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The AA. examine the current understanding of various aspects of the theories about cell origin, ultrastructural features and mechanism (one-cell or two-cell) of bone degradation of the osteoclasts The AA. examine the current understanding of various aspects of the theories about cell origin, ultrastructural features and mechanism (one-cell or two-cell) of bone degradation of the osteoclasts.

The Authors describe an operation of extirpation of jaw's osteomas in a patient with Gardner's Syndrome.

The A.A. present an uncommon case of eterotopy of the wisdom-tooth placed in the coronoid process, examining etiopthogenesis of this pathology after an attentive analysis of the literature.

The AA., starting point for some clinical cases occurred to their observation, deal with gingival hyperplasia by calcium-antagonists, showing that, not with standing the unlike aetiology, the clinical and histological picture is like the anticonvulsive or immunedepressor gingivitis.

The AA. report the expression of the Class I and II major histocompatibility antigens on oral mucosa Class I and II antigen expression varied between various disease states exhibiting proliferative or destructive tissue responses, and this expression is consistent with major histocompatibility complex (M.H.C.)-restricted cellular interactions. Oral mucosa doesn't express HLA-DQ antigens.

In this work, the AA. speak of the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of osteoradionecrosis, with particular reference to enforcement of this therapeutic technique in the mandibular necrosis caused by irradiation of tumour of cervical-facial region.

To harvest bone for autologous grafting is a daily problem encountered by craniofacial and oral surgeons. Stem cells derived from human dental pulp are able to differentiate in osteoblasts and are a potential source of autologous bone produced in vitro. The authors describe their preliminary results in this new field with its potential application in craniomaxillofacial surgery. Dental pulp was gently extracted from 34 human permanent teeth (all third molars) of patients 19 to 37 years of age. After they were digested, the cells were selected using a cytometer for c-kit, STRO-1, CD34, CD45, and then for CD44 and RUNX-2. This study, made on a considerable number of cases, provided evidence that dental pulp is extremely rich in stem cells, which were c-kit+/CD34+/STRO-1+/ CD45j, capable of differentiation toward several stromal-derived differentiated cells and mainly osteoblasts. These findings, supported by the large number of cases, are of great interest for tissue regeneration, tissue-based clinical therapies, and transplantation.

Nonsyndromic cleft of the lip and/or palate (CLP or orofacial cleft) derives from an embryopathy with consequent failure of the nasal process and/or palatal shelves fusion. This severe birth defect is one of the most common malformations among live births. Nonsyndromic CLP is composed of two separate entities: cleft lip and palate (CL+/-P) and cleft palate only (CPO). Both have a genetic background, and environmental factors probably disclose these malformations. In CL+/-P, several loci have been identified, and, in one case, a specific gene has also been found. In CPO, one gene has been identified, but many more are probably involved. Because of the complexity of the genetics of nonsyndromic CLP as a result of the difference between CL+/-P and CPO, heterogeneity of each group caused by the number of involved genes, type of inheritance, and interaction with environmental factors, we discuss the more sound results obtained with different approaches: epidemiological studies, animal models, human genetic studies, and in vitro studies.