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We discuss the relationship between invariant manifolds of nonautonomous differential equations and pullback attractors. This relationship is essential, e.g., for the numerical approximation of these manifolds. In the first step, we show that the unstable manifold is the pullback attractor of the differential equation. The main result says that every (hyperbolic or nonhyperbolic) invariant manifold is the pullback attractor of a related system which we construct explicitly using spectral transformations. To illustrate our theorem, we present an application to the Lorenz system and approximate numerically the stable as well as the strong stable manifold of the origin.

Fotball, en elsket fritidsaktivitet som for noe blir en drømmejobb. Virkeligheten er imidlertid slik at profesjonelle fotballspillere står overfor yrkesrelatert stress og en rekke fysiske, sosiale og psykologiske utfordringer i jakten på suksess. Selv om finnes omfattende forskning på profesjonelle idrettsutøvere, er det fortsatt behov for flere studier om velvære i arbeidet som fotballspiller. For å fylle dette kunnskapsgapet ble en kvalitativ tilnærming med bruk av semistrukturerte intervjuer brukt for å undersøke jobbkarakteristikkene og opplevelsene til seks norske profesjonelle fotballspillere. Studien brukte jobbkrav-ressursmodellen og gjennomførte en refleksiv tematisk analyse, der syv overordnede og dynamiske temaer ble identifisert. Tre temaer ble identifisert som jobbkrav, inkludert usikkerhet knyttet til karrieren på grunn av frykt for skader, kontrakter og prestasjonspress. Arbeid-livsbalanse, prioriteringer, ofringer og overdrevne tanker på fotball gjorde det vanskelig å balansere fotball og privatliv. Spillerne opplevde også fysisk og mental belastning som "24/7"-idrettsutøvere, tåle smerte, høyt press og forventninger. Fire temaer ble identifisert som jobbressurser, inkludert personlige ressurser som lidenskap, disiplin, nysgjerrighet, takknemlighet og personlige mestringsstrategier og rutiner. Lagklimaet ble ansett som avgjørende for sosial støtte, etterfulgt av den betydningsfulle rollen høy lønn og familiestøtte spilte. Til slutt ble mental trening identifisert som en allsidig og lovende jobbressurs. Denne studien identifiserer opplevde barrierer for mental helse og mental trening, og understreker viktige implikasjoner for enkeltpersoner og organisasjoner. Ved å forbedre forståelsen av profesjonelle fotballspilleres evne til å håndtere og takle stressfaktorer, fremmer denne studien bedre trivsel og prestasjon. Football, a beloved recreational activity turned dream job for some. However, the reality is that professional football players face occupational stress and a range of physical, social, and psychological challenges in their pursuit of success. While extensive research on professional athletes exists, there remains a need for more studies about the well-being of footballers in the workplace. To address this gap, a qualitative approach utilizing semi-structured interviews was employed to investigate the job characteristics and experiences of six Norwegian professional football players. The study employed the job demands-resources model and conducted a reflexive thematic analysis, identifying seven overarching and dynamic themes. Three themes were identified as job demands, including career uncertainty due to fear of injuries, contracts and performance pressure. Work-life balance, priorities, sacrifices, and obsessive football thoughts made balancing football and personal life difficult. Players also experience physical and mental strain as "24/7" athletes, enduring pain, high pressure and expectations. Four themes were identified as job resources, including personal resources such as passion, discipline, curiosity, gratefulness, and personal coping mechanisms and routines. The team climate was deemed crucial in providing social support, followed by the significant role of high salaries and family support. Finally, mental training was identified as a versatile and high-potential job resource. This study identified perceived barriers to mental health and mental training, emphasizing important implications for individuals and organizations. By enhancing the understanding of professional football players' capacity to overcome and manage stressors, this study promotes better well-being and performance.

Mange yrker og bransjer preges av en enorm teknologisk utvikling. Bilindustrien er intet unntak. Avanserte førerstøttesystemer blir vanligere, og oppgavene de kan overta blir stadig flere. Likevel er disse systemene, og utviklerne av dem, helt avhengig av at bilister aksepterer og ønsker å bruke systemene. Dermed er førerens holdninger en naturlig flaskehals i implementering av ny teknologi. Stor interesse har blitt viet til å identifisere faktorer som påvirker førerens aksept og bruk av teknologiske systemer i kjøretøy. Derimot har trafikklæreren, mange trafikanters første rollemodell for trafikal oppførsel og holdninger, sin opplevelse av yrkets teknologiske utvikling fått mindre oppmerksomhet. Nettopp dette er denne oppgavens interesseområde. Fem semistrukturerte intervjuer av aktive trafikklærere har blitt gjennomført, med formål om å få et innblikk i deres subjektive opplevelse av hvordan yrkesspesifikk teknologi, som automatiseringssystemer og simulatorteknologi, påvirker deres yrkesutøvelse. Simulatorteknologi påvirker trafikklærerne hovedsakelig ved å tilby et pedagogisk verktøy med tilhørende styrker og limitasjoner, mens utviklingen av automatiseringsteknologi endrer krav til kompetanse både hos trafikklærere og trafikkelever. Flere av trafikklærerne forteller om en uoverensstemmelse mellom kompetansen trafikklærerne opparbeider seg under utdanningen og kompetansen som kreves som yrkesaktiv trafikklærer. Fremtiden til bransjen, og spesielt trafikklæreryrket, virker å oppleves som uforutsigbar og usikker. Her er variasjonen stor blant trafikklærerne; noen ser på fremtidig teknologi som spennende, mens andre har problemer med å se for seg en fremtid hvor automatiserte kjøretøy og trafikklærere sameksisterer. Det samtlige deltakere enes om er dog at yrket vil gjennomgå store endringer i årene som kommer. Technological advancements are raging on in most occupations and trades. The car industry is no exception to this. Advanced driver-assistant systems (ADAS) are getting more common and applicable by the day. However, these systems, and the ones responsible for their development, are completely at the consumer`s mercy, as they decide whether to accept and use the systems or not. Thus, driver`s attitudes towards new technology is the bottleneck of technological implementation in the car industry. A great deal of interest has been devoted to understanding the constitution of driver`s attitudes towards automobile technology. In the meantime, the attitudes of driver teachers, one of the first and possibly most influential models of attitudes towards car technology an aspiring driver is introduced to, are not as thoroughly explored. The goal of this project is to contribute to this somewhat shallow understanding. Subjective experiences with work-related technology, such as simulator-based technology and automation technology, has been collected from five driver teachers through semi-structured interviews. Simulator technology is affecting the driver teacher by supporting them with a new tool for educational purposes, with its own strengths and limitations. Automation technology is rapidly and constantly changing the necessary knowledge needed to operate a vehicle, thus effecting the need for competence, of both driver teacher and driver learner. In addition, several driver teachers report of a discrepancy between the focus of their educational background and the technological knowledge needed as a working driver teacher. The future of the car industry and the occupation of driver teachers seems uncertain and hard to predict. The variety amongst the driver teachers and their view on their future is apparent; some see interesting technological possibilities, while others envision a future where fully automated cars and driver teachers cannot coexist. One thing is for certain, the occupation of driver teachers is bound to change in the future.

According to a survey of the Italian Environmental Monitoring Agency (ARPA), there are different critical sites in Campania region (South Italy) (e.i. legal or illegal landfills, countryside lands, abandoned farms, parking lots and regular streets). Literature data show that about half of the lead, cadmium and mercury contents, ingested through food, is due to the plant products (fruit, vegetables and grains) (Kachenko and Singh 2006; Liu et al 2012; Chang et al 2014; Wong et al 2002). In the health protection programs, the knowledge of heavy metals translocation from soils to plants used as food are very important with research on metal uptake by plants of food interest cultivated in contaminated soils. The goal of this work was to evaluate the translocation and accumulation of trace metals from the rhizosphere to the different parts of the plant (roots, stems, leaves, fruit) of Topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) sampled in the coast area of Castel Volturno (Campania region, South Italy). This area is one of the critical sites according to a survey of the Environmental Monitoring Agency ARPA. In addition to these measures, malondialdehyde (MDA) activity was assayed to evaluate the stress state of the plant. The results showed that the trace metals concentration determinated in different organs of each species studied were more present in the roots than the other plant’s parts, suggesting a probable block at root level. The only exception were Cu and Hg in tomato and topinambur plants respectively, that were mainly present in the leaves. The metals block at the root induced no alteration of MDA. However, the correlation between this activity and Cd, Pb, V and Hg seemed to attest to a possible synergy. Keywords: "Helianthus tuberosus", "Solanum lycopersicum", trace metal, traslocation Reference -Kachenko AG, Singh B, 2006 Heavy Metals Contamination in Vegetables Grown in Urban and Metal Smelter Contaminated Sites in Australia. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 169: 101–123; -Liu L, Hu LL, Tang JJ, Li YF, Zhang Q, Chen X. 2012. Food safety assessment of planting patterns of four vegetable-type crops grown in soil contaminated by electronic waste activities. Journal of Environmental Management. 93(1):22–30. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.08.021 -Chang C. Y., Yu H. Y., Chen J. J., L i F. B., Zhang H. H., Liu C. P., 2014. Accumulation of heavy metals in leaf vegetables from agricultural soils and associated potential health risks in the Pearl River Delta, South China Environ. Monit. Assess. 2014; 186(3): 1547–1560. -Wong SC, Li XD, Zhang G, Qi SH, MinYS, 2002 Heavy metals in agricultural soils of the Pearl River Delta, South China Environmental Pollution, 119 (1) 33–4

This work presents first complementary geochemical and stable isotope investigations of Risnjak Mountain karstic aquifer system in north-western Croatia. This aquifer is an important source of drinking water for both countries Croatia and Slovenia. The two main rivers, namely the Kupa River and the Rjecina River discharge the same mountain range, but belong to two different watersheds. Their springs are only 22 km apart, and located in scarcely populated areas. Kupa flows through limestones and dolomites in National Park Risnjak until it meets its largest tributary Cabranka. Rjecina flows first through flysch and carbonates before it enters the Adriatic Sea. At its lower course it flows through the densely populated town of Rijeka. For effective management of water resources the baseline data were collected. Sediment fraction