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The Nanxiaoyao gold deposit is located in the middle part of the central Yishu fault zone in Shandong Province, Eastern China. In this study, we examined its genesis based on detailed in-situ LA-ICP-MS analyses of pyrite trace element contents, sulfide (pyrite and galena) sulfur isotopes, and fluid inclusion (FI) He–Ar isotopes of the ore-related pyrite. The Nanxiaoyao pyrite have ns/nFe (1.81–2.27), Au/Ag (0.0012–0.2416) and Fe/(S + As) (0.81–0.89), with the latter two ratios indicating that the gold mineralization occurred at medium-/deep-level and under medium–high temperatures. The Co–Ni and Co–Ni–As discrimination diagrams indicate that the mineralization was magmatic-related, the gold ores may have undergone post-ore alteration, and that the ore fluids were mainly (sub)volcanic-derived. The pyrite FI He–Ar isotope data indicate that the ore-forming fluids were mainly crustal-derived, and had mixed with some mantle-sourced fluids and minor meteoric water. Sulfur isotopic evidence of the Nanxiaoyao sulfides (δ34S = −3.2 to 2.9‰) further supports a deep-level (probably mantle) source for the ore-forming materials. Therefore, we suggest that the Mesozoic magma and (sub)volcanic-sourced hydrothermal fluids may have ascended along the Yishu fault zone, bringing the ore-forming materials to the Nanxiaoyao-Qiansuozhuang fault and formed the Nanxiaoyao gold deposit. Keywords: Nanxiaoyao gold deposit, Ore-fluid/-material source, Pyrite trace elements, Fluid inclusion He–Ar isotopes, Tan-Lu fault zone, Shandong gold province (eastern China)

Hard carbon has been widely used in anode of lithium/sodium ion battery, electrode of supercapacitor, and carbon molecular sieve for CO2 capture and hydrogen storage. In this study the lignin derived hard carbon products are investigated, and the conclusions are abstracted as follows. (1) The lignin derived hard carbon products consist of microcrystal units of sp2 graphene fragments, jointed by sp3 carbon atoms and forming sp2–sp3 hybrid hard carbon family. (2) From the lignin precursors to the sp2–sp3 hybrid hard carbon products, most carbon atoms retain their original electron configurations (sp2 or sp3) and keep their composition in lignin. (3) The architectures of lignin-derived hard carbon materials are closely dependent on the forms of their lignin precursors, and could be preformed by different pretreatment techniques. (4) The carbonization of lignin precursors follows the mechanism "carbonization in situ and recombination nearby". (5) Due to the high carbon ratio and abundant active functional groups in lignin, new activation techniques could be developed for control of pore size and pore volume. In general lignin is an excellent raw material for sp2–sp3 hybrid hard carbon products, a green and sustainable alternative resource for phenolic resin, and industrial production for lignin derived hard carbon products would be feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a kind of non-coding RNA (ncRNA), with a length of 200 nt to 100 kb, that lacks a significant open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein. lncRNAs are widely implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, such as epigenetic regulation, cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation regulation, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, through their interactions with chromatin, protein, and other RNAs. Numerous studies have suggested that lncRNAs are closely linked with the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases, of which the etiologies are complicated and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Determining the roles of lncRNA in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases will not only deepen understanding of the physiological and pathological processes that occur in those diseases but also provide new ideas and solutions for their diagnosis and prevention. This review aims to highlight the progress of lncRNA research in the pathological and behavioral changes of neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, we focus on how lncRNA dysfunctions are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.