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Background: Intestinal disease is a common disease, which can cause serious digestion and absorption disorders, endanger the lives of patients and seriously affect the quality of life of people. Finding an effective treatment is a difficult problem at present, and stem cell therapy as a treatment has high application potential in intestinal-related diseases. Purpose: This paper mainly summarizes the mechanism, research progress and future development trend of stem cells in the treatment of intestinal diseases in the past decade, hoping to provide reference for future researchers in the research and application of stem cells and intestinal diseases. Method: Stem cells, inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's disease, radiation-induced intestinal injury, radiation enterocolitis, and extracellular vesicles ' were used as search terms. Relevant references in the past ten years were searched in CNKI journal full-text database, PubMed database, VIP network and Wanfang medical network, and 80 literature meeting the requirements were finally included for review. Result: This paper summarizes the research and application of stem cells in intestinal diseases from 2012 to 2021, and expounds the specific mechanism of stem cells in the treatment of intestinal diseases. It is found that stem cells can treat intestinal injury or inflammation through different ways. Future stem cells may also be used to reverse the natural aging of intestinal function, improve intestinal function and strengthen gastrointestinal function.

A concise and divergent enantioselective total synthesis of the revised structures of marine anti-cancer sesquiterpene hydroquinone meroterpenoids (+)-dysiherbols A–E was accomplished using dimethyl predysiherbol as a key common intermediate.

Modeling and forecasting of mortality rates are closely related to a wide range of actuarial practices, such as the designing of pension schemes. To improve the forecasting accuracy, age coherence is incorporated in many recent mortality models, which suggests that the long-term forecasts will not diverge infinitely among age groups. Despite their usefulness, misspecification is likely to occur for individual mortality models when applied in empirical studies. The reliableness and accuracy of forecast rates are therefore negatively affected. In this study, an ensemble averaging or model averaging (MA) approach is proposed, which adopts age-specific weights and asymptotically achieves age coherence in mortality forecasting. The ensemble space contains both newly developed age-coherent and classic age-incoherent models to achieve the diversity. To realize the asymptotic age coherence, consider parameter errors, and avoid overfitting, the proposed method minimizes the variance of out-of-sample forecasting errors, with a uniquely designed coherent penalty and smoothness penalty. Our empirical data set include ten European countries with mortality rates of 0–100 age groups and spanning 1950–2016. The outstanding performance of MA is presented using the empirical sample for mortality forecasting. This finding robustly holds in a range of sensitivity analyses. A case study based on the Italian population is finally conducted to demonstrate the improved forecasting efficiency of MA and the validity of the proposed estimation of weights, as well as its usefulness in actuarial applications such as the annuity pricing.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of serious central nervous system injuries. There is no still effective treatment and the prognosis remains poor. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and Epo B are proven to promote tissue repair and regeneration. This study analyzed the potential impact of BMSCs and Epo on SCI to provide new ideas for the treatment. After establishment of SCI model, mice were randomly administered with BMSCs and/or Epo B to assess their therapeutic effects through behavioral analysis, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. In addition, the number of host neuron and wound healing was assessed. Combined treatment of Epo B and BMSCs significantly improved the survival of neurons, increased axon growth, and promoted motor recovery following spinal cord injury. Single treatment of BMSCs or Epo B rarely improved mice’s behavior. Only combination with BMSCs and Epo B enhanced axonal extension, possibly due to the reduction of inflammation by BMSCs. In addition, we found that surviving neurons in the spinal canal are essential for the functional recovery. Collectively, the combination of BMSCs and Epo B has a neuroprotective effect on CI in rats, and achieves a promising recovery effect of motor function probably due to down-regulation of HMGB1. These findings may lay a foundation for the development of targeted therapy.

A retrospective cohort study.To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the self-locking stand-alone (SA) cage and conventional cage-plate construct (CPC) in treating degenerative cervical spondylosis with a five-year follow-up.The SA approach was designed to reduce complications associated with traditional anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. These techniques have been shown to have satisfactory short-term clinical outcomes. Literature describing the mid-term clinical outcomes of SA cage is limited.We retrospectively analyzed patients with cervical spondylosis who had received an SA device or CPC between 2014 and 2016 at the Xijing Hospital. Participants were matched for sex, age, and operative level. Differences in clinical and radiographic outcomes and the occurrence of postoperative complications between the two groups were analyzed.In total, 207 patients were included (101 with SA and 106 with CPC), the median follow-up for both groups were 60.2 and 60.9 months. Both groups exhibited significant improvements in all measured values compared with the preoperative values. The SA group had a shorter operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, and a significantly lower incidence of dysphagia after surgery than the CPC group ( P0.05). At the last visit, cage subsidence was 6.9% and 3.8% in the SA and CPC groups, respectively ( P =0.365). The radiographic adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) was significantly lower in the SA group than in the CPC group (6.9% vs. 27.4%, P0.01). No symptomatic ASD was observed in the SA group, and six (5.7%) cases occurred in the CPC group ( P =0.029).In this study, the SA cage showed similar efficacy to that of the conventional CPC in treating cervical spondylosis using anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, with a significant reduction in the incidence of immediate postoperative dysphagia and mid-term ASD.

In late October 2020, the final proposal of the New Definition of Critical Illness Insurance passed the review of the CBRC and thyroid cancer - a cancer with a high incidence rate - became a graded benefit according to its severity. Taking the clinical treatment of thyroid tumours as an example, this paper explores patients' subjective perceptions of the post-reform medical burden through questionnaires and field interviews in collaboration with the Department of Thyroid Surgery of West China Hospital of Sichuan University and using sample data from across China. Based on the impact of the critical illness insurance reform, suggestions are made for optimising the path of reform promotion and building a new pattern of shared medical care among patients, insurance companies and the government.