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Among the various anodes, Li3VO4 is a potential intercalation kind anode used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) that exhibits safer discharge voltage and higher capacity than graphite, a lower voltage plateau than Li4Ti5O12, and smaller volume difference in the Li+ intercalation/deintercalation process than metals and alloys. However, the comparatively low electronic conductivity, low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and serious capacity decay make the Li3VO4 anode unviable when it comes to practical implementation. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of Li3VO4 in recent years, mainly including the strategies of developing different synthesis methods to construct unique morphology, through coating, compositing or elemental doping to increase the ICE, electronic conductivity and the cycle constancy. Moreover, the application of Li3VO4 anode materials in other energy storage systems is summarized. Lastly, the development prospect and challenge of Li3VO4 anodes are discussed.

Executives’ status is increasingly recognized as an important factor in firms’ decision-making, while the way executives’ perception of their status influences firms’ strategy is underexplored. Bui...

Further application of organic quinone cathodes is restricted because they are inherent in poor conductivity and tend to dissolve in aprotic electrolytes. Salinization can work on the strong solubility of quinones. Herein, the ortho-disodium salt of tetrahydroxyquinone (o-Na2THBQ) was selected to promote the electrochemical properties of tetrahydroxyquinone (THBQ). Reduced dissolution of o-Na2THBQ in electrolyte after salinization (replacement of two H with two Na) contributed to enhanced electrochemical performance. In sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) in ester-based electrolyte, o-Na2THBQ cathodes at 50 mA·g−1 exhibited a reversible discharge capacity of 107 mAh·g−1 after 200 cycles. Ulteriorly, in ether-based electrolyte, reversible discharge capacities of 200.4, 102.2, 99.5 and 88 mAh·g−1 were obtained at 800, 1600, 3200 and 4800 mA·g−1 after 1000, 2000, 5000 and 8000 cycles, respectively. The ultraviolet absorption spectra and ex situ dissolution experiments of THBQ and o-Na2THBQ showed that o-Na2THBQ hardly dissolved in ether-based electrolyte. In lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), graphene was selected to further enhance the conductivity of o-Na2THBQ. At 50 mA·g−1, o-Na2THBQ and o-Na2THBQ/Gr cathodes exhibited reversible discharge capacities of 124 and 131.5 mAh·g−1 after 200 cycles in ester-based electrolyte, respectively. At 50 mA·g−1, PTPAn/o-Na2THBQ electrodes in an all-organic Na/Li-ion battery showed reversible charge/discharge capacities of 51/50.3 and 33.8/33.1 mAh·g−1 after 200 cycles.

BackgroundSeveral TRK inhibitors have demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with solid tumors harboring NTRK gene fusions. However, the natural history and prognostic implications of NTRK fusions in solid tumors remain unknown.MethodsA cohort of 77 MD Anderson Cancer Center patients (MDACC) with NTRK gene fusions was identified and retrospectively compared to a second cohort from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Due to paucity of events in early stage cancers and lack of TCGA data in rare tumors, 25 randomly selected MDACC patients were matched to 122 TCGA patients without NTRK gene fusion. Next we assessed the associations between NTRK gene fusion and overall (OS) and progression-free survivals (PFS).ResultsAmong the 77 MDACC patients with NTRK gene fusions, 18 NTRK fusion partners were identified. There were insufficient OS events for analysis in the matched cohort. PFS was not significantly different (p=0.49) between the NTRK-fusion positive MDACC patients (median PFS 786 weeks, 95% CI 317-NE) and the NTRK-fusion negative TCGA patients (median PFS NE). The adjusted hazard ratio comparing TCGA patients to MDACC patients was HR=0.72 (95% CI: 0.23-2.33), which trended towards a reduced rate of progression or death experienced by TCGA patients.ConclusionsThis study did not identify statistically significant associations between NTRK fusion and PFS. Nonsignificant trends estimated increases in the risk of progression or death events for patients with NTRK fusions when compared to matched controls. Our findings help illuminate the influence of NTRK fusions on the natural history of a variety of solid tumors.

A new flexible aromatic polymer sulfonated polybenzothiazole (sPBT-SE) with sulphone and ether units is reported as an advanced cathode material for storing Na+, which delivers a high discharge capacity of 103 mA h g−1 after 350 cycles at 30 mA g−1.

Mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN), sodium hyaluronate (SH), silk fibroin (SS), and oxidized sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (O-CMC) hybrids were used to develop an intelligent drug delivery platform that may be employed for pH and redox-responsive bi-drug administration. The first drug, cytarabine (Cyt), was loaded with amino-functionalized mesoporous silica (MSN-NH

Robotization, miniaturization and portability have become the new development trend of milling equipment for large-scale complex structures, and the robotic mobile and mirror milling technology has reached remarkable progress in practical production.

The tensile properties and microstructure of hot extruded GW84 alloy stretching at 200 °C, 250 °C and 300 °C were investigated. The results showed that the alloys had excellent high temperature mechanical properties, when stretching at 250 °C, the ultimate tensile strength of alloy reached peak value, 393 MPa, and the tensile strength stretching at 300 °C reached 354 MPa. During high temperature tensile process, the microstructure markedly changed, which is not recognised in previous researches. Stretching at 200 °C, the precipitate phase was still metastable β′ phase. However, when stretching at 250 °C, the nano β′ precipitate transformed into nano β phase (β′ → β), and the precipitation mechanism is mainly inoculation nucleation of β phase. When stretching at 300 °C, the number of β precipitates increased significantly at triangular grain boundaries, which grew up to sub-micron particles, and precipitation mechanism is mainly growth and coarsening.

P53 is an apoptosis marker involved in determining nucleus pulposus (NP) cell fate. Little is known about P53 interaction with N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Here, we studied the role of the P53-NDRG2 axis in IVDD. We found that NDRG2 was expressed in NP tissue obtained from patients with IVDD. The level of NDRG2 was positively related to the severity of IVDD, as determined by Pfirrmann grading. Subsequently, we overexpressed NDRG2 in human NP cells by adenoviral transfection and studied the effects of increased levels of NDRG2 on the viability and apoptosis of these cells. NDRG2 overexpression induced NP cell apoptosis and reduced viability in NP cells obtained from patient with IVDD. We also found that the level of P53 was elevated in NP cells from patient with IVDD and treatment with exogenous P53 up-regulated NDRG2 in NP cells. Lastly, IVDD model was established in P53 knockout mice and the pathological changes in the intervertebral discs and NDRG2 expression were examined. P53 knockout can reduce the damage of NP tissues after IVDD surgery to some extent. Restoration of NDRG2 antagonized the effect of P53 knockout on IVDD. Collectively, this study suggests that elevated P53 in NP cells stimulates apoptosis of the cells by up-regulating NDRG2 expression, thereby exacerbating IVDD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Summary COVID-19 is presenting a colossal challenge to frontline NHS staff. This paper highlights how plastic surgery teams can use their diverse skills and resources in times of crisis. Through effective strategy and leadership we present how we are adapting as a department to serve our plastic surgery patients, other hospital teams and the Trust.

The strategy of “template sacrifice method” was proposed to synthesize well-defined NiSb/CoSb nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanosphere (Ni-Co-Sb/C, ~560 nm) by calcination treatment of the Ni-Co-MOF (metal-organic framework) precursor. Due to the structural controllability of MOF precursor and Ni/Co bimetallic synergy, the fabricated Ni-Co-Sb/C demonstrates a high surface area (88 m2 g−1) and superior ion conductivity, thus an excellent electrochemical performance as has been achieved as lithium ion battery (LIB) anode. A reversible discharge specific capacity as high as 495.1 mAh g−1 has been stably delivered after 1000 cycles at a high current density of 1.0 A g−1. In addition, the charge transfer impedance of Ni-Co-Sb/C electrode is as low as 67.6 Ω in the 30th cycle at 0.1 A g−1 and the pseudocapacitive contribution is as high as 73.8% at 0.5 mV s−1. The alloying mechanism of Ni-Co-Sb/C has been verified by in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), which enables a high lithium storage capacity. Moreover, the full-cell assembled with LiCoO2 as cathode exhibits a steady discharge specific capacity of 354.0 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 even after 100 cycles. Our work provides an effective method for the application and high-capacity Sb-based material in energy storage fields, and this material is expected as a promising candidate for a novel anode material in LIBs.

Skeleton curve-guided five-axis sweep scanning is an emerging surface inspection technique with marvelous inspection efficiency. The precondition of applying such a technique to a complex surface is to extract the skeleton curves of a two-manifold surface associated with partitioning the surface into compact surfaces. However, the work on extracting skeletons of two-manifold triangle mesh surfaces is scarce, as existing skeletonization methods mostly focus on either 2D planar shapes or 3D solid shapes. In this paper, we present a new approach to extract the skeletons on a two-manifold triangle mesh with boundaries. The skeletons are formed in the most intuitive manner of wave front propagation which is based on computing the initial value problem of geodesics on a triangle mesh. The step-length of wave front propagation is adaptively controlled to guarantee the appropriate density of skeleton points for having good connectivity. Experiments show that, as a direct application of the proposed skeleton generation and its associated surface partitioning result, the five-axis sweep scanning path of complex free-form surface can be generated conveniently. Experimental results also validate that the computation of our proposed approach is simpler and faster than the state-of-the-art geodesic Voronoi diagram (GVD) method when most of the two-manifold triangle mesh is nearly planar. Additionally, the augmented parameter used for tracing the wave front’s geodesic propagation information is helpful for the skeleton-based surface partition, which is necessary for skeleton curve-guided five-axis sweep scanning.

Known as a common malignant tumor among children, retinoblastoma (RB) is highly malignant and has poor prognosis, damages children's vision and degrades quality of life. To identify a potential molecular mechanism of RB, we conducted this study on legumain (LGMN), which is highly expressed in multiple tumors. In this study, we found that LGMN was significantly upregulated in RB cells and was positively expressed in RB tissues. We confirmed that LGMN overexpression (LGMN-OE) can promote RB cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis through CCK8 experiments and flow cytometry. In addition, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‒qPCR) and Western blot results showed that LGMN-OE could regulate the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation-related genes and proteins, related to tumor invasion and metastasis. Moreover, after LGMN knock down, the result was the opposite., RNA sequence analysis revealed 1159 differentially expressed genes between LGMN-OE and the negative control (NC

This paper proposed an extended state observer (ESO)-based discrete-time sliding-mode controller (DSMCer) to improve the steady-state output tracking accuracy of the systems with unmeasurable states and unknown mismatched disturbances. First, an ESO is designed based on disturbance decomposition, which decomposes the lumped disturbances into the matched part and the mismatched part. Instead of regarding all the elements of the lumped disturbance as new states, the proposed ESO regards the first several elements, i.e., the nonzero elements, of the mismatched part of the disturbances as new states. This will result in a smaller dimension and make it easier to guarantee the existence of the ESO. Then, based on the states of the proposed ESO, a new sliding surface is constructed, a new reaching law is designed, and subsequently, a desirable DSMCer is organized, which can solve the problems of unmeasurable states and unknown disturbances and can effectively attenuate the effect of the mismatched part of the disturbances on the output tracking performance. The system stability is analyzed, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through numerical simulations.

State of health (SOH) estimation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is of critical importance for battery management systems (BMSs) of electronic devices. An accurate SOH estimation is still a challenging problem limited by diverse usage conditions between training and testing LIBs. To tackle this problem, this article proposes a transfer learning-based method for personalized SOH estimation of a new battery. More specifically, a convolutional neural network (CNN) combined with an improved domain adaptation method is used to construct an SOH estimation model, where the CNN is used to automatically extract features from raw charging voltage trajectories, while the domain adaptation method named maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) is adopted to reduce the distribution difference between training and testing battery data. This article extends MMD from classification tasks to regression tasks, which can therefore be used for SOH estimation. Three different datasets with different charging policies, discharging policies, and ambient temperatures are used to validate the effectiveness and generalizability of the proposed method. The superiority of the proposed SOH estimation method is demonstrated through the comparison with direct model training using state-of-the-art machine learning methods and several other domain adaptation approaches. The results show that the proposed transfer learning-based method has wide generalizability as well as a positive precision improvement.

Lacrimal adenoid cystic carcinoma (LACC) is the most common orbital malignant epithelial neoplasm. LACC with high-grade transformation (LACC-HGT) has higher rates of recurrence, metastasis, and mortality than LACC without HGT. This study investigated the effects of microRNA-29a-3p (miR-29a-3p) in the pathogenesis of LACC-HGT.An Agilent human miRNA microarray was used to screen the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in LACC and LACC-HGT tumor tissues. Then, the primary cells obtained in previous studies were used to determine the effect of miR-29a-3p.The expression of miR-29a-3p was abnormally lower in LACC-HGT than in LACC. miR-29a-3p can specifically target the 3' UTR of Quaking mRNA and down-regulate Quaking expression, thereby inhibiting the proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of LACC cells.This study illustrated that miR-29a-3p functions as a tumor suppressor by down-regulating the expression of Quaking to inhibit the tumorigenesis of LACC cells. This study may also reveal the pathogenesis of HGT in LACC cells and provide a reference for LACC-HGT targeted diagnosis.

Ameliorating the interfacial issues of the zinc anode, particularly dendrite growth and electrode corrosion, is imperative for rechargeable zinc metal batteries. Herein, an electrochemical-inert li...

A series of novel N-doped carbon-coated Li3V2(PO4)3 (LVPC/N) composites were synthesized by rheological phase method with melamine as nitrogen source. The results showed that N-doping did not affect the main structure of Li3V2(PO4)3/C (LVPC) but only changed the structure and properties of the coating layer, which effectively improved the structural stability and electrochemical performance of LVPC. When the ratio of citric acid to melamine was 5:3, the properties of LVPCN composite were the best. The initial discharge specific capacity was 195 mAh g−1 at 30 mA g−1 in the voltage range of 3.0–4.8 V. After 100 cycles of charge and discharge, the discharge capacity was still 165 mAh g−1, and the capacity retention rate was increased to 85%. Owing to the low cost, high initial discharge capacity, and long lifespan, we believe that the LVPC/N composite is significantly competitive to other cathode materials for application in lithium-ion batteries.

Due to its high theoretical capacity (∼280 mA h g−1), lithium vanadium oxide (LiV3O8) is considered a promising electrode material for meeting the demands for a longer battery life. However, it still suffers from an inferior cycling stability and rate properties. Benefitting from the unique traits of rare earth metal La, La-doping was introduced to V-sites, leading to an expansion of the lattice volume and reduced particle size, and bringing about more oxygen defects for fast ion redox reactions. The considerable discharge capacity of optimized La-doped LiV3O8 could reach up to 308 mA h g−1, and the capacity could be kept at 252 mA h g−1 after numerous loops. Supported by a detailed analysis of the capacity curves, an improved redox activity of V5+ was strongly demonstrated. Moreover, compared to the basic materials, an increasing rate capacity located in the low potential range was detected, ascribed to the existence of an oxygen vacancy, enabling a reduction in the energy barrier and a broadening of the energy distribution. Interestingly, La-doping could ultimately improve the capacity and is thus worth further exploration, particularly for the design of advanced cathodic materials.

This study investigated the morphologic characteristics of congenital heart disease (CHD) combined with anomalous tracheobronchial arborization (ATBA) to provide new considerations for surgically treating congenital tracheal stenosis.A retrospective review of surgical experience with ATBA was conducted of 147 patients. The proportion of patients with ATBA combined with tracheal stenosis was determined. Four ATBA types were identified: type A, tracheal bronchus (n = 58); type B, bronchial trifurcation (n = 46); type C, bridging bronchus (n = 38); and type D, tracheal bronchus combined with bronchial trifurcation (n = 5). The rate of tracheoplasty for each type was determined. We measured the carina/pseudocarina angle and assessed the distribution of CHD, especially pulmonary artery sling.The tracheal diameter of 14 patients (24.1%) with type A and 5 patients (10.9%) with type B was normal. There were 128 patients with tracheal stenosis and complete tracheal rings; of them, 113 patients received tracheoplasty. The tracheoplasty rate was higher for type C than type A (100% vs 62.1%, P.001). The carina/pseudocarina angle was significantly reduced postoperatively (P.001). The repair in 78 patients (60.9%) was combined with a pulmonary artery sling. A pulmonary azygos lobe was found in 10 patients (6.8%) and was resected.ATBA is common in patients with congenital tracheal stenosis and may be associated with abnormal embryonic development. The new classification of ATBA has clinical significance in treating patients with congenital tracheal stenosis. The poor tracheal development cannot be explained merely with vascular compression. Tracheoplasty is currently the optimal option for every type.

The low electronic conductivity of spinel-structured Li4Ti5O12 could be improved by introducing CuV2O6. Herein, several Li4Ti5O12/CuV2O6 composites with different CuV2O6 contents have been successfully prepared by a facile liquid-phase dispersion technique. The amount of CuV2O6 in composites is shown to affect the particle size and electrochemical performances of Li4Ti5O12. The Li4Ti5O12/CuV2O6 composite prepared with a 5 wt % CuV2O6 content (referred to as 5 wt % Li4Ti5O12/CuV2O6) exhibits the best electrochemical performances among all the Li4Ti5O12/CuV2O6 composites. The initial discharge/charge capacities of the 5 wt % Li4Ti5O12/CuV2O6 composite reach 241.1/199.8 mAh g-1 and retain at 136.8/135.7 mAh g-1 over 500 cycles at 30 mA g-1 between 1.0 and 3.0 V. In addition, initial discharge/charge capacities of the 5 wt % Li4Ti5O12/CuV2O6 composite amount to 129.8/90.5 mAh g-1 even at 1200 mA g-1 with maintained discharge/charge capacities of 71.1/71.1 mAh g-1 over 2500 cycles, which are superior to the pristine Li4Ti5O12 in all cases. The detailed electrode kinetic analysis reveals that the introduction of the CuV2O6 phase can enhance the lithium-ion transferring rate and cycling stability of Li4Ti5O12. The enhanced lithium-storage mechanism of the 5 wt % Li4Ti5O12/CuV2O6 composite is clarified by in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The acquired data confirms that in situ formation of small amounts of metallic Cu during discharge/charge processes highly enhance the electronic conductivity and decreases the charge-transfer resistance of Li4Ti5O12. In sum, the as-obtained 5 wt % Li4Ti5O12/CuV2O6 composite has potential for future construction of high-rate and long-lifespan anode materials for Li-ion batteries. The work also provides an innovative route to improve electrochemical performances of Li4Ti5O12.

Sodium-ion batteries have received a surge of interests for the alternatives to lithium-ion batteries due to their abundant reserves and low cost. The quest of reliable and high-performance cathode materials is crucial to future Na storage technologies. Herein, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was successfully introduced to NaV3O8 via in situ oxidation polymerization, which can effectively enhance electron conductivity and ionic diffusion of NaV3O8 material. As a result, these NaV3O8@PEDOT composites exhibit a significantly improved electrochemical performance including cycle stability and rate performance. In particular, NaV3O8@20 wt% PEDOT composite demonstrates better dispersibility and lower charge transfer resistance compared with bare NaV3O8, which delivers the first discharge capacity of 142 mAh·g−1 and holds about 128.7 mAh·g−1 after 300 cycles at a current density of 120 mA·g−1. Even at a high current density of 300 mA·g−1, a high reversible capacity of 99.6 mAh·g−1 is revealed. All these consequences suggest that NaV3O8@20 wt% PEDOT composite may be a promising candidate to serve as a high-rate and long-lifespan cathode material for sodium-ion batteries.

Multisegmental complex congenital tracheal stenosis (CTS) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening malformation of the airway. Staged surgery is indicated for the complex pathophysiology of the abnormal trachea. Surgical intervention to fix the stenotic segments may result in different postoperative outcomes. However, only few studies reported the design of surgical correction for multisegmental CTS. We used computer-aided design (CAD) to simulate surgical correction under different schemes to develop a patient-specific tracheal model with two segmental stenoses. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to compare the outcomes of different designs. Aerodynamic parameters of the trachea were evaluated. An obvious interaction was found between the two segments of stenosis in different surgical designs. The surgical corrective order of stenotic segments greatly affected the aerodynamic parameters and turbulence flows downstream of tracheal stenosis and upstream of the bronchus. Patient-specific studies using CAD and CFD minimize the risk of staged surgical correction and facilitate quantitative evaluation of surgical design for multiple segments of complex CTS.

Experiments have achieved high confinement discharges in tokamaks with a negative triangularity (NT) plasma shape accompanied by a lower pedestal and smaller and more frequent edge localized modes (ELMs) compared with positive triangularity (PT). Some existing theories emphasize the linear instability variations result from the change of pedestal. However, NT can directly bring significant changes on magnetic field structures which may also influence the instability of ELMs. Based on a series of equilibria constructed with different triangularities and pressure profiles, the influence of NT on peeling-ballooning mode (P–B mode) is investigated. It is found that NT can increase the growth rates of low to intermediate n (toroidal mode number) modes in the linear stage and lead to a larger pedestal collapse in the nonlinear stage if its pressure profile is the same with the PT shape. Further analyses demonstrate that NT enlarges the unfavorable curvature area, which provides stronger driving source and larger unstable region for the instability. Meanwhile, the diamagnetic effect and local magnetic shear helps to stabilize high n modes in the linear phase, and the E × B shearing rate at the top of the pedestal contributes to suppress the transport of turbulence into the plasma core in the nonlinear phase for the NT shape. What’s more, further simulations with different pedestal heights demonstrate that there exists a threshold value of pressure ratio, below which the ELM energy loss in NT shapes can be smaller than that in PT shapes, suggesting that the smaller energy loss with NT in experiment mainly results from the lower pedestal heigh. The results reveal behaviors of P–B modes and provide possible mechanisms for the phenomenon of lower pedestal height with negative triangularities in experiments.

This paper aims at presenting a solution to overcome the problems of small driving force and the evident nonlinear characteristics of the large stroke flexure-based micropositioning stage driven by a voice coil motor (VCM). The push–pull mode of complementary configurations of VCMs on both sides is adopted to improve the magnitude and uniformity of the driving force, and model-free adaptive control (MFAC) is combined to achieve accurate control of the positioning stage. First, the micropositioning stage based on the compound double parallelogram flexure mechanism driven by double VCMs in the push–pull mode is proposed, and its most prominent features are introduced. Then, a comparison of the driving force characteristics of a single VCM and dual VCMs is conducted, and the results are empirically discussed. Subsequently, the static and dynamic modeling of the flexure mechanism was carried out and verified by finite element analysis and experimental tests. After that, the controller for the positioning stage based on MFAC is designed. Finally, three different combinations of different controllers and VCM configuration modes are used to track the triangle wave signals. The experimental results show that compared with the other two combinations, the maximum tracking error and root mean square error of the combination of MFAC and push–pull mode are significantly reduced, which fully proves the effectiveness and feasibility of the method proposed in this paper. At the same time, the reduction of current in the coil confirms the advantages of the push–pull mode.

Exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) potentially triggers airway inflammation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been reported to regulate inflammatory responses in diverse cell types. Therefore, this work investigated the mechanisms of PPARγ in regulating traffic-related PM2.5-induced airway inflammation. Using the diffusion flame burner soot generation, traffic-related PM2.5 was generated and adsorbed. BALB/c male mice and human bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBE) were exposed to PM2.5 alone or co-treatment with rosiglitazone (RSG), an agonist of PPARγ. To the end of exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), venous blood and arterial blood, trachea, bronchus and lung tissues were collected. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 were detected by ELISA, and the cell types in BALF were counted. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) assay were used to analyze the pathological conditions of lung, bronchus, and pulmonary artery. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL, and PPARγ expression in lung and bronchus was detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Western Blot was used to detect PPARγ, NF-kB, AP-1 and STAT3 expression in lung and bronchus. The viability was detected by MTT method. PM2.5 exposure caused pathological damage to the lung, bronchus and pulmonary artery tissue, which induced apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells. PM2.5 exposure caused local inflammation of the whole body and airway. PPARγ expression increased after PM2.5 exposure. PM2.5 exposure regulated the downstream signaling pathways to affect the inflammatory response through PPARγ. Exposure to traffic-related PM2.5 caused respiratory damage via PPARγ-regulated inflammation.