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Previous studies have talked about the existence of a relation between the Atlantic meridional mode (AMM) and Atlantic zonal mode (AZM) via the meridional displacement of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in the Atlantic during boreal spring and the resulting cross-equatorial zonal winds. However, why the strong relation between the ITCZ (or AMM) and zonal winds does not translate into a strong relation between the ITCZ and AZM has not been explained. This question is addressed here, and it is found that there is a skewness in the relation between ITCZ and AZM: while a northward migration of ITCZ during spring in general leads to a cold AZM event in the ensuing summer, the southward migration of the ITCZ is less likely to lead to a warm event. This is contrary to what the previous studies imply. The skewness is attributed to the Atlantic seasonal cycle and to the strong seasonality of the AZM. All those cold AZM events preceded by a northward ITCZ movement during spring are found to strictly adhere to typical timings and evolution of the different Bjerknes feedback components involved. It is also observed that the causative mechanisms of warm events are more diverse than those of the cold events. These results can be expected to enhance our understanding of the AZM as well as that of chronic model biases and contribute to the predictability of the Indian summer monsoon through the links between the two as shown in our earlier studies.

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 46(10), (2019): 5369-5377, doi: 10.1029/2019GL082078.

Cyclone Phailin, which developed over the Bay of Bengal in October 2013, was one of the strongest tropical cyclones to make landfall in India. We study the response of the salinity-stratified north Bay of Bengal to Cyclone Phailin with the help of hourly observations from three open-ocean moorings 200 km from the cyclone track, a mooring close to the cyclone track, daily sea surface salinity (SSS) fromAquarius, and a one-dimensional model. Before the arrival of Phailin, moored observations showed a shallow layer of low-salinity water lying above a deep, warm “barrier” layer. As the winds strengthened, upper-ocean mixing due to enhanced vertical shear of storm-generated currents led to a rapid increase of near-surface salinity. Sea surface temperature (SST) cooled very little, however, because the prestorm subsurface ocean was warm.AquariusSSS increased by 1.5–3 psu over an area of nearly one million square kilometers in the north Bay of Bengal. A one-dimensional model, with initial conditions and surface forcing based on moored observations, shows that cyclone winds rapidly eroded the shallow, salinity-dominated density stratification and mixed the upper ocean to 40–50-m depth, consistent with observations. Model sensitivity experiments indicate that changes in ocean mixed layer temperature in response to Cyclone Phailin are small. A nearly isothermal, salinity-stratified barrier layer in the prestorm upper ocean has two effects. First, near-surface density stratification reduces the depth of vertical mixing. Second, mixing is confined to the nearly isothermal layer, resulting in little or no SST cooling.

Satellite observations have shown that the largest and most prolonged Maud Rise open‐ocean polynya since the 1970s appeared on 14 September 2017 (~9.3 × 103 km2) within the seasonal sea‐ice cover which expanded maximum on 1 December 2017 (~298.1 × 103 km2) and existed for 79 days. Record negative anomalies of sea‐ice concentration were observed in and around the polynya. The occurrence of the polynya was associated with a large cyclonic eddy and negative wind stress curl that facilitated melting of sea‐ice. Concurrently, a region of positive sea level pressure anomalies extended over the entire northern Weddell Sea accompanied by record low negative anomalies (deep depressions) over the southwest Weddell Sea and the Maud Rise. The atmospheric circulation anomalies advected moist‐warm air from the midlatitudes, resulted a record atmospheric warming (~11.5 °C) in the Maud Rise that favored this rare event as one of the largest open‐ocean polynyas.

The integration of flow-induced mechanical interlocking, interlayer-controlled atomic diffusion and self-reacting brazing benefit is employed to achieve an improved load-bearing performance of the dissimilar AA2024-T3/copper joint via the use of Dieless Friction Stir Extrusion-Brazing (DFSE-B). A comparative study of the Dieless Friction Stir Extrusion-Brazing (DFSE-B) and Friction Stir Spot Welding-Brazing (FSSW-B) of the dissimilar AA2024-T3/Cu joint was investigated by using a 100 µm thick Zn interlayer. The microstructure, tensile-shear load, and fracture modes of the respective joints were examined. The results show that Zn solidification-induced voids are inevitable at the brazed zones of both joints and the DFSE-B process suppresses flow-induced defect, unlike the FSSW-B process. An improved tensile-shear load with a significant toughness is achieved by the DFSE-B process due to the absence of tool-induced keyhole, and the intrinsic mechanical interlocking of the softer Al alloy into the harder Cu alloy. The DFSE-B is a suitable welding alternative for reactive metals.

The study is to investigate the physical, mechanical, and tribological properties of Al6063 alloy reinforced by Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) & compound Copper Nitrate (CuN2O6) processed via Powder Metallurgy (PM) Techniques. Incorporation of reinforcement in matrix material ranged from 6 to 12% Si3N4 in a 6-step interval, and 2 to 6%CuN2O6 in a two-step interval. The characterizations were made on the PM produced specimens using OM, EDS, XRD and hardness. The reinforcement particles were distributed uniformly is attributed by homogeneous mixer of matrix and reinforcements. The tests were carried out in accordance with ASTM Standards on the Al6063 alloy and its composites. The test findings show that as the reinforcing percentage of ceramic and inorganic compound is increased, properties such as hardness and density rise monolithically and considerably. The dispersion of Si3N4 and CuN2O6 reinforcement in the AA6061 matrix was ensured by x-ray diffraction patterns. In comparison to the base alloy, the hardness of AA6063/12%Si3N4/6% CuN2O6 improved by 88% due to the mismatch of thermal expansion between the Al matrix and reinforcement causes huge internal stress, causing the aluminium matrix to deform plastically to lodge the smaller volume expansion of Si3N4 and CuN2O6 particles. The dry sliding wear test was carried out on a tribometer with a pin-on-disc arrangement, and the findings show that the composite has a higher wear resistance. The Taguchi design of experiments was used to investigate the solution containing parameters employing an orthogonal array, the signal-to-noise ratio, and analysis of variance. The weight percentage of Si3N4/CuN2O6 compound and the relationship between wt% of reinforcement and applied load had the highest impact on composite wear resistance, accounted for 31.66%. Before and after the wear morphology during the wear test, images from a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive microscopy were used to examine the manufactured composites.

In this study tool wear, cutting zone temperature, cutting forces, and material removal rate (MRR) were analysed using three different coating materials during the turning of high silicon aluminium alloy. The results that are derived on coating thickness were analysed in terms of specific coating materials from the proposed numerical investigation. Feed rate was also analysed with respect to output performance on tool wear, cutting temperature, MRR, and cutting forces. Decrease of 90% wear depth on the work piece was confirmed from titanium carbide coated with 3 microns (μm) coated tool and compared with Al2O3 coated tool during the comparison study between coated tools. Cutting forces were determined with proper care and close observation. The highest tool wear of 0.00461 mm was observed using Al2O3 coated tool thickness of 5 microns (μm). The lowest tool wear of 0.00043 mm was observed using TiC coated tool thickness of 3 microns (μm) with minimum cutting force of 74.31 N and also the highest MRR was obtained in the same. It was evident from the observation that the reduction of forces occurred using 2 microns (μm) coated tool on Al2O3leading to the drastic reduction in the thickness up to 67%. The value again reduced when compared with titanium carbide tool on the work piece metal. The analysis established the minimization of tool wear, cutting force, cutting temperature due to lower feed rates. But there was an increase in case of MRR due to lower feed rates. Al2O3 coated cutting tool insert which has maximum tool wear was chosen for the experiment work and the simulations were carried out using Deform2D software. Tool wear length was compared by using SEM images and tool wear was discussed.

Copper (Cu) metal matrix composite (MMC) was developed with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as reinforcement by using powder metallurgy (PM) technique. The composition of the composites is Cu, Cu-4 wt% MWCNT, Cu-8 wt% MWCNT, and Cu-12 wt% MWCNT. The Cu and MWCNTs were blended for 6 hours in a ball mill and compacted at a 6 ton pressure to form green compacts using a 10 ton hydraulic press. Using a tubular furnace, the heat was applied at 900°C for 1.5 hours to impart strength and integrity to the green compacts. Milled composite blends were studied to analyze its characterization through SEM and EDAX analysis. Characterization studies such as SEM and EDAX confirm the presence and even dispersion of Cu and MWCNT constituents. The relative density, hardness, and ultimate compressive strength have been studied, and a remarkable improvement in properties has been obtained by the inclusion of MWCNTs. The composites reinforced by 8 and 12 wt% MWCNT were recorded with low thermal conductivity than the Cu composite reinforced by 4 wt% MWCNT. A wear study was analyzed using Taguchi technique for determining the effect caused by the wear test parameters and MWCNT content on wear rate. The optimized parameter that contributes minimum wear rate was identified as 12 wt% MWCNT content, 10 N applied load, 2 m/s sliding velocity, and 500 m sliding distance. Based on the obtained results, it could be understood that the produced composites can be utilized for various applications like relay contact springs and switchgear, rotor bars, and bus bars.

The replacement of substances that favor the manufacturing of utility blocks ingredients is unpredictable in modern research. The experimental approach structured for the present investigation considered partial substitution of the cement mantle of a concrete matrix with dried fly ash sediment powder. As exploring innovation in being treated, dye wastewater is used in place of precious potable water for preparing mix ratio. The experimental outcomes were strongly supported by a regression representation at a macrolevel analysis and a scanning electron microscopy analysis at a microstructural level. The correlation coefficient of the developed mathematical models exhibited a dependable correlation of more than 90%. This shows the reliability of the developed regression equation for base strength predictions. Accordingly, the eventual safer and optimal limit of proportioning such a foreign matter like the dried fly ash sediment powder usage is controlled, not exceeding 9% by weight of cement mantle. However, due to the infused sediment particles within the treated effluents, the potable water is 100% replaced without sacrificing the basic quality. The administration of this dye effluent in artificially constructed wetland methods is designed for sustainable water conservation.

Composite materials with carbon nanotube and graphene attachments have been regarded as promising prospects. Carbon nanocomposites have gained considerable interest in different fields including biomedical applications due to its exceptional structural dimensions and outstanding mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and chemical characteristics. The significant advances made in carbon nanocomposite over past years along with the discovery of new nanocomposite processing technologies to improvise the functional impact of nanotube and graphene composites by providing proper methods of synthesis and improving the production of diverse composite based on carbon nanomaterials are discussed. Carbon nanocomposites are applied in various fields such as aviation, batteries, chemical industry, fuel cell, optics, power generation, space, solar hydrogen, sensors, and thermoelectric devices. The recent design, fabrication, characteristics, and applications of carbon nanocomposites such as active carbon, carbon black, graphene, nanodiamonds, and carbon nanotubes are explained in detail in this research. It is found that unlike traditional fiber composites, Van der Waals force interfacial compounds have an important effect on the mechanical performance of carbon nanomaterial-based composites.

This paper investigates the dry sliding wear behaviour of squeeze cast Al-Cu-Mg reinforced with nanographite metal matrix composites. The experimental study employed the Taguchi method. The Taguchi method plays a significant role in analyzing aluminium matrix composite sliding tribological behaviour. Specifically, this method was found to be efficient, systematic, and simple relative to the optimization of wear and friction test parameters such as load (10, 20, and 30), velocity (0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 m/s), and nanographite (1, 3, and 5 wt%). The optimization and results were compared with the artificial neural network. An orthogonal array L27 was employed for the experimental design. Analysis of variance was carried out to understand the impact of individual factors and interactions on the specific wear rate and the coefficient of friction. The wear mechanism, surface morphologies, and composition of the composites have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results indicated that wt% addition of nanographite and increase of sliding speed led to a decrease in the coefficient of friction and wear rate of tested composites. Furthermore, individual parameter interactions revealed a smaller impact. The interactions involved wt% of nano-Gr and sliding speed, sliding speed and normal load, and wt% of nano-Gr and normal load. This inference was informed by the similarity between the results obtained ANN, ANOVA, and the experimental data.

In this work, we introduce a modified notion of generalized (κ, μ)s− rational contractive mappings in ordered complex valued quasi b− metric spaces with application. Also give an example to validate the main results in this work.

Nowadays, most of the products are used in the electrical and electronics field, and copper alloy is playing a significant role such as Springs for relay contacts and switchgear, Rotor bars, and Busbars. In this work, the copper alloys consider as base alloy, and the reinforced factor of silicon nitride (Si3N4) is processed of reinforcement as 3 wt. %, 6 wt. %, 9 wt. %, 12 wt. % Si3N4 through powder metallurgy performance. The ball mill process is used for this work to obtain an enhanced homogeneous mixture of both base material as well as reinforced particles. Using a hydraulic press, the blended powders are compacted with applying 3 kN and 10 min period for obtained good strength of green compact specimens. Further, the green compacted specimens are sintered, and the sintered billets are machined in the conventional lathes with different cutting speeds 50 m/min, 100 m/min, and 150 m/min; feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev (fixed); and depth of cut of 0.5 mm, 0.8 mm, 1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.4 mm, and 1.6 mm. Cutting speed and depth of cut to find the composites’ cutting force is ingenious. A wear test also can be conducted to find the wear resistance of the reinforced particles of the copper alloy material.

Aluminium-reinforced composites play a vital role in the engineering industry because of their better strength and stiffness. The properties are directly related to the solidification phenomenon of the cast alloy. The design engineer should understand the importance of the solidification behavior of base alloy and its reinforcement. Composites’ solidification study is rare, and the reviews are limited. The solidification process is analyzed using the finite element method (FEM), and this would fetch a lot of information about the cooling rate of the composites and also helps to reduce the time in experimentation. This paper reports and plots the cooling curves of Al/SiCp composites using simulation software. Cylindrical-shaped composites were developed using the squeeze casting method, and the experimental cooling curves were plotted using a K-type thermocouple. Composites samples were prepared at the following squeeze pressures: 0, 30, 50, 70, 100, and 130 MPa; melt and die temperature was kept constant at 800 and 400°C, respectively. The experimental and FEA cooling curves were compared, and it was agreed that the increase in the squeeze pressure increases the cooling rate of the developed composite. Furthermore, the effect of temperature distribution from the inner region of the melt and die material which causes the radial and tangential stress of components has also been examined.

Solar still is widely used in Industries as well as Domestic. Single basin square pyramid is experimentally analysed with and without porous materials like clay pot pieces and chalk pieces. The outside ambient, inside and outside temperature of glass surfaces, basin water and condensate temperature and mass of condensate collected were recorded, for hourly intervals with thermocouple. The experiments were conducted with a constant depth of 1 cm in the basin. The system performance was found to be maximum 36% and it is strongly suggests a good capability of the system to convert solar thermal energy for desalination process.

In this paper, chassis frame stringer’s fracture analysis in TATA 2516 TC truck is sited. To save the shock, twist and other loads, the chassis must be a high strengthened one. After that load, the chassis should hold out against fracture behaviour. The work performed on chassis stringer’s fracture analysis with the properties of stiffness, strength by use of Ansys workbench software. Reports are showing that hat stringer has more strength than C-shaped stringer during fracture conditions.

In this paper, the stringer’s buckling analysis is analyzed and reported. To block the shock, twist, and other stresses, the chassis should be in very high strength. More than that of strength, the chassis should tolerate the buckling condition of the frame. Here, the work is done toward stringer analysis in chassis with the properties of buckling behavior, strength by use of FEA software (Ansys Workbench). The result shows that hat stringer is stronger than C-stringer during the stringer on buckling conditions.

In this study, we show the relationship between sea-level anomalies (SLA) and upper-ocean parameters in the Equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO). This work also focuses on the variability of SLA obtained from satellite altimeter data in different spatial and temporal scales and its relationship with computed ocean heat content (OHC), dynamic height (DH), and thermocline depth (20 °C isotherm: D20) during 1993–2015. SLA showed low Pearson’s correlation coefficient (CC) with upper-ocean parameters over central EIO resembling a “Monopole” pattern. The Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography (ARGO) in situ profile data in the central EIO also confirmed this. SLA over this monopole showed low correlations with all parameters as compared with eastern and western EIO. These findings show a clear signature of a persisting sea-level monopole in the central EIO. Oscillating SLA over western and eastern EIO during summer and winter monsoon months is found to be responsible for locking this monopole in the central EIO. Both SLA and OHC increased in EIO during 2006–2015 compared with 1993–2005. The month of January showed different east–west trends at different times. This trend during 1993–2015 is neutral, but it shifted from negative during 1993–2005 to positive during 2006–2015.

Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites (AMMCs) are popular materials for aviation and automotive sectors due to their enhanced strength to weight ratio, increased resistance to corrosion and better tribological properties. In this work, the AA7075 alloy was reinforced with Titanium Boride (TiB2) particles (0, 4, 8, 12 wt. %) via stir casting process. In this process, the preheated TiB2 powder is dispersed into molten AA7075 at 850 to improve wettability and distribution. The tensile strength, hardness, wear resistance, and microstructural studies were conducted for the proposed composites. Pinon-Disc set up was used to study the wear behaviour of the proposed composites. The results revealed that the addition of TiB2 particulates to AL7075 matrix improved all the properties when compared to AL7075 matrix. Worn surface of the abraded surface was analysed using Scanning Electron Microscope.

The Mascarene High (MH) is a semi-permanent subtropical high-pressure zone in the South Indian Ocean. Apart from its large influence on African and Australian weather patterns, it also helps in driving the inter-hemispheric circulation between the Indian Ocean in the south and subcontinental landmass in the north. Using observations and reanalysis products, this study for the first time investigates recent warming trend observed in the MH region during the Global Warming Hiatus (GWH) period (1998–2016). Significant positive trends are observed in sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height (SSH) and oceanic heat content (OHC) during this period in the MH region. Mixed layer heat budget analysis reveals the dominant role of heat advection in the observed warming trend. During the GWH period, stronger zonal currents advect the warm waters from the Western Pacific (WP) towards the MH region via the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). This warming in the MH reduces the sea level pressure therein and establishes a weak pressure gradient between the MH and the northern hemisphere landmass. This in-turn weakens the cross-equatorial winds in the western Indian Ocean.

This experimental investigation deals with the fabrication of boron carbide (B4C) particulates reinforced Nickel based Waspaloy (WA) composite. The bottom pouring type stir casting machine under argon atmosphere was used to prepare the composites. B4C content was reinforced with Nickel based WA in the weight basis (0, 4, 8 and 12 %). The microstructure of the prepared composites was studied by using SEM and EDS. The tensile strength, impact strength, hardness and density of the samples have been reported. Then the Pin on Disc (POD) setup was used to study the wear performance of the samples. The wear parameters were analyzed by using Grey relational analysis (GRA) for the low specific wear rate (SWR) and coefficient of friction (COF) for produced composites. The addition of B4C improved the mechanical properties of the sample up to 8% and then tends to decreases. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that, load is the most dominant parameter which affects the SWR of the composite. From the GRA, Load 20 N, sliding speed 1146 rpm, 12% B4C are found to be optimum parameters for minimum SWR and COF.

Silicon carbide (SiC) and Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) has been expected broad contemplation is a potential strengthening particulate for metal matrix composites (MMCs) to enhance the mechanical and wear behaviors. The purpose of this study is to process and investigate the mechanical characteristics of LM 24/SiC/MoS2 composites. These composites were fabricated via the stir casting process from the prepared arrangements of LM 24/SiC/MoS2 with various weight proportions. The following proportions are pure LM 24, LM24-3wt%SiC-1wt%MoS2, LM24-6wt%SiC-1wt%MoS2 and LM24-9wtSiC-1wt%MoS2. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) utilized to inspect the micrographs on processed composites. The SEM micrographs interpret identical dispersion of SiC with LM 24. The influence of SiC weight percentage on the physical properties like density, relative density & porosity and mechanical properties like tensile, compression, hardness, impact and flexural strength and tribological behavior were investigated. The processed LM24-9wt%SiC-1wt%MoS2 composites compose the enhanced mechanical properties. The wear performance was studied throughout the pin on disc device with various wear process parameters. These parameters are load, Sliding velocity and distance. Finally, these parameters are framed via the L16 orthogonal array and to attain the minimum wear rate and coefficient of friction from the optimal process parameters by Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). The optimal parameters for wear rate and coefficient of friction are LM24-9wt%SiC-1wt%MoS2 and followed by the wear parameters namely load 15N, sliding velocity 2 m s−1 and sliding distance 1600 m, respectively. The ANOVA outcomes uncovers that the load is the most significant parameter for wear rate and coefficient of friction.

In order to influence the electric arc as a heat source on the welding pool created by the laser, hybrid laser-arc welding (HLAW) and laser beam welding (LBW) methods were utilized for the welding of GTD-111 superalloy. The results showed that the HLAW method, due to the creation of more heat input, provides the conditions for the exit of gaseous pores created in the weld metal. The electric arc, located 5 mm from the laser beam, re-melted the solidified grains in the keyhole and provided the conditions for nonhomogeneous nucleation of the equiaxed grains.

The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) produce global ocean analyses based on the Global Ocean Data Assimila...

Northward-propagating Indian summer monsoon intraseasonal oscillations (MISOs) are a major origin of the active–break spells of the monsoon rainfall. Forecast results for 28 active and 27 break spells from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), during 1999–2010 are analyzed. CFSv2 forecasts are able to represent the propagation of MISOs from the equator to central India, showing improvements in many aspects compared to its previous version. Systematic biases for MISOs, however, still exist, exhibiting apparently weaker amplitude and slower northward propagation compared to observations. The eastern Arabian Sea (EAS)–western Bay of Bengal (WBB) region (EAS–WBB region; 12°–20°N, 65°–85°E) is found to be critical for the MISO prediction. In that region, the forecast and observed MISO trajectories begin to bifurcate from each other, and forecast errors grow rapidly. Further diagnosis reveals that local air–sea interaction in that region is severely underrepresented in CFSv2. Sea surface temperature (SST) response to surface heat flux forcing and convection response to SST forcing are both too weak, leading to the underestimated MISO amplitude. The relationship between precipitation and SST in CFSv2 is much more chaotic than in observation. The misrepresentation of air–sea coupling results in longer MISO periods in the EAS–WBB region, manifesting as slower propagation and delayed arrival of MISOs in central India. Refining the air–sea coupling processes is crucial for improving the CFSv2 forecast. This includes taking into account the ocean skin layer, better resolving the diurnal cycle, and improving the ocean model physics.

We explore the decadal variability of teleconnection from tropical Pacific to the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) using various observational and Reanalysis datasets for the period 1958–2008. In confirmation with the earlier findings, we find that the interannual correlations between the various SST indices of ENSO and ISMR have continued to weaken. Interestingly, we find that even the robust lead correlations of the tropical pacific warm-water-volume with ISMR have weakened since late 1970s. Our analysis suggests that there is a relative intensification of the cross-equatorial flow from the southern hemisphere into the equatorial Indian Ocean associated with ISMR due to strenghtening of Mascarene High. Further, a shift in the surface wind circulation associated with monsoon over the northern pacific since late 1970s has resulted in a strenghtened cyclonic seasonal circulation south-east of Japan. These changed circulation features are a shift from the known circulation-signatures that efficiently teleconnect El Nino forcing to South Asia. These recent changes effectively weakened the teleconnection of the El Nino to ISMR.

In medical fields, hydroxyapatite (HA) is used for restoring the human bones and teeth. Nowadays, newer bio composites are being developed to replace the broken or removed teeth in human using hydroxyapatite. The original teeth may be removed from human, due to various reasons such as tooth decay, periodontal disease and gum diseases. Due to the bioactivity property of HA, it helps the tooth to grow. In this work, tribological properties of HA powder reinforced composite are investigated. Three most important factors that affect the properties of the composites were chosen and varied during wear testing of the composites. The HA powder weight %, applied load (P) and sliding distance (SD) were varied on the basis of Taguchi’s experimental design. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and (Signal to Noise) SN ratio analysis was used to study the influence of each factor on the specific wear rate (SWR). It was concluded that the HA wt% highly influences the SWR of the composite during pin on disc testing.

Aluminum matrix composites were extensively used as structural material as it possesses good surface properties such as wear and corrosion resistance. The practical importance of nano particles in composite materials has triggered widespread attention towards the enhancement of its properties. In this study, Al-Mg/Al2O3 (0–8 wt%) metal matrix nano composites fabricated by two step stir casting route was investigated to comprehend its wear and corrosion behaviour. The Pin-on-Disc dry sliding wear test was performed on Al-Mg/Al2O3 (0–8 wt%) by adopting Design of Experiments under the action of different contact loads and sliding distance following the ASTM G99 Standard. The experimental results conveyed that specific wear rate decreases with increase in sliding distance. Statistical analysis was performed by Taguchi’s Technique and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine the most dominating factor that influences specific wear rate for the optimum weight percentage of reinforcement. Analysis revealed adequacy with the constructed model in predicting the wear behavior of composite and unreinforced Al-Mg alloy. The corrosion behaviour of the base alloy and composites was analysed by static immersion and electrochemical assessments, by immersing prepared specimens in aqueous sodium chloride (3.5%) solution. The dependance of corrosion rate of the composites with the weight percentage of Al2O3, exposure duration and temperature of the corrosive medium was studied in detail. Corrosion test results exhibit that corrosion rate decreases with increase in weight percentage of Al2O3 particles and exposure duration, whereas it follows reverse trend with increase in corrosion medium temperature.