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We present a compact diode-pumped Tm/Ho:YLF laser, via integrating the Tm-doped and Ho-doped YLF crystals into a single bulk gain medium. Gain spectral model was developed first to the predict the potential Tm:YLF laser wavelength using different types of output coupling, for enhancing resonant absorption of the Ho:YLF crystal. Further verification were carried out by intra-cavity pumping the Ho:YLF laser with a Tm:YLF laser, where maximum output power of 11.3 W at 2.06 μm with near diffraction limited beam quality was obtained with conversion efficiency of 28.2% by considering the incident 793 nm diode power. In the Tm/Ho:YLF laser, maximum output power of 10.2 W at 2063 nm with power instability of 0.55% was obtained, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 29.6 % and optical conversion efficiency of 25.5%. The results provide a compact, accessible, and efficient Ho laser scheme, with has potential applications in wind lidar, surgeries, material processing, and nonlinear frequency conversion toward the mid-infrared region.

Regeneration failure and productivity decline, which is collectively known as consecutive monoculture problem (CMP), were observed during long-term monoculture Casuarina equisetifolia plantations. In this study, the high-throughput sequencing method was applied to determine whether the rhizospheric microbial community composition would be significantly degenerated by consecutive monoculture in C. equisetifolia plantations. The results showed that the soil fungal community structure exhibited obvious differences among the first rotation plantation (FCP), the second rotation plantation (SCP), and the third rotation plantation (TCP). Both the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices of the soil fungal community in the FCP were significantly higher than in the SCP (P

Additional file 5: Table S4. Primer sequences of genes related to sugar conversion and starch synthesis.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Principal component analysis (PCA), Orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS) and S-plot analysis of the superior spikelets (SS) and inferior spikelets (IS) metabolomes. (A) PCA model of 10 DAF IS and SS. (B) PCA model of 10 DAF IS and 25 DAF IS. (C) PCA model of 25 DAF IS and 10 DAF SS. (D) OPLS model of 10 DAF IS and SS. (E) OPLS model of 10 DAF IS and 25 DAF IS. (F) OPLS model of 25 DAF IS and 10 DAF SS. (G) S-plot of 10 DAF IS and SS. (H) S-plot of 10 DAF IS and 25 DAF IS. (I) S-plot of 25 DAF IS and 10 DAF SS.

Additional file 6: Table S5. Primer sequences of genes related to trehalose synthesis.

Additional file 2: Figure S2. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a reliable method for simplifying and reducing multidimensional data in an unsupervised pattern. On the basis of preserving the original data to the greatest extent, a linear combination was performed to determine the trend of metabolome separation between the samples of each group. PCA of the compounds in absorption phase by ADS-8 resin from rhizosphere soils of different allelopathic potential rice accessions. Note: The numbers 1, 2, and 3 in the figure represent three parallel duplicates of the same sample. PI stands for allelopathic rice PI312227 (PI). PAL for PAL2–1 inhibited transgenic line PR. O for the transgenic line PO of PAL2–1 overexpressed in allelopathic rice PI312227 (PI). Le for non-allelopathic rice Lemont (Le). LOP for the transgenic line LO of PAL2–1 overexpressed in non-allelopathic rice Le.

Additional file 3 Methods S1 Extraction of rice leaf protein

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The original full-length Western-blot images. A: Western blotting detection of the OsPAL2–1 expression on rice roots. B: Western blotting detection of the β-actin expression on rice roots.

Additional file 2 Table S1 Sequence of OsSHMT gene promoter from Dular. Table S2 Proteins interacted with OsSHMT in the OsSHMT transgenic A. thaliana using GFP-Trap Co-IP. Table S3 Primers used in this study

Additional file 3: Figure S3. Principal component analysis of the compounds absorbed by ADS-21 resin from the rhizosphere soils of different potential allelopathic rice accessions. Note: The numbers 1, 2, and 3 in the figure represent three parallel duplicates of the same sample. PI stands for allelopathic rice PI312227 (PI). PAL for PAL2–1 inhibited transgenic line PR. O for the transgenic line PO of PAL2–1 overexpressed in allelopathic rice PI312227 (PI). Le for non-allelopathic rice Lemont (Le). LOP for the transgenic line LO of PAL2–1 overexpressed in non-allelopathic rice Le.

Additional file 5: Figure S5. The OPLS-DA score of the compounds absorbed by ADS-21 resin from the rhizosphere soils of different allelopathic potential rice accessions. It shows that the predictive parameters of the OPLS-DA model, R2X, R2Y and Q2, were both greater than 0.9, suggesting that the model is excellent and suitable for further analysis of differential metabolites. Note: The numbers 1, 2, and 3 in the figure represent three parallel duplicates of the same sample. PI stands for allelopathic rice PI312227 (PI). PAL for PAL2–1 inhibited transgenic line PR. O for the transgenic line PO of PAL2–1 overexpressed in allelopathic rice PI312227 (PI). Le for non-allelopathic rice Lemont (Le). LOP for the transgenic line LO of PAL2–1 overexpressed in non-allelopathic rice Le. Picture order from top to next: PI-Le, PI-PR, PI-PO, Le-LO, PO-LO.

Additional file 4: Figure S4. Metabolomics analysis was conducted to identify the soil substances in the extracted phase by ADS-8 resin from the rhizosphere soils of different allelopathic potential rice accessions and OPLS-DA evaluation model was established. The OPLS-DA score of the compounds in the absorption phase by ADS-8 resin from the rhizosphere soils of different allelopathic potential rice accessions. Note: The numbers 1, 2, and 3 in the figure represent three parallel duplicates of the same sample. PI stands for allelopathic rice PI312227 (PI). PAL for PAL2–1 inhibited transgenic line PR. O for the transgenic line PO of PAL2–1 overexpressed in allelopathic rice PI312227 (PI). Le for non-allelopathic rice Lemont (Le). LOP for the transgenic line LO of PAL2–1 overexpressed in non-allelopathic rice Le. Picture order from top to next: PI-Le, PI-PR, PI-PO, Le-LO, PO-LO.