets: The role of the social partners in internal immigration enforcement.
- Author
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Morgan, Kimberly J
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH policy , *ECONOMICS , *DECISION making , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *INDUSTRIAL relations , *LABOR market , *NEWSPAPERS , *SOCIAL participation , *SOCIAL role , *LABOR unions , *WELL-being - Abstract
In recent decades, governments have made labour markets sites of immigration enforcement through employer sanctions and other measures. In some countries, unions and employers' associations facilitate implementation of these initiatives, while in others they openly or tacitly resist cooperation. This paper explores these patterns of cooperation and resistance through analysis of six countries. The method used is qualitative comparative analysis, using primary and secondary sources that include newspaper coverage, government reports, union documents and scholarly accounts. The explanation centres on the degree of social partner embeddedness in government decision-making and economic management. In countries with institutionalized, coordinated relationships between the social partners and the state, this coordination extends to implementation of employers' sanctions. In systems with less institutionalized cooperation, employers and unions are less likely to assist the immigration control objectives of state officials. These practices also affect migrants' ability to live within a society, making them not only a form of immigration control, but also important for migrant wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
183. How resilient is the labour market against natural disaster? Evaluating the effects from the 2010 earthquake in Chile.
- Author
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Jiménez Martínez, Maribel, Jiménez Martínez, Mónica, and Romero-Jarén, Rocío
- Subjects
LABOR market ,NATURAL disasters ,EARTHQUAKES ,TSUNAMIS ,ECOSYSTEMS ,EARTHQUAKE relief ,ACCELERATION measurements ,DISASTER resilience - Abstract
Natural disasters are one of the main channels through which ecological and socio-economic systems interact. In particular, the severe impacts of earthquakes could disrupt activities in the labour market. However, the literature barely researched the long-term effects of such events. To investigate this issue, this article is concentrated in Chile that is subject to recurring seismic movements. The 27 February 2010 Bío-Bío Chile earthquake (M
w 8.8) was the second strongest in the history of the country. This natural disaster can be used to evaluate the response of the labour market to an exogenous shock. Besides, the capacity for resilience in the labour market is crucial for people who rely on their job. This document analyses the impacts of the 2010 Bío-Bío earthquake and tsunami on Chilean labour market outcomes, in particular, the quality of employment. With this objective, different data are combined for analysing the effect in the short and long term. Also, distinct econometric techniques and exogenous measurements of seismic acceleration are used. The evidence shows that these catastrophes harmed the labour market in the short term. However, in the long term, the government's reconstruction efforts and other factors could have attenuated the adverse effects over some variables in the most affected zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
184. Inflation expectations, labour markets and EMU
- Author
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Curto Millet, Fabien and Muellbauer, John
- Subjects
332.4 ,Economics ,Economic history ,Labour economics ,Macro and international economics ,Econometrics ,inflation ,inflation expectations ,expectations ,inflation perceptions ,perceptions ,survey data ,quantification ,wage equations ,labour markets ,labor markets ,euro ,flexibility ,competitiveness ,labour market institutions ,institutions ,rationality ,Phillips curve ,consumers ,expert forecasts ,expectations distribution ,distribution ,inflation targeting ,prices ,deflation ,wages ,productivity ,unemployment ,wage level ,wage differentials ,compensation ,benefits ,labor costs ,nonwage labor costs ,public policy ,unions ,trade unions ,collective bargaining ,monetary policy ,central banks ,macroeconomics ,policy design ,applied econometrics ,policy coordination ,credibility ,exchange rate mechanism ,forecasting ,equilibrium correction models ,time series ,survey methods ,econometric modeling ,Europe ,European Union ,European Monetary Union - Abstract
This thesis examines the measurement, applications and properties of consumer inflation expectations in the context of eight European Union countries: France, Germany, the UK, Spain, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Sweden. The data proceed mainly from the European Commission's Consumer Survey and are qualitative in nature, therefore requiring quantification prior to use. This study first seeks to determine the optimal quantification methodology among a set of approaches spanning three traditions, associated with Carlson-Parkin (1975), Pesaran (1984) and Seitz (1988). The success of a quantification methodology is assessed on the basis of its ability to match quantitative expectations data and on its behaviour in an important economic application, namely the modelling of wages for our sample countries. The wage equation developed here draws on the theoretical background of the staggered contracts and the wage bargaining literature, and controls carefully for inflation expectations and institutional variables. The Carlson-Parkin variation proposed in Curto Millet (2004) was found to be the most satisfactory. This being established, the wage equations are used to test the hypothesis that the advent of EMU generated an increase in labour market flexibility, which would be reflected in structural breaks. The hypothesis is essentially rejected. Finally, the properties of inflation expectations and perceptions themselves are examined, especially in the context of EMU. Both the rational expectations and rational perceptions hypotheses are rejected. Popular expectations mechanisms, such as the "rule-of-thumb" model or Akerlof et al.'s (2000) "near-rationality hypothesis" are similarly unsupported. On the other hand, evidence is found for the transmission of expert forecasts to consumer expectations in the case of the UK, as in Carroll's (2003) model. The distribution of consumer expectations and perceptions is also considered, showing a tendency for gradual (as in Mankiw and Reis, 2002) but non-rational adjustment. Expectations formation is further shown to have important qualitative features.
- Published
- 2007
185. Rising Income Inequalities – the Causes of and Consequences for Long-term Growth
- Author
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Marta Sordyl
- Subjects
income inequalities ,labour markets ,financialisation ,globalisation ,economic growth ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 ,Business ,HF5001-6182 - Abstract
Objective: The objective of the paper is to identify the channels through which income inequalities affect the short-term economic situation and long-term growth. Research Design & Methods: As initial research, the analysis is based on a literature review. Over the course of the review, this hypothesis was verified: inequalities have a negative impact on GDP growth rates and economic stability. Findings: The paper explains mechanisms through which inequalities affect aggregate demand, output and accumulation, accentuating immanent threats of income disparities, such as rising debt burdens (both private and public) and current-account imbalances. Implications / Recommendations: A policy alternative is proposed in the form of a wage-led growth strategy. This will strengthen the position of workers in the economy and thus allow the wage share to grow at least apace with productivity gains. Contribution: The concept of wage-led growth is rarely discussed in the mainstream literature and deserves more attention.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
186. Loss of job-related right to healthcare associated with employment turnover: challenges for the Mexican health system
- Author
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Germán Guerra, Emilio Gutiérrez-Calderón, Nelly Salgado de Snyder, Víctor Hugo Borja-Aburto, Adolfo Martínez-Valle, and Miguel Ángel González-Block
- Subjects
Healthcare utilization ,Chronic illness ,Informal sector ,Labour markets ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background The Mexican health system segments access and right to healthcare according to worker position in the labour market. In this contribution we analyse how access and continuity of healthcare gets interrupted by employment turnover in the labour market, including its formal and informal sectors, as experienced by affiliates to the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) at national level, and of workers with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Mexico City. Methods Using data from the National Employment and Occupation Survey, 2014, and from IMSS electronic medical records for workers in Mexico City, we estimated annual employment turnover rates to measure the loss of healthcare access due to labour market dynamics. We fitted a binary logistic regression model to analyse the association between sociodemographic variables and employment turnover. Lastly we analysed job-related access to health care in relation to employment turnover events. Results At national level, 38.3% of IMSS affiliates experienced employment turnover at least once, thus losing the right to access to healthcare. The turnover rate for T2DM patients was 22.5%. Employment turnover was more frequent at ages 20–39 (38.6% national level; 28% T2DM) and among the elderly (62.4% national level; 26% T2DM). At the national level, higher educational levels (upper-middle, OR = 0.761; upper, OR = 0.835) and income (5 minimum wages or more, OR = 0.726) were associated with lower turnover. Being single and younger were associated with higher turnover (OR = 1.413). T2DM patients aged 40–59 (OR = 0.655) and with 5 minimum wages or more (OR = 0.401) experienced less turnover. Being a T2DM male patient increased the risk of experiencing turnover (OR = 1.166). Up to 89% of workers losing IMSS affiliation and moving on to other jobs failed to gain job-related access to health services. Only 9% gained access to the federal workers social security institute (ISSSTE). Conclusions Turnover across labour market sectors is frequently experienced by the workforce in Mexico, worsening among the elderly and the young, and affecting patients with chronic diseases. This situation needs to be prospectively addressed by health system policies that aim to expand the financial health protection during an employment turnover event.
- Published
- 2018
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187. Disembedded Politics: Neoliberal Reform and Labour Market Institutions in Central and Eastern Europe.
- Author
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Pula, Besnik
- Subjects
- *
LABOR market , *EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
Defying predictions of radical liberalization, labour market institutions in post-socialist Central and Eastern Europe are characterized by relatively protective employment legislation, sometimes combined with collective bargaining rights. However, not all protective employment regimes survived political attack by neoliberal reformers. Existing theories in comparative political economy suggest that employment regimes reflect the relative political power of producer groups. Others have suggested that in Central and Eastern Europe the content of labour market reform was determined by the coercive influence of transnational actors. Through a comparative analysis of labour market reform in Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Romania and Slovakia, this article finds that trade unions played a key role in early institutional settlements over labour markets. However, in Romania and Slovakia, these institutional settlements were subsequently undermined by attacks by ideologically motivated domestic elites in episodes of disembedded politics. The article develops the concept of disembedded politics and demonstrates its importance in post-socialist institutional change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
188. Labour Market Consequences of a Transition to a Circular Economy: A Review Paper.
- Author
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Laubinger, Frithjof, Lanzi, Elisa, and Chateau, Jean
- Subjects
LABOR market ,TRANSITION economies ,ECONOMIC models ,EMPLOYEE benefits ,ECONOMIC opportunities - Abstract
Circular economy policies aim at reducing resource intensity and use throughout the economy, while also seizing economic opportunities. Employment benefits are also often emphasised. However, the employment effect of circular economy policies is still unclear and difficult to quantify, as the literature on this topic is still relatively new. This paper is the first of its kind to review the state-of-the art literature on the labour market implications of a transition to a circular economy. The review focuses in particular on ex-ante economic modelling studies and compares their employment and resource efficiency outcomes. The reviewed studies suggest that a transition to a circular economy can generate a positive net effect on employment, though the labour implications can differ widely across different sectors and regions and some may experience significant losses. Furthermore, the way in which revenues from materials taxes are recycled can substantially influence the employment outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
189. Housing market dualization: linking insider–outsider divides in employment and housing outcomes.
- Author
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Arundel, Rowan and Lennartz, Christian
- Subjects
- *
HOUSING market , *EMPLOYMENT , *LABOR market , *HOME ownership , *PRECARITY - Abstract
Past decades of economic growth, relatively widespread employment security and expanding mortgage markets promoted growing homeownership. Recent years have witnessed this growth undercut across advanced economies, evidenced by a rise in other tenures and increasing housing precarity. Studies have shown that these housing outcomes follow more fundamental changes in labour markets. By adapting the established concept of labour market dualization to housing, this paper examines how employment and housing positions are intertwined under late capitalism, and how their relationship has changed through the Global Financial Crisis. Examining the salient case of the Netherlands through household-level data from the LISS panel, we demonstrate that being a labour market 'outsider' vastly increases the likelihood of being an 'outsider' across housing market dimensions, in terms of housing equity, affordability and prospective asset accumulation. Comparing housing and labour dualization over 2008 and 2016, we further show that the share of multiply disadvantaged households has grown substantially, both among labour market insiders and outsiders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
190. Union 'facilitation effect' and access to non-wage benefits in the Ghanaian labour market.
- Author
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Owoo, Nkechi S., Lambon-Quayefio, Monica Puoma, Dávalos, Jorge, and Manu, Samuel B.
- Subjects
- *
LABOR market , *COST of living , *MATERNITY leave , *INFORMAL sector - Abstract
Effective access to mandatory non-wage benefits is key to workers achieving decent working conditions. This paper investigates the effects of union presence on workers' access to non-wage benefits in the Ghanaian labor market. The study draws its data from the 2012–2013 Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 6) and specifies a multivariate model that simultaneously controls for endogeneity and potential sample-selection biases. We find that unions have a significant effect on facilitation among workers by improving awareness of and access to work benefits. Other factors that affect benefit entitlements in Ghana include the gender of a worker, urbanization, firm size, sector formality, public v.s. private sector jobs, type of occupation, and the presence of work contracts amongst others. Results presented here indicate that workers from formal-sector firms with union presence are more likely to have access to non-wage benefits. It is also found that despite the statutory nature of these non-wage benefits, non-compliance was common, predominantly in the informal sector but also in the formal sector. This is particularly the case with respect to maternity leave benefits and indicates a need for greater enforcement of these laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
191. Employment Dynamics and Linkages in the Rural Economy: Insights from Senegal.
- Author
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Van Hoyweghen, Kaat, Van den Broeck, Goedele, and Maertens, Miet
- Subjects
- *
EMPLOYMENT , *JOB creation , *WAGE increases , *PANEL analysis , *RURAL development - Abstract
Evidence on rural wage employment is thin and lacks nuance for different employment sources, insights on dynamic effects, and an understanding of the channels of effects. We assess conceptually and empirically the direct and indirect welfare effects of entry and continuation in different types of wage employment in rural Senegal. Using panel data, fixed effects and first‐difference estimation, we show substantial positive welfare and linkage effects. We find that participation in wage employment increases per capita income by 143%, and reduces poverty, poverty gap and food insecurity by, respectively, 63%, 89% and 48%. While the direct effect on income is larger for non‐agricultural and contractual wage employment, the indirect income effects through self‐employment are more pronounced for agricultural and casual wage employment. Our results imply that job creation is important for rural development, that wage employment in agriculture can lead to considerable growth multiplier effects, and that synergies exist between large‐scale and small‐scale agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
192. Slaves to Technology: Worker control in the surveillance economy.
- Author
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Athreya, Bama
- Subjects
ENSLAVED persons ,PUBLIC health surveillance ,EMPLOYEE rights - Abstract
Technology is enabling new forms of coercion and control over workers. While digital platforms for labour markets have been seen as benign or neutral technology, in reality they may enable new forms of worker exploitation. Workers in precarious conditions who seek employment via digital platforms are highly vulnerable to coercion and control via forms of algorithmic manipulation. This manipulation is enabled by information asymmetries, lack of labour protection, and predatory business models. When put together, these deficits create a perfect storm for labour exploitation. This article describes how digital platforms alter traditional labour relations, summarises case data from several existing studies, and details emerging forms of worker control and barriers to worker agency. It explores current definitions of forced labour and whether digital spaces require us to consider a new conceptualisation of what constitutes force, fraud, and coercion. It concludes with a summary of possible responses to these new forms of abuse in the global economy, including alternative models for business and for worker organising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
193. Are estimates of racial wage discrimination influenced by Labor market conditions? Evidence from the national longitudinal survey.
- Author
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Gabriel, Paul E. and Schmitz, Susanne
- Subjects
RACE discrimination ,LABOR market ,INCOME inequality ,INFLUENCER marketing ,HUMAN capital - Abstract
Wage decomposition analysis of recent earnings data for men from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth reveals that estimates of racial wage discrimination, measured by the portion of the wage gap not resulting from human capital differences, are directly related to the black male unemployment rate. Our results indicate that deteriorating labour market conditions contribute to racial wage inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
194. The social order of transnational migration markets.
- Author
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SHIRE, KAREN
- Subjects
- *
TRANSNATIONALISM , *SOCIAL order , *LABOR market , *EMERGING markets , *FOREIGN exchange market , *EDUCATIONAL mobility , *MASS migrations - Abstract
The 'infrastructural turn' in labour migration studies has shifted attention away from the experiences of migrants to the role of public authorities and private actors in facilitating migrant mobilities. As part of a broader turn towards studying transnational mobilities rather than immigration and settlement, this research shows that the formalization of transnational labour migration has made mobility both freer and more difficult. In this article, I reinterpret mobility infrastructures from a market sociological perspective. Transnational labour migration, I argue, is more clearly conceptualized as the organized 'making' of cross‐border labour markets. Moreover, from a market sociological perspective the construction of cross‐border labour exchanges is at the same time a question of how the uncertainties inherent in market exchanges are coordinated by market actors. In its focus on how exchanges across borders are possible at all, a market sociological perspective makes note of the conflicting interests, power imbalances and uncertainties that must be handled for a social order of transnational migration markets to emerge. An important question concerns whether alternatives to the less regulated neo‐liberal market order that is evident in most migration corridors are possible and under what conditions. With reference to the challenges facing the regulation of cross‐border labour markets, in my conclusion, I map an agenda for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
195. Reinvigorating the social contract and strengthening social cohesion: Social protection responses to COVID‐19.
- Author
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Razavi, Shahra, Behrendt, Christina, Bierbaum, Mira, Orton, Ian, and Tessier, Lou
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL contract , *COVID-19 pandemic , *SOCIAL cohesion , *ECONOMIC recovery , *PUBLIC health - Abstract
The COVID‐19 pandemic has exposed the vulnerability of those who are inadequately covered by social protection in more and less developed countries alike, and has exacerbated the fragility of a social contract that was already under strain in many countries. A weak social contract in the context of an exceptional crisis poses a very real risk to social cohesion. Nevertheless, many States have reasserted themselves as the guarantor of rights by protecting public health and incomes. By sustaining these measures, economic recovery will be supported which will help minimize risks that may weaken social cohesion. However, this is a fast‐moving, inherently unstable and protracted crisis. Social protection stands at a critical juncture. Decisive policy action will be required to strengthen social protection systems, including floors, as one of the cornerstones of a reinvigorated social contract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
196. Positional Goods and Upstream Agency.
- Author
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Halliday, Daniel and Hankins, Keith
- Subjects
LABOR market ,HIGHER education ,LABOR supply ,PHILOSOPHERS ,CONSUMER goods - Abstract
Philosophical discussions of positional goods typically focus on parties competing for shares of such goods and on the inequalities among them that both shape and arise from these competitions. Less has been said about the actions of the various agents who shape the opportunities available to parties competing for positional goods. Such agents include suppliers of the goods in question, as well as those who instil value in these either directly or indirectly. This paper explores the complexity and normative significance of this more causally upstream agency with an emphasis on the role played by such agency in higher education. More specifically, we identify some of the forms taken by upstream agency, how the agents involved are related to each other, how they are related to the agents who actually compete for positional goods, and what sort of moral demands can be made of them. Much of this work will be taxonomic and descriptive. Our aim, however, is to show how the taxonomy that we develop and the dynamics that we describe bear on the questions with which political philosophers have tended to be more preoccupied concerning the moral significance of positional goods and how they ought to be regulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
197. Financialization and union decline in Canada: The influence on sectors and core industries.
- Author
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Dupuis, Mathieu, Peters, John, and Scrimger, Phillippe J
- Subjects
FINANCIALIZATION ,LABOR market ,PANEL analysis ,EMPLOYMENT changes ,BUSINESS models - Abstract
This article explores the long-run relationship between financialization and union density in Canada's non-financial sector. Drawing on critical political economy literatures, we argue that the shareholder business model, the growing use of financial assets and leading global industries have led to a restructuring of labour markets and unionized workforces. Evidence from panel data analysis suggests that the negative relationship between financialization and union density holds when controlling for economic context and sectoral characteristics. We conclude that the sectoral impacts of financialization on union density – especially in highly financialized sectors such as manufacturing, extractive resources, transport and warehousing – are critical to understanding union decline and recent changes to employment relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
198. Key features of intra-EU labour mobility and its impact from a sending country perspective: Addressing the consequences in Hungary.
- Author
-
FOTI, KLARA and TAKACS, TIBOR
- Subjects
LABOR market ,LABOR - Abstract
The main characteristics of intra-EU labour mobility are well documented. There is less focus, however, on the pattern of mobility of the East European (EU-13) EU-mobile citizens. This group constitutes more than half (57%) of all the EU movers and show, to some extent, other features than the rest of the EU mobile citizens (EU-15). The first part of this paper gives a brief overview of some key demographic and labour market characteristics of the East European mobile citizens in the most important destination countries. The perspectives of the sending countries are not analysed frequently enough, and thus the second part of the paper focuses on this issue in the case of Hungary, by asking to what extent the serious labour shortages, ensuing from the outflow of Hungarians, could be compensated by the recent increase of immigration of third country nationals. Using OECD data, the paper quantifies the balance of labour gains and losses for Hungary and compares this with Czechia, Poland, and Slovakia. The analysis concludes that despite the substantial recent inflow of third country nationals into Hungary, it remains to be seen whether this has a real substitution effect for the lost domestic labour force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
199. COVID- 19 VE EMEK PİYASALARI: ETKİLER VE MUHTEMEL YÖNELİŞLER.
- Author
-
AYKAÇ, Mustafa and MURAT, Güven
- Subjects
SWINE influenza ,AVIAN influenza ,ECONOMIC policy ,LABOR market ,COVID-19 - Abstract
Copyright of Trakya University, Economics & Administrative Sciences Faculty E-Journal / Trakya Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi E-dergi is the property of T.C. Trakya Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
200. Emerging patterns of artistic organizations in Portugal: A three case studies analysis.
- Author
-
Borges, Vera and Veloso, Luísa
- Subjects
CASE studies ,LABOR market ,WORK structure ,PERFORMING arts ,FINANCIAL crises - Abstract
In the wake of the 2008 global financial and economic crisis, new forms of work organization emerged in Europe. Following this trend, Portugal has undergone a reconfiguration of its artistic organizations. In the performing arts, some organizations seem to have crystalized and others are reinventing their artistic mission. They follow a plurality of organizational patterns and resilient profiles framed by cyclical, structural and occupational changes. Artistic organizations have had to adopt new models of work and seek new opportunities to try out alternatives in order to deal, namely, with the constraints of the labour market. The article analyses some of the restructuring processes taking place in three Portuguese artistic organizations, focusing on their contexts, individual trajectories and collective missions for adapting to contemporary challenges of work in the arts. We conclude that organizations are a key domain for understanding the changes taking place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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