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51,276 results on '"Lechner, A"'

151. First-year treatment response predicts the following 5-year disease course in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

Author

Simona Toscano, Tim Spelman, Serkan Ozakbas, Raed Alroughani, Clara G. Chisari, Salvatore Lo Fermo, Alexandre Prat, Marc Girard, Pierre Duquette, Guillermo Izquierdo, Sara Eichau, Pierre Grammond, Cavit Boz, Tomas Kalincik, Yolanda Blanco, Katherine Buzzard, Olga Skibina, Maria Jose Sa, Anneke van der Walt, Helmut Butzkueven, Murat Terzi, Oliver Gerlach, Francois Grand'Maison, Matteo Foschi, Andrea Surcinelli, Michael Barnett, Alessandra Lugaresi, Marco Onofrj, Bassem Yamout, Samia J. Khoury, Julie Prevost, Jeannette Lechner-Scott, Davide Maimone, Maria Pia Amato, Daniele Spitaleri, Vincent Van Pesch, Richard Macdonell, Elisabetta Cartechini, Koen de Gans, Mark Slee, Tamara Castillo-Triviño, Aysun Soysal, Jose Luis Sanchez-Menoyo, Guy Laureys, Liesbeth Van Hijfte, Pamela McCombe, Ayse Altintas, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Eduardo Aguera-Morales, Masoud Etemadifar, Cristina Ramo-Tello, Nevin John, Recai Turkoglu, Suzanne Hodgkinson, Sarah Besora, Bart Van Wijmeersch, Ricardo Fernandez-Bolaños, and Francesco Patti

Subjects
Multiple sclerosis, Disease-modifying treatment, Prognosis, Nomogram, High-efficacy drugs, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Predicting long-term prognosis and choosing the appropriate therapeutic approach in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) at the time of diagnosis is crucial in view of a personalized medicine. We investigated the impact of early therapeutic response on the 5-year prognosis of patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). We recruited patients from MSBase Registry covering the period between 1996 and 2022. All patients were diagnosed with RRMS and actively followed-up for at least 5 years to explore the following outcomes: clinical relapses, confirmed disability worsening (CDW) and improvement (CDI), EDSS 3.0, EDSS 6.0, conversion to secondary progressive MS (SPMS), new MRI lesions, Progression Independent of Relapse Activity (PIRA). Predictors included demographic, clinical and radiological data, and sub-optimal response (SR) within the first year of treatment. Female sex (HR 1.27; 95 ​% CI 1.16–1.40) and EDSS at baseline (HR 1.19; 95 ​% CI 1.15–1.24) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of relapses during the first 5 years after diagnosis, while high-efficacy treatment (HR 0.78; 95 ​% CI 0.67–0.91) and age at diagnosis (HR 0.83; 95 ​% CI 0.79–0.86) significantly reduced the risk. SR predicted clinical relapses (HR ​= ​3.84; 95 ​% CI 3.51–4.19), CDW (HR ​= ​1.74; 95 ​% CI 1.56–1.93), EDSS 3.0 (HR ​= ​3.01; 95 ​% CI 2.58–3.51), EDSS 6.0 (HR ​= ​1.77; 95 ​% CI 1.43–2.20) and new brain (HR ​= ​2.33; 95 ​% CI 2.04–2.66) and spinal (HR 1.65; 95 ​% CI 1.29–2.09) MRI lesions. This study highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate DMT for each patient soon after MS diagnosis, also providing clinicians with a practical tool able to calculate personalized risk estimates for different outcomes.

Published
2025
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152. Biological boundary conditions regulate the internalization of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia by alveolar cells

Author

Natalia Schiefermeier-Mach, Julien Polleux, Lea Heinrich, Lukas Lechner, Olexandra Vorona, and Susanne Perkhofer

Subjects
boundary conditions, micropatterning, geometric constraints, alveolar cells, Aspergillus fumigatus, host-pathogen interactions, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

IntroductionThe lung environment is defined by unique biological boundary conditions, including complex alveolar geometry, extracellular matrix composition and mechanical forces generated during respiration. These factors were shown to regulate alveolar permeability, surfactant secretion, cell contractility and apoptosis, but their role in fungal infections remains unknown. Aspergillus fumigatus is a critical fungal pathogen that causes severe pulmonary infections in immunocompromised individuals. Our study addresses a knowledge gap by investigating how boundary conditions affect A. fumigatus conidia interactions with alveolar epithelial cells.MethodsWe applied micropatterned substrates to confine cells into defined shapes and densities, allowing precise control over geometric conditions and extracellular matrix composition. Using cell line stably expressing the phagolysosomal protein Lamp1-NeonGreen and multiplane fluorescent microscopy, we evaluated A. fumigatus conidia binding and internalization efficiency.ResultsWe observed significantly faster and more efficient A. fumigatus conidia internalization in cells confined on micropatterns compared to previously reported studies using cell monolayers. Altering cell geometry, density and extracellular matrix composition strongly affected conidia binding and localization to Lamp1+ phagolysosomes. Cells on X-shaped or multicellular micropatterns showed higher internalization rates, particularly at the periphery, suggesting spatial heterogeneity in pathogen uptake. Additionally, changes in extracellular matrix composition influenced the intracellular trafficking of A. fumigatus conidia.DiscussionOur findings emphasize the essential role that local mechanical and biochemical cues play in shaping the interactions between fungal pathogens and alveolar cells. Understanding how lung boundary conditions change in disease states will provide important insights into fungal infection outcomes.

Published
2025
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153. Blended Care Intervention for Cancer Aftercare in General Practice Centers: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Michelle J M Smits, Catherine A W Bolman, Ilse Mesters, and Lilian Lechner

Subjects
Medicine, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract

BackgroundCombining effective eHealth programs with face-to-face consultations in general practice may help general practitioners care for survivors of cancer. ObjectiveThis study protocol describes a 2-armed randomized controlled trial to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a blended intervention integrating the Cancer Aftercare Guide in general practice centers (GPCs). MethodsA parallel-group design will compare an intervention group with a waiting list control group. Participants will be nested within GPCs and randomization will occur at the GPC level. The participants in the intervention group will receive a blended care intervention. In contrast, the participants in the waiting list control group will receive care as usual for the duration of this study and will receive the online intervention afterward. All participants will be asked to complete an online questionnaire at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months after baseline, measuring self-reported adherence to lifestyle recommendations, psychosocial well-being, and quality of life. A process evaluation and cost evaluation are also included in this study. The effects will be evaluated based on differences in residual change scores between intervention and control group participants, using multilevel linear regression analyses. Moreover, effect analyses will be supplemented with Bayes factor analyses. Finally, an economic evaluation will be conducted from a societal perspective and will include medical costs, productivity costs, and costs of the blended care intervention. ResultsThis study was funded in July 2020. Data collection started in August 2022 and is likely to be completed by April 2025. As of December 2024, a total of 127 participants have been included in this study, recruited across 26 GPCs in the Netherlands. Data analysis will commence once data collection is completed. Data analysis is estimated to start in the spring of 2025. The results will likely be published in 2026. ConclusionsThe results will provide insight into the effectiveness of blended care and may be relevant to cancer aftercare, general practice, and the field of eHealth implementation in general. Potential challenges lie in recruitment due to the strain on the health care system since the COVID-19 pandemic. Trial RegistrationISRCTN ISRCTN12451453; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12451453 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/64662

Published
2025
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154. The modified crABCDE treatment algorithm as recommendation in extreme cold

Author

Raimund Lechner, Markus Isser, Willi Tröger, Valentin Schiessendoppler, Wolfgang Lederer, and Frederik Eisendle

Subjects
Accidental hypothermia, Mountain rescue, Search and rescue, Emergency medicine, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract

Trauma care prioritizes life-threatening conditions using the ABCDE algorithm based on the principle “treat first what kills first”. As for catastrophic hemorrhage, a leading preventable cause of death in trauma, modifications of this algorithm are necessary in specific cases. In cold climates, life-threatening hypothermia poses additional challenges. Rapid cooling of a patient’s core temperature, especially when immobile or poorly insulated, necessitates early prevention. Modified algorithms like the military MhARCH therefore prioritize hypothermia management alongside hemorrhage control in extreme conditions. This article advocates for the crABCDE approach in civilian rescue, emphasizing immediate hypothermia prevention in cold, wet, or high-altitude environments. Tailored protocols that consider environmental risks and patient factors are essential for improving outcomes in both military and civilian trauma care.

Published
2025
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160. The Behavioral, Emotional, and Social Skills Inventory (BESSI): Psychometric Properties of a German-Language Adaptation, Temporal Stabilities of the Skills, and Associations with Personality and Intelligence

Author

Lechner, Clemens M., Knopf, Thomas, Napolitano, Christopher M., Rammstedt, Beatrice, Roberts, Brent W., Soto, Christopher J., and Spengler, Marion

Abstract

Social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) skills comprise a broad set of abilities that are essential for building and maintaining relationships, regulating emotions, selecting and pursuing goals, or exploring novel stimuli. Toward an improved SEB skill assessment, Soto and colleagues recently introduced the Behavioral, Emotional, and Social Skills Inventory (BESSI). Measuring 32 facets from 5 domains with 192 items (assessment duration: [approximately]15 min), BESSI constitutes the most extensive SEB inventory to date. However, so far, BESSI exists only in English. In three studies, we comprehensively validated a novel German-language adaptation, BESSI-G. Moreover, we expanded evidence on BESSI in three ways by (1) assessing the psychometric properties of the 32 individual skill facets, in addition to their domain-level structure; (2) providing first insights into the temporal stabilities of the 32 facets over 1.5 and 8 months; and (3) investigating the domains' and facets' associations with intelligence, in addition to personality traits. Results show that BESSI-G exhibits good psychometric properties (unidimensionality, reliability, factorial validity). Its domain-level structure is highly similar to that of the English-language source version. The facets show high temporal stabilities, convergent validity with personality traits, and discriminant validity with fluid and crystallized intelligence. We discuss implications for research on SEB skills.

Published
2022

161. Fluid Intelligence and Competence Development in Secondary Schooling: No Evidence for a Moderating Role of Conscientiousness

Author

Brandt, Naemi D. and Lechner, Clemens M.

Abstract

Fluid intelligence and conscientiousness are important predictors of students' academic performance and competence gains. Although their individual contributions have been widely acknowledged, less is known about their potential interplay. Do students profit disproportionately from being both smart and conscientious? We addressed this question using longitudinal data from two large student samples of the German National Educational Panel Study. In the first sample, we analyzed reading and mathematics competencies of 3778 fourth graders (M[subscript age] = 9.29, 51% female) and gains therein until grade 7. In the second sample, we analyzed the same competencies in 4942 seventh graders (M[subscript age] = 12.49, 49% female) and gains therein until grade 9. The results of (moderated) latent change score models supported fluid intelligence as the most consistent predictor of competence levels and gains, whereas conscientiousness predicted initial competence levels in mathematics and reading as well as gains in mathematics (but not reading) only in the older sample. There was no evidence for interaction effects between fluid intelligence and conscientiousness. We found only one statistically significant synergistic interaction in the older sample for gains in reading competence, which disappeared when including covariates. Although our findings point to largely independent effects of fluid intelligence and conscientiousness on competence gains, we delineate avenues for future research to illuminate their potential interplay.

Published
2022

162. Beyond Competencies: Associations between Personality and School Grades Are Largely Independent of Subject-Specific and General Cognitive Competencies

Author

Roemer, Lena, Lechner, Clemens M., and Rammstedt, Beatrice

Abstract

The Big Five personality traits are established predictors of school grades. However, the mechanisms underlying these associations are not yet well understood. Effects of personality on grades might arise because behavioral tendencies facilitate learning and increase subject-specific competencies. Alternatively, personality effects on grades might be independent of cognitive competencies and reflect otherwise valued behaviors or teachers' grading practices. In the current study, we drew on large-scale data of 7th and 9th graders in Germany to explore the extent to which personality predicted grades even after accounting for competencies. Controlling for competencies and other key covariates, we cross-sectionally and longitudinally examined personality-grade associations across different school subjects, grade levels, and school types. Results indicate that the predictive power of personality is largely independent of subject-specific and general cognitive competencies. The largest effects emerged for conscientiousness. For openness, associations with grades partly overlapped with competencies, suggesting that openness may operate by fostering competencies. Overall, our results suggest that the associations between personality and grades unfold mostly independently of course mastery. This finding underlines the socioemotional value of personality in the classroom and encourages a more fine-grained view of the interplay between personality, competencies, classroom behavior, and grades.

Published
2022

163. Distance Learning as the New Reality in Tertiary Education: A Case Study

Author

Huszti, Ilona, Csatáry, György, and Lechner, Ilona

Abstract

The year 2020 was a horrible shock for both educators and students worldwide because of the COVID-19 disease. The whole educational process had to undergo cardinal changes in that it was forced to transition from face-to-face to online mode. Distance learning (DL) became the new reality in no time. This unusual situation prompted us to conduct research on what challenges it meant for tutors to cope with the new requirements. The main goal of our case study was to get insights into the altered daily routines of tutors and understand how the system functioned. Another objective of our survey was to provide a brief synthesis of distance learning, based on the academic literature. We have applied the qualitative research design, using a semi-structured interview as a research instrument for collecting data from the respondents. The research sample consisted of thirty-four college tutors teaching language and literature (English, German, Ukrainian, and Hungarian). The participants were requested to reply to eleven questions either online or face-to-face. The results proved how unexpected and difficult it was to move from the classroom to distance education. They emphasized how crucial digital literacy is for both instructors and students. One of the essential implications is that teachers must develop their digital skills in every possible way. The next stage of our research will be to investigate what impact DL has on teachers' and students' physical and psychological well-being.

Published
2022

164. Atypical Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Patterns That Indicate Uncommon but Clinically Actionable EGFR Mutations in Lung Cancer

Author

Lechner, Adam, Rai, Anooja, Rojas-Rudilla, Vanesa, Kuang, Yanan, Paweletz, Cloud P., Sholl, Lynette M., and Dong, Fei

Subjects
Diagnosis, Evaluation, Development and progression, Health aspects, Lung cancer -- Diagnosis -- Development and progression, Polymerase chain reaction -- Evaluation, Epidermal growth factors -- Health aspects, Epidermal growth factor -- Health aspects
Abstract

Lung cancer is the third most common malignancy with frequent late-stage presentation. (1) Ten to fifteen percent of non-small cell lung cancers in White patients and 30% to 50% in [...], * Context.--Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) is a sensitive method to detect common pathogenic EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer. Although targeted assays have not been specifically designed to detect them, uncommon EGFR mutations have been linked to response to targeted therapy. Objective.--To describe atypical ddPCR patterns that correspond to uncommon but clinically actionable EGFR mutations. Design.--A cohort of 1134 consecutive non-small cell lung cancers that underwent targeted next-generation sequencing was reviewed. Uncommon EGFR mutations involving probe binding sites were evaluated by ddPCR. Results.--Two hundred fifty-five of 1134 cancers (22.5%) harbored pathogenic EGFR mutations. One hundred eighty-six of 255 (72.9%) had canonical EGFR exon 19 deletion or exon 21 p.L858R variants designed for detection by ddPCR. An additional 25 of 255 cases (9.8%) had uncommon EGFR mutations within the probe-binding site, including 1 case with concurrent uncommon mutations in both exon 19 and exon 21. These mutations included uncommon EGFR exon 19 deletions (n = 6), EGFR exon 19 substitutions p.L747P (n = 3) and p.L747A (n = 1), dinucleotide substitutions leading to EGFR p.L858R (n = 5), EGFR exon 21 substitutions p.K860I (n = 1) and p.L861Q (n = 9), and EGFR p.[L858R;K860I] (n = 1). Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction generated atypical but reproducible signal for each of these uncommon variants. Conclusions.--Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction analysis of uncommon pathogenic EGFR variants can yield unique and reproducible results. Recognition of atypical patterns in EGFR ddPCR testing can prompt confirmatory molecular testing and aid appropriate targeted therapy selection for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Published
2024
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165. Infrastructure-based End-to-End Learning and Prevention of Driver Failure

Author

Buckman, Noam, Sreeram, Shiva, Lechner, Mathias, Ban, Yutong, Hasani, Ramin, Karaman, Sertac, and Rus, Daniela

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Intelligent intersection managers can improve safety by detecting dangerous drivers or failure modes in autonomous vehicles, warning oncoming vehicles as they approach an intersection. In this work, we present FailureNet, a recurrent neural network trained end-to-end on trajectories of both nominal and reckless drivers in a scaled miniature city. FailureNet observes the poses of vehicles as they approach an intersection and detects whether a failure is present in the autonomy stack, warning cross-traffic of potentially dangerous drivers. FailureNet can accurately identify control failures, upstream perception errors, and speeding drivers, distinguishing them from nominal driving. The network is trained and deployed with autonomous vehicles in the MiniCity. Compared to speed or frequency-based predictors, FailureNet's recurrent neural network structure provides improved predictive power, yielding upwards of 84% accuracy when deployed on hardware., Comment: 8 pages. Accepted to ICRA 2023

Published
2023
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166. Trirefringence and the M5-brane

Author

Bandos, Igor, Lechner, Kurt, Sorokin, Dmitri, and Townsend, Paul K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

The Hamiltonian formulation for nonlinear chiral 2-form electrodynamics in six-dimensional Minkowski spacetime is used to show that small-amplitude plane-wave perturbations of a generic uniform constant `magnetic' background exhibit trirefringence: all three independent wave-polarisations have distinct dispersion relations. While two coincide for Lorentz invariant theories, all three coincide uniquely for the chiral 2-form theory on the worldvolume of the M5-brane of M-theory. We argue that this is because, in this M-theory context, the waves propagate in a planar M5-M2-M2 bound-state preserving 16 supersymmetries. We also show how our results imply analogous results for nonlinear electrodynamics in a Minkowski spacetime of five and four dimensions., Comment: 14 pages, v4 includes minor clarifications to v3

Published
2023
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167. Constant Depth Code Deformations in the Parity Architecture

Author

Messinger, Anette, Fellner, Michael, and Lechner, Wolfgang

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We present a protocol to encode and decode arbitrary quantum states in the parity architecture with constant circuit depth using measurements, local nearest-neighbor and single-qubit operations only. While this procedure typically requires a quadratic overhead of simultaneous qubit measurements, it allows for a simple and low-depth implementation of logical multi-qubit gates in the parity encoding via code deformation. We discuss how such encoding and decoding schemes can be used to flexibly change the size and shape of the underlying code to enable a more efficient implementation of quantum gates or algorithms. We apply the new findings to the QAOA which leads to a constant depth implementation using local gates at the same optimization performance as the standard, potentially non-local, QAOA approach without the parity encoding. Furthermore, we show that our method can reduce the depth of implementing the quantum Fourier transform by a factor of two when allowing measurements., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures

Published
2023
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168. Towards a Muon Collider

Author

Accettura, Carlotta, Adams, Dean, Agarwal, Rohit, Ahdida, Claudia, Aimè, Chiara, Amapane, Nicola, Amorim, David, Andreetto, Paolo, Anulli, Fabio, Appleby, Robert, Apresyan, Artur, Apyan, Aram, Arsenyev, Sergey, Asadi, Pouya, Mahmoud, Mohammed Attia, Azatov, Aleksandr, Back, John, Balconi, Lorenzo, Bandiera, Laura, Barlow, Roger, Bartosik, Nazar, Barzi, Emanuela, Batsch, Fabian, Bauce, Matteo, Berg, J. Scott, Bersani, Andrea, Bertarelli, Alessandro, Bertolin, Alessandro, Boattini, Fulvio, Bogacz, Alex, Bonesini, Maurizio, Bordini, Bernardo, Bottaro, Salvatore, Bottura, Luca, Braghieri, Alessandro, Breschi, Marco, Bruhwiler, Natalie, Buffat, Xavier, Buonincontri, Laura, Burrows, Philip, Burt, Graeme, Buttazzo, Dario, Caiffi, Barbara, Calviani, Marco, Calzaferri, Simone, Calzolari, Daniele, Capdevilla, Rodolfo, Carli, Christian, Casaburo, Fausto, Casarsa, Massimo, Castelli, Luca, Catanesi, Maria Gabriella, Cavoto, Gianluca, Celiberto, Francesco Giovanni, Celona, Luigi, Cerri, Alessandro, Cesarini, Gianmario, Cesarotti, Cari, Chachamis, Grigorios, Chance, Antoine, Chen, Siyu, Chien, Yang-Ting, Chiesa, Mauro, Colaleo, Anna, Collamati, Francesco, Collazuol, Gianmaria, Costa, Marco, Craig, Nathaniel, Curatolo, Camilla, Curtin, David, Da Molin, Giacomo, Dam, Magnus, Damerau, Heiko, Dasu, Sridhara, de Blas, Jorge, De Curtis, Stefania, De Matteis, Ernesto, De Rosa, Stefania, Delahaye, Jean-Pierre, Denisov, Dmitri, Denizli, Haluk, Densham, Christopher, Dermisek, Radovan, Di Luzio, Luca, Di Meco, Elisa, Di Micco, Biagio, Dienes, Keith, Diociaiuti, Eleonora, Dorigo, Tommaso, Dudarev, Alexey, Edgecock, Robert, Errico, Filippo, Fabbrichesi, Marco, Farinon, Stefania, Ferrari, Anna, Somoza, Jose Antonio Ferreira, Filthaut, Frank, Fiorina, Davide, Fol, Elena, Forslund, Matthew, Franceschini, Roberto, Ximenes, Rui Franqueira, Gabrielli, Emidio, Gallinaro, Michele, Garosi, Francesco, Giambastiani, Luca, Gianelle, Alessio, Gilardoni, Simone, Giove, Dario Augusto, Giraldin, Carlo, Glioti, Alfredo, Greco, Mario, Greljo, Admir, Groeber, Ramona, Grojean, Christophe, Grudiev, Alexej, Gu, Jiayin, Han, Chengcheng, Han, Tao, Hauptman, John, Henning, Brian, Hermanek, Keith, Herndon, Matthew, Holmes, Tova Ray, Homiller, Samuel, Huang, Guoyuan, Jana, Sudip, Jindariani, Sergo, Kahn, Yonatan, Karpov, Ivan, Kelliher, David, Kilian, Wolfgang, Kolehmainen, Antti, Kong, Kyoungchul, Koppenburg, Patrick, Kreher, Nils, Krintiras, Georgios, Krizka, Karol, Krnjaic, Gordan, Kumar, Nilanjana, Lechner, Anton, Lee, Lawrence, Li, Qiang, Voti, Roberto Li, Lipton, Ronald, Liu, Zhen, Lomte, Shivani, Long, Kenneth, Gomez, Jose Lorenzo, Losito, Roberto, Low, Ian, Lu, Qianshu, Lucchesi, Donatella, Ma, Lianliang, Ma, Yang, Machida, Shinji, Maltoni, Fabio, Mandurrino, Marco, Mansoulie, Bruno, Mantani, Luca, Marchand, Claude, Mariotto, Samuele, Martin-Haugh, Stewart, Marzocca, David, Mastrapasqua, Paola, Mauro, Giorgio, Mazzolari, Andrea, McGinnis, Navin, Meade, Patrick, Mele, Barbara, Meloni, Federico, Mentink, Matthias, Merlassino, Claudia, Metral, Elias, Miceli, Rebecca, Milas, Natalia, Mokhov, Nikolai, Montella, Alessandro, Mulder, Tim, Musenich, Riccardo, Nardecchia, Marco, Nardi, Federico, Neufeld, Niko, Neuffer, David, Onel, Yasar, Orestano, Domizia, Paesani, Daniele, Griso, Simone Pagan, Palmer, Mark, Panci, Paolo, Panico, Giuliano, Paparella, Rocco, Paradisi, Paride, Passeri, Antonio, Pastrone, Nadia, Pellecchia, Antonello, Piccinini, Fulvio, Portone, Alfredo, Potamianos, Karolos, Prioli, Marco, Quettier, Lionel, Radicioni, Emilio, Radogna, Raffaella, Rattazzi, Riccardo, Redigolo, Diego, Reina, Laura, Resseguie, Elodie, Reuter, Jürgen, Ribani, Pier Luigi, Riccardi, Cristina, Ricci, Lorenzo, Ricciardi, Stefania, Ristori, Luciano, Robens, Tania Natalie, Rodejohann, Werner, Rogers, Chris, Romagnoni, Marco, Ronald, Kevin, Rossi, Lucio, Ruiz, Richard, Queiroz, Farinaldo S., Sala, Filippo, Sala, Paola, Salko, Jakub, Salvini, Paola, Salvioni, Ennio, Santiago, Jose, Sarra, Ivano, Esteban, Francisco Javier Saura, Schieck, Jochen, Schulte, Daniel, Selvaggi, Michele, Senatore, Carmine, Senol, Abdulkadir, Sertore, Daniele, Sestini, Lorenzo, Sharma, Varun, Shiltsev, Vladimir, Shu, Jing, Simone, Federica Maria, Simoniello, Rosa, Skoufaris, Kyriacos, Sorbi, Massimo, Sorti, Stefano, Stamerra, Anna, Stapnes, Steinar, Stark, Giordon Holtsberg, Statera, Marco, Stechauner, Bernd, Stolarski, Daniel, Stratakis, Diktys, Su, Shufang, Su, Wei, Sumensari, Olcyr, Sun, Xiaohu, Sundrum, Raman, Swiatlowski, Maximilian J, Sytov, Alexei, Kuchma, Benjamin T., Tait, Tim M. P., Tang, Jian, Tang, Jingyu, Tesi, Andrea, Testoni, Pietro, Thomas, Brooks, Thompson, Emily Anne, Torre, Riccardo, Tortora, Ludovico, Tortora, Luca, Trifinopoulos, Sokratis, Vai, Ilaria, Valente, Riccardo, Valente, Riccardo Umberto, Valente, Marco, Valenti, Alessandro, Valle, Nicolò, van Rienen, Ursula, Venditti, Rosamaria, Verweij, Arjan, Verwilligen, Piet, Vittorio, Ludovico, Vitulo, Paolo, Wang, Liantao, Weber, Hannsjorg, Wozniak, Mariusz, Wu, Richard, Wu, Yongcheng, Wulzer, Andrea, Xie, Keping, Yamamoto, Akira, Yang, Yifeng, Yonehara, Katsuya, Zaza, Angela, Zhao, Xiaoran, Zlobin, Alexander, Zuliani, Davide, and Zurita, Jose

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

A muon collider would enable the big jump ahead in energy reach that is needed for a fruitful exploration of fundamental interactions. The challenges of producing muon collisions at high luminosity and 10~TeV centre of mass energy are being investigated by the recently-formed International Muon Collider Collaboration. This Review summarises the status and the recent advances on muon colliders design, physics and detector studies. The aim is to provide a global perspective of the field and to outline directions for future work., Comment: 118 pages, 103 figures

Published
2023

169. Light-matter interaction at the transition between cavity and waveguide QED

Author

Lechner, Daniel, Pennetta, Riccardo, Blaha, Martin, Schneeweiss, Philipp, Rauschenbeutel, Arno, and Volz, Jürgen

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Atomic Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Experiments based on cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) are widely used to study the interaction of a light field with a discrete frequency spectrum and emitters. More recently, the field of waveguide QED has attracted interest due to the strong interaction between propagating photons and emitters that can be obtained in nanophotonic waveguides, where a continuum of frequency modes is allowed. Both cavity and waveguide QED share the common goal of harnessing and deepening the understanding of light-matter coupling. However, they often rely on very different experimental set-ups and theoretical descriptions. Here, we experimentally investigate the transition from cavity to waveguide QED with an ensemble of cold atoms that is coupled to a fiber-ring resonator, which contains a nanofiber section. By varying the length of the resonator from a few meters to several tens of meters, we tailor the spectral density of modes of the resonator while remaining in the strong coupling regime. We demonstrate that for progressively longer resonators, the paradigmatic Rabi oscillations of cavity QED gradually vanish, while non-Markovian features reminiscent of waveguide QED appear.

Published
2023
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170. Dataset Distillation with Convexified Implicit Gradients

Author

Loo, Noel, Hasani, Ramin, Lechner, Mathias, and Rus, Daniela

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

We propose a new dataset distillation algorithm using reparameterization and convexification of implicit gradients (RCIG), that substantially improves the state-of-the-art. To this end, we first formulate dataset distillation as a bi-level optimization problem. Then, we show how implicit gradients can be effectively used to compute meta-gradient updates. We further equip the algorithm with a convexified approximation that corresponds to learning on top of a frozen finite-width neural tangent kernel. Finally, we improve bias in implicit gradients by parameterizing the neural network to enable analytical computation of final-layer parameters given the body parameters. RCIG establishes the new state-of-the-art on a diverse series of dataset distillation tasks. Notably, with one image per class, on resized ImageNet, RCIG sees on average a 108\% improvement over the previous state-of-the-art distillation algorithm. Similarly, we observed a 66\% gain over SOTA on Tiny-ImageNet and 37\% on CIFAR-100.

Published
2023

171. Encoding-Independent Optimization Problem Formulation for Quantum Computing

Author

Dominguez, Federico, Unger, Josua, Traube, Matthias, Mant, Barry, Ertler, Christian, and Lechner, Wolfgang

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We present an encoding and hardware-independent formulation of optimization problems for quantum computing. Using this generalized approach, we present an extensive library of optimization problems and their various derived spin encodings. Common building blocks that serve as a construction kit for building these spin Hamiltonians are identified. This paves the way towards a fully automatic construction of Hamiltonians for arbitrary discrete optimization problems. The presented freedom in the problem formulation is a key step for tailoring optimal spin Hamiltonians for different hardware platforms., Comment: 29 pages, 5 figures

Published
2023
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172. Understanding Reconstruction Attacks with the Neural Tangent Kernel and Dataset Distillation

Author

Loo, Noel, Hasani, Ramin, Lechner, Mathias, Amini, Alexander, and Rus, Daniela

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

Modern deep learning requires large volumes of data, which could contain sensitive or private information that cannot be leaked. Recent work has shown for homogeneous neural networks a large portion of this training data could be reconstructed with only access to the trained network parameters. While the attack was shown to work empirically, there exists little formal understanding of its effective regime which datapoints are susceptible to reconstruction. In this work, we first build a stronger version of the dataset reconstruction attack and show how it can provably recover the \emph{entire training set} in the infinite width regime. We then empirically study the characteristics of this attack on two-layer networks and reveal that its success heavily depends on deviations from the frozen infinite-width Neural Tangent Kernel limit. Next, we study the nature of easily-reconstructed images. We show that both theoretically and empirically, reconstructed images tend to "outliers" in the dataset, and that these reconstruction attacks can be used for \textit{dataset distillation}, that is, we can retrain on reconstructed images and obtain high predictive accuracy.

Published
2023

173. Does cluster encapsulation inhibit sintering? Stabilization of size-selected Pt clusters on Fe$_3$O$_4$(001) by SMSI

Author

Kaiser, Sebastian, Plansky, Johanna, Krinninger, Matthias, Shavorskiy, Andrey, Zhu, Suyun, Heiz, Ueli, Esch, Friedrich, and Lechner, Barbara A. J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The metastability of supported metal nanoparticles limits their application in heterogeneous catalysis at elevated temperatures due to their tendency to sinter. One strategy to overcome these thermodynamic limits on reducible oxide supports is encapsulation via strong metal-support interaction (SMSI). While annealing-induced encapsulation is a well-explored phenomenon for extended nanoparticles, it is as yet unknown whether the same mechanisms hold for sub-nanometer clusters, where concomitant sintering and alloying might play a significant role. In this article, we explore the encapsulation and stability of size-selected Pt$_5$, Pt$_{10}$ and Pt$_{19}$ clusters deposited on Fe$_3$O$_4$(001). In a multimodal approach using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we demonstrate that SMSI indeed leads to the formation of a defective, FeO-like conglomerate encapsulating the clusters. By stepwise annealing up to 1023 K, we observe the succession of encapsulation, cluster coalescence and Ostwald ripening, resulting in square-shaped crystalline Pt particles, independent of the initial cluster sizes. The respective sintering onset temperatures scale with the cluster footprint and thus size. Remarkably, while small encapsulated clusters can still diffuse as a whole, atom detachment and thus Ostwald ripening are successfully suppressed up to 823 K, i.e. 200 K above the H\"uttig temperature that indicates the thermodynamic stability limit.

Published
2023

174. Error Mitigation for Quantum Approximate Optimization

Author

Weidinger, Anita, Mbeng, Glen Bigan, and Lechner, Wolfgang

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Solving optimization problems on near term quantum devices requires developing error mitigation techniques to cope with hardware decoherence and dephasing processes. We propose a mitigation technique based on the LHZ architecture. This architecture uses a redundant encoding of logical variables to solve optimization problems on fully programmable planar quantum chips. We discuss how this redundancy can be exploited to mitigate errors in quantum optimization algorithms. In the specific context of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), we show that errors can be significantly mitigated by appropriately modifying the objective cost function.

Published
2023

175. Safety and Activity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in People Living With HIV and Cancer: A Real-World Report From the Cancer Therapy Using Checkpoint Inhibitors in People Living With HIV-International (CATCH-IT) Consortium.

Author

El Zarif, Talal, Nassar, Amin, Adib, Elio, Fitzgerald, Bailey, Huang, Jiaming, Mouhieddine, Tarek, Rubinstein, Paul, Nonato, Taylor, McKay, Rana, Li, Mingjia, Mittra, Arjun, Owen, Dwight, Baiocchi, Robert, Lorentsen, Michael, Dittus, Christopher, Dizman, Nazli, Falohun, Adewunmi, Abdel-Wahab, Noha, Diab, Adi, Bankapur, Anand, Reed, Alexandra, Kim, Chul, Arora, Aakriti, Shah, Neil, El-Am, Edward, Kozaily, Elie, Abdallah, Wassim, Al-Hader, Ahmad, Abu Ghazal, Batool, Saeed, Anwaar, Drolen, Claire, Lechner, Melissa, Drakaki, Alexandra, Baena, Javier, Nebhan, Caroline, Haykal, Tarek, Morse, Michael, Cortellini, Alessio, Pinato, David, Dalla Pria, Alessia, Hall, Evan, Bakalov, Veli, Bahary, Nathan, Rajkumar, Aarthi, Mangla, Ankit, Shah, Vishal, Singh, Parminder, Aboubakar Nana, Frank, Lopetegui-Lia, Nerea, Dima, Danai, Dobbs, Ryan, Funchain, Pauline, Saleem, Rabia, Woodford, Rachel, Long, Georgina, Menzies, Alexander, Genova, Carlo, Barletta, Giulia, Puri, Sonam, Florou, Vaia, Idossa, Dame, Saponara, Maristella, Queirolo, Paola, Lamberti, Giuseppe, Addeo, Alfredo, Bersanelli, Melissa, Freeman, Dory, Xie, Wanling, Reid, Erin, Chiao, Elizabeth, Sharon, Elad, Johnson, Douglas, Ramaswami, Ramya, Bower, Mark, Emu, Brinda, Marron, Thomas, Choueiri, Toni, Baden, Lindsey, Lurain, Kathryn, Sonpavde, Guru, and Naqash, Abdul

Subjects
Male, Humans, Middle Aged, Female, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Retrospective Studies, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, Liver Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Lung Neoplasms, Head and Neck Neoplasms, HIV Infections
Abstract

PURPOSE: Compared with people living without HIV (PWOH), people living with HIV (PWH) and cancer have traditionally been excluded from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) trials. Furthermore, there is a paucity of real-world data on the use of ICIs in PWH and cancer. METHODS: This retrospective study included PWH treated with anti-PD-1- or anti-PD-L1-based therapies for advanced cancers. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Objective response rates (ORRs) were measured per RECIST 1.1 or other tumor-specific criteria, whenever feasible. Restricted mean survival time (RMST) was used to compare OS and PFS between matched PWH and PWOH with metastatic NSCLC (mNSCLC). RESULTS: Among 390 PWH, median age was 58 years, 85% (n = 331) were males, 36% (n = 138) were Black; 70% (n = 274) received anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 monotherapy. Most common cancers were NSCLC (28%, n = 111), hepatocellular carcinoma ([HCC]; 11%, n = 44), and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC; 10%, n = 39). Seventy percent (152/216) had CD4+ T cell counts ≥200 cells/µL, and 94% (179/190) had HIV viral load

Published
2023

186. Expanding on non-users’ beliefs about streaming television: Reasons for SVoD adoption and continued use

Author

Dominik J. Leiner, Maximilian Lechner, Luisa Fröbel, and Isabell Gonzalo

Subjects
Communication. Mass media, P87-96
Abstract

The diffusion of innovation (DOI) literature and the uses-and-gratifications approach (UGA) meet in the people’s beliefs and expectations. We explore the users’ and non-users’ beliefs about streaming television (SVoD). A survey about Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, and Disney+ reveals substantial differences in the mental representations of users and non-users. Nonetheless, the aspects that support the decision to adopt streaming television, or to cancel a subscription, are very similar. While there are relevant beliefs beyond traditional gratifications, its most influential aspect is still anticipated entertainment gratification.

Published
2024
Full Text
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187. The clinical relevance of MOG antibody testing in cerebrospinal fluid

Author

Molly Reynolds, Irene Tan, Kristy Nguyen, Vera Merheb, Fiona X. Z. Lee, Benjamin P Trewin, Magdalena Lerch, Snehal Shah, Nigel Wolfe, Katherine Buzzard, Jeannette Lechner‐Scott, Marzena Fabis‐Pedrini, Anthony Fok, Nevin John, Chris Kneebone, Con Yiannikas, David A. Brown, Allan G. Kermode, Stephen Reddel, Russell C. Dale, Fabienne Brilot, Sudarshini Ramanathan, and the Australasian MOGAD Study Group

Subjects
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Abstract Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD) is diagnosed by serum MOG‐immunoglobulin G (MOG‐IgG) in association with typical demyelination. 111/1127 patients with paired CSF/serum samples were seropositive for MOG‐IgG. Only 7/1016 (0.7%) seronegative patients had CSF‐restricted MOG‐IgG. While 3/7 patients had longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, four had a confirmed alternate diagnosis (three multiple sclerosis, one CNS vasculitis). In a national referral setting, CSF‐restricted MOG‐IgG had a low sensitivity (2.63%, 95%CI 0.55–7.50%) and low positive predictive value (1.97%, 95%CI 0.45–8.13%). We strongly recommend serum as the preferred diagnostic biospecimen, and urge caution in the interpretation of CSF‐restricted MOG‐IgG in patients without clinico‐radiological features consistent with MOGAD.

Published
2024
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188. Multiplicity and transverse momentum dependence of charge-balance functions in pPb and PbPb collisions at LHC energies

Author

The CMS collaboration, A. Tumasyan, W. Adam, J. W. Andrejkovic, T. Bergauer, S. Chatterjee, K. Damanakis, M. Dragicevic, A. Escalante Del Valle, P. S. Hussain, M. Jeitler, N. Krammer, L. Lechner, D. Liko, I. Mikulec, J. Schieck, R. Schöfbeck, D. Schwarz, M. Sonawane, S. Templ, W. Waltenberger, C.-E. Wulz, M. R. Darwish, T. Janssen, T. Kello, P. Van Mechelen, E. S. Bols, J. D’Hondt, A. De Moor, M. Delcourt, H. El Faham, S. Lowette, A. Morton, D. Müller, A. R. Sahasransu, S. Tavernier, W. Van Doninck, S. Van Putte, D. Vannerom, B. Clerbaux, S. Dansana, G. De Lentdecker, L. Favart, D. Hohov, J. Jaramillo, K. Lee, M. Mahdavikhorrami, I. Makarenko, A. Malara, S. Paredes, L. Pétré, N. Postiau, L. Thomas, M. Vanden Bemden, C. Vander Velde, P. Vanlaer, D. Dobur, J. Knolle, L. Lambrecht, G. Mestdach, C. Rendón, A. Samalan, K. Skovpen, M. Tytgat, N. Van Den Bossche, B. Vermassen, L. Wezenbeek, A. Benecke, G. Bruno, F. Bury, C. Caputo, P. David, C. Delaere, I. S. Donertas, A. Giammanco, K. Jaffel, Sa. Jain, V. Lemaitre, J. Lidrych, K. Mondal, T. T. Tran, P. Vischia, S. Wertz, G. A. Alves, E. Coelho, C. Hensel, A. Moraes, P. Rebello Teles, W. L. Aldá Júnior, M. Alves Gallo Pereira, M. Barroso Ferreira Filho, H. Brandao Malbouisson, W. Carvalho, J. Chinellato, E. M. Da Costa, G. G. Da Silveira, D. De Jesus Damiao, V. Dos Santos Sousa, S. Fonseca De Souza, J. Martins, C. Mora Herrera, K. Mota Amarilo, L. Mundim, H. Nogima, A. Santoro, S. M. Silva Do Amaral, A. Sznajder, M. Thiel, A. Vilela Pereira, C. A. Bernardes, L. Calligaris, T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei, E. M. Gregores, P. G. Mercadante, S. F. Novaes, B. Orzari, Sandra S. Padula, A. Aleksandrov, G. Antchev, R. Hadjiiska, P. Iaydjiev, M. Misheva, M. Rodozov, M. Shopova, G. Sultanov, A. Dimitrov, T. Ivanov, L. Litov, B. Pavlov, P. Petkov, A. Petrov, E. Shumka, S. Keshri, S. Thakur, T. Cheng, Q. Guo, T. Javaid, M. Mittal, L. Yuan, G. Bauer, Z. Hu, S. Lezki, K. Yi, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. Chen, F. Iemmi, C. H. Jiang, A. Kapoor, H. Liao, Z.-A. Liu, V. Milosevic, F. Monti, R. Sharma, J. Tao, J. Wang, H. Zhang, J. Zhao, A. Agapitos, Y. Ban, A. Carvalho Antunes De Oliveira, A. Levin, C. Li, Q. Li, X. Lyu, Y. Mao, S. J. Qian, X. Sun, D. Wang, J. Xiao, H. Yang, M. Lu, Z. You, N. Lu, X. Gao, D. Leggat, H. Okawa, Y. Zhang, Z. Lin, C. Lu, M. Xiao, C. Avila, D. A. Barbosa Trujillo, A. Cabrera, C. Florez, J. Fraga, J. A. Reyes Vega, J. Mejia Guisao, F. Ramirez, M. Rodriguez, J. D. Ruiz Alvarez, D. Giljanovic, N. Godinovic, D. Lelas, I. Puljak, A. Sculac, Z. Antunovic, M. Kovac, T. Sculac, P. Bargassa, V. Brigljevic, B. K. Chitroda, D. Ferencek, S. Mishra, M. Roguljic, A. Starodumov, T. Susa, A. Attikis, K. Christoforou, S. Konstantinou, J. Mousa, C. Nicolaou, F. Ptochos, P. A. Razis, H. Rykaczewski, H. Saka, A. Stepennov, M. Finger, A. Kveton, E. Ayala, E. Carrera Jarrin, A. A. Abdelalim, E. Salama, A. Lotfy, M. A. Mahmoud, S. Bhowmik, R. K. Dewanjee, K. Ehataht, M. Kadastik, T. Lange, S. Nandan, C. Nielsen, J. Pata, M. Raidal, L. Tani, C. Veelken, P. Eerola, H. Kirschenmann, K. Osterberg, M. Voutilainen, S. Bharthuar, E. Brücken, F. Garcia, J. Havukainen, M. S. Kim, R. Kinnunen, T. Lampén, K. Lassila-Perini, S. Lehti, T. Lindén, M. Lotti, L. Martikainen, M. Myllymäki, M. m. Rantanen, H. Siikonen, E. Tuominen, J. Tuominiemi, P. Luukka, H. Petrow, T. Tuuva, C. Amendola, M. Besancon, F. Couderc, M. Dejardin, D. Denegri, J. L. Faure, F. Ferri, S. Ganjour, P. Gras, G. Hamel de Monchenault, V. Lohezic, J. Malcles, J. Rander, A. Rosowsky, M. Ö. Sahin, A. Savoy-Navarro, P. Simkina, M. Titov, C. Baldenegro Barrera, F. Beaudette, A. Buchot Perraguin, P. Busson, A. Cappati, C. Charlot, F. Damas, O. Davignon, B. Diab, G. Falmagne, B. A. Fontana Santos Alves, S. Ghosh, R. Granier de Cassagnac, A. Hakimi, B. Harikrishnan, G. Liu, J. Motta, M. Nguyen, C. Ochando, L. Portales, R. Salerno, U. Sarkar, J. B. Sauvan, Y. Sirois, A. Tarabini, E. Vernazza, A. Zabi, A. Zghiche, J.-L. Agram, J. Andrea, D. Apparu, D. Bloch, J.-M. Brom, E. C. Chabert, C. Collard, U. Goerlach, C. Grimault, A.-C. Le Bihan, P. Van Hove, S. Beauceron, B. Blancon, G. Boudoul, N. Chanon, J. Choi, D. Contardo, P. Depasse, C. Dozen, H. El Mamouni, J. Fay, S. Gascon, M. Gouzevitch, C. Greenberg, G. Grenier, B. Ille, I. B. Laktineh, M. Lethuillier, L. Mirabito, S. Perries, M. Vander Donckt, P. Verdier, S. Viret, G. Adamov, I. Lomidze, Z. Tsamalaidze, V. Botta, L. Feld, K. Klein, M. Lipinski, D. Meuser, A. Pauls, N. Röwert, M. Teroerde, S. Diekmann, A. Dodonova, N. Eich, D. Eliseev, M. Erdmann, P. Fackeldey, B. Fischer, T. Hebbeker, K. Hoepfner, F. Ivone, M. y. Lee, L. Mastrolorenzo, M. Merschmeyer, A. Meyer, S. Mondal, S. Mukherjee, D. Noll, A. Novak, F. Nowotny, A. Pozdnyakov, Y. Rath, W. Redjeb, F. Rehm, H. Reithler, A. Schmidt, S. C. Schuler, A. Sharma, A. Stein, F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo, L. Vigilante, S. Wiedenbeck, S. Zaleski, C. Dziwok, G. Flügge, W. Haj Ahmad, O. Hlushchenko, T. Kress, A. Nowack, O. Pooth, A. Stahl, T. Ziemons, A. Zotz, H. Aarup Petersen, M. Aldaya Martin, J. Alimena, Y. An, S. Baxter, M. Bayatmakou, H. Becerril Gonzalez, O. Behnke, S. Bhattacharya, F. Blekman, K. Borras, D. Brunner, A. Campbell, A. Cardini, C. Cheng, F. Colombina, S. Consuegra Rodríguez, G. Correia Silva, M. De Silva, G. Eckerlin, D. Eckstein, L. I. Estevez Banos, O. Filatov, E. Gallo, A. Geiser, A. Giraldi, G. Greau, A. Grohsjean, V. Guglielmi, M. Guthoff, A. Jafari, N. Z. Jomhari, B. Kaech, M. Kasemann, H. Kaveh, C. Kleinwort, R. Kogler, M. Komm, D. Krücker, W. Lange, D. Leyva Pernia, K. Lipka, W. Lohmann, R. Mankel, I.-A. Melzer-Pellmann, M. Mendizabal Morentin, J. Metwally, A. B. Meyer, G. Milella, M. Mormile, A. Mussgiller, A. Nürnberg, Y. Otarid, D. Pérez Adán, E. Ranken, A. Raspereza, B. Ribeiro Lopes, J. Rübenach, A. Saggio, M. Savitskyi, M. Scham, V. Scheurer, S. Schnake, P. Schütze, C. Schwanenberger, M. Shchedrolosiev, R. E. Sosa Ricardo, L. P. Sreelatha Pramod, D. Stafford, F. Vazzoler, A. Ventura Barroso, R. Walsh, Q. Wang, Y. Wen, K. Wichmann, L. Wiens, C. Wissing, S. Wuchterl, Y. Yang, A. Zimermmane Castro Santos, A. Albrecht, S. Albrecht, M. Antonello, S. Bein, L. Benato, M. Bonanomi, P. Connor, K. De Leo, M. Eich, K. El Morabit, A. Fröhlich, C. Garbers, E. Garutti, M. Hajheidari, J. Haller, A. Hinzmann, H. R. Jabusch, G. Kasieczka, P. Keicher, R. Klanner, W. Korcari, T. Kramer, V. Kutzner, F. Labe, J. Lange, A. Lobanov, C. Matthies, A. Mehta, L. Moureaux, M. Mrowietz, A. Nigamova, Y. Nissan, A. Paasch, K. J. Pena Rodriguez, T. Quadfasel, M. Rieger, D. Savoiu, J. Schindler, P. Schleper, M. Schröder, J. Schwandt, M. Sommerhalder, H. Stadie, G. Steinbrück, A. Tews, M. Wolf, S. Brommer, M. Burkart, E. Butz, T. Chwalek, A. Dierlamm, A. Droll, N. Faltermann, M. Giffels, J. O. Gosewisch, A. Gottmann, F. Hartmann, M. Horzela, U. Husemann, M. Klute, R. Koppenhöfer, M. Link, A. Lintuluoto, S. Maier, S. Mitra, Th. Müller, M. Neukum, M. Oh, G. Quast, K. Rabbertz, I. Shvetsov, H. J. Simonis, N. Trevisani, R. Ulrich, J. van der Linden, R. F. Von Cube, M. Wassmer, S. Wieland, R. Wolf, S. Wunsch, X. Zuo, G. Anagnostou, P. Assiouras, G. Daskalakis, A. Kyriakis, A. Stakia, M. Diamantopoulou, D. Karasavvas, P. Kontaxakis, A. Manousakis-Katsikakis, G. Melachroinos, A. Panagiotou, I. Papavergou, N. Saoulidou, K. Theofilatos, E. Tziaferi, K. Vellidis, I. Zisopoulos, G. Bakas, T. Chatzistavrou, G. Karapostoli, K. Kousouris, I. Papakrivopoulos, E. Siamarkou, G. Tsipolitis, A. Zacharopoulou, K. Adamidis, I. Bestintzanos, I. Evangelou, C. Foudas, P. Gianneios, C. Kamtsikis, P. Katsoulis, P. Kokkas, P. G. Kosmoglou Kioseoglou, N. Manthos, I. Papadopoulos, J. Strologas, M. Csanád, K. Farkas, M. M. A. Gadallah, P. Major, K. Mandal, G. Pásztor, A. J. Rádl, O. Surányi, G. I. Veres, M. Bartók, C. Hajdu, D. Horvath, F. Sikler, V. Veszpremi, G. Bencze, N. Beni, S. Czellar, J. Karancsi, J. Molnar, Z. Szillasi, D. Teyssier, P. Raics, B. Ujvari, G. Zilizi, T. Csorgo, F. Nemes, T. Novak, J. Babbar, S. Bansal, S. B. Beri, V. Bhatnagar, G. Chaudhary, S. Chauhan, N. Dhingra, R. Gupta, A. Kaur, H. Kaur, M. Kaur, S. Kumar, P. Kumari, M. Meena, K. Sandeep, T. Sheokand, J. B. Singh, A. Singla, A. Ahmed, A. Bhardwaj, A. Chhetri, B. C. Choudhary, A. Kumar, M. Naimuddin, K. Ranjan, S. Saumya, S. Baradia, S. Barman, D. Bhowmik, S. Dutta, B. Gomber, M. Maity, P. Palit, G. Saha, B. Sahu, S. Sarkar, P. K. Behera, S. C. Behera, P. Kalbhor, J. R. Komaragiri, D. Kumar, A. Muhammad, L. Panwar, R. Pradhan, P. R. Pujahari, N. R. Saha, A. K. Sikdar, S. Verma, K. Naskar, T. Aziz, I. Das, S. Dugad, M. Kumar, G. B. Mohanty, P. Suryadevara, A. Bala, S. Banerjee, M. Guchait, S. Karmakar, G. Majumder, K. Mazumdar, A. Thachayath, S. Bahinipati, A. K. Das, C. Kar, P. Mal, T. Mishra, V. K. Muraleedharan Nair Bindhu, A. Nayak, P. Saha, S. K. Swain, S. Varghese, D. Vats, A. Alpana, S. Dube, B. Kansal, A. Laha, S. Pandey, A. Rastogi, S. Sharma, H. Bakhshiansohi, E. Khazaie, M. Zeinali, S. Chenarani, S. M. Etesami, M. Khakzad, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi, M. Grunewald, M. Abbrescia, R. Aly, C. Aruta, A. Colaleo, D. Creanza, L. Cristella, B. D‘ Anzi, N. De Filippis, M. De Palma, A. Di Florio, W. Elmetenawee, F. Errico, L. Fiore, G. Iaselli, G. Maggi, M. Maggi, I. Margjeka, V. Mastrapasqua, S. My, S. Nuzzo, A. Pellecchia, A. Pompili, G. Pugliese, R. Radogna, D. Ramos, A. Ranieri, G. Selvaggi, L. Silvestris, F. M. Simone, Ü. Sözbilir, A. Stamerra, R. Venditti, P. Verwilligen, G. Abbiendi, C. Battilana, D. Bonacorsi, L. Borgonovi, L. Brigliadori, R. Campanini, P. Capiluppi, A. Castro, F. R. Cavallo, M. Cuffiani, G. M. Dallavalle, T. Diotalevi, F. Fabbri, A. Fanfani, D. Fasanella, P. Giacomelli, L. Giommi, C. Grandi, L. Guiducci, S. Lo Meo, L. Lunerti, S. Marcellini, G. Masetti, F. L. Navarria, A. Perrotta, F. Primavera, A. M. Rossi, T. Rovelli, G. P. Siroli, S. Costa, A. Di Mattia, R. Potenza, A. Tricomi, C. Tuve, G. Barbagli, G. Bardelli, B. Camaiani, A. Cassese, R. Ceccarelli, V. Ciulli, C. Civinini, R. D’Alessandro, E. Focardi, G. Latino, P. Lenzi, M. Lizzo, M. Meschini, S. Paoletti, G. Sguazzoni, L. Viliani, L. Benussi, S. Bianco, S. Meola, D. Piccolo, M. Bozzo, P. Chatagnon, F. Ferro, E. Robutti, S. Tosi, A. Benaglia, G. Boldrini, F. Brivio, F. Cetorelli, F. De Guio, M. E. Dinardo, P. Dini, S. Gennai, A. Ghezzi, P. Govoni, L. Guzzi, M. T. Lucchini, M. Malberti, S. Malvezzi, A. Massironi, D. Menasce, L. Moroni, M. Paganoni, D. Pedrini, B. S. Pinolini, S. Ragazzi, N. Redaelli, T. Tabarelli de Fatis, D. Zuolo, S. Buontempo, A. Cagnotta, F. Carnevali, N. Cavallo, A. De Iorio, F. Fabozzi, A. O. M. Iorio, L. Lista, P. Paolucci, B. Rossi, C. Sciacca, R. Ardino, P. Azzi, N. Bacchetta, D. Bisello, P. Bortignon, A. Bragagnolo, R. Carlin, P. Checchia, T. Dorigo, F. Fanzago, F. Gasparini, U. Gasparini, G. Grosso, L. Layer, E. Lusiani, M. Margoni, A. T. Meneguzzo, J. Pazzini, P. Ronchese, F. Simonetto, G. Strong, M. Tosi, H. Yarar, M. Zanetti, P. Zotto, A. Zucchetta, G. Zumerle, S. Abu Zeid, C. Aimè, A. Braghieri, S. Calzaferri, D. Fiorina, P. Montagna, V. Re, C. Riccardi, P. Salvini, I. Vai, P. Vitulo, P. Asenov, G. M. Bilei, D. Ciangottini, L. Fanò, M. Magherini, G. Mantovani, V. Mariani, M. Menichelli, F. Moscatelli, A. Piccinelli, M. Presilla, A. Rossi, A. Santocchia, D. Spiga, T. Tedeschi, P. Azzurri, G. Bagliesi, V. Bertacchi, R. Bhattacharya, L. Bianchini, T. Boccali, E. Bossini, D. Bruschini, R. Castaldi, M. A. Ciocci, V. D’Amante, R. Dell’Orso, S. Donato, A. Giassi, F. Ligabue, D. Matos Figueiredo, A. Messineo, M. Musich, F. Palla, S. Parolia, G. Ramirez-Sanchez, A. Rizzi, G. Rolandi, S. Roy Chowdhury, T. Sarkar, A. Scribano, P. Spagnolo, R. Tenchini, G. Tonelli, N. Turini, A. Venturi, P. G. Verdini, P. Barria, M. Campana, F. Cavallari, L. Cunqueiro Mendez, D. Del Re, E. Di Marco, M. Diemoz, E. Longo, P. Meridiani, G. Organtini, F. Pandolfi, R. Paramatti, C. Quaranta, S. Rahatlou, C. 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Mahon, J. Mans, M. Revering, R. Rusack, R. Saradhy, N. Schroeder, N. Strobbe, M. A. Wadud, L. M. Cremaldi, K. Bloom, M. Bryson, D. R. Claes, C. Fangmeier, F. Golf, C. Joo, I. Kravchenko, I. Reed, J. E. Siado, G. R. Snow, W. Tabb, A. Wightman, F. Yan, A. G. Zecchinelli, G. Agarwal, H. Bandyopadhyay, L. Hay, I. Iashvili, A. Kharchilava, C. McLean, M. Morris, D. Nguyen, J. Pekkanen, S. Rappoccio, H. Rejeb Sfar, A. Williams, G. Alverson, E. Barberis, Y. Haddad, Y. Han, A. Krishna, J. Li, G. Madigan, B. Marzocchi, D. M. Morse, V. Nguyen, T. Orimoto, A. Parker, L. Skinnari, A. Tishelman-Charny, B. Wang, D. Wood, J. Bueghly, Z. Chen, A. Gilbert, K. A. Hahn, Y. Liu, D. G. Monk, N. Odell, M. H. Schmitt, A. Taliercio, M. Velasco, R. Band, R. Bucci, M. Cremonesi, A. Das, R. Goldouzian, M. Hildreth, K. Hurtado Anampa, C. Jessop, K. Lannon, J. Lawrence, N. Loukas, L. Lutton, J. Mariano, N. Marinelli, I. Mcalister, T. McCauley, C. Mcgrady, K. Mohrman, C. Moore, Y. Musienko, R. Ruchti, A. Townsend, M. Wayne, H. Yockey, M. Zarucki, L. Zygala, B. Bylsma, M. Carrigan, L. S. Durkin, C. Hill, M. Joyce, A. Lesauvage, M. Nunez Ornelas, K. Wei, B. L. Winer, B. R. Yates, F. M. Addesa, H. Bouchamaoui, P. Das, G. Dezoort, P. Elmer, A. Frankenthal, B. Greenberg, N. Haubrich, S. Higginbotham, G. Kopp, S. Kwan, D. Lange, A. Loeliger, D. Marlow, I. Ojalvo, J. Olsen, D. Stickland, C. Tully, A. S. Bakshi, V. E. Barnes, S. Chandra, R. Chawla, S. Das, A. Gu, L. Gutay, M. Jones, A. W. Jung, D. Kondratyev, A. M. Koshy, M. Liu, G. Negro, N. Neumeister, G. Paspalaki, S. Piperov, A. Purohit, J. F. Schulte, M. Stojanovic, J. Thieman, A. K. Virdi, F. Wang, R. Xiao, W. Xie, J. Dolen, N. Parashar, D. Acosta, A. Baty, T. Carnahan, S. Dildick, K. M. Ecklund, P. J. Fernández Manteca, S. Freed, P. Gardner, F. J. M. Geurts, W. Li, O. Miguel Colin, B. P. Padley, R. Redjimi, J. Rotter, E. Yigitbasi, A. Bodek, P. de Barbaro, R. Demina, J. L. Dulemba, C. Fallon, A. Garcia-Bellido, O. Hindrichs, A. Khukhunaishvili, P. Parygin, E. Popova, R. Taus, G. P. Van Onsem, K. Goulianos, B. Chiarito, J. P. Chou, Y. Gershtein, E. Halkiadakis, A. Hart, M. Heindl, D. Jaroslawski, O. Karacheban, I. Laflotte, A. Lath, R. Montalvo, K. Nash, M. Osherson, H. Routray, S. Salur, S. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, R. Stone, S. A. Thayil, S. Thomas, J. Vora, H. Wang, H. Acharya, A. G. Delannoy, S. Fiorendi, T. Holmes, E. Nibigira, S. Spanier, M. Ahmad, O. Bouhali, M. Dalchenko, A. Delgado, R. Eusebi, J. Gilmore, T. Huang, T. Kamon, S. Luo, S. Malhotra, R. Mueller, D. Overton, D. Rathjens, A. Safonov, N. Akchurin, J. Damgov, V. Hegde, K. Lamichhane, T. Mengke, S. Muthumuni, T. Peltola, I. Volobouev, A. Whitbeck, E. Appelt, S. Greene, A. Gurrola, W. Johns, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, A. Melo, F. Romeo, P. Sheldon, S. Tuo, J. Velkovska, J. Viinikainen, B. Cardwell, B. Cox, G. Cummings, J. Hakala, R. Hirosky, A. Ledovskoy, A. Li, C. Neu, C. E. Perez Lara, P. E. Karchin, A. Aravind, K. Black, T. Bose, S. Dasu, I. De Bruyn, P. Everaerts, C. Galloni, H. He, M. Herndon, A. Herve, C. K. Koraka, A. Lanaro, R. Loveless, J. Madhusudanan Sreekala, A. Mallampalli, A. Mohammadi, G. Parida, D. Pinna, A. Savin, V. Shang, W. H. Smith, D. Teague, H. F. Tsoi, W. Vetens, A. Warden, S. Afanasiev, V. Andreev, Yu. Andreev, T. Aushev, M. Azarkin, A. Babaev, V. Blinov, E. Boos, V. Borshch, D. Budkouski, M. Chadeeva, V. Chekhovsky, R. Chistov, A. Demiyanov, A. Dermenev, T. Dimova, I. Dremin, A. Ershov, G. Gavrilov, V. Gavrilov, S. Gninenko, V. Golovtcov, N. Golubev, I. Golutvin, I. Gorbunov, A. Gribushin, Y. Ivanov, V. Kachanov, L. Kardapoltsev, V. Karjavine, A. Karneyeu, L. Khein, V. Kim, M. Kirakosyan, D. Kirpichnikov, M. Kirsanov, O. Kodolova, D. Konstantinov, V. Korenkov, V. Korotkikh, A. Kozyrev, N. Krasnikov, A. Lanev, P. Levchenko, A. Litomin, N. Lychkovskaya, V. Makarenko, A. Malakhov, V. Matveev, V. Murzin, A. Nikitenko, S. Obraztsov, A. Oskin, I. Ovtin, V. Palichik, V. Perelygin, S. Petrushanko, S. Polikarpov, V. Popov, O. Radchenko, M. Savina, V. Savrin, V. Shalaev, S. Shmatov, S. Shulha, Y. Skovpen, S. Slabospitskii, V. Smirnov, A. Snigirev, D. Sosnov, V. Sulimov, E. Tcherniaev, A. Terkulov, O. Teryaev, I. Tlisova, A. Toropin, L. Uvarov, A. Uzunian, I. Vardanyan, A. Vorobyev, N. Voytishin, B. S. Yuldashev, A. Zarubin, I. Zhizhin, and A. Zhokin

Subjects
Heavy Ion Experiments, Particle Correlations and Fluctuations, Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Measurements of the charge-dependent two-particle angular correlation function in proton-lead (pPb) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of s NN $$ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} $$ = 8.16 TeV and lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at s NN $$ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} $$ = 5.02 TeV are reported. The pPb and PbPb data sets correspond to integrated luminosities of 186 nb −1 and 0.607 nb −1, respectively, and were collected using the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The charge-dependent correlations are characterized by balance functions of same- and opposite-sign particle pairs. The balance functions, which contain information about the creation time of charged particle pairs and the development of collectivity, are studied as functions of relative pseudorapidity (∆η) and relative azimuthal angle (∆ϕ), for various multiplicity and transverse momentum (p T) intervals. A multiplicity dependence of the balance function is observed in ∆η and ∆ϕ for both systems. The width of the balance functions decreases towards high-multiplicity collisions in the momentum region < 2 GeV, for pPb and PbPb results. Integrals of the balance functions are presented in both systems, and a mild dependence of the charge-balancing fractions on multiplicity is observed. No multiplicity dependence is observed at higher transverse momentum. The data are compared with hydjet, hijing, and ampt generator predictions, none of which capture completely the multiplicity dependence seen in the data. The comparison of results with different center-of-mass energies suggests that the balance functions become narrower at higher energies, which is consistent with the idea of delayed hadronization and the effect of radial flow.

Published
2024
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189. A new data science trajectory for analysing multiple studies: a case study in physical activity research

Author

Simone Catharina Maria Wilhelmina Tummers, Arjen Hommersom, Catherine Bolman, Lilian Lechner, and Roger Bemelmans

Subjects
DST trajectory for data science analysis of multiple studies, Science
Abstract

The analysis of complex mechanisms within population data, and within sub-populations, can be empowered by combining datasets, for example to gain more understanding of change processes of health-related behaviours. Because of the complexity of this kind of research, it is valuable to provide more specific guidelines for such analyses than given in standard data science methodologies. Thereto, we propose a generic procedure for applied data science research in which the data from multiple studies are included. Furthermore, we describe its steps and associated considerations in detail to guide other researchers. Moreover, we illustrate the application of the described steps in our proposed procedure (presented in the graphical abstract) by means of a case study, i.e., a physical activity (PA) intervention study, in which we provided new insights into PA change processes by analyzing an integrated dataset using Bayesian networks. The strengths of our proposed methodology are subsequently illustrated, by comparing this data science trajectories protocol to the classic CRISP-DM procedure. Finally, some possibilities to extend the methodology are discussed. – A detailed process description for multidisciplinary data science research on multiple studies. – Examples from a case study illustrate methodological key points.

Published
2025
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190. Towards Cooperative Flight Control Using Visual-Attention

Author

Yin, Lianhao, Chahine, Makram, Wang, Tsun-Hsuan, Seyde, Tim, Liu, Chao, Lechner, Mathias, Hasani, Ramin, and Rus, Daniela

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

The cooperation of a human pilot with an autonomous agent during flight control realizes parallel autonomy. We propose an air-guardian system that facilitates cooperation between a pilot with eye tracking and a parallel end-to-end neural control system. Our vision-based air-guardian system combines a causal continuous-depth neural network model with a cooperation layer to enable parallel autonomy between a pilot and a control system based on perceived differences in their attention profiles. The attention profiles for neural networks are obtained by computing the networks' saliency maps (feature importance) through the VisualBackProp algorithm, while the attention profiles for humans are either obtained by eye tracking of human pilots or saliency maps of networks trained to imitate human pilots. When the attention profile of the pilot and guardian agents align, the pilot makes control decisions. Otherwise, the air-guardian makes interventions and takes over the control of the aircraft. We show that our attention-based air-guardian system can balance the trade-off between its level of involvement in the flight and the pilot's expertise and attention. The guardian system is particularly effective in situations where the pilot was distracted due to information overload. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for navigating flight scenarios in simulation with a fixed-wing aircraft and on hardware with a quadrotor platform.

Published
2022

191. The finite sample performance of instrumental variable-based estimators of the Local Average Treatment Effect when controlling for covariates

Author

Bodory, Hugo, Huber, Martin, and Lechner, Michael

Subjects
Economics - Econometrics
Abstract

This paper investigates the finite sample performance of a range of parametric, semi-parametric, and non-parametric instrumental variable estimators when controlling for a fixed set of covariates to evaluate the local average treatment effect. Our simulation designs are based on empirical labor market data from the US and vary in several dimensions, including effect heterogeneity, instrument selectivity, instrument strength, outcome distribution, and sample size. Among the estimators and simulations considered, non-parametric estimation based on the random forest (a machine learner controlling for covariates in a data-driven way) performs competitive in terms of the average coverage rates of the (bootstrap-based) 95% confidence intervals, while also being relatively precise. Non-parametric kernel regression as well as certain versions of semi-parametric radius matching on the propensity score, pair matching on the covariates, and inverse probability weighting also have a decent coverage, but are less precise than the random forest-based method. In terms of the average root mean squared error of LATE estimation, kernel regression performs best, closely followed by the random forest method, which has the lowest average absolute bias.

Published
2022

192. Modular Structure and Inclusions of Twisted Araki-Woods Algebras

Author

da Silva, Ricardo Correa and Lechner, Gandalf

Subjects
Mathematics - Operator Algebras, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

In the general setting of twisted second quantization (including Bose/Fermi second quantization, $S$-symmetric Fock spaces, and full Fock spaces from free probability as special cases), von Neumann algebras on twisted Fock spaces are analyzed. These twisted Araki-Woods algebras $\mathcal{L}_{T}(H)$ depend on the twist operator $T$ and a standard subspace $H$ in the one-particle space. Under a compatibility assumption on $T$ and $H$, it is proven that the Fock vacuum is cyclic and separating for $\mathcal{L}_{T}(H)$ if and only if $T$ satisfies a standard subspace version of crossing symmetry and the Yang-Baxter equation (braid equation). In this case, the Tomita-Takesaki modular data are explicitly determined. Inclusions $\mathcal{L}_{T}(K)\subset\mathcal{L}_{T}(H)$ of twisted Araki-Woods algebras are analyzed in two cases: If the inclusion is half-sided modular and the twist satisfies a norm bound, it is shown to be singular. If the inclusion of underlying standard subspaces $K\subset H$ satisfies an $L^2$-nuclearity condition, $\mathcal{L}_{T}(K)\subset\mathcal{L}_{T}(H)$ has type III relative commutant for suitable twists $T$. Applications of these results to localization of observables in algebraic quantum field theory are discussed.

Published
2022
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193. Quantization-aware Interval Bound Propagation for Training Certifiably Robust Quantized Neural Networks

Author

Lechner, Mathias, Žikelić, Đorđe, Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Henzinger, Thomas A., and Rus, Daniela

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

We study the problem of training and certifying adversarially robust quantized neural networks (QNNs). Quantization is a technique for making neural networks more efficient by running them using low-bit integer arithmetic and is therefore commonly adopted in industry. Recent work has shown that floating-point neural networks that have been verified to be robust can become vulnerable to adversarial attacks after quantization, and certification of the quantized representation is necessary to guarantee robustness. In this work, we present quantization-aware interval bound propagation (QA-IBP), a novel method for training robust QNNs. Inspired by advances in robust learning of non-quantized networks, our training algorithm computes the gradient of an abstract representation of the actual network. Unlike existing approaches, our method can handle the discrete semantics of QNNs. Based on QA-IBP, we also develop a complete verification procedure for verifying the adversarial robustness of QNNs, which is guaranteed to terminate and produce a correct answer. Compared to existing approaches, the key advantage of our verification procedure is that it runs entirely on GPU or other accelerator devices. We demonstrate experimentally that our approach significantly outperforms existing methods and establish the new state-of-the-art for training and certifying the robustness of QNNs., Comment: Accepted at AAAI 2023

Published
2022

194. Low-depth Circuit Implementation of Parity Constraints for Quantum Optimization

Author

Unger, Josua, Messinger, Anette, Niehoff, Benjamin E., Fellner, Michael, and Lechner, Wolfgang

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We present a construction for circuits with low gate count and depth, implementing three- and four-body Pauli-Z product operators as they appear in the form of plaquette-shaped constraints in QAOA when using the parity mapping. The circuits can be implemented on any quantum device with nearest-neighbor connectivity on a square-lattice, using only one gate type and one orientation of two-qubit gates at a time. We find an upper bound for the circuit depth which is independent of the system size. The procedure is readily adjustable to hardware-specific restrictions, such as a minimum required spatial distance between simultaneously executed gates, or gates only being simultaneously executable within a subset of all the qubits, for example a single line., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures

Published
2022

195. Evidence for ground-state electron capture of $^{40}$K

Author

Hariasz, L., Stukel, M., Di Stefano, P. C. F., Rasco, B. C., Rykaczewski, K. P., Brewer, N. T., Stracener, D. W., Liu, Y., Gai, Z., Rouleau, C., Carter, J., Kostensalo, J., Suhonen, J., Davis, H., Lukosi, E. D., Goetz, K. C., Grzywacz, R. K., Mancuso, M., Petricca, F., Fijałkowska, A., Wolińska-Cichocka, M., Ninkovic, J., Lechner, P., Ickert, R. B., Morgan, L. E., Renne, P. R., and Yavin, I.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Potassium-40 is a widespread isotope whose radioactivity impacts estimated geological ages spanning billions of years, nuclear structure theory, and subatomic rare-event searches - including those for dark matter and neutrinoless double-beta decay. The decays of this long-lived isotope must be precisely known for its use as a geochronometer, and to account for its presence in low-background experiments. There are several known decay modes for $^{40}$K, but a predicted electron-capture decay directly to the ground state of argon-40 has never been observed, while theoretical predictions span an order of magnitude. The KDK Collaboration reports on the first observation of this rare decay, obtained using a novel combination of a low-threshold X-ray detector surrounded by a tonne-scale, high-efficiency $\gamma$-ray tagger at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A blinded analysis reveals a distinctly nonzero ratio of intensities of ground-state electron-captures ($I_{\text{EC}^0}$) over excited-state ones ($I_{\text{EC}^*}$) of $I_{\text{EC}^0} / I_{\text{EC}^*}=0.0095\stackrel{\text{stat}}{\pm}0.0022\stackrel{\text{sys}}{\pm}0.0010$ (68% CL), with the null hypothesis rejected at 4$\sigma$ [Stukel et al., DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.052503]. This unambiguous signal yields a branching ratio of $I_{\text{EC}^0}=0.098\%\stackrel{\text{stat}}{\pm}0.023\%\stackrel{\text{sys}}{\pm}0.010$, roughly half of the commonly used prediction. This first observation of a third-forbidden unique electron capture improves understanding of low-energy backgrounds in dark-matter searches and has implications for nuclear-structure calculations. A shell-model based theoretical estimate for the $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay half-life of calcium-48 is increased by a factor of $7^{+3}_{-2}$. Our nonzero measurement shifts geochronological ages by up to a percent; implications are illustrated for Earth and solar system chronologies., Comment: This is a companion submission to Stukel et al (KDK collaboration) "Rare $^{40}$K decay with implications for fundamental physics and geochronology" [arXiv:2211.10319; DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.052503]. As such, both texts share some figures and portions of text. This version updates the text following its review and production process

Published
2022
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196. Rare $^{40}$K decay with implications for fundamental physics and geochronology

Author

Stukel, M., Hariasz, L., Di Stefano, P. C. F., Rasco, B. C., Rykaczewski, K. P., Brewer, N. T., Stracener, D. W., Liu, Y., Gai, Z., Rouleau, C., Carter, J., Kostensalo, J., Suhonen, J., Davis, H., Lukosi, E. D., Goetz, K. C., Grzywacz, R. K., Mancuso, M., Petricca, F., Fijałkowska, A., Wolińska-Cichocka, M., Ninkovic, J., Lechner, P., Ickert, R. B., Morgan, L. E., Renne, P. R., and Yavin, I.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Potassium-40 is a widespread, naturally occurring isotope whose radioactivity impacts subatomic rare-event searches, nuclear structure theory, and estimated geological ages. A predicted electron-capture decay directly to the ground state of argon-40 has never been observed. The KDK (potassium decay) collaboration reports strong evidence of this rare decay mode. A blinded analysis reveals a non-zero ratio of intensities of ground-state electron-captures ($I_{\text{EC}^0}$) over excited-state ones ($I_\text{EC*}$) of $ I_{\text{EC}^0} / I_\text{EC*} = 0.0095 \stackrel{\text{stat}}{\pm} 0.0022 \stackrel{\text{sys}}{\pm} 0.0010 $ (68% C.L.), with the null hypothesis rejected at 4$\sigma$. In terms of branching ratio, this signal yields $I_{\text{EC}^0} = 0.098\% \stackrel{\text{stat}}{\pm} 0.023\% \stackrel{\text{sys}}{\pm} 0.010\% $, roughly half of the commonly used prediction, with consequences for various fields [L. Hariasz et al., companion paper, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.108.014327]., Comment: This is a companion paper to Hariasz et al (KDK collaboration) "Evidence for ground-state electron capture of ${}^{40}$K" [arXiv:2211.10343; DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.108.014327]. As such, both texts share some figures and portions of text. This version includes the journal DOI

Published
2022
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197. Efficient Regularized Proximal Quasi-Newton Methods for Large-Scale Nonconvex Composite Optimization Problems

Author

Kanzow, Christian and Lechner, Theresa

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control
Abstract

Optimization problems with composite functions consist of an objective function which is the sum of a smooth and a (convex) nonsmooth term. This particular structure is exploited by the class of proximal gradient methods and some of their generalizations like proximal Newton and quasi-Newton methods. In this paper, we propose a regularized proximal quasi-Newton method whose main features are: (a) the method is globally convergent to stationary points, (b) the globalization is controlled by a regularization parameter, no line search is required, (c) the method can be implemented very efficiently based on a simple observation which combines recent ideas for the computation of quasi-Newton proximity operators and compact representations of limited-memory quasi-Newton updates. Numerical examples for the solution of convex and nonconvex composite optimization problems indicate that the method outperforms several existing methods.

Published
2022

198. Rydberg blockade based parity quantum optimization

Author

Lanthaler, Martin, Dlaska, Clemens, Ender, Kilian, and Lechner, Wolfgang

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We present a scalable architecture for solving higher-order constrained binary optimization problems on current neutral-atom hardware operating in the Rydberg blockade regime. In particular, we formulate the recently developed parity encoding of arbitrary connected higher-order optimization problems as a maximum-weight independent set (\textsf{MWIS}) problem on disk graphs, that are directly encodable on such devices. Our architecture builds from small \textsf{MWIS} modules in a problem-independent way, crucial for practical scalability., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures

Published
2022
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199. Learning Provably Stabilizing Neural Controllers for Discrete-Time Stochastic Systems

Author

Ansaripour, Matin, Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Henzinger, Thomas A., Lechner, Mathias, and Žikelić, Đorđe

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

We consider the problem of learning control policies in discrete-time stochastic systems which guarantee that the system stabilizes within some specified stabilization region with probability~$1$. Our approach is based on the novel notion of stabilizing ranking supermartingales (sRSMs) that we introduce in this work. Our sRSMs overcome the limitation of methods proposed in previous works whose applicability is restricted to systems in which the stabilizing region cannot be left once entered under any control policy. We present a learning procedure that learns a control policy together with an sRSM that formally certifies probability~$1$ stability, both learned as neural networks. We show that this procedure can also be adapted to formally verifying that, under a given Lipschitz continuous control policy, the stochastic system stabilizes within some stabilizing region with probability~$1$. Our experimental evaluation shows that our learning procedure can successfully learn provably stabilizing policies in practice., Comment: Accepted at ATVA 2023. Follow-up work of arXiv:2112.09495

Published
2022

200. Learning Control Policies for Stochastic Systems with Reach-avoid Guarantees

Author

Žikelić, Đorđe, Lechner, Mathias, Henzinger, Thomas A., and Chatterjee, Krishnendu

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

We study the problem of learning controllers for discrete-time non-linear stochastic dynamical systems with formal reach-avoid guarantees. This work presents the first method for providing formal reach-avoid guarantees, which combine and generalize stability and safety guarantees, with a tolerable probability threshold $p\in[0,1]$ over the infinite time horizon. Our method leverages advances in machine learning literature and it represents formal certificates as neural networks. In particular, we learn a certificate in the form of a reach-avoid supermartingale (RASM), a novel notion that we introduce in this work. Our RASMs provide reachability and avoidance guarantees by imposing constraints on what can be viewed as a stochastic extension of level sets of Lyapunov functions for deterministic systems. Our approach solves several important problems -- it can be used to learn a control policy from scratch, to verify a reach-avoid specification for a fixed control policy, or to fine-tune a pre-trained policy if it does not satisfy the reach-avoid specification. We validate our approach on $3$ stochastic non-linear reinforcement learning tasks., Comment: Accepted at AAAI 2023

Published
2022

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