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151. Issues of Ferality or Potential for Ferality in Oats, Olives, the Vigna Group, Ryegrass Species, Safflower, and Sugarcane

Author

Bervillé, André, primary, Gressel, Jonathan, additional, McPherson, Marc, additional, Breton, Catherine, additional, Good, Allen, additional, Médail, Frédéric, additional, Warwick, Suzanne, additional, Vaughan, Duncan, additional, Darmency, Henri, additional, Cunliffe, Ken, additional, Hall, Linda, additional, and Pinatel, Christian, additional

Published
2005
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152. Incorporating phylogeography for modelling the distribution of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua, Leguminosae) in future climate change

Author

Baumel, Alex, Potenza, Eleonora, Frelon, Valentine, Viruel, Juan, Nieto-Feliner, Gonzalo, Bou Dagher Kharrat, Magda, Ouahmane, Lahcen, Sanguin, Hervé, Malfa, Stefano, Diguardo, Mario, Pironon, Samuel, Suc, Jean-Pierre, Le Galliot, Nicolas, Médail, Frédéric, Leriche, Agathe, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Laboratoire Biodiversité et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et méditerranéennes (UMR LSTM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], Royal Botanic Gardens, PaleoEnvironnements et PaleobioSphere (PEPS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRAE, Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology
Abstract

International audience; Distribution estimates based on niche modeling are commonly used to forecast the impact of future climate change on biodiversity. The longer generation time of trees implies that adaptive responses to stress rely on the existing genetic diversity. However, the effects that climate change may have on the genetic diversity of fruit trees have rarely been addressed despite its agronomic importance. The carob tree has been used since ancient times to feed humans and livestock across Mediterranean rural landscapes. The long-term historical decline estimated for carob populations (Viruel et al. 2020 in J. Biogeogr.) have affected negatively to its genetic diversity. Here we study the potential future distribution of the carob tree and the likely consequences on its current genetic diversity. Niche models were constructed in MaxEnt with a large set of present occurrences (n=758) and six selected bioclimatic variables selected after pilot analyses and evaluated using TSS and AUC metrics. Distribution models were estimated for 2070 by projecting the niche-based models to two future climate scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) and five general circulation models. Our results suggest that the currently most suitable areas for carob trees could decrease by 44 % and 58 % under the RCP scenarios 4.5 and 8.5 respectively. Some genetic clusters might be more severely impacted. South Morocco which is a long term refugia for the carob tree according to Viruel et al. (2020 in J. Biogeogr.), could be also impacted. This prediction is particularly worrying since these populations contain the highest genetic diversity. However, when distribution modelling was conducted with respect to phylogeography, Maxent results supports south Morocco (SM) and the east Mediterranean (EM) as the most persistent areas whereas the most affected areas are in the south of Spain (SS) and more generally in the rest of the western basin (CM). Therefore, our preliminary results indicate that incorporating phylogeography may improve carob distribution modelling and forecasting. In several countries, the abandonment of traditional orchards and the forest fragmentation in favor of more intensive agricultural systems and urban expansion will worsen this trend. Immediate ex situ and in situ conservation actions are recommended.

Published
2020

153. Ecosystems

Author

Balzan, Mario V, Hassoun, Abed El Rahman, Aroua, Najet, Baldy, Virginie, Dagher, Magda Bou, Branquinho, Cristina, Dutay, Jean-Claude, El Bour, Monia, Médail, Frédéric, Mojtahid, Meryem, Morán-Ordóñez, Alejandra, Roggero, Pier Paolo, Heras, Sergio Rossi, Schatz, Bertrand, Vogiatzakis, Ioannis N., Zaimes, George N., Ziveri, Patrizia, Malta Council for Science and Technology, National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Université Mohamed Khider de Biskra (BISKRA), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer [Salammbô] (INSTM), Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences (DiSTeBA), Uniersity of Salento, Salento, Italy, Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus, UNESCO Chair Con-E-Ect, International Hellenic University, Drama, Greece, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cramer W, Guiot J, and Marini K

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

154. Flore et végétation vasculaires des îles Porraggia Nord et Sperduto (Réserve naturelle des Bouches-de-Bonifacio, Corse du Sud)

Author

Paradis, G., Médail, Frédéric, Petit, Y., Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

155. Hommage à Marcel Barbero (1940-2000), phytoécologue, biogéographe et protecteur de la nature méditerranéenne

Author

Bonin, Gilles, Médail, Frédéric, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

156. Les facteurs influençant la distribution de la flore

Author

Médail, Frédéric, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Delage A, Hugot L, and GREFF, Stéphane

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Published
2020

157. Hybridization in Corsicaand Anthyllis ×gamisansii(Fabaceae) a new nothotaxon

Author

Verlaque, Régine, Delage, Alain, Baumel, Alex, Piazza, Carole, Médail, Frédéric, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conservatoire botanique national de Corse / Office de l’environnement de la Corse, and Leydet, Michelle

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, Anthyllis, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biosystématique, Hybridation, Flore de Corse, Fabaceae
Abstract

A new nothotaxon for the genus Anthyllis L., Anthyllis ×gamisansii Delage et al. (Loteae-Fabaceae)is described and illustrated. It results from a natural hybridization between Anthyllis barba-jovis L. and A. hermanniae L.subsp. corsica Brullo & Giusso. This hybrid, located at Cap Corse (Corsica, France), is compared with its parents using a multidisciplinary approach (genetics,morphology, karyology, phenology and fertility). These plants have a general appearance of Anthyllis barba-jovis, some intermediate parental traits and numerous characters of A.hermanniae subsp. corsica.Thisnew nothotaxon adds to the long list of Corsican hybrids. The origin and the role of hybridization in insular speciation processes are discussed., Un nouveau nothotaxon du genre Anthyllis (Loteae-Fabaceae), Anthyllis ×gamisansii Delage et al. (Fabaceae) est décrit et illustré. Il résulte de l’hybridation naturelle entre A. barba-jovis L. et A. hermanniae L.subsp. corsica Brullo & Giusso. Cet hybride, localisé dans le Cap Corse (Corse, France), a été comparé à ses parents grâce à une étude combinant génétique,morphologie, caryologie, phénologie et analyse de la fertilité (graines et pollen). Les individus de cet hybride ont un aspect général d’Anthyllis barba-jovis, des traits parentaux intermédiaires et de nombreux caractères d’A. hermanniaesubsp. corsica.Ce nouveau nothotaxon enrichit la liste déjà importante des hybrides de Corse. L’origine et le rôle de l'hybridation dans les phénomènes de spéciation insulaire sont discutés.

Published
2019

158. L’extrême résistance du cyprès saharien

Author

Médail, Frédéric, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), and Leydet, Michelle

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, Tasili n'Ajjer, Cypres, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Désert, Cupressus dupreziana, Sahara, Tassili
Abstract

International audience; Conifère rarissime ne comptant guère plus de 230 individus spontanés, le cyprès de Duprez ou cyprès du Tassili (Cupressus dupreziana) est sans doute l’espèce végétale la plus emblématique et l’une des plus rares de l’immense désert saharien. Cet arbre, dont les plus beaux pieds atteignent 22 m de hauteur et 12 m de circonférence, a une aire de distribution très restreinte. Il est localisé dans un massif montagneux du Sahara central, le plateau du Tassili n’Ajjer près de Djanet au sud-est de l’Algérie. Longtemps resté méconnu, ce cyprès a fasciné nombre de botanistes et d’explorateurs depuis le milieu du xixe siècle.

Published
2019

159. Le genre Echiochilon (Boraginaceae), une originalité biogéographique majeure de la flore de la Sebkha d’Imlili (Sahara océanique)

Author

Médail, Frédéric, Guiter, Frédéric, Ponel, Philippe, Qninba, Abdeljebbar, PONEL, Philippe, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

160. In the intimacy of an old Mediterranean affair between a fruit tree and a microbiota: perspectives in conservation and agroecology

Author

Sanguin, Hervé, Mahé, Frédéric, Ouahmane, Lahcen, Khassali, Hamza, Tournier, Estelle, Tisseyre, Pierre, Geoffroy, Alexandre, Le Roux, Christine, Prin, Yves, Hafidi, Mohamed, Hugot, Laetitia, Diadema, Katia, Mirleau, Fatma, Nieto-Feliner, Gonzalo, Bou Dagher Kharrat, Magda, La Malfa, Stefano, Médail, Frédéric, Viruel, Juan, and Baumel, Alex

Abstract

The carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua L. (Leguminosae), is an important component of Mediterranean thermophilous woodlands and traditional rural landscapes. It is currently used for industrial, agricultural and soil restoration purposes. Its exploitation have known an important decline in favour of other fruit sectors despite its high production yields even in marginal soils under semi-arid climate. Recently, the carob is making a dynamic come-back to human nutrition as functional food and its tolerance to water and nutrient deficiency make it a key model for sustainable agriculture and food production. Since its domestication in the Middle East around 6,000-4,000 years BP, the carob tree, has probably experienced extensive genetic and physiological modifications conducing to potential changes of a major compartment of its functioning: the plant microbiota. Indeed, the carob tree is highly dependent of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, and some evidences tends to demonstrate the role of other microbial compartments in its functioning. In the framework of the international projects DYNAMIC and BARACA, a holistic ecological approach and experimental implementations were applied to estimate several proxies of the carob tree-microbiota interactions. First, soil carob-based agroecosystems and carob genetic structure were characterized at the Mediterranean scale, and compared to carob microbiota. Second, the efficiency of different types of carobmicrobiota associations regarding carob growth and water deficiency tolerance was evaluated in controlled conditions. The results provide new insights into the carob evolutionary history, rejecting previous hypotheses, and demonstrate the domestication (cultivated vs wild) and genetic (evolutionary significant unit) legacy on the carob microbiota structure. Experimental carob-microbiota associations strengthened the importance of mycorrhizal symbiosis as well as certain members of rhizosphere microbiota in improving carob growth and physiology. Perspectives for the development of more efficient strategies in conservation and agroecology based on tree-microbiota management, and the need to associate wild biodiversity in cultivated areas are discussed.

Published
2019

162. Hybridation en Corse et description d’un nouvel hybride: Anthyllis x gamisansii Delage et al. nothotaxon nov. (Fabaceae) (= A. barba-jovis L. x A. hermanniae L. subsp. corsica Brullo & Giusso)

Author

Verlaque, Régine, Delage, A., Baumel, Alex, Piazza, C., Médail, Frédéric, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

163. Flore et végétation vasculaires des îlots satellites de l’île Lavezzu (Réserve naturelle des Bouches-de-Bonifacio, Corse)

Author

Médail, Frédéric, Mori, C., Paradis, G., Petit, Y., Piazza, C., Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Crithmo-Limonietea, impact aviaire, phytosociologie, végétation micro-insulaire, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, microinsular vegetation, avian impact, phytosociology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

This study presents floristic inventories and the description of the vascular vegetation of fourteen small granitic islands around surrounding Lavezzu Island (Bouches-de-Bonifacio Natural Reserve) in Southern Corsica. These islets differ in the following characteristics : total area, area of flat surfaces, maximum altitude, shape, distance to Lavezzu Island, degree of exposure to storms, and number of breeding gull pairs. The number of vascular plant species ranges from 2 (South Becchi Island) to 50 (Achiarinu Island). Their plant communities can be classifiaed into eight phytosociological alliances (Allion triquetri, Asplenion marini, Crithmo maritimi-Limonion articulati, Dactylido hispanicae-Daucion commutati, Halimionion portulacoidis, Juniperion turbinatae, Molinio arundinaceae-Holoschoenion vulgaris, Saginion maritimae). The multivariate analyzes indicate the importance of the "flat surface area" of each island as the main explanatory parameter of the floristic richness and the number of phytosociological alliances., Cette étude présente les inventaires floristiques et la description de la végétation vasculaire de quatorze îlots granitiques entourant l’île Lavezzu (Réserve naturelle des Bouches-de-Bonifacio) en Corse-du-Sud. Ces îlots diffèrent par les caractères suivants : superficie totale, superficie des surfaces planes, altitude maximale, forme, distance à l’île Lavezzu, degré d’exposition aux tempêtes et quantité de couples de goélands nicheurs. Le nombre d’espèces de plantes vasculaires varie de 2 (îlot Becchi sud) à 50 (îlot de l’Achiarinu). Leurs groupements végétaux sont classables dans huit alliances phytosociologiques (Allion triquetri, Asplenion marini, Crithmo maritimi-Limonion articulati, Dactylido hispanicae-Daucion commutati, Halimionion portulacoidis, Juniperion turbinatae, Molinio arundinaceae-Holoschoenion vulgaris, Saginion maritimae). Les analyses multivariées montrent l’importance du facteur «superficie des surfaces planes» de chaque îlot comme paramètre explicatif principal de la richesse floristique et du nombre d’alliances phytosociologiques., Médail Frédéric,Mori Christophe,Paradis Guilhan,Petit Yohan,Piazza Carole. Flore et végétation vasculaires des îlots satellites de l’île Lavezzu (Réserve naturelle des Bouches-de-Bonifacio, Corse) . In: Le Journal de botanique, n°88, 2019. pp. 119-182.

Published
2019

166. The Mediterranean region under climate change

Author

A. Osman, Mona, Aboul-Naga, Adel, Adallal, Rachid, Aderghal, Mohamed, Afif, Charbel, Alary, Véronique, Alifriqui, Mohamed, Alkama, Rezak, Alleaume, Samuel, Alpert, Pinhas, Ancona, Carla, Annabi, Mohamed, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Anquetin, Sandrine, Ardilouze, Constantin, Auclair, Laurent, Aumeeruddy-Thomas, Yildiz, Azuara, Julien, B. Nicolas, José, Badri, Wadi, Bailly, Alicia, Baldy, Virginie, Bard, Edouard, Barouki, Robert, Barre, Philippe, Bassetti, Maria-Angela, Batté, Lauriane, Baudoin, Ezekiel, Beekmann, Matthias, Belhimer, Ammar, Benaïssa, Fatima, Benedetti, Fabio, Benjelloun, Badr, Benkaddour, Abdel, Ben Rais Lasram, Frida, Bergametti, Gilles, Berger, Jean-François, Bernoux, Martial, Beveren, Elisabeth Van, Bissonnais, Yves Le, Blanchet, Juliette, Blanfuné, Aurélie, Boissard, Christophe, Bonnet, Pascal, Boone, Aaron, Borbon, Agnès, Borga, Marco, Boudevillain, Brice, Bouet, Christel, Boulet, Gilles, Bounouara, Zohra, Bou Dagher, Magda, Brahim, Nadhem, Bras, Jean-Philippe, Braud, Isabelle, Briche, Elodie, Brousseau, Pierre, Cardinael, Rémi, Carozza, Jean-Michel, Carozza, Laurent, Cavicchia, Leone, Chapron, Emmanuel, Charef, Mohamed, Charki, Abderafi, Chenu, Claire, Chevallier, Tiphaine, Chiraz, Belhadj Kheder, Chotte, Jean-Luc, Colette, Augustin, Coll, Marta, Combourieu-Nebout, Nathalie, Coppola, Erika, Costes, Evelyne, Cournac, Laurent, Courp, Thierry, Cozannet, Gonéri Le, Cramer, Wolfgang, Creutin, Jean-Dominique, Dahech, Salem, Dakhlaoui, Hamouda, Daoud, Ibrahim, Darmaraki, Sofia, Darras, Sabine, Dayan, Uri, Débevec, Cécile, Delon, Claire, Delrieu, Guy, Déqué, Michel, Derridj, Arezki, Desboeufs, Karine, Dezileau, Laurent, Diakakis, Michalis, Di Sarra, Alcide, Dollé, Vincent, Doraï, Kamel, Dounias, Edmond, Douvinet, Johnny, Driouech, Fatima, Drobinski, Philippe, Ducrocq, Véronique, Dulac, François, Duponnois, Robin, Dupret, Baudouin, Durand, Pierre, Dusanter, Sébastien, D’Anna, Barbara, Elyazami, Driss, El Mehdi Saidi, Mohamed, Fady, Bruno, Fakir, Younes, Farah, Wehbeh, Fehri, Noômène, Fernandez, Catherine, Fischer, Claude, Flaounas, Emmanouil, Forastiere, Francesco, Formenti, Paola, Forslund, Agneta, Fourrié, Nadia, François Boudouresque, Charles, Galiana, Antoine, Gallali, Tahar, Garcia, Marta, Gaume, Eric, Gauquelin, Thierry, Geniez, Philippe, Genin, Didier, Genty, Dominique, Ghilardi, Matthieu, Gourley, Jonathan, Gros, Valérie, Gualdi, Silvio, Guégan, Jean-François, Guilhaumon, François, Guiot, Joël, Hachicha, Mohamed, Haddouch, Hassan, Hafidi, Mohamed, Haité, Hakima El, Halouani, Ghassen, Hamdi, Salwa, Hamdi-Aissa, Baelhadj, Hamonou, Eric, Hanich, Lahoucine, Harzallah, Ali, Hattab, Tarek, Hebert, Bertil, Himbert, Marc, Hmimsa, Younes, Hochman, Assaf, Hugot, Laetitia, Jalali, Bassem, Jambert, Corinne, Jarlan, Lionel, Javelle, Pierre, Joffre, Richard, Jorda, Gabriel, Jouve, Guillaume, Kallel, Nejib, Kallida, Rajae, Kathra, Nabil Ben, Khabba, Saïd, Khadari, Bouchaib, Khatteli, Houcine, Kotroni, Vassilki, Kuzucuoglu, Catherine, Labiadh, Mohamed, Lacroix, Denis, Lang, Michel, Lasram, Frida Ben Rais, Lasseur, Jacques, Lathière, Juliette, Laurent, Benoît, Leduc, Christian, Legave, Jean-Michel, Leriche, Maud, Lespez, Laurent, Le Loc’H, François, Li, Laurent, Lili-Chabaane, Zohra, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lionello, Piero, Liousse, Catherine, Llasat, Maria Carmen, Locoge, Nadine, Loc’H, François Le, Loireau, Maud, Longepierre, Damien, Lutoff, Céline, Mailler, Sylvain, Malinowski, Dariusz, Mallet, Marc, Manceron, Stéphane, Maouche, Said, Marchi, Lorenzo, Marcos, Marta, Martin, Eric, Martin, Luc, Martin, Nicolas, Marty, Pascal, Marty, Pauline, Massuel, Sylvain, Médail, Frédéric, Mekki, Insaf, Mellas, Samira, Menad, Wahiba, Menut, Laurent, Michon, Geneviève, Michoud, Vincent, Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos, Moatti, Jean-Paul, Mohamed Zaghloul, Alaa, Molénat, Jérôme, Molinié, Gilles, Monier, Marie, Montagna, Paulo, Montoroi, Jean-Pierre, Morillon, Raphaël, Mouaqit, Mohamed, Mouël, Chantal Le, Mouillot, Florent, Moukhli, Abdelmajid, Moullec, Fabien, Mrad Nakhlé, Myriam, Munoz, François, Nabat, Pierre, Nasrallah, Wafa, Neppel, Luc, Norton, Mark, Ouahmane, Lahcen, Ouelhazi, Bahri, Öztürk, Fatma, Page, Michel Le, Payrastre, Olivier, Planton, Serge, Podwojewski, Pascal, Pradel, Roger, Prévot, Laurent, Prin, Yves, Pulido Bosch, Antonio, Quintana-Seguí, Pere, Raclot, Damien, Raimbault, Patrick, Rajot, Jean-Louis, Ramadan Ali, Rafat, Rambal, Serge, Regnard, Jean-Luc, Remini, Boualem, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Rhaz, Khalid EL, Rhoujjati, Ali, Ricaud, Philippe, Richard, Franck, Ruelland, Denis, Ruin, Isabelle, Sabir, Mohamed, Saint-Martin, Clotilde, Salah, Ehab, Salameh, Thérèse, Sánchez, Enrique, Sanguin, Hervé, Saraux, Claire, Sartelet, Karine, Satta, Alessio, Sauvage, Stéphane, Schatz, Bertrand, Schmitt, Bertrand, Sciare, Jean, Scolobig, Anna, Sellegri, Karine, Shin, Yunne-Jai, Sicard, Michaël, Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine, Silva, Anne Da, Simenel, Romain, Simmoneau, Anaëlle, Slimani, Said, Snoussi, Maria, Solmon, Fabien, Somot, Samuel, Sonzogni, Corinne, Soussana, Jean-François, Stafoggia, Massimo, Sylvestre, Florence, Szczypta, Camille, Tachikawa, Kazuyo, Taschen, Elisa, Thibaut, Thierry, Thibon, Maxime, Thiébault, Stéphanie, Torquebiau, Emmanuel, Tramblay, Yves, Valentin, Christian, Vallet-Coulomb, Christine, Vanniere, Boris, Vennetier, Michel, Verlaque, Marc, Vicente-Serrano, Sergio, Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Vidal, Laurence, Vinet, Freddy, Viry, Elisabeth, Vogt-Schilb, Hélène, Volaire, Florence, Voltz, Marc, Waked, Antoine, Wattrelot, Eric, Yazami, Driss El, Zaher, Hayat, Zappa, Massimiliano, Zbinden, Régina, Zitouna-Chebbi, Rim, Zribi, Mehrez, Moatti, Jean-Paul, and Thiébault, Stéphane

Subjects
Méditerranée, Allenvi, changement climatique, climatic change, RNK, Environmental Studies, COP22, Mediterranean, NAT011000
Abstract

This book has been published by Allenvi (French National Alliance for Environmental Research) to coincide with the 22nd Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP22) in Marrakesh. It is the outcome of work by academic researchers on both sides of the Mediterranean and provides a remarkable scientific review of the mechanisms of climate change and its impacts on the environment, the economy, health and Mediterranean societies. It will also be valuable in developing responses that draw on “scientific evidence” to address the issues of adaptation, resource conservation, solutions and risk prevention. Reflecting the full complexity of the Mediterranean environment, the book is a major scientific contribution to the climate issue, where various scientific considerations converge to break down the boundaries between disciplines.

Published
2018

167. Sub-chapter 2.4.3. Plant biodiversity and vegetation on Mediterranean islands in the face of global change

Author

Médail, Frédéric

Abstract

Introduction The profound environmental heterogeneities and the complex historical biogeography explain the high diversity of landscapes and vegetation types in the Mediterranean Basin, one of the world’s biodiversity hot-spots (Médail & Myers, 2004). The associated high levels of biodiversity and ecological complexity have favored the emergence of functional uniqueness in several ecosystems and plant communities that occur nowhere else. With about 10,000 islands and islets (approx. 250 inhab...

Published
2018

168. La flore remarquable des Bouches-du-Rhône. Plantes, milieux naturels et paysages

Author

Médail, Frédéric, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Leydet, Michelle

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Le botaniste qui passe rapidement des bords de la mer à la Sainte-Baume est émerveillé de trouver un contraste aussi tranché entre la végétation africaine, qu'il vient de laisser, et celle qu'il rencontre dans ce bois, à près de 1 000 mètres d'élévation. Alphonse Derbès, Aperçu général sur la végétation des Bouches-du-Rhône (in Castagne, 1862).

Published
2018

169. Long-term dynamics of a remarkable Corsican wetland (Bagliettu peatland, 206 m a.s.l.)

Author

Poher, Yoann, Ponel, Philippe, Médail, Frédéric, Andrieu-Ponel, Valérie, Guiter, Frédéric, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), and Poher, Yoann

Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.BID] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

170. The Alps: A Geological, Climatic and Human Perspective on Vegetation History and Modern Plant Diversity

Author

Fauquette, Séverine, Suc, Jean-Pierre, Médail, Frédéric, Muller, Serge D., Jiménez-Moreno, Gonzalo, Bertini, Adele, Martinetto, Edoardo, Popescu, Speranta M., Zheng, Zhuo, Beaulieu, Jacques-Louis De, Université de Montpellier (UM), Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Granada [Granada], Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), University of Torino, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), GeoBioStratData.Consulting, Rillieux la Pape, France, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), ANR-08-BLAN-0303,ERD-Alps,Erosion and Relief Development in the Western Alps(2008), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Leydet, Michelle, and Blanc - Erosion and Relief Development in the Western Alps - - ERD-Alps2008 - ANR-08-BLAN-0303 - BLANC - VALID

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, mountain uplift, Cenozoic, Paleo!phytogeography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Pollen, Climatic cycles, Paleoaltitude, Global cooling
Abstract

International audience; Mountain ecosystems, and in particular European Alpine ecosystems, have a rich biodiversity, as they represent complex associations controlled by elevation, soils and rocks, and climatic conditions following latitude, longitude, slope orientation and aspect. Vegetation belts are organized with respect to altitude according to a concomitant decrease in temperature and increase in precipitation, and are defined by their dominant plant elements. Plant diversity within the Alps also results from these mountainsÕ location at the transition point between cold"temperate and warm"temperate climates, as well as from their historical biogeography. In order to explain how past environmental changes have shaped the modern plant diversity and the organization of vegetation in altitudinal belts, a temporal dimension may be provided by paleovegetation data. Abundant micro" (pollen) and macro"remains (leaves, fruits, seeds) show that European Cenozoic vegetation exhibits a similar latitudinal and altitudinal organization to the vegetation belts observed today in south"eastern China, where most of the taxa!Ð!missing in Europe since the late Neogene!Ð!now occur. Late Eocene to Pliocene pollen floras of the south"western and Eastern Alps are characterized by the presence of megatherm plants and an abundance of mega"mesotherm plants. These are typical of moist evergreen low"altitude forests, and are characterized by the presence of Cathaya, a conifer now restricted to subtropical China at mid to high elevations. Pollen data indicate the presence of Abies/Picea forests at high altitudes since at least the Oligocene. Since then, several thermophilous taxa have declined, and some have disappeared from the Alps due to natural or human" related processes that are responsible for the modern plant diversity pattern there. These processes include the uplift of the mountain range, which began ca. 35 Ma, late Neogene global cooling, Pleistocene glacials/interglacials and more recent human impact.

Published
2018

171. A comprehensive, genus-level time-calibrated phylogeny of the tree flora of Mediterranean Europe and an assessment of its vulnerability

Author

Cheikh Albassatneh, Marwan, primary, Escudero, Marcial, additional, Ponger, Loic, additional, Monnet, Anne-Christine, additional, Arroyo, Juan, additional, Nikolic, Toni, additional, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, additional, Bagnoli, Francesca, additional, Dimopoulos, Panayotis, additional, Leriche, Agathe, additional, Médail, Frédéric, additional, Roig, Anne, additional, Spanu, Ilaria, additional, Vendramin, Giovanni Giuseppe, additional, Hampe, Arndt, additional, and Fady, Bruno, additional

Published
2019
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172. A strong east–west Mediterranean divergence supports a new phylogeographic history of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua, Leguminosae) and multiple domestications from native populations

Author

Viruel, Juan, primary, Le Galliot, Nicolas, additional, Pironon, Samuel, additional, Nieto Feliner, Gonzalo, additional, Suc, Jean‐Pierre, additional, Lakhal‐Mirleau, Fatma, additional, Juin, Marianick, additional, Selva, Marjorie, additional, Bou Dagher Kharrat, Magda, additional, Ouahmane, Lahcen, additional, La Malfa, Stefano, additional, Diadema, Katia, additional, Sanguin, Hervé, additional, Médail, Frédéric, additional, and Baumel, Alex, additional

Published
2019
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174. What is a tree in the mediterranean basin hotspot? A critical analysis

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Médail, Frédéric, Monnet, Anne Christine, Pavon, Daniel, Nikolic̈, Toni, Dimopoulos, Panayotis, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Arroyo Marín, Juan, Barina, Zoltán, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Médail, Frédéric, Monnet, Anne Christine, Pavon, Daniel, Nikolic̈, Toni, Dimopoulos, Panayotis, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Arroyo Marín, Juan, and Barina, Zoltán

Abstract

Background: Tree species represent 20% of the vascular plant species worldwide and they play a crucial role in the global functioning of the biosphere. The Mediterranean Basin is one of the 36 world biodiversity hotspots, and it is estimated that forests covered 82% of the landscape before the first human impacts, thousands of years ago. However, the spatial distribution of the Mediterranean biodiversity is still imperfectly known, and a focus on tree species constitutes a key issue for understanding forest functioning and develop conservation strategies. Methods: We provide the first comprehensive checklist of all native tree taxa (species and subspecies) present in the Mediterranean-European region (from Portugal to Cyprus). We identified some cases of woody species difficult to categorize as trees that we further called “cryptic trees”. We collected the occurrences of tree taxa by “administrative regions”, i.e. country or large island, and by biogeographical provinces. We studied the species-area relationship, and evaluated the conservation issues for threatened taxa following IUCN criteria. Results: We identified 245 tree taxa that included 210 species and 35 subspecies, belonging to 33 families and 64 genera. It included 46 endemic tree taxa (30 species and 16 subspecies), mainly distributed within a single biogeographical unit. The countries with the highest tree richness are Greece (146 taxa), Italy (133), Albania (122), Spain (155), Macedonia (116), and Croatia (110). The species-area relationship clearly discriminated the richest central-eastern (Balkans) and northern (Alpine and Cevenno-Pyrenean) biogeographical provinces, against the five western provinces in the Iberian Peninsula. We identified 44 unrecognized “cryptic trees”, representing 21% of the total trees. Among the 245 taxa identified, 19 are considered to be threatened (15 CR + EN + VU) or near threatened (4 NT) by IUCN. Conclusions: The Mediterranean-European region includes an unsuspectedly hi

Published
2019

177. When ecological marginality is not geographically peripheral: exploring genetic predictions of the centre-periphery hypothesis in the endemic plant Lilium pomponium.

Author

Casazza, Gabriele, Macrì, Carmelo, Dagnino, Davide, Guerrina, Maria, Juin, Marianick, Minuto, Luigi, Thompson, John D., Baumel, Alex, and Médail, Frédéric

Subjects
GENETIC variation, ENDEMIC plants, LILIES, POPULATION dynamics, FORECASTING, HYPOTHESIS
Abstract

Background: Quantifying variation of genetic traits over the geographical range of species is crucial for understanding the factors driving their range dynamics. The center-periphery hypothesis postulates, and many studies support, the idea that genetic diversity decreases and genetic differentiation increases toward the geographical periphery due to population isolation. The effects of environmental marginality on genetic variation has however received much less attention. Methods: We tested the concordance between geographical and environmental gradients and the genetic predictions of center-periphery hypothesis for endemic Lilium pomponium in the southern Alps. Results: We found little evidence for concordance between genetic variation and both geographical and environmental gradients. Although the prediction of increased differentiation at range limits is met, genetic diversity does not decrease towards the geographical periphery. Increased differentiation among peripheral populations, that are not ecologically marginal, may be explained by a decrease in habitat availability that reduces population connectivity. In contrast, a decrease of genetic diversity along environmental but not geographical gradients may be due to the presence of low quality habitats in the different parts of the range of a species that reduce effective population size or increase environmental constraints. As a result, environmental factors may affect population dynamics irrespective of distance from the geographical center of the range. In such situations of discordance between geographical and environmental gradients, the predictions of decreasing genetic diversity and increasing differentiation toward the geographical periphery may not be respected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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178. What are the ecological drivers of symbiotic microbiome assemblages? The case of an antic affair between an iconic Mediterranean fruit tree and its symbiotic microbiome

Author

Frédéric Mahé, Tisseyre, Pierre, Tournier, Estelle, Khassali, Hamza, Christine Le Roux, Geoffroy, Alexandre, Mirleau, Pascal, Miché, L., Arrighi, Jean-François, Duponnois, Robin, Hafidi, Mohamed, Ouhammou, A., Vincentelli, Bruno, Anziani, Carole, Hugot, Laetitia, Diadema, Katia, Feliner, Gonzalo Nieto, Viruel, Juan, Médail, Frédéric, Bou Dagher Kharrat, Magda, La Malfa, Stefano, Prin, Yves, Ouahmane, Lahcen, Baumel, Alex, and Sanguin, Hervé

Abstract

The root symbiotic microbiome, notably arbuscular mycorrizal (AM) fungi, is a key factor of plant ecology and agro-ecosystem functioning, but the relative contribution of multiple ecological factors driving their diversity and assemblage are poorly assessed. Moreover, few studies have approached this question with a wide geographical perspective, which is important when dealing with domesticated fruit trees characterised by diverse cultivated, feral or wild populations, and consequently subjected to a wide range of environmental constraints and selection pressures. In the framework of the international project DYNAMIC (Deciphering sYmbiotic Networks in cArob-based MedIterranean agro-eCosystems), a metabarcoding approach was developed to assess the specificity of tree-symbiotic microbiome associations and to characterise the relative contribution of main ecological drivers of symbiotic microbiome associated with the carob tree in the Mediterranean basin. The carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua) is a multi-use tree of high socio-economical added value with a major place in the traditional rural landscapes of Mediterranean regions. It belongs to the highly diverse family of legumes (Fabaceae) but does not nodulate. However, the carob tree is highly dependent of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, and bacterial endophytes were hypothesized as a second major symbiotic partner. Domestication in the Middle-East around 6,000-4,000 BC may have caused extensive genetic and physiological modifications in carob, conducing to potential changes/adaptations of its associated symbiotic microbiome. These impacts have been investigated for domesticated cereals but rarely for trees. The results provide new insights into the characterization of a Mediterranean core and accessory ”SymbiOme” of the carob tree, highlighting geographical patterns, as well as the contribution of host genetic diversity, habitat and edaphic parameters. The better understanding of ecological rules controlling the specificity of interaction in tree symbiotic associations opens up promising perspectives for the development of more efficient strategies in conservation and agroecology based on plant microbiome symbiosis.

Published
2018

179. Les îles et les archipels

Author

Pavon, Daniel, Médail, Frédéric, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Leydet, Michelle

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

180. René Molinier et son œuvre dédiée à la flore et à la végétation des Bouches-du-Rhône

Author

Michaud, Henri, Médail, Frédéric, Conservatoire Botanique National Méditerranéen de Porquerolles, Conservatoire National Botanique, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leydet, Michelle, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

181. Colchicum filifolium (Cambess.) Stef

Author

Médail, Frédéric, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), and Leydet, Michelle

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

182. Anemone palmata L

Author

Auda, Pascal, Médail, Frédéric, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Leydet, Michelle, and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

183. Biogéographie de la flore du Sahara. Une biodiversité en situation extrême

Author

Médail, Frédéric, Quézel, Pierre, Leydet, Michelle, IRD Éditions/CJBG, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

NOTICE; International audience

Published
2018

184. Liste chronologique des publications scientifiques (1947-2018) du professeur Pierre Quézel

Author

Médail, Frédéric, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

185. Pierre Quézel (1926-2015), une vie et une œuvre scientifique entre Méditerranée et Sahara

Author

Médail, Frédéric, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

186. The carob tree at the crossroad of domestication center and refugia hypotheses

Author

Baumel, Alex, Mirleau, Pascal, Pironon, Samuel, Nieto-Feliner, Gonzalo, Bou Dagher Kharrat, Magda, La Malfa, Stefano, Ouahmane, Lahcen, Diadema, Katia, Suc, Jean-Pierre, Juin, Marianick, Médail, Frédéric, Sanguin, Hervé, Le Galliot, Nicolas, and Viruel, Juan

Abstract

The Mediterranean thermophilous woodlands were early affected by human activities, mainly for forage and fruits harvest. The recurring exchanges that followed between natural ecosystems and cultivated areas have constituted a pivotal aspect in the process of Mediterranean fruit tree domestication. Determining the native status of Mediterranean fruit tree populations is a challenging task for phylogeography because early human influences began just after post glacial migrations. Here we applied phylogeographic methods and new NGS markers to tackle this issue for the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L., Leguminosae). Carob tree has been widely exploited for food and forage since antiquity and is currently used for industrial, agricultural and soil restoration purposes. The origin of carob tree populations throughout the Mediterranean basin has been associated to an historical process of dissemination by humans since its domestication in the Middle-East around 6,000-4,000 BC. However, vegetation studies stated that carob tree is a widespread component of thermophilous forest vegetation and opened a debate about the native or feral status of its populations. We used ca. 1000 genotypes based on SNPs and SSR markers to infer the main geographical genetic pools and we used multiple regression analyses based on distance matrices to assess the relative contribution to genetic differentiation of geographical distance, environment and hypotheses on past environments (past climatic suitability and human dissemination routes). In parallel, we developed new historical hypotheses from a review of Ceratonia fossils and species distribution modelling projected into past scenarios and we compared them to a Middle East domestication origin hypothesis. Unexpectedly, our results did not support a recent expansion from the eastern to the western Mediterranean. By contrast, a western Mediterranean refugium hypothesis prevailed, underlining the conservation importance of thermophilous forests for genetic resources of semi-domesticated tree species.

Published
2018

187. Hommage scientifique à Pierre Quézel [Editorial Material]

Author

Médail, Frédéric, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

191. A strong east–west Mediterranean divergence supports a new phylogeographic history of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua, Leguminosae) and multiple domestications from native populations.

Author

Viruel, Juan, Le Galliot, Nicolas, Pironon, Samuel, Nieto Feliner, Gonzalo, Suc, Jean‐Pierre, Lakhal‐Mirleau, Fatma, Juin, Marianick, Selva, Marjorie, Bou Dagher Kharrat, Magda, Ouahmane, Lahcen, La Malfa, Stefano, Diadema, Katia, Sanguin, Hervé, Médail, Frédéric, and Baumel, Alex

Subjects
CAROB, LAST Glacial Maximum, LEGUMES, ENGLISH ivy, FRUIT trees, SPECIES distribution, OLIGOCENE Epoch
Abstract

Aim: Phylogeography of fruit trees is challenging due to recurrent exchanges between domesticated and wild populations. Here we tested the eastern refugium hypothesis (ERH) for the carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua, which supports its natural and domestication origins in the eastern Mediterranean and a feral origin in the west. Location: Mediterranean basin. Taxon: Ceratonia siliqua L., Leguminosae. Methods: A phylogenetic reconstruction based on two nuclear and one plastid sequences was performed to estimate the divergence time between the carob tree and its sister species, Ceratonia oreothauma. Variation from four plastid regions and 17 nuclear microsatellite loci were used to decipher genetic structure in the carob tree and to test coalescent‐based models by an Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) approach. We assessed our hypotheses by examining palaeobotanical records and hindcasting the past distribution of the carob tree at Mid‐Holocene, Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Last Interglacial (LIG) using species distribution modelling. Results: The split between C. oreothauma and C. siliqua was estimated at 6.4 Ma, and a first divergence within C. siliqua at 1.3 Ma. After a continuous presence since the Oligocene, Ceratonia was rarely found in the fossil record during the Pleistocene but present in the western and the eastern Mediterranean. Plastid and nuclear markers, characterized by low allelic richness, revealed a strong west‐east genetic structuring. ABC analyses rejected the ERH. Main conclusions: Our study supports a severe population decline during LIG. The strong west–east divergence and the occurrence of four lineages within C. siliqua provided support for a new hypothesis of multiple domestications of the carob tree from native populations throughout the Mediterranean basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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192. Advances in genotyping microsatellite markers through sequencing and consequences of scoring methods forCeratonia siliqua(Leguminosae)

Author

Viruel, Juan, primary, Haguenauer, Anne, additional, Juin, Marianick, additional, Mirleau, Fatma, additional, Bouteiller, Delphine, additional, Boudagher‐Kharrat, Magda, additional, Ouahmane, Lahcen, additional, La Malfa, Stefano, additional, Médail, Frédéric, additional, Sanguin, Hervé, additional, Nieto Feliner, Gonzalo, additional, and Baumel, Alex, additional

Published
2018
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194. The human-driven impacts on a long-term affair between an iconic Mediterranean fruit tree and its microbiome

Author

Sanguin, Hervé, Mahé, Frédéric, Ouahmane, Lahcen, Tisseyre, Pierre, Tournier, Estelle, Khassali, Hamza, Le Roux, Christine, Prin, Yves, Miche, Lucie, Mirleau, Pascal, Duponnois, Robin, Arrighi, Jean-François, Hafidi, Mohamed, Ouhammou, A., Vincentelli, Bruno, Anziani, Carole, Hugo, Laetitia, Diadema, Katia, Feliner, Gonzalo Nieto, Mirleau, Fatma, Bou Dagher Kharrat, Magda, La Malfa, Stefano, Médail, Frédéric, Viruel, Juan, Baumel, Alex, Sanguin, Hervé, Mahé, Frédéric, Ouahmane, Lahcen, Tisseyre, Pierre, Tournier, Estelle, Khassali, Hamza, Le Roux, Christine, Prin, Yves, Miche, Lucie, Mirleau, Pascal, Duponnois, Robin, Arrighi, Jean-François, Hafidi, Mohamed, Ouhammou, A., Vincentelli, Bruno, Anziani, Carole, Hugo, Laetitia, Diadema, Katia, Feliner, Gonzalo Nieto, Mirleau, Fatma, Bou Dagher Kharrat, Magda, La Malfa, Stefano, Médail, Frédéric, Viruel, Juan, and Baumel, Alex

Abstract

The Mediterranean thermophilous woodlands were shaped by human activities for millenia, mainly for forage and fruits harvest. The recurring exchanges that followed between forests and cultivated areas have constituted a pivotal aspect in the process of Mediterranean fruit tree domestication. Since its domestication in the Middle-East around 6,000-4,000 years BP, the carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua L. (Leguminosae), has probably experienced extensive genetic and physiological modifications conducing to potential changes of a major compartment of its functioning: the microbiome. The carob tree is highly dependent of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, but some evidences tends to demonstrate bacterial endophytes as a second major symbiotic partner. In the framework of the international project DYNAMIC (Deciphering sYmbiotic Networks in cArob-based MedIterranean agro-eCosystems), high-throughput sequencing methods were applied to estimate several proxies of the carob tree-microbiome diversity and to correlate it to carob tree ecology and phylogeography at the Mediterranean scale. The results provide new insights into the characterization of a Mediterranean core and accessory carob tree-microbiome, highlighting geographical patterns, as well as the contribution of host genetic diversity, habitat and edaphic parameters. New avenues for reflexion regarding the relative role of history and habitat (cultivated vs wild) as drivers of tree-microbiome are also proposed. The conclusions open up promising perspectives for the development of more efficient strategies in conservation and agroecology based on tree-microbiome management.

Published
2018

195. Advances in genotyping microsatellite markers through sequencing and consequences of scoring methods for Ceratonia siliqua (Leguminosae)

Author

Viruel, Juan, Haguenauer, Anne, Juin, Marianick, Mirleau, Fatma, Bouteiller, Delphine, Boudagher-Kharrat, Magda, Ouahmane, Lahcen, La Malfa, Stefano, Médail, Frédéric, Sanguin, Hervé, Feliner, Gonzalo Nieto, Baumel, Alex, Viruel, Juan, Haguenauer, Anne, Juin, Marianick, Mirleau, Fatma, Bouteiller, Delphine, Boudagher-Kharrat, Magda, Ouahmane, Lahcen, La Malfa, Stefano, Médail, Frédéric, Sanguin, Hervé, Feliner, Gonzalo Nieto, and Baumel, Alex

Abstract

Premise of the Study: Simple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite markers have been used in a broad range of studies mostly scoring alleles on the basis of amplicon size as a proxy for the number of repeat units of an SSR motif. However, additional sources of variation within the SSR or in the flanking regions have largely remained undetected. Methods: In this study, we implemented a next‐generation sequencing–based genotyping approach in a newly characterized set of 18 nuclear SSR markers for the carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of three different methods of scoring molecular variation present within microsatellite markers on the genetic diversity and structure results. Results: The analysis of the sequences of 77 multilocus genotypes from four populations revealed SSR variation and additional sources of polymorphism in 87% of the loci analyzed (42 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms and five insertion/deletion polymorphisms), as well as divergent paralog copies in two loci. Ignoring sequence variation under standard amplicon size genotyping resulted in incorrect identification of 69% of the alleles, with important effects on the genetic diversity and structure estimates. Discussion: Next‐generation sequencing allows the detection and scoring of SSRs, single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, and insertion/deletion polymorphisms to increase the resolution of population genetic studies.

Published
2018

196. What are the ecological drivers of symbiotic microbiome assemblages? The case of an antic affair between an iconic Mediterranean fruit tree and its symbiotic microbiome

Author

Mahé, Frédéric, Tisseyre, Pierre, Tournier, Estelle, Khassali, Hamza, Le Roux, Christine, Geoffroy, Alexandre, Mirleau, Pascal, Miché, L., Arrighi, Jean-François, Duponnois, Robin, Hafidi, Mohamed, Ouhammou, A., Vincentelli, Bruno, Anziani, Carole, Hugot, Laetitia, Diadema, Katia, Feliner, Gonzalo Nieto, Viruel, Juan, Médail, Frédéric, Bou Dagher Kharrat, Magda, La Malfa, Stefano, Prin, Yves, Ouahmane, Lahcen, Baumel, Alex, Sanguin, Hervé, Mahé, Frédéric, Tisseyre, Pierre, Tournier, Estelle, Khassali, Hamza, Le Roux, Christine, Geoffroy, Alexandre, Mirleau, Pascal, Miché, L., Arrighi, Jean-François, Duponnois, Robin, Hafidi, Mohamed, Ouhammou, A., Vincentelli, Bruno, Anziani, Carole, Hugot, Laetitia, Diadema, Katia, Feliner, Gonzalo Nieto, Viruel, Juan, Médail, Frédéric, Bou Dagher Kharrat, Magda, La Malfa, Stefano, Prin, Yves, Ouahmane, Lahcen, Baumel, Alex, and Sanguin, Hervé

Abstract

The root symbiotic microbiome, notably arbuscular mycorrizal (AM) fungi, is a key factor of plant ecology and agro-ecosystem functioning, but the relative contribution of multiple ecological factors driving their diversity and assemblage are poorly assessed. Moreover, few studies have approached this question with a wide geographical perspective, which is important when dealing with domesticated fruit trees characterised by diverse cultivated, feral or wild populations, and consequently subjected to a wide range of environmental constraints and selection pressures. In the framework of the international project DYNAMIC (Deciphering sYmbiotic Networks in cArob-based MedIterranean agro-eCosystems), a metabarcoding approach was developed to assess the specificity of tree-symbiotic microbiome associations and to characterise the relative contribution of main ecological drivers of symbiotic microbiome associated with the carob tree in the Mediterranean basin. The carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua) is a multi-use tree of high socio-economical added value with a major place in the traditional rural landscapes of Mediterranean regions. It belongs to the highly diverse family of legumes (Fabaceae) but does not nodulate. However, the carob tree is highly dependent of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, and bacterial endophytes were hypothesized as a second major symbiotic partner. Domestication in the Middle-East around 6,000-4,000 BC may have caused extensive genetic and physiological modifications in carob, conducing to potential changes/adaptations of its associated symbiotic microbiome. These impacts have been investigated for domesticated cereals but rarely for trees. The results provide new insights into the characterization of a Mediterranean core and accessory ”SymbiOme” of the carob tree, highlighting geographical patterns, as well as the contribution of host genetic diversity, habitat and edaphic parameters. The better understanding of ecological rules controlling the

Published
2018

197. Assessment of plant species diversity associated with the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua, Fabaceae) at the Mediterranean scale

Author

Baumel, Alex, Mirleau, Pascal, Viruel, Juan, Dagher-Kharrat, Magda Bou, La Malfa, Stefano, Ouahmane, Lahcen, Diadema, Katia, Moakhar, Marwa, Sanguin, Hervé, Médail, Frédéric, Baumel, Alex, Mirleau, Pascal, Viruel, Juan, Dagher-Kharrat, Magda Bou, La Malfa, Stefano, Ouahmane, Lahcen, Diadema, Katia, Moakhar, Marwa, Sanguin, Hervé, and Médail, Frédéric

Abstract

Background and aims: The thermophilous woodlands of the Mediterranean region constitute reservoirs of genetic resources for several fruit trees. Among them, the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua) is a key component of traditional Mediterranean agroecosystems but its ecology was never assessed at the scale of its whole distribution area. Fortunately, phytosociological literature shelters invaluable resources for several issues in conservation, among them the possibility to analyse plant biodiversity at regional or continental scale. Here, we present the results of a comprehensive survey of the phytosociological literature associated to carob tree. Methods : We collected 1542 floristic relevés performed in 18 geographical areas distributed around the Mediterranean in which the presence of C. siliqua was recorded. Species composition of the plant communities was analysed by multivariate ordination and hierarchical classification, and species diversity was evaluated by rarefaction and prediction analyses of Hill numbers. Key results : Multivariate analyses revealed that plant communities associated with the carob tree are well differentiated between the Western and Eastern basins. A wider range of floristic differentiation is revealed in the Western basin where the vegetation reaches its maximal heterogeneity. By comparison, in the Eastern basin the plant assemblages associated with the carob tree are more homogeneous and with a lower species richness but a higher Simpson diversity. Conclusions : The large ecological range of the Mediterranean carob trees is potentially an important evolutionary legacy for the conservation of genetic resources and seed sourcing for new uses such as restoration ecology.

Published
2018

198. Advances in genotyping microsatellite markers through sequencing and consequences of scoring methods for Ceratonia siliqua (Leguminosae)

Author

Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Viruel, Juan, Haguenauer, Anne, Juin, Marianick, Mirleau, Fatma, Bouteiller, Delphine, Boudagher-Kharrat, Magda, Ouahmane, Lahcen, La Malfa, Stefano, Médail, Frédéric, Sanguin, Hervé, Nieto Feliner, Gonzalo, Baumel, Alex, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Viruel, Juan, Haguenauer, Anne, Juin, Marianick, Mirleau, Fatma, Bouteiller, Delphine, Boudagher-Kharrat, Magda, Ouahmane, Lahcen, La Malfa, Stefano, Médail, Frédéric, Sanguin, Hervé, Nieto Feliner, Gonzalo, and Baumel, Alex

Abstract

Premise of the Study: Simple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite markers have been used in a broad range of studies mostly scoring alleles on the basis of amplicon size as a proxy for the number of repeat units of an SSR motif. However, additional sources of variation within the SSR or in the flanking regions have largely remained undetected. Methods: In this study, we implemented a next-generation sequencing–based genotyping approach in a newly characterized set of 18 nuclear SSR markers for the carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of three different methods of scoring molecular variation present within microsatellite markers on the genetic diversity and structure results. Results: The analysis of the sequences of 77 multilocus genotypes from four populations revealed SSR variation and additional sources of polymorphism in 87% of the loci analyzed (42 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and five insertion/deletion polymorphisms), as well as divergent paralog copies in two loci. Ignoring sequence variation under standard amplicon size genotyping resulted in incorrect identification of 69% of the alleles, with important effects on the genetic diversity and structure estimates. Discussion: Next-generation sequencing allows the detection and scoring of SSRs, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and insertion/deletion polymorphisms to increase the resolution of population genetic studies.

Published
2018

199. Surviving glaciations in the Mediterranean region: An alternative to the long-term refugia hypothesis

Author

Migliore, Jérémy, Baumel, Alex, Leriche, Agathe, Juin, Marianick, Médail, Frédéric, Migliore, Jérémy, Baumel, Alex, Leriche, Agathe, Juin, Marianick, and Médail, Frédéric

Abstract

The simultaneous application of species distribution modelling (SDM) and study of genetic imprints left by range dynamics is appropriate when examining the biogeographical processes that have favoured the survival of plants through past climate changes. Nevertheless, such an approach is rarely performed on the scale of the entire Mediterranean and almost never concerns widespread thermophilous plants. Here, we examine the biogeographical responses of an important Mediterranean shrub, Myrtus communis (Myrtaceae), to severe Quaternary climate conditions. Our analysis combines SDM and phylogeography based on plastid/nuclear DNA sequences and AFLP data. Palaeoclimatic models using MaxEnt and levels of genetic diversity in M. communis are used to infer drastic changes in areas of climatic suitability during the last 130 000 years, with a southward range contraction during the Last Glacial Maximum. Modelling of past areas of suitability for M. communis identifies a few relatively small long-term refugia, suggesting that it survived in temporary refugia during glacial periods. Myrtus communis is characterized by a higher genetic diversity and distinctiveness in the southern part of its range, where it was less impacted by glaciations. The structure of genetic diversity reveals stronger range expansions in the western part of the range, whereas migration processes remained much more restricted in the eastern Mediterranean., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2018

200. Le patrimoine naturel de l'île de Cavallo (archipel des Lavezzi, Corse) : écologie, biogéographie et conservation

Author

Médail, Frédéric, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

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