Search

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused due to a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has swept across the planet and has become a public health emergency of international concern. Like other coronaviruses, it predominantly involves the respiratory system. However, several atypical manifestations of the disease have been reported worldwide in a short span of time. Almost all organ systems (cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, hepatic, endocrine, and nervous system) have been reported to be involved. This review concisely summarizes the systemic effects of COVID-19, thus emphasizing that the disease can present in various forms and the healthcare workers need to be extra vigilant, approaching all patients with a high index of suspicion.

The sounds and sound syllables have distinctive music and rhythm which intermesh with the meaning and the connotation of the context in the Quranic text. The use of specific articulation in specific forms and structures had a great impact on the sound group in the verse and its relation. Each change in pronunciation or in structure causes a sound or a syllable change. In this way, the voiced sounds made a high attribution in the verse Alkurse that suited the theme of the verses. The sound / ل/ had a great deal to show the influence of changing sounds because it appeared more than the other sounds in the verse. It appeared geminated only once attached with the holy word (Allah ) at the beginning of verse so that multiplicity and rareness have their own connotation. The appeared as long vowels preceded by an identical sound and as semi vowel preceded by the short vowel and also as amoving semi consonant which is shorter than the previous one. The appearance of these sound like that is not an arbitrary matter. Because the advancment of the long vowel and the short vowel led to more explanation and clearness. We left akind of sound harmony connected to meaning and connotation by repetition of the vowel specifically at the beginning of verse wich suited the spech about Allah's Oneness.

Psoriasis is a disease characterized by the presence of papules and plaques over the surface of skin with variable morphology, distribution and severity. The lesions of psoriasis are distinct from these other entities and are classically very well circumscribed, circular, red papules or plaques with a grey or silvery-white, dry scale. In addition, the lesions are typically distributed symmetrically on the scalp, elbows, knees, lumbosacral area, and in the body folds. The oral manifestations of psoriasis may involve the oral mucosa or the tongue. The dorsal surface of the tongue shows characteristic red patches surrounded with a yellow white border. The relationship between eye lesions and psoriasis are the current findings in the literature. The ocular complications along with the several extracutaneous manifestations are common complications seen in psoriasis. The pathogenesis of exact relationship between these two is still controversial. Immunological studies have shown a positive relationship between T helper cells and uveitis. Various signs and symptoms of ocular psoriasis may be overlooked. Thus, a complete understanding of ophthalmic involvement is important to the comprehensive care of patients with psoriasis. Almost any part of the body can be affected in psoriasis, but the ophthalmic complications of psoriasis usually remain clinically subtle. This review highlights the various manifestations of psoriasis with their clinical sign and symptoms.

We describe three patients with a rare form rosacea-like chronic lupus erythematosus which at the beginning is diagnosed as rosacea due to similarity clinical picture. Literature data of clinical features, epidemiology, сlassification and treatment are presented.Conflict of interest: the authors state that there is no potential conflict of interest requiring disclosure in this article.

L'électrohypersensibilité (EHS) est un phénomène, apparu dans les années 1980, qui semble attribuer la survenue de certains symptômes à une exposition aux champs électromagnétiques (CEM). Depuis cette apparition, le nombre de cas n'a cessé d'augmenter, laissant imaginer une sorte de contagion. Cependant, le lien de corrélation entre exposition et apparition des symptômes a été testé à de nombreuses reprises et n'a jamais été confirmé. L'hypothèse qu'un effet psychogénique, l'effet nocebo, pouvait être à l'œuvre a alors pris corps, amenant avec elle une prise de conscience quant à notre exposition sans cesse croissante à des informations anxiogènes sur la présence des CEM. Ce contexte d'attentes négatives démultiplie l'action de l'effet nocebo, déjà contagieux en lui-même, mais n'explique pas, à lui seul, le cheminement d'une majorité des victimes chez qui la survenue des symptômes a précédé la connaissance d'un possible effet nocif des CEM. Différents travaux ont montré que dans ce dernier cas, il pourrait s'agir d'un phénomène de mauvaise attribution des symptômes. Les victimes, laissées sans réponse par la communauté médicale, vont se mettre en recherche d'une cause et seront confrontées à l'orientation du marché cognitif vers les CEM. Cette confrontation sera d'autant plus déséquilibrée que la victime ignore qu'elle est soumise à de nombreux biais cognitifs dans sa manière d'appréhender les informations qui lui sont proposées. Dès lors que l'attribution est constituée, l'effet nocebo pourra à nouveau entrer en jeu et venir consolider la sensation, pour la personne, d'être atteinte d'EHS. Quel que soit le cheminement, la victime entre dans un cercle vicieux duquel il apparaît très compliqué de s'extraire. Electro-hypersensitivity (EHS) is a phenomenon that emerged in the 1980s and which seems to attribute the occurrence of some symptoms to an exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF). Since it has appeared, the number of cases has not stopped increasing, suggesting some kind of contagion. However, the correlation between exposure and the onset of symptoms has been tested repeatedly and has never been confirmed. The hypothesis that a psychogenic effect named the "nocebo effect" could be at work then took shape, bringing us to an awareness of our ever-increasing exposure to anxiety-inducing news about the presence of EMFs. This context of negative expectations reinforces the action of the nocebo effect (an effect which is inherently contagious) but does not, in itself, explain the path of a majority of victims in whom the onset of symptoms preceded knowledge of a possible harmful effect of EMFs. Different studies have shown that in the latter case, it could be a phenomenon of wrong attribution of symptoms. The victims, left unanswered by the medical community, will seek a cause and will be confronted with the orientation of the cognitive market towards EMF. This confrontation will be all the more unbalanced as the victim is unaware that it is subject to many cognitive biases in its way of understanding the information offered to it. Once the attribution is established, the nocebo effect can again come into play and strengthen the feeling of being a victim of EHS. Whatever the path, the victim enters a vicious circle from which it appears very complicated to escape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 is evolving continuously with emergence of several variants of increasing transmission capabilities and pandemic potential. Generation of variants occurs through accumulation of mutations due to the RNA nature of viral genome, which is further enhanced by variable selection pressures of this ongoing pandemic. COVID-19 presentations of SARS-CoV2 are mainly pulmonary manifestations with or without mild gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatic symptoms. However, the virus has evolved beyond pulmonary manifestations to multisystem disorder due to systemic inflammation and cytokine storm. Definitive cause of acute or late onset of inflammation, infection in various organs, and host response to emerging variants lacks clarity and needs elucidation. Several studies have reported underlying diseases including diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cardio- and cerebrovascular disorders, and immunocompromised conditions as significant risk factors for severe form of COVID-19. Pre-existing liver and GI diseases are also highly predominant in the population, which can alter COVID-19 outcome due to altered immune status and host response. We aim to review the emerging variants of SARS-CoV2 and host response in patients with pre-existing liver and GI diseases. Methods: In this review, we have elucidated the emergence and characteristic features of new SARS-CoV2 variants, mechanisms of infection and host immune response, GI and hepatic manifestation with radiologic features of COVID-19, and outcomes in pre-existing liver and GI diseases. Key Findings: Emerging variants of concern (VOC) have shown increased transmissibility and virulence with severe COVID-19 presentation and mortality. There is a drastic swift of variants from the first wave to the next wave of infections with predominated major VOC including alpha (B.1.1.7, UK), beta (B.1.351, South Africa), gamma (B.1.1.28.1, Brazil), and delta (B1.1.617, India) variants. The mutations in the spike protein of VOC are implicated for increased receptor binding (N501Y, P681R) and immune escape (L452R, E484K/Q, T478K/R) to host response. Pre-existing liver and GI diseases not only have altered tissue expression and distribution of viral entry ACE2 receptor but also host protease TMPRSS2, which is required for both spike protein binding and cleavage to initiate infection. Altered immune status due to pre-existing conditions results in delayed virus clearance or prolonged viremia. Even though GI and hepatic manifestations of SARS-CoV2 are less severe, the detection of virus in patient's stool indicates GI tropism, replication, and shedding from the GI tract. COVID-19-induced liver injury, acute hepatic decompensation, and incidences of acute-on-chronic liver failure may change the disease outcomes. Conclusions: The changes in the spike protein of emerging variants, immunomodulation by viral proteins, and altered expression of host viral entry receptor in pre-existing diseases are the key determinants of host response to SARS-CoV2 and its disease outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Behçet's syndrome (BS) is a multisystem variable vessel vasculitis characterized by skinmucosal lesions. It can also involve the eyes, blood vessels, joints, gastrointestinal system, urogenital system, and central nervous system. BS starts in the third or fourth decade and affects both genders equally. The disease is more severe in young men. Although the sensitivity of the pathergy test (PT) is decreasing today, it is still an important clue in the diagnosis of BS. We describe the characteristics of BS in our region, retrospectively. We also analyzed the effect of gender, age, family history, and skin PT positivity status on the difference of clinical involvement. Methods A total of 777 BS patients (391 women and 386 men; 40.0 ± 11.6 years old) who applied to our Rheumatology Department between January 2010 and June 2020 were included in the study. Results: Of the 777 patients, 391 were female (50.3%) and 386 were male (49.7%). The mean age at diagnosis was 30.3 ± 9.8 years. The proportion of patients with BS in their family was 10.2%. Of the 777 patients, 310 (39.9%) had only mucocutaneous symptoms. Other 467 patients (60.1%) had at least one of the ocular, musculoskeletal, vascular, neurologic, intestinal, or genitourinary involvement. Serious involvements such as eye, cardiovascular, and neurologic involvement were more common in male patients. Conclusion: BS has the different clinical phenotypes according to gender, age of onset, and skin PT positivity status. Gender influences on the major organ involvements such as eye, neurologic, and vascular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theories of modality which invoke possible worlds have recently been challenged by accounts that appeal to dispositional properties. A prominent strand of the accounts maintains that there is an intimate link between dispositions and possibility. The link is said to be captured by the proposition that, at first approximation, a state of affairs is possible just in case there is some actual disposition whose manifestation is (or includes) the state. Focusing on the most detailed exposition and defence of this approach, put forward by Barbara Vetter, I critically examine the adequacy of the view of dispositional properties on which it rests and which seems to be required by any plausible dispositionalist account of possibility. In the course of doing so, I offer arguments in favour of the causal nature of dispositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annals of Arts & Languages is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To establish practical recommendations for the management of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) with particular clinical situations that might lead to doubts in the pharmacological decision-making. A group of six expert rheumatologists on PsA identified particular clinical situations in PsA. Then, a systematic literature review (SLR) was performed to analyse the efficacy and safety of csDMARDs, b/tsDMARDs in PsA. In a nominal group meeting, the results of the SLR were discussed and a set of recommendations were proposed for a Delphi process. A total of 65 rheumatologists were invited to participate in the Delphi. Agreement was defined if ≥ 70% of the participants voted ≥ 7 (from 1, totally disagree to 10, totally agree). For each recommendation, the level of evidence and grade of recommendation was established based on the Oxford Evidence-Based Medicine categorisation. Particular clinical situations included monoarthritis, axial disease, or non-musculoskeletal manifestations. The SLR finally comprised 131 articles. A total of 16 recommendations were generated, all but 1 reached consensus. According to them, it is crucial to carefully analyse the impact of individual manifestations on patients (disability, quality of life, etc.), but also to recognise the impact of each drug singularities on selected clinical phenotypes to adopt the most appropriate treatment strategy. Early diagnosis and treatment to target approach, along with a close risk management, is also necessary. These recommendations are intended to complement gaps in national and international guidelines by helping health professionals address and manage particular clinical situations in PsA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple myeloma is the most common haematological malignancy accounting for 10 % of all haematological cancers. Treatment of myeloma has evolved in recent years leading to improved survival. Lesions related to myeloma are frequently observed within the oral cavity and jawbone. In addition, many of the therapeutic agents have side effects with implications for provision of dental treatment. This case series aims to highlight some of these presentations to remind dental practitioners to be vigilant. Observation of suspicious lesions within the oral cavity or jawbone might warrant further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been the most significant event in 2020, with ~86.8 million cases and 1.88 million deaths worldwide. It is a highly infectious disease, wherein the virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) rapidly multiplies and spreads to all parts of the body. Therefore, COVID-19 is not only respiratory disease but also a multisystem disease. Many people, including physicians, incorrectly believe that the disease affects only the respiratory tract. In this study, we aimed to describe COVID-19 manifestations and the underlying pathophysiology to provide the readers with a better understanding of this disease to achieve good management and to control the spread of this disease.Methods: Secondary data were obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. The keywords used for the search were as follows: COVID-19, COVID-19 pulmonary manifestations, COVID-19 extra pulmonary manifestations, and pathophysiology of COVID-19. We collected secondary data from systemic reviews, metaanalyses, case series, and case reports in the form of public data that was published on websites of the government, medical corporations, medical peer-reviewed journals, and medical academies, all of which were indexed in PubMed, Google Scholar, or Scopus. Our questions were as follows: Is COVID-19 a respiratory disease only? and What are the extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19?Results: From our data, we found that a patient with COVID-19 may be either asymptomatic or symptomatic. Symptomatic cases may have either pulmonary or extrapulmonary manifestations. Pulmonary manifestations occur as mild, moderate, or severe cases. In mild and moderate cases, extrapulmonary manifestations such as gastroenteritis, fever, or vomiting may present alone. Some of these cases may be missed for diagnosis, and the patient may receive symptomatic treatment without a COVID-19 diagnosis, leading to increased spread of the infection. Extrapulmonary manifestations may occur in severe and critical cases as complications of severe infections (high viral overload) or the cytokine storm, such as in acute kidney injury (AKI), heart failure (HF), and venous thromboembolic (VTE) manifestation.Conclusion: COVID-19 is not a respiratory disease alone; rather, it is a multisystem disease. Pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations should be considered for early diagnosis and to control the spread of the infection.

BackgroundGut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases. However, the complex pathogenesis of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) remains elusive. This study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota in HSP patients and explore the potential association between gut microbiota composition and phenotypic changes in HSP.Methods16SrRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed using total DNA extracted from the fecal microbiota of 34 children with HSP, including 18 primary cases, 16 recurrent cases, and 23 healthy children.ResultsThe diversity indexes showed significant differences in the microbial community among the primary HSP groups, the recurrent HSP group and healthy controls. The abundance of Escherichia-Shigella in the recurrent HSP group was significantly higher than that in the primary HSP group, and the constructed ROC curve had an AUC value of 0.750. According to the Spearman correlation analysis, the abundance of Bacteroides was positively associated with the serum IgG level in children with HSP, while the abundance of Lachnoclostridium was negatively correlated with the complement component 3 (C3). The diversity indexes of gut microbiota in the HSP group with abdominal symptoms were higher than those in the HSP group without GI involvement, and also higher than those in the healthy control group. In the HSP group with GI involvement, the abundance of Faecalibacterium was decreased, while the abundance of Streptococcus and Fusobacteria was increased, compared to the HSP group without GI involvement.ConclusionsThe gut microbiota of children with HSP was different from that of healthy children. The genus Escherichia-Shigella has a diagnostic value for HSP recurrence. Bacteroides and Lachnoclostridium may affect IgG and complement C3 levels in children with HSP. Abdominal symptoms in HSP children were related to gut microbiota (Streptococcus and butyric acid-producing bacteria).

This article proposes an inquiry into the contributions and possible applications of Freud’s work to the study of collective memory. Through a theoretical and critical revision of this author’s work, this article emphasizes his developments and contributions to this topic, underlining its questionings. The article will conclude by observing the existence of a theoretical corpus, aimed to analyze the collective memory, which can be distinguished within the Freudian work and applied in the research of specific social contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases. However, the complex pathogenesis of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) remains elusive. This study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota in HSP patients and explore the potential association between gut microbiota composition and phenotypic changes in HSP. Methods: 16SrRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed using total DNA extracted from the fecal microbiota of 34 children with HSP, including 18 primary cases, 16 recurrent cases, and 23 healthy children. Results: The diversity indexes showed significant differences in the microbial community among the primary HSP groups, the recurrent HSP group and healthy controls. The abundance of Escherichia-Shigella in the recurrent HSP group was significantly higher than that in the primary HSP group, and the constructed ROC curve had an AUC value of 0.750. According to the Spearman correlation analysis, the abundance of Bacteroides was positively associated with the serum IgG level in children with HSP, while the abundance of Lachnoclostridium was negatively correlated with the complement component 3 (C3). The diversity indexes of gut microbiota in the HSP group with abdominal symptoms were higher than those in the HSP group without GI involvement, and also higher than those in the healthy control group. In the HSP group with GI involvement, the abundance of Faecalibacterium was decreased, while the abundance of Streptococcus and Fusobacteria was increased, compared to the HSP group without GI involvement. Conclusions: The gut microbiota of children with HSP was different from that of healthy children. The genus Escherichia-Shigella has a diagnostic value for HSP recurrence. Bacteroides and Lachnoclostridium may affect IgG and complement C3 levels in children with HSP. Abdominal symptoms in HSP children were related to gut microbiota (Streptococcus and butyric acid-producing bacteria). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its outbreak in 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, affecting more than 52 million people and causing more than 1 million mortalities globally till date. Current research reveals a wide array of disease manifestations and behaviors encompassing multiple organ systems in body and immense systemic inflammation, which have been summarized in this review. Data from a number of scientific reviews, research articles, case series, observational studies, and case reports were retrieved by utilizing online search engines such as Cochrane, PubMed, and Scopus from December 2019 to November 2020. The data for prevalence of signs and symptoms, underlying disease mechanisms and comorbidities were analyzed using SPSS version 25. This review will discuss a wide range of COVID-19 clinical presentations recorded till date, and the current understanding of both the underlying general as well as system specific pathophysiologic, and pathogenetic pathways. These include direct viral penetration into host cells through ACE2 receptors, induction of inflammosomes and immune response through viral proteins, and the initiation of system-wide inflammation and cytokine production. Moreover, peripheral organ damage and underlying comorbid diseases which can lead to short term and long term, reversible and irreversible damage to the body have also been studied. We concluded that underlying comorbidities and their pathological effects on the body contributed immensely and determine the resultant disease severity and mortality of the patients. Presently there is no drug approved for treatment of COVID-19, however multiple vaccines are now in use and research for more is underway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Paediatric rhinosinusitis is mostly different than that in adults. More frequently, children presented with cough, bad breath, crankiness, low energy, and swelling around the eyes, besides a thick yellow-green nasal or post-nasal discharge. About 5- 13% of childhood viral upper respiratory tract infections may advance to acute rhinosinusitis, with some of them developing a chronic condition. Aim: To assess prevalence and clinical presentation of sinusitis in the paediatric age group in Aseer, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A retrospective record-based study was conducted in Abha Maternity and Children Hospital in Abha city, Saudi Arabia between January 2015 and January 2018. All medical records during the study period for children whose from to 15 years old attended the hospital and diagnosed as having sinusitis were included. Results: The study included 100 children with complete files whose ages ranged from less than 1 year to up to 13 years old with a mean age of 5.3 4.2 years. Nearly 51% of the children aged 4 years or less and male were 53 (53%). Past history for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) was positive among 30 children. Regarding clinical presentations of rhinosinusitis (RS) as reported by the children caregivers, fever was the most reported complaint (50%) followed by red eye (44%), ringing nose (42%), cough (41%) and headache (36%). Mucous culture was positive among 58 cases. The most isolated pathogens were streptococcus pneumoniae (45.6%), Haemophilis influenza (24.6%). Conclusions: In conclusion, the study revealed that CRS is a common disease in children at different ages, especially, maxillary and frontal sinuses. In most of the cases, medical treatment is highly appreciated; though, surgical intervention may be needed in a small percentage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this account, I deploy Mikhail Bhakhtin's concept of the carnival to frame the November 2017 demonstrations in Harare, Zimbabwe, that led to the resignation of former president Robert Mugabe as a carnivalesque or 'theatrical' performance. I examine the spatial and theatrical characteristics of this carnivalesque demonstration, highlighting how it created a special form of free and familiar contact among people divided by political, professional and class barriers. Methodologically, I draw from my personal recollections, video recording and photographs in the public domain, the particular spectacular performative that characterize this demonstration as a performance, to historically reconstruct the performance. I submit that these public performances, which mainly took part on the main streets of Harare, challenged and allowed demonstrators to performatively subvert all forms of social (and political) privilege and governmentality. I conclude that through disrupting governmentality and constituting a horizon of meaning and expectation, the performer-demonstrators claimed back their spatial agency, determining and choosing how they democratically used the public space in these urban centres and simultaneously, Zimbabwe's political landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare, inherited, metabolic disease caused by tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase deficiency, characterized by bone mineralization defects and systemic complications. Understanding of the clinical course and burden of HPP is limited by its rarity. This systematic literature review and synthesis of case report data aimed to determine the frequency and timing of clinical HPP manifestations and events. Methods Case reports and series of patients with HPP who had been followed longitudinally for ≥1 year were identified. Demographics and clinical data of interest, identified through consultation with clinical experts in HPP, were extracted. Occurrences of clinical manifestations/events of interest were categorized, classified by age at first reported occurrence of HPP manifestations and visualized over time. Clinical manifestations/events considered to contribute to the clinical burden of HPP were identified. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to estimate the median (range) age at first occurrence of the most frequently reported manifestations/events. Results From the 283 studies that met the inclusion criteria, 265 patients with HPP with ≥1 year of longitudinal follow-up were identified (median [interquartile range] age 4 [0–34] years; 45% male). The types of clinical manifestations/events of interest experienced by individuals with ≥1 such manifestation/event (n = 261) often differed between older and younger patients. Most (94%) of the 265 patients experienced ≥1 manifestation/event deemed to contribute to the clinical burden of HPP; premature tooth loss (53.5%), fractures (35.8%), pain (33.6%), and gross motor/ambulation difficulties (30.9%) were most frequently reported. The median (range) age at first reported occurrence of respiratory symptoms, cranial abnormalities, and premature tooth loss ranged from 0.3 to 10 years, whereas the median age at first reported occurrence of fractures, pain, gross motor/ambulation difficulties, and surgery ranged from 33 to 70 years. Conclusions HPP is associated with a high clinical burden of disease, regardless of age at first reported occurrence of HPP manifestations. Over an individual’s lifetime, the types of manifestations/events experienced can change and multiple HPP-related clinical manifestations/events can accumulate. These observations may reflect evolution and progression of the disease.

Traditional sports games are an expression of folk creativity in the field of sports and recreation, the result of the creativity of the people in the culture of sport. According to the venue, they are mostly related to the rural areas from which they originated. Traditional sports games were recognized in the 21st century as an element of intangible cultural heritage, which should be protected and affirmed in a new way in order to preserve them from oblivion and disappearance. Therefore, the importance of traditional sports as an element of tourist off er (an important element of tourist off er and promotion of rural, religious, cultural, sports and recreational tourism) is increasingly recognized in tourism strategies and plans in the world. The subject of this research is 16 events that promote traditional sports games and skills in the territory of Vojvodina. The aim of the paper is to distinguish old traditional sports through tourism valorisation, which can represent an important segment in the diversification of tourism products. The methods used are analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive methods with the use of critical inference, as well as methods of tourism valorization according to Hilary du Cros.

Events, as well as other types of tourist offer, need the appropriately designed and accomplished promotion according to their characteristics, but also the characteristics and preferences of the targeted market, where modern technological solutions find their implementation. Among the technologies mentioned, the Internet, and within it social networks, should be particularly emphasized. Manifestations should also be promoted by organizations with the immediate or indirect interest in holding these events. One of the most important elements of the manifestations tourist offer should also be one of the priorities in local tourist organizations offer, as well as hotels, considering the fact that they can largely influence the number of visitors and accommodation. According to this, the aim of this paper is to establish the connection between the number of events/manifestations per month and the number of posts by local tourist organizations and hotels in Moravica district territory (Cacak, Lucani, Gornji Milanovac, Ivanjica) in 2018, on Facebook as most used social network by the analyzed local tourism organizations and hotels.

Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is one of the worst pandemics in the history of the world. It is the third coronavirus disease that has afflicted humans in a short span of time. The world appears to be recovering from the grasp of this deadly pandemic; still, its post-disease health effects are not clearly understood. It is evident that the vast majority of COVID-19 patients usually recovered over time; however, disease manifestation is reported to still exist in some patients even after complete recovery. The disease is known to have left irreversible damage(s) among some patients and these damages are expected to cause mild or severe degrees of health effects. Apart from the apparent damage to the lungs caused by SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19-surviving patients display a wide spectrum of dysfunctions in different organ systems that is similar to what occurs with SARS-CoV-1 and MERS diseases. The major long COVID-19 manifestations include the following aspects: (1) central nervous system, (2) cardiovascular, (3) pulmonary, (4) gastrointestinal, (5) hematologic, (6) renal and (7) psycho-social systems. COVID-19 has a disease display manifestation in these organs and its related systems amongst a large number of recovered cases. Our study highlights the expected bodily consequences of the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection based on the understanding of the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV.

We intended to offer in this article a synthesis of the ways in which the culture developed at the corporate level is manifested. The term culture in the organizational analysis refers to the common values and believes that end up characterizing the organizations. Beyond the diversity of these variables, their intensity and their manner of manifestation vary from individual to individual, from one working group to another, but a strong organizational culture will always find and use a common denominator.

Behçet‘s Syndrome (BS) is a variable vessel vasculitis according to the Chapel Hill Consensus Nomenclature (1) and may thus affect any organ, including major and minor arterial and venous vessels to a varying degree and with varying frequency. Although the main features of BS are recurrent oral and genital aphthous ulcers, cutaneous lesions, ocular inflammation and arthritis—major vessel and life—or organ threatening involvement of internal organs and the central and peripheral nervous system occur. In general, BS in Europe appears to form six phenotypes of clinical manifestations (2), which are (1) mucocutaneous only, (2) predominant arthritis/articular involvement, (3) vascular phenotype, (4) ocular manifestations, which are most likely associated with CNS manifestations and HLA-B51, (5) dominant parenchymal CNS manifestations (being associated with the ocular ones), and (6) gastrointestinal involvement. Mucocutaneous manifestations are present in almost all patients/all phenotypes. In the following review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning vascular, neurologic, gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal manifestations of the disease.

Chronic drug-induced liver injury (DILI), defined as DILI with persistent liver injury more than one year after the first onset by the latest European guidelines, is a notable challenge globally with big issues of defining causality and establishing effective treatment. About 20% of patients with DILI develop into chronic DILI. Chronic DILI manifests as persistent or repeated inflammatory or diminishing bile ducts, even progresses to cirrhosis and needs liver transplantation eventually. However, research on chronic DILI over the last decades is still lacking, and the incidence, phenotypes, mechanisms, risk factors, and treatment have not been fully understood. In this paper, we reviewed the definition of chronic DILI, updated clinical studies in terms of incidence, special manifestations, and promising risk factors of chronic DILI, along with the recent progress and challenges in glucocorticoid therapy.

Social-emotional competences are critical for positive development and significantly predict educational and occupational attainment, health, and well-being. There is however a lack of consensus about the number of core competences, and how these are defined and operationalized. This divergence in approach challenges future research as well as the scientific usefulness of the construct. In an effort to create an integrative framework, this focused review evaluates different approaches of conceptualizing and assessing social-emotional competences. Building on shared conceptions, an integrative taxonomy “DOMASEC” is introduced, specifying core domains and manifestations of social-emotional competences that bridge across frameworks focusing on social and emotional learning, personality traits (such as the Big Five) and self-determination theory. Core domains include intrapersonal, interpersonal and task-oriented competencies, differentiating between affective, cognitive, and behavioral manifestations of competences across these domains. It is argued that the integrative taxonomy facilitates the conceptual specification of key constructs, that it helps to better organize the multitude of terms and definitions used, and to guide the conceptualization and operationalization of social-emotional competences and their various facets.

Background: This study evaluated the time course of computed tomography (CT) findings of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who required mechanical ventilation and were treated with favipiravir and steroid therapy. Results: Eleven patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia were included. CT findings assessed at the three time points showed that all patients had ground-glass opacities (GGO) and consolidation and mixed pattern at intubation. Consolidation and mixed pattern disappeared in most of the patients whereas GGO persisted in all patients at 1-month follow-up. In addition to GGO, a subpleural line and bronchus distortion and bronchial dilatation were frequent findings. The degree of resolution of GGO varied depending on each patient. The GGO score correlated significantly with the time from symptoms onset to initiation of steroid therapy (ρ = 0.707, p = 0.015). Conclusions: At 1-month follow-up after discharge, non-GGO lesions were absorbed almost completely, and GGO were a predominant CT manifestation. Starting steroid therapy earlier after onset of symptoms in severe COVID-19 pneumonia may reduce the extent of GGO at 1-month follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral pandemic which has taken away more than over 4 million lives all over the world as of July 9, 2021, with the USA, India, and Brazil being the most affected countries. Apart from the respiratory tract, the cardiovascular (CV) system is one of the important organ systems affected by this complex multisystem disease. Various studies have confirmed that COVID-19 predisposes an individual to increased risk of CV complications. In fact, hospitalized patients have been consistently reported to have modulated levels of biomarkers demonstrating coagulation and acute cardiac injury. Understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying CV involvement is strongly believed to be the foundation for developing strategies for early diagnosis and management of COVID-19-affected individuals. We review here various molecular mechanisms underlying CV involvement in COVID-19 and discuss several biochemical prognostic markers, as they have evidently revealed their importance in predicting severe prognosis such as mortality, mechanical ventilation, and ICU admission among severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-infected patients with or without previous history of myocardial injury. The therapeutic strategies that could be employed to treat and manage CV manifestations in COVID-19-positive individuals are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to carry out an analysis of the problem of current social nonconformity on the part of Colombian society, evidenced in the social demonstrations unleashed in the year 2021, which lies in the State-Democracy relationship. Because of this, the analysis and description of the research is the product of three basic inputs, namely, first, the documentary sources and data available in the different entities and institutions related to the subject; second, the word of the actors and spokespersons representing the different social, economic, cultural and politicalmilitary forces and organizations, testimonies obtained through extensive interviews and permanent dialogues; and third, the theoretical contributions of those (inside and outside) of the country who have been thinking about this current situation that has generated a new wave of violence. An example of this violence are the homicides that prevail with certain current characteristics: generalization, complexity and recent degradation. It is not possible here to find a method and propose a single explanation of the events studied or a general framework of understanding. We visualize a methodical approach and an explanatory exploration that, from the consideration of homicidal violence in Colombia in a given period, has contributed to stimulate other searches about the reality studied here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been a major public health emergency worldwide with over 118.27-million confirmed COVID-19 cases and 2.62-million deaths recorded, as of March 12, 2021. Although this disease primarily targets lungs, damages in other organs, such as heart, kidney, liver, and testis, may occur. Testis is the cornerstone of male reproduction, while reproductive health is the most valuable resource for continuity of the human race. Given the unique nature of SARS-CoV-2, the mechanisms of its impact on the testes have yet to be fully explored. Notably, coronaviruses have been found to invade target cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, which can be found in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, urinary tract, and reproductive organs, such as testes. Coronavirus studies have suggested that testes might be a potential target for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The first etiopathogenic concept proposed by current hypotheses indicates that the virus can invade testes through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor. Next, the activated inflammatory response in the testes, disease-associated fever, and COVID-19 medications might be implicated in testicular alterations. Although evidence regarding the presence of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA in semen remains controversial, this emphasizes the need for researchers to pay closer attention to sexually transmitted diseases and male fertility after recovering from COVID-19. In this review the latest updates regarding COVID-19-associated testicular dysfunction are summarized and possible pathogenic mechanisms are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In tradition of Al-Jahiz appeared many identities which he adopted to show their contexts as well as their manifestations in the reality and the collective imagination for the people in the third century AH. For the religious identity, it was a special discourse in his books which undertook to introduce both Muslims and non-Muslims such as Jews, Christians and the Magi. For Jews and Christians, he described them, in distorted image by defined by real and false attributes. So their identity appeared to be deficient which appears as original value in the believers of those two religions morally and ethically through stories which mostly include humiliation and contempt as patterns culturally oriented contexts of marginalization for the others by evoking semantic components which sometimes lack the historical precision to strengthen this framework and discoursed oriented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Academy is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Apart from conjunctival involvement which is the most well-known ocular manifestation of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), there are multiple reports of the involvement of other ocular structures by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We comprehensively reviewed PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar for available evidence regarding COVID-19 various ocular manifestations, with special focus on less known and unusual ocular findings. We then categorized the findings based on the parts of the eye which was involved. In anterior sections of the eye, the involvement of the eyelid (tarsadenitis), conjunctiva and cornea (follicular conjunctivitis, pseudomembranous conjunctivitis, and keratoconjunctivitis), episclera (nodular episcleritis), uvea (anterior uveitis) were reported. Also, third, fourth, and sixth nerve palsy, retinal vasculitis, retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) changes (hyper-reflective lesions and increased retinal nerve fiber layer thickness [RNFLT]), optic neuritis, papillophlebitis, Miller Fisher syndrome, posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy (PRES), ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery occlusion, and polyneuritis cranialis were reported in different studies. Postmortem evaluation of COVID-19 patients detected no viral RNA in different anterior and posterior segments of the eyes. However, another study revealed a 21.4% positivity of the retinal biopsies of dead patients. The results of this study can help ophthalmologists to be vigilant when they see these findings in a suspected case of COVID-19. In addition, wearing face masks and protective goggles or eye shields are recommended, especially in high risk contacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social-emotional competences are critical for positive development and significantly predict educational and occupational attainment, health, and well-being. There is however a lack of consensus about the number of core competences, and how these are defined and operationalized. This divergence in approach challenges future research as well as the scientific usefulness of the construct. In an effort to create an integrative framework, this focused review evaluates different approaches of conceptualizing and assessing social-emotional competences. Building on shared conceptions, an integrative taxonomy "DOMASEC" is introduced, specifying core domains and manifestations of social-emotional competences that bridge across frameworks focusing on social and emotional learning, personality traits (such as the Big Five) and self-determination theory. Core domains include intrapersonal, interpersonal and task-oriented competencies, differentiating between affective, cognitive, and behavioral manifestations of competences across these domains. It is argued that the integrative taxonomy facilitates the conceptual specification of key constructs, that it helps to better organize the multitude of terms and definitions used, and to guide the conceptualization and operationalization of social-emotional competences and their various facets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scleroderma en coup de sabre (ECDS) and Parry-Romberg idiopathic hemifacial atrophy (IHA) may affect the eyes, oral cavity, teeth and possibly the brain. Objective: Systematic follow-up study of ECDS/IHA-associated manifestations including ophthalmic and dental status. Methods: Medical records of ECDS and IHA patients diagnosed in a 40-year period (1975–2015) were reviewed, and patients were re-examined. Results: Thirty-five patients were included. Twenty-two patients (63%) had ECDS and 4 patients (11%) IHA. In 9 cases (26%), ECDS and IHA were found in the same patient. The ipsilateral eye was affected in 9 patients (26%). Ipsilateral abnormalities of the teeth and the tongue were found in 13 (46%) out of 28 examined. Eleven (31%) had extrafacial scleroderma on the trunk or the extremities. Neurological findings were not verified as ECDS/IHA related. Conclusion: ECDS and IHA are related and often overlap with concomitant affections of the connective tissues of the face on the ipsilateral side. Ocular and dental abnormalities are common and follow the distribution of the primary affection, for example, a paramedian line in the front and segmental affection of the maxilla and the mandible. The affections point to predisposing dysmorphogenetic events in embryonal life affecting the face, with abnormality of crest cells at the stage when they migrate from behind over the scalp or laterally to the face to mix up with mesenchymal tissues of the frontonasal, maxillary and mandibular processes. The study emphasizes that routine evaluation of ECDS and IHA should include ophthalmological and dental specialist examinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Historical & Cultural Studies an Academic Magazine is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• The prevalence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever is increasing in Afghanistan, weather is a more important determinant than scarifying festival (Eid-al-Adha), and optimum timing of interventions are essential. • The majority of the cases visited the hospital during the late phase of infection, which can negatively effect the efficacy of treatment and lead to severe outcomes. • Our findings show that impaired ALT, hemorrhagic manifestation including epistaxis, and impaired consciousness were factors that were associated with death and may provide a clue regarding early effective intervention and increasing the chance of survival of the patients. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a particular regional concern because of endemicity in Afghanistan and many neighboring countries. The prevalence of CCHF has been increasing in this region. These concerns are compounded because there is no vaccine or therapeutic for CCHF and Afghanistan lacks adequate public health infrastructure in preventing, detecting, and containing cases. This investigation aimed to study the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features of CCHF in Afghanistan that might be useful in prevention and case detection, particularly in a limited resource setting. A descriptive and analytic retrospective study of epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features of confirmed patients (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-positive for CCHF) who were admitted to referral infectious center of Afghanistan from March 2017, to December 2018, was carried out. There were 51 ELISA-confirmed CCHF patients, comprised of 14 females and 37 males. The mean age was 30 years of age, and there were 11 deaths. The case fatality rate (CFR) was 21.6% and was not significant between sexes (p = 0.8). Most cases were recorded from June to September, which is the period containing Eid-al-Adha. With regard to occupation, 13.7% and 11.8% of subjects were butchers and shepherds, respectively. The leading clinical manifestations were fever, hemorrhage, and myalgia. The mean time between onset of symptoms and admission to the hospital was 4.9 days in recovered cases and 4.7 days for expired cases. The prevalence of CCHF is increasing in Afghanistan. The majority of cases visited the hospital during the late phase of infection. This delay can negatively affect the efficacy of treatment and lead to severe health outcomes. Our findings reveal that impaired Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hemorrhagic manifestations (including epistaxis), and impaired consciousness were factors associated with a higher mortality rate. These biomarkers may provide a clue to possible early effective interventions and increasing the chance of survival of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) is a rare disorder characterized by accumulation of non‐Langerhans cell histiocytes in multiple organs. The clinical manifestations are protean and vary from asymptomatic focal disease to potentially fatal multisystem disorder. The commonest presentation is symmetric osterosclerotic lesions of lower extremity long bones; other organs, including cardiovascular, nervous, and endocrine system may be affected. Central nervous system involvement can occur in up to 50% cases and is associated with poor prognosis. The disease pathogenesis involves organ involvement secondary to histiocytic infiltration and systemic inflammation driven by Th1 cytokine activation. The recent discovery of activating mutations in proto‐oncogene B‐rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (BRAF) V600E and other genes involved in mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways has led to redefinition of ECD as a myeloid neoplastic disorder. The diagnosis requires histochemical and molecular analysis of histiocytes in tissue biopsies in patients with compatible clinical and imaging features. The treatment options include interferon‐alpha, anakinra, and immunosuppressive therapies. Better understanding of disease pathogenesis has led to development of novel targeted and effective therapies including BRAF and MEK inhibitors. The rarity of the disease and variable clinical features and course often results in diagnostic errors and delays. Rare primary neurological presentation can occur mimicking CNS inflammatory, neoplastic, or demyelinating disorders. We report an unusual case of ECD presenting with progressive encephalopathy and ataxia along with multifocal brainstem and cerebellar lesions. A comprehensive review of clinical and neuroimaging features and immunohistochemical and molecular characteristic of ECD are presented along with review of neuroimaging findings in two previously reported cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In 2019 Bangladesh faced largest outbreak of Dengue fever (DF) and clinicians observed some changing patterns in presentation and laboratory findings of DF. This study intends to find the changing patterns of dengue and its different manifestations including unusual one. Results: Among 220 dengue serologically positive cases, the most common age group affected was 18-49 years (68.6%). Regarding the known common features like fever (91.8%), vomiting (50.2%), headache (48.2%), were frequent among the patients but myalgia (19.6%), rash (14.5%), retro orbital pain (14.1%) were not so common. Presence of unusual features like abdominal pain (49.3%), loose motion (55%) and cough/breathlessness (41.4%) ascites (53.2%), pleural effusion (51.8%), hepatomegaly (32.3%), peri-gallbladder edema (35.5%) and splenomegaly (15.1%) were also common among dengue patients. Serum Lipase was also increased in (28.8%) cases suggesting pancreatitis. Conclusion: Unusual Manifestations of dengue fever is common. As the spread of dengue is increasing with significant morbidity and mortality, it is extremely important for the clinicians to know about its unusual manifestations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses certain interpretations of Brazilian protests known as the June Journeys of 2013. The qualitative research found 134 Brazilian academic publications, among scientific articles, theses and dissertations. Based on this material we devoloped a critical systematization of the literature on the Journeys in which we discern the arguments present in the texts on the origins, characteristics and legacies of the Journeys, problematizing some of these interpretations. We argue that June 2013 was a cycle of protests that involved a variety of actors, agendas and repertoires producing diverse legacies. In this way, we provide the reader with an understanding of the Journeys, pointing to the disputes and complexities of the phenomenon, thus avoiding certain generalizations about it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Dissertations / Rozpraw Społecznych is the property of Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biala Podlaska and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

I examine some consequences of Porchat's claim that neo-pyrrhonism needs to provide no precise and worked-out definition of phenomenon. At the face of it, to allow such a crucial notion to be undefined seems to render the neo-pyrrhonist epokhé utterly imprecise -- the operation of accepting but not believing in phenomena forms the doubly articulated epokhé together with the suspension of judgment concerning what is beyond the phenomena. This imprecision seems to make neo-pyrrhonism vulnerable. I argue that this vulnerability is one of its chief virtues for it makes sure skepticism is situated, dependent on variable circumstances and opposite to the idea that the variability of phenomena can be immunized. I make use of the idea that phenomenon is above all a situated manifestation of things and it is precisely to it, and to the incorrigible turmoil it engenders, that neo-pyrrhonism is solidly faithful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: The Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs), Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), are gastrointestinal autoimmune disorders with many Extraintestinal Manifestations (EIMs). Previously reported incidences of EIMs in IBD patients have ranged from 10% to 50%. The large variation in occurrence of EIMs has been linked to genetic predisposition. Correlations between individual EIMs are unclear. Therefore, we aim to estimate the incidence of EIMs in a Middle Eastern cohort of patients with IBD and examine possible relationships with EIMs. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study involving all patients included in the King Abdulaziz University IBD information system registry between 2013 and 2018. Data on demographics, disease characteristics, and EIMs were extracted and analyzed using descriptive statistics: the standard Student's t-test and chi-squared test. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations using STATA software version 11.2 (StataCorp, TX, USA). Results: We reviewed the electronic medical files of 284 patients with confirmed IBD, of which 158 (55.6%) were females, the mean age was 27.8 (±15) years; 146 (51.4%) patients had CD and 138 (48.6%) UC. The overall incidence risk of EIMs was 138 (52.3%) over a mean duration of follow up of 7.3 (±3.9) years. The most common EIM was arthritis (33%), followed by aphthous ulcers (16%). Pyoderma gangrenosum occurred in 8% of patients and appeared to be specific for CD patients (p = 0.002), whereas Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) was more specific for UC (p = 0.001). Certain EIMs appeared to occur together such as arthritis with PSC (p = 0.001). Regression analysis identified disease type (in favor of UC; odds ratio = 0.50, p = 0.03) and age at the time of diagnosis (odds ratio = 1.04, p = 0.001) as the only significant predictors of EIMs. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that more than half of IBD patients have at least one EIM. Contrary to what has often been reported, we found that EIMs occur more commonly in UC than CD. A multidisciplinary assessment is recommended as part of IBD management to improve overall health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]