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In order to improve the effectiveness of texture mapping, this paper proposed a constraint texture mapping method based on the evaluation value to determine which object function to select. This algorithm computes evaluation value of internal vertices of every triangular block after the feature points triangulation in the parameter plane. The objective functions are not suited for any triangles. For these trangles,a triangulation iteratively was conducted. Experiments show that this algorithm is dropped an average more than 75% of the time than the classical algorithm. The model of this algorithm is loaded into the real-time rendering system with high frame frequency. Experiments show that the algorithm has good robustness, and repeated experiments show that the proposed algorithm can maintain good texture validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1D/2D CdS-Ti 3 C 2 T x photocatalyst has been synthesized via a facile electrostatic self-assembly approach for application toward photoredox coupling selective ethanol conversion and H 2 evolution under acidic conditions, in which Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene plays multi-roles in enhancing the photocatalytic performance of the binary composites. • 1D/2D CdS-Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene composite is prepared via one-step electrostatic self-assembly. • CdS-Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene is applied to photoredox coupling bioethanol conversion and H 2 evolution. • CH(OH)CH 3 is proved to be the pivotal radical species during photocatalytic process. • Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene plays multi-roles in enhancing photocatalytic performance of binary composites. Exploiting solar energy to photocatalyze integrated selective conversion of bioethanol into fine chemicals and hydrogen (H 2) is a promising avenue in response to current energy and environmental crises. Herein, we have reported the mild synthesis of a binary heterostructure of CdS-Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene (CdS-MX) combining one-dimensional (1D) CdS nanowires (NWs) with two-dimensional (2D) MXene structure, and its application in photocatalytic coupling redox reaction of H 2 evolution and selective conversion of bioethanol into 1,1-diethoxyethane (DEE) under acidic conditions. The results reveal that the synergistic effect of the intimate interfacial contact and matched energy level alignment between electrically conductive 2D MXene and semiconductor 1D CdS NWs benefits the separation and migration of charge carriers. Furthermore, CH(OH)CH 3 has been proven to be the pivotal radical intermediate during photoredox process. This work is anticipated to stimulate further interest on rational construction of MXene-semiconductor based composites toward photoredox coupling organic synthesis and H 2 evolution in a sustainable manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) project have adopted commercial pan-cancer cell line models to identify drug sensitivity biomarkers. However, drug sensitivity biomarkers in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have not been widely explored. Here, eight patient-derived cell lines (PDCs) are successfully established from 123 patients with ESCC. The mutation profiling of PDCs can partially recapture the tumor tissue actionable mutations from 161 patients with ESCC. Based on these mutations and relative pathways in eight PDCs, 46 targeted drugs are selected for screening. Interestingly, some drug and biomarker relationships are established that were not discovered in the CCLE project. For example, CDKN2A or CDKN2B loss is significantly associated with the sensitivity of CDK4/6 inhibitors. Furthermore, both PDC xenografts and patient-derived xenografts confirm CDKN2A/2B loss as a biomarker predictive of CDK4/6 inhibitor sensitivity. Collectively, patient-derived models could predict targeted drug sensitivity associated with actionable mutations in ESCC. Predicting the drug response of patients with cancer is crucial for implementing targeted therapy. Here, Su et al. make patient-derived cell lines and perform targeted sequencing and RNA-seq to identify CDKN2A/2B loss as a predictor of response to CDK4/6 inhibitors in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar‐driven syngas production by CO2 reduction provides a sustainable strategy to produce renewable feedstocks. However, this promising reaction often suffers from tough CO2 activation, sluggish oxidative half‐reaction kinetics and undesired by‐products. Herein, we report a function‐oriented strategy of deliberately constructing black phosphorus quantum dots‐ZnIn2S4 (BP/ZIS) heterostructures for solar‐driven CO2 reduction to syngas, paired with selectively oxidative C−N bond formation, in one redox cycle. The optimal BP/ZIS heterostructure features the enhanced charge‐carrier separation and enriched active sites for cooperatively photocatalytic syngas production with a tunable ratio of CO/H2 and efficient oxidation of amines to imines with high conversion and selectivity. This prominent catalytic performance arises from the efficient electronic coupling between black phosphorus quantum dots and ZnIn2S4, as well as the optimized adsorption strength for key reaction intermediates, as supported by both experimental and theoretical investigations. We also demonstrate a synergistic interplay between CO2 reduction and amine dehydrogenation oxidation, rather than simply collecting these two single half‐reactions in this dual‐functional photoredox system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmentally switched superwetting surfaces that can be used for separating various oil/water mixtures are of particular interest due to the increasing difficulty and complexity in oily wastewater treatment. Here, a novel fluorine-free pH-responsive coating is prepared by surface modification of SiO 2 nanoparticles with dimethyloctadecyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ammonium chloride and (N, N-dimethyl-3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane. With the assistance of polyethylene imine as a binder, such coating can be used for different porous substrates, e. g. cotton fabric and filter paper, to develop separation materials having tunable superhydrophilicity/superhydrophobicity and high antibacterial property. Due to the well-controlled surface wettability upon the pH variation, the as-prepared materials can effectively separate various types of oil/water mixtures with efficiency higher than 99.9%, including the layered oil/water mixture, water-in-oil emulsions and oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by different types of surfactants. Additionally, the materials can resist strong acid/base solutions and various organic solvents as well as 50-cycle mechanical abrasion and 120-cycle tape-peeling without losing anti-wetting performance. Featuring the tunable surface wettability, chemical/mechanical robustness, and antibacterial activity, such coating holds promising applications for treating various oil/water mixtures in harsh and biological-contamination conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postovulatory aging leads to the decline in oocyte quality and subsequent impairment of embryonic development, thereby reducing the success rate of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Potential preventative strategies preventing oocytes from aging and the associated underlying mechanisms warrant investigation. In this study, we identified that cordycepin, a natural nucleoside analogue, promoted the quality of oocytes aging in vitro, as indicated by reduced oocyte fragmentation, improved spindle/chromosomes morphology and mitochondrial function, as well as increased embryonic developmental competence. Proteomic and RNA sequencing analyses revealed that cordycepin inhibited the degradation of several crucial maternal proteins and mRNAs caused by aging. Strikingly, cordycepin was found to suppress the elevation of DCP1A protein by inhibiting polyadenylation during postovulatory aging, consequently impeding the decapping of maternal mRNAs. In humans, the increased degradation of DCP1A and total mRNA during postovulatory aging was also inhibited by cordycepin. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that cordycepin prevents postovulatory aging of mammalian oocytes by inhibition of maternal mRNAs degradation via suppressing polyadenylation of DCP1A mRNA, thereby promoting oocyte developmental competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ubiquity of solid–liquid interfaces in nature and the significant role of their atomic-scale structure in determining interfacial properties have led to intensive research. Particularly in electrocatalysis, however, a molecular-level picture that clearly describes the dynamic interfacial structures and organizations with their correlation to preferred reaction pathways in electrochemical reactions remains poorly understood. In this review, CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR) is spatially and temporally understood as a result of intricate interactions at the interface, in which the interfacial features are highly relevant. We start with the discussion of current understandings and model development associated with the charged electrochemical interface as well as its dynamic landscape. We further highlight the interactive dynamics from the interfacial field, catalyst surface charges and various gradients in electrolyte and interfacial water structures at interfaces under CO2RR working conditions, with emphasis on the interfacial-structure dependence of catalytic reactivity/selectivity. Significantly, a probing energy-dependent "in situ characterization map" for dynamic interfaces based on various complementary in situ/operando techniques is proposed, aiming to present a comprehensive picture of interfacial electrocatalysis and to provide a more unified research framework. Moreover, recent milestones in both experimental and theoretical aspects to establish the correct profile of electrochemical interfaces are stressed. Finally, we present key scientific challenges with related perspectives toward future opportunities for this exciting frontier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The global delay in women's reproductive age has raised concerns about age-related infertility. The decline in oocyte quality is a limiting factor of female fertility, yet there are currently no strategies to preserve oocyte quality in aged women. Here, we investigated the effects of growth hormone (GH) supplementation on aneuploidy of aged oocytes. Methods: For the in vivo experiments, the aged mice (8-month-old) were intraperitoneally injected with GH daily for 8 weeks. For the in vitro experiments, germinal vesicle oocytes from aged mice were treated with GH during oocyte maturation. The impacts of GH on ovarian reserve before superovulation was evaluated. Oocytes were retrieved to assess oocyte quality, aneuploidy and developmental potential characteristics. Quantitative proteomics analysis was applied to investigate the potential targets of GH in aged oocytes. Results: In this study, we demonstrated that GH supplementation in vivo not only alleviated the decline in oocyte number caused by aging, but also improved the quality and developmental potential of aged oocytes. Strikingly, we discovered that GH supplementation reduced aneuploidy in aged oocytes. Mechanically, in addition to improving mitochondrial function, our proteomic analysis indicated that the MAPK3/1 pathway may be involved in the reduction in aneuploidy of aged oocytes, as confirmed both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, JAK2 may also act as a mediator in how GH regulates MAPK3/1. Conclusions: In conclusion, our research reveals that GH supplementation protects oocytes against aging-related aneuploidy and enhances the quality of aged oocytes, which has clinical significance for aged women undergoing assisted reproduction technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Points: Question: Is dual antiplatelet therapy noninferior to intravenous thrombolysis in patients with minor nondisabling acute ischemic stroke? Findings: In this noninferiority randomized clinical trial that included 760 participants, excellent neurologic function at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale score of 0 or 1) occurred in 93.8% of those randomized to receive dual antiplatelet therapy and 91.4% of those randomized to receive intravenous alteplase, a difference greater than the prespecified noninferiority margin of −4.5%. Meaning: Among patients with minor nondisabling acute ischemic stroke, dual antiplatelet therapy, compared with intravenous alteplase, met the criteria for noninferiority with regard to excellent functional outcome at 90 days. Importance: Intravenous thrombolysis is increasingly used in patients with minor stroke, but its benefit in patients with minor nondisabling stroke is unknown. Objective: To investigate whether dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is noninferior to intravenous thrombolysis among patients with minor nondisabling acute ischemic stroke. Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter, open-label, blinded end point, noninferiority randomized clinical trial included 760 patients with acute minor nondisabling stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score ≤5, with ≤1 point on the NIHSS in several key single-item scores; scale range, 0-42). The trial was conducted at 38 hospitals in China from October 2018 through April 2022. The final follow-up was on July 18, 2022. Interventions: Eligible patients were randomized within 4.5 hours of symptom onset to the DAPT group (n = 393), who received 300 mg of clopidogrel on the first day followed by 75 mg daily for 12 (±2) days, 100 mg of aspirin on the first day followed by 100 mg daily for 12 (±2) days, and guideline-based antiplatelet treatment until 90 days, or the alteplase group (n = 367), who received intravenous alteplase (0.9 mg/kg; maximum dose, 90 mg) followed by guideline-based antiplatelet treatment beginning 24 hours after receipt of alteplase. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was excellent functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 or 1 (range, 0-6), at 90 days. The noninferiority of DAPT to alteplase was defined on the basis of a lower boundary of the 1-sided 97.5% CI of the risk difference greater than or equal to −4.5% (noninferiority margin) based on a full analysis set, which included all randomized participants with at least 1 efficacy evaluation, regardless of treatment group. The 90-day end points were assessed in a blinded manner. A safety end point was symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage up to 90 days. Results: Among 760 eligible randomized patients (median [IQR] age, 64 [57-71] years; 223 [31.0%] women; median [IQR] NIHSS score, 2 [1-3]), 719 (94.6%) completed the trial. At 90 days, 93.8% of patients (346/369) in the DAPT group and 91.4% (320/350) in the alteplase group had an excellent functional outcome (risk difference, 2.3% [95% CI, −1.5% to 6.2%]; crude relative risk, 1.38 [95% CI, 0.81-2.32]). The unadjusted lower limit of the 1-sided 97.5% CI was −1.5%, which is larger than the −4.5% noninferiority margin (P for noninferiority <.001). Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage at 90 days occurred in 1 of 371 participants (0.3%) in the DAPT group and 3 of 351 (0.9%) in the alteplase group. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with minor nondisabling acute ischemic stroke presenting within 4.5 hours of symptom onset, DAPT was noninferior to intravenous alteplase with regard to excellent functional outcome at 90 days. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03661411 This randomized trial examines whether dual antiplatelet therapy is noninferior to intravenous thrombolysis among patients with minor nondisabling acute ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A critical challenge for initiating many applications of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is their dispersion in organic solvent or in polymer melt. In the present study, we described a novel strategy for fabricating carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-reinforced epoxy nanocomposite by utilizing aniline trimer (AT) as the noncovalent dispersant. Tensile testing showed that the tensile modulus of the CNTs-reinforced epoxy composites was considerably improved by adding a small amount of AT functionalized CNTs. Additionally, the as-prepared CNTs-epoxy nanocomposites exhibited superior tribological properties with much lower frictional coefficients and wear rates compared to those of neat epoxy resin. The well dispersed AT-functionalized CNTs in epoxy matrix played an important role in enhancing the mechanical properties, as well as acting as a solid lubricant for improving the tribological performance of epoxy/CNTs nanocomposite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neospora caninum infection is a major cause of abortion in cattle, which results in serious economic losses to the cattle industry. However, there are no effective drugs or vaccines for the control of N. caninum infections. There is increasing evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in many physiological and pathological processes, and dysregulated expression of host miRNAs and the biological implications of this have been reported for infections by various protozoan parasites. However, to our knowledge, there is presently no published information on host miRNA expression during N. caninum infection. Methods: The expression profiles of miRNAs were investigated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in caprine endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) infected with N. caninum at 24 h post infection (pi) and 48 hpi, and the functions of differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were predicted by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. The transcriptome data were validated by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. One of the upregulated DEmiRNAs, namely chi-miR-146a, was selected to study the effect of DEmiRNAs on the propagation of N. caninum tachyzoites in caprine EECs. Results: RNA-seq showed 18 (17 up- and one downregulated) and 79 (54 up- and 25 downregulated) DEmiRNAs at 24 hpi and 48 hpi, respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of 13 randomly selected DEmiRNAs (10 up- and three downregulated miRNAs) confirmed the validity of the RNA-seq data. A total of 7835 messenger RNAs were predicted to be potential targets for 66 DEmiRNAs, and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these predicted targets revealed that DEmiRNAs altered by N. caninum infection may be involved in host immune responses (e.g. Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway) and metabolic pathways (e.g. lysine degradation, insulin signaling pathway, AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway). Upregulated chi-miR-146a was found to promote N. caninum propagation in caprine EECs. Conclusions: This is, to our knowledge, the first report on the expression profiles of host miRNAs during infection with N. caninum, and shows that chi-miR-146a may promote N. caninum propagation in host cells. The novel findings of the present study should help to elucidate the interactions between host cells and N. caninum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Using a rat model of hyperinsulinemia, the present study investigated the role of p-ERK1/2 in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Materials and Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly selected and assigned to four groups: high fat diet (HFD)+BPH (n=10), HFD (n=10), BPH (n=10), and control (n=10) groups. Hyperinsulinemia was induced by HFD feeding, while BPH was induced using testosterone propionate. Plasma glucose, plasma insulin and bodyweight were examined weekly. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis were used to analyze the expression of ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 in rat prostates.Results: Plasma glucose and plasma insulin levels were significantly greater in the HFD+BPH and HFD groups, when compared to the other two groups (P<0.05). Prostate weights were significantly greater in the HFD+BPH, HFD and BPH groups, than in the control group (P<0.05). IHC and western blot analysis revealed that p-ERK1/2 expression was greater in the HFD+BPH group than in the other three groups (P<0.05).Conclusion: Androgens plus a hyperinsulinemic condition induced by HFD can result in prostatic cell hyperplasia, and this mechanism may be correlated to the upregulation of p-ERK1/2. Further investigations of this possibility are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cu doped semiconductor CdS quantum dots (Cu:CdS QDs) are synthesized. • Coupling of CO 2 reduction and amines oxidation is realized in one photoredox cycle. • The catalytic mechanism is unveiled for this dual-functional photoredox system. Solar-driven carbon dioxide (CO 2) reduction integrated with selective organic synthesis proposes a sustainable paradigm to achieve carbon neutrality concomitantly with value-added fuels and chemicals production. Here, we report the synergistic coupling reaction of CO 2 reduction and amines oxidation to syngas and secondary amines over Cu doped CdS quantum dots (Cu:CdS QDs) under visible light. This system is compatible with various amines to afford the corresponding secondary amines with outstanding selectivity. Notably, the syngas CO/H 2 ratio can be obtained in a window from 1:2 to 2:1 by altering the Cu doping content. Mechanistic studies unveil that doped Cu not only improves the charge separation efficiency, but also serves as active sites for the adsorption/activation of CO 2 , thus adjusting the syngas ratio. This work is envisaged to enable a viable strategy for the rational design of transition metal-doped semiconductor QDs toward the co-production of syngas and high-value chemicals in one photoredox cycle. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noble-metal-free CdS@CuS-Ni x P core-shell ternary heterostructure photocatalyst has been constructed by a facile route of cation exchange in conjunction with the photochemical reduction method. The synergistic effect of modulated charge separation and the addition of active sites over CdS@CuS-Ni x P lead to the markedly boosted photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. • Noble metal free, 1D CdS@CuS-Ni x P (CCN) core-shell composite photocatalyst is prepared. • 1D CCN nanowires (NWs) exhibit enhanced photoactivity for hydrogen evolution. • A probable three-level charge transfer pathways over the CCN NWs is proposed. • This cocatalyst strategy can be extended to other transition metal phosphide. Constructing low-cost and highly active photocatalysts is extremely desirable for converting solar energy into chemical fuels. Herein, we report a one-dimensional (1D) CdS@CuS-Ni x P (CCN) core-shell heterostructure catalyst for effective photocatalytic hydrogen (H 2) evolution with modulated charge transfer, which exhibits remarkably higher activity than bare CdS nanowires (NWs). The evenly distributed and closely contacted CdS@CuS (CC) heteroepitaxial nanomaterial constructs a type-I heterostructure for improved photoinduced charge carrier separation. The Ni x P nanoparticles (NPs), which act as a cocatalyst, not only contribute to constructing three-level charge transfer by capturing the photogenerated electrons, but also provide active sites for proton reduction. In addition, the cocatalyst strategy reported here can be extended to other transition metal phosphide (TMP). Mechanistic studies suggest that the cooperative synergy of three-level charge transfer and introduction of reaction sites results in a significant enhancement of photoactivity for H 2 evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. from Ambrosia of the Heliantheae of the Asteraceae family is a recognized harmful weed worldwide and one of the major invasive foreign plants in China. In this study, we investigated its reproductive features, focusing on its microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, and pollen morphology. The results show that (1) Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. is a dicotyledonous plant and has spherical, tricolpate pollen grains with spiny outer wall; (2) its anther wall comprises four layers, namely epidermis, endothecium, middle layers, and amoeboid tapetum; (3) cytokinesis of microspore mother cells is successive; (4) most of tetrads are tetrahedral; and (5) mature pollen grains are three-celled. In conclusion, although Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. is a dicotyledonous plant with tricolpate pollen, its microsporogenesis is successive, which is different from typical dicots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient visible light nitrogen fixation is realized by transition metal doped BiOBr nanosheets with oxygen vacancy and exposed {102} facet, which is due to the synergy of metal doping and oxygen vacancy contributing to effective N 2 adsorption and activation. • Transition metal (Fe, Mo and Ni)-doped BiOBr with {102} facets are prepared. • Surface oxygen vacancy (OV) is introduced on BiOBr to expose internal metal dopants. • The synergy of metal doping and OVs improves N 2 adsorption/activation. • The modified BiOBr shows enhanced photoactivity for N 2 reduction to NH 3. Artificial photocatalytic N 2 reduction to NH 3 under ambient conditions represents a promising alternative way for the industrial N 2 fixation by Haber − Bosch process. This work reports the simultaneous engineering of BiOBr nanosheets with exposed {102} facets by means of transition metal (Fe, Mo, Ni) doping and oxygen vacancies (OVs) that aid to expose internal metal dopants toward efficient visible light N 2 fixation. The synergy of transition metal doping and OVs results in the modulated band structures, improved charge carrier separation as well as electron transfer to N 2 , thereby leading to enhanced N 2 adsorption and activation ability over modified BiOBr nanosheets. In particular, the Fe-doped BiOBr with OVs possesses the optimal photocatalytic activity of NH 3 yield of 46.1 μmol g–1 h–1 without any sacrificial agent, which is 6-fold that of pristine BiOBr. The findings will shed new light on rational engineering of adsorption, activation sites and charge carrier separation for designing efficient N 2 fixation photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A binary nickel surface-modified ZnIn 2 S 4 (Ni:ZIS) composite has been synthesized via photochemical reduction approach. The synergy of improved photogenerated charge transfer behavior and Ni-assisted α-H abstraction leads to the boosted photocatalytic performance of Ni:ZIS for product-oriented alcohol oxidation integrated with hydrogen evolution. • Nickel surface modified ZnIn 2 S 4 (Ni:ZIS) composites are synthesized. • The Ni:ZIS composites exhibit enhanced photoactivity for photoredox reaction. • Ni-assisted α-H abstraction tunes the selectivity of benzyl alcohol (BA) conversion. • A tentative photocatalytic BA conversion mechanism over the Ni:ZIS composites is proposed. The photocatalytic coupling reaction can be conducted in one pot to realize the simultaneous utilization of electrons and holes, thereby obtaining value-added fine chemicals and fuels. Herein, we report a binary nickel modified ZnIn 2 S 4 (Ni:ZIS) for highly efficient photocatalytic selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BA) to benzaldehyde (BAD) integrated with hydrogen (H 2) evolution, in which Ni can promote photogenerated charge transfer for enhancing photoactivity. Particularly, the products of converting BA to aromatic compounds over blank ZnIn 2 S 4 (ZIS) and Ni:ZIS show a marked difference under the same reaction conditions. Hydrobenzoin (HB) is the primary product over blank ZIS. After the introduction of Ni, the formation of HB is dramatically suppressed, resulting in higher selectivity of BAD, because the introduction of Ni facilitates the α-H abstraction. In addition, an analogous phenomenon has been observed on Ni-based compounds modified ZIS, such as Ni x P and NiS. It is hoped that this work would provide a feasible paradigm for modifying the surface of photocatalysts to tune the selectivity of product-oriented alcohols oxidation coupled with H 2 evolution in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel CHCHD2 mutations causing C-terminal truncation and interrupted CHCHD2 protein stability in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients were previously found. However, there is limited understanding of the underlying mechanism and impact of subsequent CHCHD2 loss-of-function on PD pathogenesis. The current study further identified the crucial motif (aa125-133) responsible for diminished CHCHD2 expression and the molecular interplay within the C1QBP/CHCHD2/CHCHD10 complex to regulate mitochondrial functions. Specifically, CHCHD2 deficiency led to decreased neural cell viability and mitochondrial structural and functional impairments, paralleling the upregulation of autophagy under cellular stresses. Meanwhile, as a binding partner of CHCHD2, C1QBP was found to regulate the stability of CHCHD2 and CHCHD10 proteins to maintain the integrity of the C1QBP/CHCHD2/CHCHD10 complex. Moreover, C1QBP-silenced neural cells displayed severe cell death phenotype along with mitochondrial damage that initiated a significant mitophagy process. Taken together, the evidence obtained from our in vitro and in vivo studies emphasized the critical role of CHCHD2 in regulating mitochondria functions via coordination among CHCHD2, CHCHD10, and C1QBP, suggesting the potential mechanism by which CHCHD2 function loss takes part in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Molecular pharmacognosy as an emerging interdisciplinary subject based on molecular biology and Chinese materia medica aims to study the synthesis and molecular regulation of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Andrographis Herba, the dried aboveground part of Andrographis paniculata, has liver-protecting, bile secretion-promoting, heat-clearing, toxin-removing, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. The quality instability caused by plant varieties, environment, and technology in the production of A. paniculata is a limiting factor for the sustainable development of this industry. Based on the research methods of molecular pharmacognosy and omics, the regulation of secondary metabolites of A. paniculata has become the key solution to the quality problems of A. paniculata. This paper summarized the recent research achievements in the molecular pharmacognosy of A. paniculata, including molecular identification of the resources, genetic diversity, multi-omics, biosynthesis of active compounds, and germplasm resource innovation, and prospected the future development trend in this field. In-depth research of molecular pharmacognosy of A. paniculata will provide more scientific and effective technical support for the development of its medicinal value, give new insights into the cultivation of new A. paniculata varieties, and promote the high-quality sustainable development of this industry.

Failure of oocyte activation, including polyspermy and defects in pronuclear (PN) formation, triggers early embryonic developmental arrest. Many studies have shown that phospholipase C zeta 1 ( PLCZ1 ) mutations cause failure of PN formation following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI); however, whether PLCZ1 mutation is associated with polyspermy during in vitro fertilization (IVF) remains unknown. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify candidate mutations in couples with primary infertility. Sanger sequencing was used to validate the mutations. Multiple PLCZ1 -mutated sperm were injected into human and mouse oocytes to explore whether PN formation was induced. Assisted oocyte activation (AOA) after ICSI was performed to overcome the failure of oocyte activation. We identified three PLCZ1 mutations in three patients who experienced polyspermy during IVF cycles, including a novel missense mutation c.1154C>T, p.R385Q. PN formation failure was observed during the ICSI cycle. However, injection of multiple PLCZ1- mutated sperm induced PN formation, suggesting that the Ca 2+ oscillations induced by the sperm exceeded the necessary threshold for PN formation. AOA after ICSI enabled normal fertilization, and all patients achieved successful pregnancies. These findings expand the mutational spectrum of PLCZ1 and suggest an important role for PLCZ1 in terms of blocking polyspermy. Furthermore, this study may benefit genetic diagnoses in cases of abnormal fertilization and provide potential appropriate therapeutic measures for these patients with sperm-derived polyspermy., (Copyright © 2024 Copyright: ©The Author(s)(2024).)

Andrographis paniculata is an important medicinal plant in the Lingnan region of China, which has the functions of clearing heat, removing toxins, and resisting bacteria and inflammation. The TCP gene family is a class of transcription factors that regulate plant growth, development, and stress response. In order to analysis the role of the TCP gene family under abiotic stress in A. paniculata, this study identified the TCP gene family of A. paniculata at the genome-wide level and analyzed its expression pattern in response to abiotic stress. The results showed that the A. paniculata TCP gene family had 23 members, with length of amino acid ranging from 136 to 508, the relative molecular mass between 14 854.71 and 55 944.90 kDa, and the isoelectric point between 5.67 and 10.39. All members were located in the nucleus and unevenly distributed on 13 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis classified them into three subfamilies: PCF, CIN and CYC/TB1. Gene structure and conserved motif analysis showed that most members of the TCP gene family contained motif 1, motif 2, motif 3 in the same order and 1-3 CDS. The analysis of promoter cis-acting elements showed that the transcriptional expression of the TCP gene family in A. paniculata might be induced by light, hormones, and adversity stress. In light of the expression pattern analysis and qRT-PCR verification, the expression of ApTCP4, ApTCP5, ApTCP6, and ApTCP11 involved in response by various abiotic stresses such as drought, high temperature, and MeJA. This study lays the foundation for in-depth exploration of the functions of A. paniculata TCP genes in response to abiotic stress.