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Coelioxys (Boreocoelioxys) banksi Crawford, 1914 Counties: Clearwater, Hennepin, Redwood, Saint Louis., Published as part of Portman, Zachary M., Gardner, Joel, Lane, Ian G., Gerjets, Nicole, Petersen, Jessica D., Ascher, John S., Arduser, Mike, Evans, Elaine C., Boyd, Crystal, Thomson, Robin & Cariveau, Daniel P., 2023, A checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Minnesota, pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 5304 (1) on page 64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5304.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8048569

Stelis (Stelis) permaculata Cockerell, 1898 Counties: Clay, Lake of the Woods. Comments: Originally reported from Minnesota in Satyshur et al. (2021) from Clay County and we have one additional record. Material examined: Lake of the Woods Co.: Cecil’s Walking Trail (48.7115, -95.1516): 1 ♁ (MNDNR), 5 Jul 2018, E. Maxson leg., bee bowls, determined by E. Maxson and confirmed by Z. Portman., Published as part of Portman, Zachary M., Gardner, Joel, Lane, Ian G., Gerjets, Nicole, Petersen, Jessica D., Ascher, John S., Arduser, Mike, Evans, Elaine C., Boyd, Crystal, Thomson, Robin & Cariveau, Daniel P., 2023, A checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Minnesota, pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 5304 (1) on page 74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5304.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8048569, {"references":["Satyshur, C. D., Evans, T. A., Forsberg, B. M. & Gibbs, J. (2021) First records of Stelis permaculata Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Minnesota, United States of America and Manitoba, Canada. Great Lakes Entomologist, 54, 208 - 210."]}

Osmia (Melanosmia) virga Sandhouse, 1939 Counties: Beltrami, Clearwater, Crow Wing, Hennepin, Koochiching, Sherburne. Subgenus Osmia Panzer s. str. Taxonomy: Rust (1974)., Published as part of Portman, Zachary M., Gardner, Joel, Lane, Ian G., Gerjets, Nicole, Petersen, Jessica D., Ascher, John S., Arduser, Mike, Evans, Elaine C., Boyd, Crystal, Thomson, Robin & Cariveau, Daniel P., 2023, A checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Minnesota, pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 5304 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5304.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8048569, {"references":["Sandhouse, G. A. (1939) The North American bees of the genus Osmia. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 1, 1 - 167.","Rust, R. W. (1974) The systematics and biology of the genus Osmia, subgenera Osmia, Chalcosmia, and Cephalosmia (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Wasmann Journal of Biology, 32, 1 - 93."]}

Osmia (Melanosmia) subarctica Cockerell, 1912 Counties: Anoka, Clearwater, Roseau. Comments: This poorly-known species had its taxonomic status clarified in Gibbs et al. (2017)., Published as part of Portman, Zachary M., Gardner, Joel, Lane, Ian G., Gerjets, Nicole, Petersen, Jessica D., Ascher, John S., Arduser, Mike, Evans, Elaine C., Boyd, Crystal, Thomson, Robin & Cariveau, Daniel P., 2023, A checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Minnesota, pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 5304 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5304.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8048569, {"references":["Gibbs, J., Ascher, J. S., Rightmyer, M. G. & Isaacs, R. (2017) The bees of Michigan (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), with notes on distribution, taxonomy, pollination, and natural history. Zootaxa, 4352 (1), 1 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4352.1.1"]}

Hoplitis (Alcidamea) truncata (Cresson, 1878) Counties: Becker, Beltrami, Clearwater, Hennepin, Saint Louis. Genus Megachile Latreille Taxonomy: Mitchell (1935a, 1935 b, 1936a, 1936 b, 1937a, 1937 b 1937c, 1962, 1980); Snelling (1990); Bzdyk (2012); Gonzalez et al. (2019). The Canadian species have been reviewed by Sheffield et al. (2011), but that work is problematic because “large parts of the text for the species descriptions used in that work were taken from the various treatments of the genus Megachile by Mitchell” without attribution (Sheffield 2020). Subgenus Addendella Mitchell, Published as part of Portman, Zachary M., Gardner, Joel, Lane, Ian G., Gerjets, Nicole, Petersen, Jessica D., Ascher, John S., Arduser, Mike, Evans, Elaine C., Boyd, Crystal, Thomson, Robin & Cariveau, Daniel P., 2023, A checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Minnesota, pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 5304 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5304.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8048569, {"references":["Mitchell, T. B. (1935 a) A revision of the genus Megachile in the Nearctic region. Part II. Morphology of the male sternites and genital armature and the taxonomy of the subgenera Litomegachile, Neomegachile and Cressoniella (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 61, 1 - 44.","Mitchell, T. B. (1935 b) A revision of the genus Megachile in the Nearctic region. Part III. Taxonomy of subgenera Anthemois and Delomegachile (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 61, 155 - 205.","Mitchell, T. B. (1936 a) A revision of the genus Megachile in the Nearctic region. Part IV. Taxonomy of subgenera Xanthosarus, Phaenosarus, Megachiloides and Derotropis (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 62, 117 - 166.","Mitchell, T. B. (1936 b) A revision of the genus Megachile in the Nearctic region. Part V. Taxonomy of subgenus Xeromegachile (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 62, 323 - 382.","Mitchell, T. B. (1937 a) A revision of the genus Megachile in the Nearctic region. Part VI. Taxonomy of subgenera Argyropile, Leptorachis, Pseudocentron, Acentron and Melanosarus (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 63, 45 - 93.","Mitchell, T. B. (1937 b) A revision of the genus Megachile in the Nearctic region. Part VII. Taxonomy of the subgenus Sayapis (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 63, 175 - 206.","Mitchell, T. B. (1937 c) A revision of the genus Megachile in the Nearctic region. Part VIII. Taxonomy of the subgenus Chelostomoides, addenda, and index (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 63, 381 - 421.","Mitchell, T. B. (1962) Bees of the Eastern United States. Vol. II. North Carolina Agricultural Experimental Station Technical Bulletin, 152, 1 - 557.","Mitchell, T. B. (1980) A generic revision of the megachiline bees of the Western Hemisphere (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Contributions from the Department of Entomology. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 95 pp.","Snelling, R. R. (1990) A review of the native North American bees of the genus Chalicodoma (= Chelostomoides) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Los Angeles County Museum, Contributions in Science, 421, 1 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 208139","Bzdyk, E. L. (2012) A revision of the Megachile subgenus Litomegachile Mitchell with an illustrated key and description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Megachilini). ZooKeys, 221, 31 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 221.3234","Gonzalez, V. H., Gustafson, G. T. & Engel, M. S. (2019) Morphological phylogeny of Megachilini and the evolution of leaf-cutter behavior in bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Journal of Melittology, 85, 1 - 123.","Sheffield, C. S., Ratti, C., Packer, L. & Griswold, T. (2011) Leafcutter and mason bees of the genus Megachile Latreille (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Canada and Alaska. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, 18, 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / cjai. 2011.18","Sheffield, C. S. (2020) Corrigendum: Leafcutter and mason bees of the genus Megachile Latreille (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Canada and Alaska. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, 1 - 2. [published online] https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / cjai. 2020. AC 05"]}

Stelis (Stelis) labiata (Provancher, 1888) Counties: Pipestone, Polk, Red Lake, Wright. Material examined: Pipestone Co.: Pipestone National Monument: 1 ♀, 19 Jun 1973, Malaise Trap, det. Z. Portman; Polk Co.: Glacial Ridge NWR - Kertsonville II Unit (47.755496 -96.383179): 1 ♁ (USFWS), 14 Jun 2013, R. Engelmann leg., det. M. Arduser; 1 ♁ (USFWS), 24 Jun 2013, R. Engelmann leg., det. M. Arduser; Red Lake Co.: Plummer: 1 ♁, 16 Jun 1933, D.G. Denning leg., det. J. Gardner; Wright Co.: Temperance WPA (45.1296 -94.2138): 1 ♁ (USFWS), 20 Jul 2013, N. Palaia leg., det. M. Arduser., Published as part of Portman, Zachary M., Gardner, Joel, Lane, Ian G., Gerjets, Nicole, Petersen, Jessica D., Ascher, John S., Arduser, Mike, Evans, Elaine C., Boyd, Crystal, Thomson, Robin & Cariveau, Daniel P., 2023, A checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Minnesota, pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 5304 (1) on page 74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5304.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8048569

Coelioxys texanus Cresson, 1872 Comments: Reported from Minnesota by Mitchell (1962), but Baker (1975) shows the northernmost range as occurring in southern Kansas and Missouri (see also these range limits cited by Hurd 1979). Baker (1975) does not mention the Mitchell (1962) record and the source of the purported Minnesota specimen is unknown., Published as part of Portman, Zachary M., Gardner, Joel, Lane, Ian G., Gerjets, Nicole, Petersen, Jessica D., Ascher, John S., Arduser, Mike, Evans, Elaine C., Boyd, Crystal, Thomson, Robin & Cariveau, Daniel P., 2023, A checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Minnesota, pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 5304 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5304.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8048569, {"references":["Mitchell, T. B. (1962) Bees of the Eastern United States. Vol. II. North Carolina Agricultural Experimental Station Technical Bulletin, 152, 1 - 557.","Baker, J. R. (1975) Taxonomy of five nearctic subgenera of Coelioxys (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 50, 649 - 730.","Hurd, P. D. (1979) Superfamily Apoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 2. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1741 - 2209."]}

Solitary bees provide an important ecological and agricultural service by pollinating both wild plants and crops, often more effectively than honey bees. In the context of worldwide pollinators' declines, it is important to better understand the functioning of populations under multiple stressors at larger spatial and temporal scales. Here we propose building a detailed, spatially-explicit agent-based model of one of the best-studied species of solitary bees, Osmia bicornis L. In this Formal Model, we review various aspects of O. bicornis biology and ecology in detail and provide descriptions of their planned implementations in the model. We also discuss the model gaps and limitations, as well as inclusions and exclusions, allowing a dialogue with the reviewers about the model's design.The ALMaSS model of O. bicornis aims to provide a realistic and detailed representation of O. bicornis populations in space and time in European agricultural landscapes. The model will be a part of the Animal, Landscape and Man Simulation System (ALMaSS); thus will be able to utilise a highly detailed, dynamic ALMaSS landscape model. It will consider the behaviour of all bee life stages daily and use state transitions to allow each individual to decide their behaviour. The development of egg-to-pupa stages in the nest will be temperature-driven. Adult bees, after they emerge from the nest in spring, will interact with the environment. They will be able to search for suitable nesting locations, provision their brood cells with pollen and reproduce. Modelled females will balance offspring size and number following the optimal allocation theory, but local environmental factors will modify their actual parental investment decisions. The model will include the daily mortality rate for the egg-to-pupa stages, overwintering mortality, and background mortality outside the nest. We will also consider the risk of open-cell parasitism as increasing with the time the brood cell is open.With the level of detail suggested, the model will be able to simulate population-level dynamics in response to multiple factors at the landscape scale over long periods. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has suggested O. bicornis as a model organism for non-Apis solitary bees in the pesticide risk assessment scheme. Therefore, we hope our model will be a first step in building future landscape risk assessments for solitary bees.

Many insect species have shown dramatic declines over the last decades, as a result of man-related environmental changes. Many species which were formerly widespread are now rare. To document this trend with evidence, old records of collected specimens are vital. We provide here the data on 9752 bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) specimens hosted in several museums of south-east France: Musée des Confluences in Lyon, Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Marseille, Muséum d’Aix-en-Provence and the Muséum Départemental du Var in Toulon. Most of the specimens (9256) come from France and include data on 552 named species. For most of these specimens, the geographical location, including geographical coordinates, is based on the locality (town or village) where they were collected. The specimens were captured from the beginning of the nineteenth century to 2018. The identifications of 1377 specimens, mainly belonging to the genus Bombus, are considered reliable, as these were performed or been checked since 2009. All the other reported identifications are the original ones given by the original collectors.

There is a growing interest to document and better understand patterns and processes involved in non-native bee introductions and subsequent colonisation of new areas worldwide. We studied the spread of the East Asian bee Megachile sculpturalis in Serbia and south-eastern Europe; the bee was earlier established in the USA (since 1994) and western Europe (since 2008). Its establishment in Serbia remained dubious throughout most of 2017–2019, following its first detection. We hereby report on its establishment and spreading, which were corroborated in 2019 under specific circumstances. Owing to an exceptionally poor blooming of Styphnolobium japonicum in 2019, we recorded a high activity density of M. sculpturalis concentrated on a scarce key food resource. We present a novel quantitative approach for an improved early detection of M. sculpturalis, based on the interplay between the bee local occurrence pattern and dynamics of key food-plant(s) availability. This approach seems particularly effective during the early-phase colonisation, at initially low population density of introduced bees. We address the importance of integration of the genuine plant usage patterns with context-specific bee assessment options in establishing effective monitoring. The improved understanding of M. sculpturalis local dynamics triggered the questions about possible origin(s) and modes of its dispersal east of the Alps. To explore the possible scenarios of M. sculpturalis introduction(s), we extended the study to a wider spatio-temporal context – the region of SE Europe (2015–2019). The two complementary study approaches (at local and regional scale) provided more comprehensive evidence of bee dispersal history and the detection patterns in varied recording contexts. Based on this two-scale approach, we suggest that a diffusive mode of M. sculpturalis introduction into Serbia now seems to be a more plausible scenario (than a long-distance jump). We argue that the integration of outcomes from the contrasting approaches (a systematic surveillance, based on plant resources and a broad-scale opportunistic recording) could be of great methodological relevance for the development of future monitoring protocols.

The leafcutting bees of the leachella group of Megachile Latreille subgenus Eutricharaea Thomson are revised for the Western Palaearctic region using a combination of morphology and phylogenetic analyses of three genes (COI, LW-Rhodopsin, CAD). Although only seven species are recognized, much effort was needed to link delimitated taxonomic units to taxon names because of the difficulties in identifying type specimens. Numerous types were in a poor state of conservation, preventing straight-forward identification using morphology. This was in some cases aggravated by the fact that they often belonged to a sex that could not easily be identified; one type was a gynandromorph specimen whose identification is even more challenging. In several cases, the type locality was vague or unclear; in three cases, the type specimens originated from introduced populations for which the source of the introduction needed to be determined using DNA barcoding. In two cases, the type specimens consisted of several body parts not originating from a single individual but from two heterospecific specimens. We argue that this tedious nomenclatural work would have been greatly facilitated if a reference library of type specimens had been available. Our revision leads to the following taxonomic changes. Megachile argentata (Fabricius, 1793), described from northern Africa and with a convoluted taxonomic history, is demonstrated, based on morphometric analyses of its lectotype, to be conspecific with the species hitherto known as M. pilidens Alfken, 1924. After discussing and excluding several alternative options that would minimize nomenclatural changes, we place M. pilidens in synonymy with M. argentata (syn. nov.). Two new subspecies are described for morphologically slightly divergent insular populations, M. leachella cretica Praz, ssp. nov. from Crete, and M. leachella densipunctata Praz, ssp. nov. from Cyprus. In addition, M. albipila Pérez, 1895 is treated as a subspecies of M. leachella Curtis, 1828 (stat. nov.). The following new synonymies are proposed: M. compacta Pérez, 1895 (not M. compacta Smith, 1879) and the replacement name M. crassula Pérez, 1896, M. argyrea Cockerell, 1931 and Perezia maura Ferton, 1914, are placed in synonymy with M. argentata (syn. nov.). M. beaumonti Benoist, 1951, is newly treated as a valid species (stat. rev.). M. schmiedeknechti Costa, 1884 is treated as a subspecies of M. argentata (stat. nov.), and M. xanthopyga Pérez, 1895 is placed in synonymy with M. argentata schmiedeknechti (syn. nov.). M. bioculata Pérez, 1902, M. discriminata Rebmann, 1968 and M. ichnusae Rebmann, 1968 are placed in synonymy with M. leachella (syn. nov.). M. variscopa Pérez, 1895, M. timberlakei Cockerell, 1920, M. atratula Rebmann, 1968, M. striatella Rebmann, 1968 and M. sudai Ikudome, 1999 are placed in synonymy with M. pusilla Pérez, 1894. Lectotypes are designated for M. albipila, M. bioculata, M. compacta Pérez, M. pusilla, M. variscopa and M. xanthopyga.

The Vietnamese fauna of bees in the Anthidiellum Cockerell (Megachilinae, Anthidiini) is reviewed. Seven species are recognized, representing two subgenera. Five new species are described and figured as: Anthidiellum (Clypanthidium) nahang Tran, Engel & Nguyen, sp. nov., A. (Pycnanthidium) ayun Tran, Engel & Nguyen, sp. nov., A. (P.) chumomray Tran, Engel & Nguyen, sp. nov., A. (P.) flavaxilla Tran, Engel & Nguyen, sp. nov., and A. (P.) cornu Tran, Engel & Nguyen, sp. nov. from the northern and central highlands of Vietnam. Two previously described species are newly recorded for the fauna: A. (P.) carinatum (Wu) and A. (P.) coronum (Wu), with the male of the latter species described and illustrated for the first time. An identification key is provided for all species of Anthidiellum occurring in Vietnam.

Anthidiellum breviusculum (Pérez, 1890) Material examined FRANCE: 1♂, Drome pr., 12 km SE Dieulefit, 500 m, 09 July 1999, B. Merz leg. (ms3916, CMK). – 1♀, Alpes Maritimes: La Brigue (44.065°N, 7.618°E), 800 m, 10 July 2010, C. SchmidEgger (seg181, CMK). – 1♀, Le Beaucet, 09 July 1993, M. Hauser leg. (mh099). – PORTUGAL: 1♀, 1♂, Trás-os-Montes, hill E of Moimenta (41.948°N, − 6.964°E), 02 July 2016, T. Wood leg. (tjw006–007, see also Baldock et al. 2018). – SPAIN: 1♀, Murcia Sra. de Espuña nr. Totana, 20 June 1973, Z. Boucek leg. (ms3915). – 1♀, Murcia, Sierra de la Muela, 28 June 2021, I. Cross leg. (tjw002). – 2♂, Granada: Tocón. d. Quéntar to Camino de Las Ramillas (37.237° N, − 3.361°E), 1200 m, 04 July 2021, T. Wood leg. (tjw008/INV12212, tjw011). – 1♂, Granada: Nerja, 03 July 1974, Z. Boucek leg. (NHMUK). – 1♀, Callosa, 08 July 1978, K.M. Guichard leg. (NHMUK). – 1♂, Segovia, Brieva, 5 km N, Las Canones de los rios Piron y Viego (41.065°N, − 4.051°E), 16 July 2021, T. Wood leg. (tjw009). – 1♀, Segovia, La Higuera, 1 km N (41.027°N, − 4.081°E), 23 July 2019, T. Wood leg. (tjw010). – 1♂, Madrid: R. Guadarrama, 03 June 1979, K.M. Guichard leg. (NHMUK). Literature data FRANCE: Type locality France, probably Agen in southern France (Pérez 1890; Friese 1898; Alfken 1936). La Brigue, see under ‘material̍ (Schmid-Egger 2011). Warncke (1980) gives ‘d̍Annot au Fugeret/Haut-Alpes̍, Montaurox (Var), and Fayence (Var). GBIF record not included here (confirmation required). – PORTUGAL: 2♂, Minho, Codeçoso, Linha do Tamega, 13 June 2016, det. and leg. I. Cross; 1♀, 2♂, Douro Litoral, Amarante, Chapa, 19 June 2016, det. Le Goff, leg. I. Cross (Baldock et al. 2018). – SPAIN: Castelldefels (c. 20 km SW Barcelona), 17 July 1898 (Alonso and María 1908; Mavromoustakis 1949 [1948]). Warncke (1980) also gives ‘NE Spain̍ (original source?). Andalusia: Jaén, Cazorla, Snow Entomological Museum Collection, Kansas (37.913°N, − 03.000°E), 6.viii.1984 (GBIF). Diagnosis 6–7 mm. Overall, a very dark species as compared to its closest congeners. The female is characterised by apically hooked hairs on the labial palpi. The male is characterised by a combination of a black scutum, a pale yellow maculation not reaching antennal sockets on the paraocular areas, and a fine punctation on the clypeus and the terga. Description/variation See Tables 2 and 3. The size of the yellow face marks on the lower paraocular area is variable in the female and they may be entirely absent, as described for a specimen from Barcelona (Alonso and María 1908; Mavromoustakis 1949 [1948]). The preoccipital band is narrower than in the other two species, and is mostly 1–2 antennal diameters wide. It reaches the level of the upper compound eye. Scutellum black, sometimes with narrow yellow posterior band. Axillae black. Seasonal occurrence The flight period extends from June to July. Distribution South-western Europe; found in France, Spain and Portugal (Figure 6)., Published as part of Kasparek, Max, Wood, Thomas, Ferreira, Sónia & Benarfa, Noudjoud, 2023, Taxonomic status of the disjunct populations of the resin bee Anthidiellum breviusculum (Pérez, 1890) s. l. in the Mediterranean (Apoidea: Anthidiini), pp. 2047-2063 in Journal of Natural History 56 (45 - 48) on pages 2054-2056, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2152749, http://zenodo.org/record/7615290, {"references":["Perez J. 1890. Catalogue des melliferes du sud-ouest. Act Soc Linneenne Bordeaux. 44: 133 - 197.","Baldock D, Wood T, Cross I, Smit J. 2018. The bees of Portugal (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Entomofauna Suppl. 22: 1 - 164.","Friese H. 1898. Die Bienen Europa's (Apidae europaeae) nach ihren Gattungen, Arten und Varietaten auf vergleichend morphologisch-biologischer Grundlage. Theil IV: solitare Apiden: genus Eriades. Genus Trachusa. Genus Anthidium. Innsbruck: Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt.","Alfken JD. 1936. Uber die Farbungsveranderlichkeit von Anthidium strigatum Pz. Zum Problem der Rassenbildung. Stettiner entom Z. 97: 189 - 194.","Schmid-Egger C. 2011. Hymenoptera Aculeata from \" Parc national du Mercantour ̎ (France) and \" Parco delle Alpi Marittime ̎ (Italy) in the south-western Alps. Ampulex. 1: 13 - 50.","Warncke K. 1980. Die Bienengattung Anthidium Fabricius, 1804 in der Westpalaarktis und im turkestanischen Becken. Entomofauna. 1: 119 - 209.","Alonso DY, Maria J. 1908. Los \" Apidos ̎ de Espana III. Gen. Anthidium. Mem Real Soc Esp Hist Nat. 5: 153 - 214.","Mavromoustakis GA. 1949 [1948]. On the bees (Hymenoptera Apoidea) of Cyprus. Part I. Ann Mag Nat Hist 12 Ser. 1: 541 - 587. doi: 10.1080 / 00222934808653931."]}

Kasparek, Max, Wood, Thomas, Ferreira, Sónia, Benarfa, Noudjoud (2023): Taxonomic status of the disjunct populations of the resin bee Anthidiellum breviusculum (Pérez, 1890) s.l. in the Mediterranean (Apoidea: Anthidiini). Journal of Natural History 56 (45-48): 2047-2063, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2152749, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2152749

Anthidiellum africanum Kasparek sp. nov. (Figures 2–4) Type material Holotype. Female. ALGERIA: Tébessa: Hammamet (35.42°N, 07.96°E), 865 m, 25 June 2021, R. Abdelkarim leg. (nou047; CMK). Paratypes. 3♀, same data as holotype (nou045, nou050, nou058; CMK). 25♀, same location as holotype, 18 June – 02 July 2022, B. Noudjoud leg., S/ Marrubium vulgare (nou123–134, 136–142, 144–149). – TUNISIA: 2♀, Fernana, 18 July 1979, J. Schmidt leg. (ms7714, ms7716; CMK). – 1♀, Ain Draham, 1 km S Kroumirie, 23 June 1994, M. Hauser leg. (mh100; CMK). Other material examined ALGERIA: 1♀, Tébessa: El Kouif (35°30 ʹ N, 08°17 ʹ E), 940 m, 11 July 2020, R. Abdelkarim leg. (nou054; CMK). – 2♀, same location as holotype, 30.vi., 02 July 2022, B. Noudjoud leg., S/ Marrubium vulgare (nou135, 143). – MOROCCO: 1♀, High Atlas: Taddert, 16 June 2000, Brandl leg. (awe031). – 1♂, Mischliffen [Michlifen] nr. Ifrane, 1900 m, 17 July 1975, A. W. Ebmer leg. (awe030). – 1♂, Ouzoud 2.5 km NE (32°01 ʹ 27″N, 6°41 ʹ 39″ W), 949 m, 07 May 2015, V. Soon leg. (tuz020). Literature data MOROCCO: Record listed by GBIF, see under ‘material ̍. – TUNISIA: Hammam-Lif (Warncke 1980). – Jendouba, 25 km S (36.299°N, 8.751°E), 19.vii.1979 (GBIF). Diagnosis The female is characterised by a combination of the absence of apically hooked bristles on the labial palpi, rich yellow maculations on the integument, and fine punctation of the clypeus and the terga. The male is characterised by a combination of rich yellow maculations on the integument and fine punctation of the clypeus and terga. A detailed comparison of the new taxon with its closest congeners is given in Tables 2 and 3. Description/variation (female) (Table 2) 6–7 mm. Head: Finely punctured, clypeus yellow with dentate, black apical margin; lower paraocular area with yellow maculation reaching beyond antennal sockets; mandible brown with light brown base; three shallow teeth and one strong apical tooth; punctation on supraclypeal area finer than on clypeus; yellow, 3–4 antennal diameters wide preoccipital band present, reaching middle of compound eye, and sometimes continued as reddish-brown extension to malar area; punctation of head fine; labial palpi with long, apically hooked bristles. – Mesosoma: Black, rarely with anterolateral yellow band or remnants of it; scutellum black at base, yellow posteriorly; posterolateral margin semitransparent; axillae yellow. – Metasoma: Terga with fine, dense punctation; yellow bands on T1–T2 broadly interrupted in the middle, T3–T3 interrupted in the middle with a narrow gap; T6 black, sometimes with a yellow spot on each side; scopa yellow. Description/variation (male) (Table 3) 6–7 mm. Head: Clypeus yellow with light brown apical margin; punctation fine; mandible yellow with three black teeth; lower paraocular area with yellow maculation reaching beyond antennal sockets; supraclypeal area black or black with lower half yellow; preoccipital band 2–3 antennal diameters wide, reaching upper part of compound eye. – Mesosoma: Scutum black with L-shaped anterolateral yellow band; scutellum as in female; posterior part of axillae yellow. – Metasoma: Punctation fine, shining; yellow bands on T1– T2 widely interrupted in the middle; bands on T3–T6 interrupted, lateral bands contiguous or sub-contiguous medially. Etymology The epithet indicates that it occurs in Africa. No other species of the breviusculum group is known from Africa. Biology The flight period extends from May to July. Only two males were collected, as compared to 36 females. Distribution ( Figure 6) North-western Africa. The species is found in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia., Published as part of Kasparek, Max, Wood, Thomas, Ferreira, Sónia & Benarfa, Noudjoud, 2023, Taxonomic status of the disjunct populations of the resin bee Anthidiellum breviusculum (Pérez, 1890) s. l. in the Mediterranean (Apoidea: Anthidiini), pp. 2047-2063 in Journal of Natural History 56 (45 - 48) on pages 2049-2054, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2152749, http://zenodo.org/record/7615290, {"references":["Warncke K. 1980. Die Bienengattung Anthidium Fabricius, 1804 in der Westpalaarktis und im turkestanischen Becken. Entomofauna. 1: 119 - 209."]}

The little-known bee genusBathanthidiumMavromoustakis, 1953 of the family Megachilidae is reported for the first time from Vietnam. A new species,Bathanthidium(Bathanthidium s. str.) paco Tran & Nguyen,sp. nov.from Hoa Binh province is described and illustrated. A nest of the new species is reported from a wooden house. An updated identification key to all known species of the subgenus Bathanthidium s. str. is also provided.

The paper presents the first record ofLithurgus cornutus(Fabricius, 1787) in Poland. Until recently, bees of the genusLithurgushave not been recorded in Poland. Five females and one male ofL. cornutuswere caught in Lublin Region, SE Poland. The localities are beyond the range of this species, being the northernmost known records from Central Europe. The following information is provided: short diagnosis, ecology, distribution, recent records and threat status ofL. cornutusin Central Europe.

Wild and managed bee populations are in decline, and one of many environmental causes is the impact of pesticides on developing bees. For solitary bees, delayed larval development could lead to asynchronous adult emergence, unhealthy and inefficient adult pollinators, and decreased brood production and survival. We examined a methodology for testing Osmia lignaria Say (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) larval responses to pesticide exposure using a laboratory bioassay. We created two provision types: a homogenized blend of O. lignaria provisions from an apple orchard and homogenized almond pollen pellets collected by honey bees plus sugar water. Pesticides were administered to the provisions to compare toxic effects. We recorded larval developmental durations for second–fifth instar and for fifth instar to cocoon initiation for larvae fed provisions treated with water (control) or doses of three pesticides and a representative spray-tank mixture (acetamiprid, boscalid/pyraclostrobin, dimethoate, and acetamiprid plus boscalid/pyraclostrobin). All larvae survived to cocoon initiation when only water was added to provisions. Impacts of pesticide treatments significantly differed between the apple and almond homogenates. The greatest treatment effects occurred when the homogenized almond provision was mixed with acetamiprid alone and when combined with boscalid/pyraclostrobin. Optimizing bioassays through the use of appropriate larval food for exposing solitary bee larvae to agrochemicals is crucial for assessing risks for pollinators.

The name Rhodanthidium caturigense (s.l.) combines several similar taxa which have been described on the level of form, subspecies or species and which occur in an area which extends from Iran in the south-east, across the Alps in the north and to the Iberian Peninsula in the west. A detailed quantitative assessment of 17 parameters describing the colour pattern reveals that it follows a smooth geographical cline, with rich yellow coloration in the south being gradually replaced by more melanic colorations in the north. The correlation between geographic latitude and colour scores follows a linear pattern and is highly significant in both sexes (p 0.05), the males are on average 9.7% larger than the females in the northernmost populations (p

The Palaearctic complex of anthidiine bees closely related to Pseudoanthidium scapulare has long been a source of unresolved taxonomic and systematic issues. Until now, the number of species in the complex and their geographical distributions were largely unclear, thus complicating the compilation of accurate species checklists and hindering conservation efforts. In order to address these issues, we use morphology and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences, combined with a thorough examination of the relevant literature and type material, to delimit species within this complex, assign names to species and clarify geographical ranges. An unexpected result was that a certain number of morphologically distinct taxa exhibited low levels of genetic divergence at the COI locus, resulting in species paraphyly. A set of ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) was also sequenced in order to further investigate relationships among these taxa. One morphologically distinct species was also paraphyletic using UCE data, hinting at recent species divergences and genetic exchange at zones of contact between morphologically well-differentiated taxa. The results of our study reveal the presence of ten species in this complex, including a previously overlooked species for western continental Europe. A complete diagnosis of the males and females of these species is provided, as are maps detailing the geographic distributions of each. An illustrated identification key to the males and females of each species is presented. Two new species are described, Pseudoanthidium kaspareki sp. nov. and P. rozeni sp. nov. New synonymy is established for several species and Pseudoanthidium palestinicum and P. tropicum are raised to species level. The new combination, Icteranthidium floripetum comb. nov. is also established. Lectotypes are designated for the following species: Anthidium eversmanni, A. floripetum, A. frontale, A. karakalense, A. nanum and A. reptans. Previously unpublished lectotype designations are published here for A. sinuatum and A. tenellum.

The subgenus Anthidium (Gulanthidium) is a species-poor group of similar species, which is distributed across the West Palaearctic, from Morocco in the west to central Asia in the east. Due to some incorrect species determinations in the literature, the taxonomic situation remains to be fully understood. The situation is reviewed with reference to a rich, still unpublished resource of material from throughout the range. Anthidium flavissimum sp. nov. is described from Afghanistan, A. preoccipitale sp. nov. from Iran, and A. occidentale sp. nov. from Morocco, based on a combination of colour, structural traits, genital morphology, and morphometry. The subgenus as treated here now comprises six species for which a key is presented. Some of the species are sympatric. Species of the subgenus Gulanthidium are very close to A. (Proanthidium) and it should be further examined as to whether these two subgenera should be better combined in a single subgenus.

Hoplitis (Tkalcua) sidiifnii spec. nov. Holotype. MOROCCO: Guelmim-Oued Noun: Foum Assaka, 35 km SW Sidi Ifni, 29°08ʹ22ʹʹN/10°24ʹ38ʹʹW, 0 m, 19.4.2017, ♀ (leg. A. Müller). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich. Paratypes. MOROCCO: Guelmim-Oued Noun: Foum Assaka, 35km SW Sidi Ifni, 29°08ʹ22ʹʹN/10°24ʹ38ʹʹW, 0m, 19.4.2017, 10♀, 13♂ (leg. A. Müller). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich. Diagnosis. The 6–6.5 mm long female of H. sidiifnii differs from the other two western Palaearctic Hoplitis species of the subgenus Tkalcua (see Müller & Mauss 2016) by the colour of the mandibles, which are predominantly orange (Fig. 51), and by the median incision at the apical margin of the clypeus, which is more or less triangular in shape and shallow (Fig. 51). In H. zandeni (Teunissen & van Achterberg), the mandibles are completely black and the clypeal incision is inconspicuous or lacking. In H. paralias (Mavromoustakis), the mandibles are medially black and basally and preapically orange and the clypeal incision is semicircular in shape and as deep as the width of the antennal flagellum. The 5.5–6.5 mm long male of H. sidiifnii differs from H. zandeni by the partly orange rather than black antennae and mandibles (Fig. 53) and by the yellowish-brown and apically narrowed rather than blackish and apically rounded gonoforceps (Fig. 52). Characters differentiating it from H. paralias are the almost straight apex of the inner hind tibial spur (Fig. 54; strongly bent in H. paralias), the apically narrowed and ventrally densely haired gonoforceps (Fig. 52; apically slightly tapering and ventrally sparsely haired in H. paralias) and the apically widened penis valve (Fig. 52; parallel-sided in H. paralias). Description. FEMALE (Fig. 49): Body length 6–6.5 mm. Head: Head about 0.9x as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin 2.0–2.1x as long as ocellar diameter. Maximum width of genal area 0.8–0.9x as long as maximum width of compound eye. Mandible four-toothed and orange except for dark base and black apical teeth. Clypeus strongly convex, polished and densely punctured except for narrow longitudinal median zone, which is impunctate and sometimes slightly impressed (Fig. 51); its apical margin with median incision, which is shallow and of more or less triangular shape (Fig. 51). Punctation of clypeus distinctly coarser than of supraclypeal area. Face covered with white pilosity, which is sparse on clypeus and rather dense on frons, paraocular and supraclypeal area. Gena with appressed white hairs. Proboscis short, when folded only slightly exceeding proboscidial fossa and not reaching coxae of fore legs; second segment of labial palpus about 0.55x as long as compound eye and about 1.6x as long as first segment. Antennal segments 1–3 black, 4–11 more or less yellowish on anterior side and segment 12 predominantly dark; segment 3 about 1.7x as long as segment 4, which is shorter than wide, segments 5–11 about as long as wide and segment 12 about 1.8x as long as wide. Mesosoma: Parapsidal line linear. Punctation of scutum, scutellum and mesepisternum dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of one puncture. Basal area of propodeum polished except for narrow transversal zone at its base, which is distinctly shagreened. Pilosity of mesosoma whitish, of scutellum yellowish in fresh specimens, along margins of scutum short and dense. Tegula orange except for black inner margin. Stigma yellowish-brown with dark brown margins. Tibial spur of fore leg obtuse, without projecting tip. Tibial spurs of hind leg yellowish and apically distinctly curved. Metasoma: Punctation of terga dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of one puncture. Marginal zones of terga 1–5 yellowish, more densely and finer punctured than discs and covered with uninterrupted and dense white hair bands. Tergum 6 covered with sparse appressed white pilosity. Scopa whitish. MALE (Fig. 50): Body length 5.5–6.5 mm. Head: Head about 0.85x as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin 1.5–1.6x as long as ocellar diameter. Maximum width of genal area 0.6–0.7x as long as maximum width of compound eye. Mandible two-toothed and orange except for dark base and black apical teeth (Fig. 53). Apical margin of clypeus shortly dentate. Face covered with very dense white pilosity, which surpasses clypeal margin (Fig. 53). Gena with appressed white hairs. Proboscis short, when folded only slightly exceeding proboscidial fossa and not reaching coxae of fore legs; second segment of labial palpus about 0.55x as long as compound eye and 1.6–1.7x as long as first segment. Antennal segments 1–2 black, 3–12 more or less yellowish on anterior side and segment 13 predominantly dark; segment 3 about 0.9x as long as segment 4, which is as long as wide as segment 5, segments 6–12 slightly longer than wide and segment 13 about 1.75x as long as wide. Mesosoma: Parapsidal line linear. Punctation of scutum, scutellum and mesepisternum dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of one to one and a half punctures. Basal area of propodeum polished except for narrow transversal zone at its base, which is distinctly shagreened. Pilosity of mesosoma whitish, along margins of scutum short and dense. Tegula orange except for black inner margin. Stigma yellowish-brown with dark brown margins. Tibial spur of fore leg apically obtuse, without projecting tip. Tibial spurs of hind leg yellowish and almost straight (Fig. 54). Metasoma: Punctation of terga dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of one to one and a half punctures. Marginal zones of terga 1–5 yellowish, more densely and finer punctured than discs and covered with uninterrupted and dense white hair bands. Tergum 6 covered with sparse appressed white pilosity, its apical margin medially straight to very shallowly emarginate and laterally with short tooth (Fig. 52). Tergum 7 completely hidden under tergum 6 (Fig. 52). Apical margins of sterna 1–3 straight and densely ciliated with whitish hairs. Apical margin of sternum 4 shallowly emarginate and with median tuft of whitish hairs. Apical margin of sternum 5 triangularly projecting and sparsely ciliated with yellowish hairs. Sternum 6 with two roundish lateral tubercles separated by deep semicircular impression; its apical margin emarginate and beset with dense yellowish hair band; its base with pair of translucent flaps. Gonoforceps predominantly yellowish-brown, apically narrowed and ventrally densely haired (Fig. 52). Penis valve apically slightly widened (Fig. 52). Distribution. Known so far only from the type locality at the Atlantic coast south of Sidi Ifni in the GuelmimOued Noun region in southern Morocco. Pollen hosts. Polylectic (Tab. 1); pollen hosts include Lotus and other Fabaceae (Fig. 56), Heliotropium (Boraginaceae) as well as Frankenia (Frankeniaceae), which was exploited by pollen-collecting females at the type locality. The brood cell provisions of one cell consisted of pollen of Heliotropium (90%) and Lotus (10%). Nesting biology. The species nests in empty snail shells as revealed by the discovery of three nests from the preceding year built in shells of Theba subdentata meridionalis (Sacchi), which had a diameter of 13–14 mm. The nests contained 2–3 brood cells, which were separated from each other by partitions consisting of chewed leaves mixed with numerous sand grains. In one case, a female collected nest building material on leaves of Heliotropium. The nest plug was constructed 1/3 to 1/2 whorls behind the shell opening and was not visible from the outside. The shell surface was not plastered with patches of leaf pulp. These findings indicate that the nest architecture of H. sidiifnii exactly corresponds to that of the closely related H. zandeni from the Canary Islands (Müller & Mauss 2016). Male behaviour. Males patrolled flowers of Lotus and Heliotropium in search of females and regularly interrupted their flights by short resting periods on the ground. They slept singly or in pairs within empty snail shells. Etymology. The species epithet refers to Sidi Ifni, a coastal town in southern Morocco close to the type locality., Published as part of Müller, Andreas, 2022, New Moroccan bee species of the tribe Osmiini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae), pp. 233-263 in Zootaxa 5188 (3) on pages 255-256, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7091557, {"references":["Muller, A. & Mauss, V. (2016) Palaearctic Hoplitis bees of the subgenera Formicapis and Tkalcua (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa, 4127 (1), 105 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4127.1.5"]}

Hoplitis (Anthocopa) convolvuli spec. nov. Holotype. MOROCCO: Drâa-Tafilalet: Tizi-n-Bachkoum, 10 km N Tazenakht, 1600 m, ♀, 23.4.2008 (leg. A. Müller, C. Sedivy). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich. Paratypes. MOROCCO: Drâa-Tafilalet: Ksar-es-Souk, 2.4.1980, 1♂ (leg. K. Warncke); Ait Saoun, 10 km W Agdz, 6.4.1980, 1♀ (leg. K. Warncke); 10 km N Erfoud, 10.4.1995, 6♀, 1♂ (leg. M. Halada); 20 km SE Quarzazate, 30°47ʹN/6°43ʹW, 10.4.1996, 1♂ (leg. J. Gusenleitner); Imi-n’Kem, 50 km E Agdz, 30°52ʹN/5°58ʹW, 15.4.1996, 1♀, 1♂ (leg. M. Schwarz); Dra valley, near Agdz, 900 m, 4.3.2006, 2♂ (leg. A. Müller); Tizi-n-Bachkoum, 10 km N Tazenakht, 1600 m, 2♀, 5♂, 23.4.2008 (leg. A. Müller, M. Herrmann, C. Sedivy); Ait Saoun, 30.77014N / 6.68700W, 7.4.2013, 1♂ (leg. N.Vereecken). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich, the Oberösterreichisches Landesmuseum Linz and the private collection of M. Schwarz (Ansfelden). Diagnosis. The 7–8 mm long female of H. convolvuli is characterized by the serrate apical margin of the black clypeus (Fig. 7) in combination with the reddish marginal zones of terga 1–5. Among the other 27 Hoplitis species of the subgenus Anthocopa recorded in Morocco, a distinctly serrate clypeus only occurs in H. batyamae (Zanden), H. cristatula (Zanden), H. grumi (Morawitz), H. rugidorsis (Pérez), H. saundersi (Vachal) and H. zaianorum (Benoist). In these species, however, the marginal tergal zones are black except for H. batyamae. The latter species differs from H. convolvuli by the predominantly yellow to orange mandibles, mid and hind femora, which are all predominantly black in H. convolvuli. The 7–8 mm long male of H. convolvuli can be recognized by the shape of tergum 7 ending in two lobes, which are about as long as wide and separated by an interspace not wider than the lobal width (Fig. 8), the long penis valves distinctly projecting over the apex of the gonoforcipes (Fig. 9) and the more or less reddish marginal zones of terga 1–5. This combination of characters is unique among the Moroccan H. (Anthocopa) species. Description. FEMALE (Fig. 5): Body length 7–8 mm. Head: Head about 0.85x as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin 1.5–1.65x as long as ocellar diameter. Maximum width of genal area 1.1–1.2x as long as maximum width of compound eye. Mandible four-toothed (basalmost tooth very small) and of black colour except for narrow reddish preapical zone. Clypeus medially slightly bulged and very densely punctured with only linear interspaces; its apical margin polished and medially beset with 5–7 short teeth of triangular shape, between which narrow tufts of rather long yellowish bristles arise (Fig. 7). Head with long whitish to yellowish pilosity, which is (sub)erect on vertex, frons, supraclypeal area and clypeus and more or less appressed on paraocular area and gena. Ventral side of mandible and gena beset with long, curved and whitish to yellowish bristles forming a basket on underside of head; similar bristles also arise from dorsal side of mandible. Proboscis of medium length, when folded reaching posterior margin of coxa of fore leg; second segment of labial palpus about 1.05x as long as compound eye and 2.7–2.8x as long as first segment. Antenna black to dark brown; antennal segment 3 slightly longer than wide, segments 4–11 shorter than wide and segment 12 about 1.5x as long as wide. Mesosoma: Parapsidal line linear. Punctation of scutum, scutellum and mesepisternum very dense with usually only linear interspaces. Basal area of propodeum polished except for basal half, which is distinctly shagreened. Pilosity of mesosoma laterally whitish and dorsally yellowish. Tegula orange except for black inner margin and rather densely punctured over its entire surface. Stigma and veins of fore wing predominantly dark brown. Median third of fore wing yellowish. Tibial spur of fore leg apically prolonged into long tip, which is 2–3x as long as basally wide. Tibial spurs of hind leg yellowish, long and straight. Metasoma: Punctation of tergal discs basally and laterally rather dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of one and a half punctures and medially more scattered with interspaces reaching diameter of up to three, rarely more punctures. Marginal zones of terga 1–5 reddish, distinctly finer and more densely punctured than discs and covered with uninterrupted white hair bands. Terga 2–3 basally constricted. Scopa white and plumose. MALE (Fig. 6): Body length 7–8 mm. Head: Head about 0.75x as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin 1.7–1.8x as long as ocellar diameter. Maximum width of genal area about 0.95x as long as maximum width of compound eye. Mandible three-toothed and predominantly black. Apical margin of clypeus medially serrate. Face and ventral side of gena covered with dense white pilosity, which surpasses clypeal margin. Proboscis of medium length, when folded reaching posterior margin of coxa of fore leg; second segment of labial palpus about 1.05x as long as compound eye and 2.6–2.7x as long as first segment. Antenna black to dark brown; antennal segments 3–12 of similar length and slightly longer than wide to as long as wide; segment 13 about 1.5x as long as wide. Mesosoma: Parapsidal line linear. Punctation of scutum, scutellum and mesepisternum very dense with only linear interspaces. Basal area of propodeum polished except for basal half, which is distinctly shagreened. Pilosity of mesosoma laterally whitish and dorsally yellowish. Tegula orange except for black inner margin and usually rather densely punctured over entire surface. Stigma and veins of fore wing predominantly dark brown. Median third of fore wing yellowish. Tibial spur of fore leg apically prolonged into long tip, which is 2–3x as long as basally wide. Tibial spurs of hind leg yellowish, long and straight. Metasoma: Punctation of tergal discs rather dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of one and a half punctures except medially, where the interspaces may reach diameter of two to three punctures. Marginal zones of terga 1–5 reddish, finer and more densely punctured than discs and covered with white hair bands, which are longer, sparser and interrupted on tergum 1 and shorter, denser and continuous on terga 2–5. Terga 2–3 basally constricted. Apical margin of tergum 6 reddish, medially evenly rounded to slightly emarginate and laterally with short tooth (Fig. 8). Tergum 7 with two lobes, which are about as long as wide and separated by interspace not wider than lobal width (Fig. 8). Apical margins of sterna 1–2 straight. Apical margin of sternum 3 shallowly emarginate and sparsely beset with long and rather straight whitish hairs. Apical margins of sterna 4–5 widely emarginate and densely beset with long yellowish and inwardly directed hairs, which are twice as long on sternum 4 than on sternum 5. Sternum 6 apically rounded and medioapically with shallow oval impression, its base with pair of translucent flaps. Apical third of gonoforceps laterally flattened and apically slightly widened towards truncate apex. Penis valve roughly parallel-sided over entire length, medially slightly narrower than both basally and apically and distinctly projecting over apex of gonoforceps (Fig. 9). Distribution. Drâa-Tafilalet region in southern Morocco. Pollen hosts. Three pollen samples from two different localities exclusively contained pollen of Convolvulaceae (Tab. 1), suggesting a distinct or possibly even exclusive preference for this plant family. In fact, flowers of Convolvulus trabutianus were visited by females and patrolled by males of H. convolvuli near the Tizi-n-Bachkoum pass in spring 2008. Nesting biology. Unknown. Etymology. The species epithet refers to the flowers of Convolvulus visited by this species., Published as part of Müller, Andreas, 2022, New Moroccan bee species of the tribe Osmiini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae), pp. 233-263 in Zootaxa 5188 (3) on pages 236-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7091557

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) prosii spec. nov. Holotype. MOROCCO: Drâa-Tafilalet: Dra valley, near Agdz, 900 m, 4.3.2006, ♂ (leg. A. Müller). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich. Paratypes. MOROCCO: Marrakesh-Safi: Talmest, 10.5.1995, 1♀ (leg. M. Halada); Drâa-Tafilalet: 20 km SE Quarzazate, 30°47ʹN/6°43ʹW, 10.4.1996, 1♀ (leg. M. Schwarz); Tizi-n-Fedrhate, 60 km NE Quarzazate, 31°06ʹN/6°40ʹW, 1370 m, 11.4.1996, 2♀ (leg. J. Gusenleitner, M. Schwarz); Tizi-n-Tinififft, 25 km NW Agdz, 30°44ʹN/6°37ʹW, 1660 m, 12.4.1996, 1♀, 1♂ (leg. M. Schwarz); Foum Anagame, 40 km SE Zagora, 30°06ʹN/5°40ʹW, 1000 m, 13.4.1996, 2♀, 2♂ (leg. J. Gusenleitner, M. Schwarz); Quaouzagour, 30 km E Agdz, 30°41ʹN/6°08ʹW, 14.4.1996, 1♀, 1♂ (leg. J. Gusenleitner, M. Schwarz); 10 km N Tazenakht, 30°39ʹN/7°17ʹW, 16.4.1996, 2♀ (leg. J. Gusenleitner); 30 km N Zagora, 15.5.1997, 1♀ (leg. M. Halada); Dra valley, near Agdz, 900 m, 4.3.2006, 3♂ (leg. A. Müller); 10 km E Agdz, 1000 m, 20.4.2008, 2♀ (leg. A. Müller, C. Sedivy, M. Herrmann); Agdz, 700 m, 20.4.2008, 1♀, 1♂ (leg. F. Amiet); Tamegroute, 20 km SE Zagora, 950 m, 21.4.2008, 1♀ (leg. M. Herrmann); 40 km NW Zagora, 1000 m, 21.4.2008, 3♀, 1♂ (leg. A. Müller, C. Sedivy); N Tazenakht, 1500 m, 23.4.2008, 1♀ (leg. F. Amiet); Souss-Massa: 70 km E Tata, 29.3.1986, 2♀, 1♂ (leg. M. Schwarz); 50 km N Foum Zguid, 31.3.1986, 1♀ (leg. M. Schwarz); Tissint, 70 km E Tata, 28.4.1995, 1♀ (leg. M. Halada); 10 km SE Ait Baha, 30°02ʹN/9°05ʹW, 18.4.1996, 1♀ (leg. M. Schwarz); 30 km SWW Tata, Imitek, 29.656N / 8.260W, 13.4.2015, 1♀ (leg. C. SchmidEgger); Guelmim-Oued Noun: 2.75 km SW Ifrane Atlas Saghir, 29°12ʹ09ʹʹN/9°30ʹ19ʹʹW, 740 m, 17.4.2017, 5♀, 1♂ (leg. A. Müller). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich and the private collections of C. Schmid-Egger (Berlin) and M. Schwarz (Ansfelden). Additional records. MOROCCO: Drâa-Tafilalet: Zagora, 30°23.6’N / 5°51.3’W, 9.3.1992, 1♀ (leg. H. Flügel); 30 km N Zagora, 15.5.1997, 30°41’N / 6°08’W, 1♀ (leg. M. Halada); Agdz, 13.5.2003, 2♀ (leg. M. Halada); SoussMassa: 20 km N Foum-Zguid, 29.4.1991, 1♀ (leg. M. Halada); 14 km NW Icht, 11.4.2015, 1♀ (leg. C. SchmidEgger); Imitek, 30 km SWW Tata, 13.4.2015, 1♀ (leg. C. Schmid-Egger); Guelmim-Oued Noun: 10 km E Guelmim, 5.5.1995, 1♀ (leg. M. Halada). Literature records. This species was attributed to Hoplitis brunnescens (Benoist) by Warncke (1992), who included it in a key to the western mediterranean representatives of the Hoplitis adunca species group. However, the examination of the female holotype revealed that H. brunnescens belongs to the subgenus Stenosmia rather than Hoplitis, rendering a formal description necessary. Warncke (1992) lists the following records: MOROCCO: DrâaTafilalet: 30km W Quarzazate; Ait Saoun, 10km N Agdz; 30km NW Agdz; 20km SE Erfoud; Souss-Massa: 10km SW Akka; 50km S Akka; 30-60km N Foum-Zguid; 20km N Agadir; Guelmim-Oued Noun: N Tagmout. Diagnosis. Among the North African representatives of the Hoplitis adunca species group, H. prosii is easily recognizable in both sexes by the relatively short second segment of the labial palpus, which is only 1.05–1.15x as long as the first segment (Fig. 41), and by the orange coloured marginal zones of the terga 1–5 (Fig. 40). Additional characters of the 6.5–8.5 mm long female are the dense punctation of the clypeus medially lacking a distinct impunctate longitudinal line, the partly orange coloured antennal segments (5)6-11(12) and the shape of sternum 6, which is lateroapically carinate and medioapically prolonged into a longer or shorter spine, a character, however, that is less obvious in small individuals. Additional characters of the 7–8.5 mm long male are the partly orange coloured antennal segments (3)4–12(13), the V-shaped membraneous appendage of sternum 6 consisting of two slender and strongly diverging lobes (Fig. 42) and the form of the gonoforceps, which is apically narrowed and bent downwards (Fig. 43). Description. FEMALE (Fig. 38): Body length 6.5–8.5 mm. Head: Head about 0.85x as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin 1.65–1.8x as long as ocellar diameter. Maximum width of genal area 0.65–7x as long as maximum width of compound eye. Mandible three-toothed and of black colour except sometimes for dark reddish-brown apical teeth. Clypeus medially bulged, very densely punctured with usually only linear interspaces except sometimes for very small impunctate zone at its base and lacking distinct impunctate longitudinal line; apical margin of clypeus with 7–9 teeth. Punctation of supraclypeal area in size and density similar to that of clypeus. Pilosity of frons, supraclypeal area, paraocular area and gena whitish, rather long, moderately dense and erect to suberect, of clypeus distinctly sparser and shorter except for its apical margin, which is beset with long yellowish-white hairs distinctly surpassing clypeal margin. Proboscis of medium length; second segment of labial palpus about 0.65x as long as compound eye and 1.05–1.15x as long as first segment (Fig. 41). Antennal segments (5)6-11(12) more or less orange coloured on anterior side; antennal segment 3 1.8–1.9x long as wide and about 2x as long as segment 4, segments 4–11 shorter than wide and segment 12 about 1.4x as long as wide. Mesosoma: Parapsidal line linear. Punctation of scutum, scutellum and mesepisternum very dense with interspaces usually not exceeding diameter of half a puncture. Basal area of propodeum shagreened. Pilosity of mesosoma laterally whitish and dorsally yellowish-white. Tegula yellowish except for black inner and anterior margin; its anterior half and inner margin rather densely punctured, its posterior half usually almost impunctate. Stigma and veins of fore wing dark brown to black. Tibial spur of fore leg apically extended into a moderately long tip, which is 1–1.5x as long as basally wide. Tibial spurs of hind leg yellowish and almost straight; inner spur about 0.45x as long as maximum inner length of tibia of hind leg. Pilosity of inner surface of basitarsus of hind leg yellowishwhite. Metasoma: Punctation of tergal discs 1–5 basally and laterally rather dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of one puncture and medially more scattered with interspaces reaching diameter of up to two or three punctures. Punctation of tergum 6 very dense with usually only linear interspaces. Marginal zones of terga 1–5 distinctly yellowish to orange, finer and more densely punctured than discs and covered with short white hair bands, which are medially interrupted in older specimens (Fig. 40). Longest hairs on median half of tergum 1 almost as long as maximal length of lateral hair tuft. Terga 5–6 covered with appressed, short and moderately dense whitish pilosity. Sternum 6 medioapically prolonged into longer or shorter spine; its apical margin with well-developed submarginal carina, which is medially widely interrupted; in small specimen, the apical spine is often very short and the submarginal carina low. Scopa whitish. MALE (Fig. 39): Body length 7–8.5 mm. Head: Head about 0.8x as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin about 1.6x as long as ocellar diameter. Maximum width of genal area 0.55–0.6x as long as maximum width of compound eye. Mandible two-toothed and of black colour except sometimes for dark reddish-brown apical teeth. Apical margin of clypeus denticulate. Face and gena including ventral side covered with long, dense and erect to suberect whitish pilosity, which surpasses clypeal margin. Proboscis of medium length; second segment of labial palpus 0.55–0.6x as long as compound eye and 1.05–1.15x as long as first segment. Antennal segments (3)4–12(13) more or less orange coloured, particularly on their lower half; antennal segment 3 about as long as wide and about 1.1x as long as segment 4, segments 4–11 shorter than wide, segment 12 about as long as wide and segment 13 almost 2x as long as wide. Mesosoma: Parapsidal line linear. Punctation of scutum, scutellum and mesepisternum very dense with interspaces usually not exceeding diameter of half a puncture. Basal area of propodeum shagreened. Pilosity of mesosoma laterally whitish and dorsally yellowish-white. Tegula yellowish except for black inner and anterior margin; its anterior half and inner margin rather densely punctured, its posterior half almost impunctate. Stigma and veins of fore wing brown to black. Tibial spur of fore leg apically extended into moderately long tip, which is 1–2x as long as basally wide. Tibial spurs of hind leg yellowish and almost straight; inner spur 0.3–0.35x as long as maximum inner length of tibia of hind leg. Metasoma: Punctation of tergal discs 1–5 basally and laterally rather dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of one puncture and medially more scattered with interspaces reaching diameter of up to two or three punctures. Marginal zones of terga 1–5 distinctly yellowish to orange, finer and more densely punctured than discs and covered with short white hair bands, which are medially interrupted in older specimens. Tergum 6 more coarsely punctured than preceding terga, its apical margin irregularly crenulated to dentated, medially emarginate and laterally with distinct tooth. Tergum 7 apically evenly rounded, its lateral margin ventromedially with small angular projection. Apical margins of sterna 1–4 almost straight und beset with long and sparse whitish pilosity. Sterna 2–4 with sparsely punctured transversal swellings, which are medially more or less divided by longitudinal groove. Sternum 5 very sparsely punctured to almost impuncate on disc and more densely and finer punctured along its marginal zone; its apical margin medially very shallowly emarginate (Fig. 42). Sternum 6 at base with pair of large translucent flaps. Membraneous appendage of sternum 6 V-shaped, its lateral lobes slender, distinctly wider than long and separated from each other by angle of 90–100 (Fig. 42). Gonoforceps in apical third abruptly narrowed and strongly bent inwards and downwards, its apex obtuse and beset with very short and dense tuft of white hairs (Fig. 43). Penis valve dorsoventrally flattened and much wider than gonoforceps, its rounded outer margin with long whitish bristles and ending in sharp apex, which barely reaches apex of gonoforceps (Fig. 43). Distribution. Southern Morocco from the Marrakesh-Safi region and the Drâa-Tafilalet region in the north over the Souss-Massa region to the Guelmim-Oued Noun region in the south. Pollen hosts. Mesolectic on Trichodesma and Echium (Boraginaceae), Antirrhineae (Plantaginaceae) and Loteae (Fabaceae) (Sedivy et al., 2013, as Hoplitis brunnescens). Nesting biology. A female was observed in southern Morocco in spring 2017 searching the surface of a rock outcropping for a suitable nesting site suggesting that the species nests in holes, fissures or surface irregularities of rock and stones. Etymology. The species is dedicated to the German bee expert Rainer Prosi, who participated in two excursions to southern Morocco, where “his” species was found., Published as part of Müller, Andreas, 2022, New Moroccan bee species of the tribe Osmiini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae), pp. 233-263 in Zootaxa 5188 (3) on pages 249-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7091557, {"references":["Warncke, K. (1992) Die westmediterranen Arten der Bienen Osmia subg. Hoplitis Klug, 1807. Linzer biologische Beitrage, 24, 103 - 121."]}

Hoplitis (Anthocopa) sedivyi spec. nov. Holotype. MOROCCO: Drâa-Tafilalet: Dra valley, near Agdz, 4.3.2006, ♂ (leg. A. Müller, M. Widmer). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich. Paratypes. MOROCCO: Drâa-Tafilalet: 20 km NE Agdz, 5.4.1980, 1♀ (leg. K. Warncke); Tizi-n-Tinififft, 25km NW Agdz, 30°44ʹN/6°37ʹW, 1660m, 12.4.1996, 1♂ (leg. M. Schwarz); Dra valley, near Agdz, 4.3.2006, 1♂ (leg. A. Müller, M. Widmer); Tizi-n-Bachkoum, 10 km N Tazenakht, 1600m, 23.4.2008, 1♀ (leg. M. Herrmann); Souss-Massa: Tafraoute to Ait Baha, 800–1500 m, 20.4.2009, 1♀ (leg. A. Müller); Guelmim-Oued Noun: 2.75 km SW Ifrane Atlas Saghir, 29°12ʹ09ʹʹN/9°30ʹ19ʹʹW, 740m, 17.4.2017, 5♀ (leg. A. Müller). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich and the Oberösterreichisches Landesmuseum Linz. Diagnosis. The 6.5–8 mm long female of H. sedivyi is characterized by the shape of the apical margin of the clypeus, which is medially prolonged into a short, regularly rounded, flat, sharp and polished projection lacking a median impression (Fig. 17). Among the Moroccan H. (Anthocopa) species with a similar clypeal shape, H. sedivyi differs from the very similar H. widmeri spec. nov. (see below) by the prolonged rather than very short apex of the tibial spur of the fore leg (Fig. 18) and the distinct rather than strongly blurred punctation of the supraclypeal area, from H. prazi spec. nov. (see above) by the black rather than orange mandibles, from H. lamina (Pérez) by the white rather than brownish scopa and from H. bubulca (Zanden) and H. ilamana (Zanden) by the smaller size (6.5–8 mm versus 7.5–10 mm) and the shorter second segment of the labial palpus (2.5x versus 3x as long as the first segment). The 7–9 mm long male of H. sedivyi is characterized by the following combination of characters: i) tergum 7 with two widely spaced, narrow, more or less parallel-sided and completely black teeth, which are about 2x as long as wide (Fig. 19); ii) apical margin of sternum 5 emarginate and ciliated with very short yellowish-white hairs (Fig. 19), which are medially about half as long as the maximum length of tarsal segment 4 of hind leg; iii) apical margin of sternum 4 emarginate and beset with dense fringe of long and inwardly directed yellowish hairs, which are about 3x as long as the dense, whitish and more or less straight pilosity at the apical margin of sternum 3 (Fig. 19); iv) second segment of labial palpus about 2.5x as long as first segment. Description. FEMALE (Fig. 15): Body length 6.5–8 mm. Head: Head about 0.85x as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin 1.65–1.8x as long as ocellar diameter. Maximum width of genal area about 0.85x as long as maximum width of compound eye. Mandible three-toothed (basalmost tooth occasionally slightly emarginate suggestive of an additional tooth) and of black colour except for narrow dark reddish-brown preapical zone. Clypeus medially bulged and very densely punctured with usually only linear interspaces except sometimes for very small impunctate zone at its base; its apical margin polished and mostly impunctate, black and medially prolonged into short, regularly rounded, flat, sharp and polished projection lacking median impression (Fig. 17). Supraclypeal area with distinct albeit dense punctation and small polished interspaces. Face and gena with whitish pilosity, which is suberect and rather sparse on frons and clypeus and appressed and rather dense on paraocular area and gena. Ventral side of mandible and gena beset with long, curved and whitish to yellowish bristles forming basket on underside of head; similar bristles also arise from dorsal side of mandible. Proboscis of medium length, when folded reaching slightly beyond posterior margin of coxae of fore legs; second segment of labial palpus about as long as compound eye and 2.4–2.5x as long as first segment.Antenna black; antennal segment 3 about 1.4x long as wide and about 1.75x as long as segment 4, segments 4–11 shorter than wide and segment 12 about 1.5x as long as wide. Mesosoma: Parapsidal line linear. Punctation of scutum, scutellum and mesepisternum very dense with usually only linear interspaces except for median part of scutellum, where interspaces may reach diameter of one puncture. Basal area of propodeum polished except for basal half, which is distinctly shagreened. Pilosity of mesosoma laterally whitish and dorsally yellowish white. Tegula brown to light brown except for black inner and anterior margin; its surface rather densely punctured except for central part, where punctation is usually more scattered. Stigma and veins of fore wing dark brown to black. Tibial spur of fore leg apically prolonged into long tip, which is 2–3x as long as basally wide (Fig. 18). Tibial spurs of hind leg yellowish to brown, long and straight. Metasoma: Punctation of tergal discs basally and laterally rather dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of one puncture and medially usually more scattered with interspaces reaching diameter of two, rarely three punctures. Marginal zones of terga 1–5 finer and more densely punctured than discs and covered with short, uninterrupted and dense white hair bands. Terga 2–3 basally constricted. Tergum 6 with sparse appressed white pilosity. Scopa white and plumose. MALE (Fig. 16): Body length 7–9 mm. Head: Head about 0.75x as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin 1.6–1.7x as long as ocellar diameter. Maximum width of genal area about 0.75x as long as maximum width of compound eye. Mandible three-toothed and of black colour except for narrow dark reddish-brown preapical zone. Apical margin of clypeus medially serrate. Face and gena including ventral side covered with rather long whitish pilosity, which surpasses clypeal margin. Proboscis of medium length, when folded reaching slightly beyond posterior margin of coxae of fore legs; second segment of labial palpus about as long as compound eye and about 2.5x as long as first segment. Antenna black to dark brown; antennal segment 3 about 1.1x as long as wide and 1.2x as long as segment 4, segments 4–12 slightly shorter than wide to about as long as wide and segment 13 about 1.5x as long as wide. Mesosoma: Parapsidal line linear. Punctation of scutum, scutellum and mesepisternum very dense with usually only linear interspaces except for median part of scutellum, where interspaces may reach diameter of one to two punctures. Basal area of propodeum polished except for basal half, which is distinctly shagreened. Pilosity of mesosoma laterally whitish and dorsally yellowish white. Tegula brown to light brown except for black inner and anterior margin; its surface rather densely punctured except for central part, where punctation is more scattered. Stigma and veins of fore wing dark brown to black. Tibial spur of fore leg apically prolonged into long tip, which is about 2x as long as wide. Tibial spurs of hind leg light brown to brown, long and more or less straight. Metasoma: Punctation of tergal discs rather dense with interspaces reaching diameter of one to two punctures. Marginal zones of terga 1–5 finer and more densely punctured than discs and covered with short, uninterrupted and dense white hair bands. Terga 2–3 basally constricted. Tergum 6 sparsely covered with appressed whitish pilosity, its apical margin dark to weakly translucent, nearly impunctate, medially evenly rounded and laterally with distinct tooth. Tergum 7 with two widely spaced, narrow, more or less parallel-sided and completely black teeth, which are about 2x as long as wide (Fig. 19). Apical margin of sternum 1 straight to slightly rounded and more or less covered with whitish hairs. Apical margin of sternum 2 evenly rounded and beset with moderately long and sparse whitish pilosity not forming dense hair band (Fig. 19). Apical margin of sternum 3 almost straight to medially very shallowly emarginate and beset with dense, whitish and more or less straight pilosity, which is slightly shorter than pilosity at apical margin of sternum 2 (Fig. 19). Apical margin of sternum 4 emarginate in its median half and beset with dense fringe of long and inwardly directed yellowish hairs, which are about 3x as long as pilosity at the apical margin of sternum 3 (Fig. 19). Apical margin of sternum 5 emarginate in its median third and ciliated with very short yellowish-white hairs (Fig. 19), which are medially about half as long as maximum length of tarsal segment 4 of hind leg. Sternum 6 at base with pair of translucent flaps and preapically with roundish, impuncate and more or less polished impression (Fig. 19). Gonoforceps dorsoventrally flattened, its dorsal surface increasingly turning inwards towards slightly widened and bevelled apex and its maximum width slightly less than apical width of penis valve. Penis valve parallel-sided in its medium third, apically widened and reaching apex of gonoforceps. Distribution. Southern Morocco from the Drâa-Tafilalet region in the north over the Souss-Massa region to the Guelmim-Oued Noun region in the south. Pollen hosts. Polylectic (Tab. 1); pollen hosts include Asteraceae (Carduoideae, Asteroideae), Antirrhineae (Plantaginaceae), Convolvulaceae and Brassicaceae. Nesting biology. The species nests in self-excavated burrows in the ground as revealed by the discovery of a nest in horizontal, hard-packed soil in southern Morocco in spring 2017. Etymology. The species is dedicated to the Swiss biologist Claudio Sedivy, who participated in several bee excursion to the Maghreb and to Cyprus., Published as part of Müller, Andreas, 2022, New Moroccan bee species of the tribe Osmiini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae), pp. 233-263 in Zootaxa 5188 (3) on pages 241-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7091557

Protosmia (Nanosmia) magna spec. nov. Holotype. MOROCCO: Guelmim-Oued Noun: 10 km E Guelmim, 15.– 16.4.1995, ♂ (leg. M. Halada). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich. Paratypes. MOROCCO: Souss-Massa: Icht, 100 km E Bouzakame, 4.5.1995, 1♀ (leg. M. Halada); GuelmimOued Noun: 10 km E Guelmim, 15.– 16.4.1995, 1♀, 3♂ (leg. M. Halada). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich and the private collection of M. Schwarz (Ansfelden). Diagnosis. With a body length of 6–7 mm, P. magna is much larger than all other Protosmia species of the subgenus Nanosmia, whose body length hardly exceeds 5 mm. Additional characters of the female are the coarse punctation between lateral ocellus and compound eye interspersed with micropunctures (Fig. 64) and the blackish mid and hind tibial spurs. Further typical characters of the male are the deep oval preapical depression of tergum 6 and the minutely serrate apical margin of tergum 6 (Fig. 65). Description. FEMALE (Fig. 62): Body length 6–6.5 mm. Head: Head about 0.9x as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin about 1.2x as long as ocellar diameter. Maximum width of genal area 0.65–0.7x as long as maximum width of compound eye. Mandible three-toothed and of black colour except for more or less extended dark reddish-brown preapical zone. Punctation of face very dense with usually only linear interspaces; punctures on frons and paraocular area slightly larger than on supraclypeal area and clypeus. Punctation between lateral ocellus and compound eye rather coarse with maximum of 5–7 punctures in a row and interspersed with micropunctures (Fig. 64). Clypeus with narrow marginal zone, which is distinctly finer and more densely punctured than disc; its apical margin medially straight to slightly rounded and irregularly crenulated. Face sparsely beset with r ather long and (sub)erect whitish hairs except for clypeus, whose whitish pilosity is shorter, more appressed and interspersed with single long hairs. Proboscis of medium length; second segment of labial palpus about 0.7x as long as compound eye and 2.25–2.35x as long as first segment. Antenna dark brown to black; antennal segment 3 about as long as wide and 1.75x as long as segment 4, segments 4–8 shorter than wide, 9–11 as long as wide and segment 12 about 1.7x as long as wide. Mesosoma: Parapsidal line linear. Pronotal lobe with inconspicuous transverse carinulae, its anterior margin weakly keeled.Punctation of scutum and mesepisternum dense with interspaces rarely reaching diameter of one puncture, of scutellum more scattered with interspaces reaching diameter of one to two punctures; interspaces of scutum, scutellum and mesepisternum with micropunctures. Basal area of propodeum polished except for narrow transversal zone at its base, which is distinctly shagreened. Pilosity of mesosoma laterally whitish and dorsally yellowish-white; apical margin of scutellum sparsely beset with very long yellowish hairs. Tegula dark brown and densely punctured over entire surface. Stigma and veins of fore wing predominantly dark brown to black. Tibial spur of fore leg apically extended into rather long tip, which is about 1.5x as long as basally wide. Tibial spurs of hind leg dark brown and apically curved upwards at angle of about 20; inner spur about 0.4x as long as maximum inner length of tibia of hind leg. Pilosity of inner surface of basitarsus of hind leg yellowish-white. Metasoma: Punctation of tergal discs 1–3 laterally dense with interspaces rarely reaching diameter of one puncture and medially slightly more scattered with interspaces reaching diameter of one to two punctures. Punctation of tergal discs 4–6 very dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of half a puncture. Punctation of marginal zones of terga slightly finer than of discs and extended till apical tergal margin. Marginal zones of terga 1–4 narrowly dark reddish- to yellowish-brown and beset with uninterrupted and short white hair bands. Scopa white. MALE (Fig. 63): Body length 6–7 mm. Head: Head about 0.9x as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin about 1.3x as long as ocellar diameter. Maximum width of genal area about 0.6x as long as maximum width of compound eye. Mandible two-toothed and of black colour except sometimes for dark reddish-brown preapical zone. Apical margin of clypeus crenulated. Face covered with long whitish pilosity, which is rather sparse and (sub)erect on frons and supraclypeal area but dense and more or less appressed on paraocular area and clypeus. Proboscis of medium length; second segment of labial palpus about 0.65x as long as compound eye and about 2.2x as long as first segment. Antenna dark brown to black; antennal segment 3 about as long as wide and as long as segment 4, which is shorter than wide, segment 5 about as long as wide, segments 6–12 longer than wide and segment 13 about twice as long as wide. Mesosoma: Parapsidal line linear. Pronotal lobe with inconspicuous transverse carinulae, its anterior margin weakly keeled. Punctation of scutum and mesepisternum dense with interspaces rarely reaching diameter of one puncture, of scutellum more scattered with interspaces reaching diameter of one to two punctures; interspaces of scutum, scutellum and mesepisternum with micropunctures. Basal area of propodeum polished except for narrow transversal zone at its base, which is distinctly shagreened. Pilosity of mesosoma laterally whitish and dorsally yellowish-white; apical margin of scutellum sparsely beset with very long yellowish hairs. Tegula dark brown and densely punctured over entire surface. Stigma and veins of fore wing predominantly dark brown to black. Tibial spur of fore leg apically extended into moderately long tip, which is about 1.5x as long as basally wide. Tibial spurs of hind leg dark brown and apically curved upwards at angle of about 20; inner spur about 0.3x as long as maximum inner length of tibia of hind leg. Metasoma: Punctation of tergal discs 1–3 laterally dense with interspaces rarely reaching diameter of one puncture and medially slightly more scattered with interspaces reaching diameter of one to two punctures. Punctation of tergal discs 4–5 very dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of half a puncture. Punctation of marginal zones of terga finer than of discs and extended till apical tergal margin. Marginal zones of terga 1–3(4) narrowly reddish- to yellowish-brown and beset with uninterrupted and short white hair bands. Tergum 6 basally with impressed and narrow zone, preapically with deep oval and sparsely punctured depression and apically distinctly bent upwards (Fig. 65); apical margin of tergum 6 medially evenly rounded, minutely serrate and laterally with prominent large edge (Fig. 65). Tergum 7 completely hidden under tergum 6 (Fig. 65). Sternum 1 large and strongly convex with dense punctation on basal half and scattered punctation on apical half, its apical margin medially very weakly emarginate (Fig. 66). Sternum 2 medially with dense and roof-shaped tuft of whitish hairs, which is hidden under sternum 1; apical margin of sternum 2 with median emargination, which is beset with long and inwardly directed whitish bristles and filled with transparent membrane. Sternum 3 densely covered with appressed whitish pilosity, its apical margin emarginate and beset with long and inwardly directed yellowish-white bristles (Fig. 66). Apical margin of sternum 4 evenly rounded (Fig. 66). Sternum 5 medioapically with deep and narrowly triangular incision, its apical margin medially with numerous minute, spatulate and brown bristles (Fig. 66). Sternum 6 medioapically projecting and laterobasally with long, narrow and slightly curved membraneous flap (Fig. 66). Gonoforceps long, narrow, of approximately the same width along its entire length and slightly bent inwards in its apical half. Penis valve distinctly shorter than gonoforceps. Distribution. Southernmost Souss-Massa region and Guelmim-Oued Noun region in southern Morocco. Pollen hosts. Unknown. Nesting biology. Unknown. Etymology. The species epithet refers to the large body size (magnus = lat. large) compared to all other P. (Nanosmia) species., Published as part of Müller, Andreas, 2022, New Moroccan bee species of the tribe Osmiini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae), pp. 233-263 in Zootaxa 5188 (3) on pages 261-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7091557

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) weibeli spec. nov. Holotype. MOROCCO: Souss-Massa: 20 km N Tafraoute, 29°53ʹ25ʹʹN/9°00ʹ25ʹʹW, 1220 m, 14.4.2017, ♂ (leg. A. Müller). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich. Paratypes. MOROCCO: Souss-Massa: 10 km SE Ait Baha, 30°02ʹN/9°05ʹW, 18.4.1996, 1♂ (leg. M. Schwarz); 10 km N Agadir, Tamzergoute, 30.553N / 9.564W, 8.4.2015, 1♂ (leg. C. Schmid-Egger); 10 km SEE Ait Baha, 30.034N / 9.056W, 14.4.2015, 1♀ (leg. C. Schmid-Egger); 80 km NE Agadir, Talmakant, 30.834N / 8.956W, 16.4.2015, 1♀, 2♂ (leg. C. Schmid-Egger); 20 km N Tafraoute, 29°53ʹ25ʹʹN/9°00ʹ25ʹʹW, 1220 m, 14.4.2017, 4♀, 17♂ (leg. A. Müller); 10 km S Tafraoute, Wadi SSW Dousdem, 29°37.718ʹN/8°58.909ʹW, 1150 m, 19.4.2019, 1♀ (leg. A. Müller); 4 km SW Tafraoute, Valée Tafraoute, 29°41.802ʹN/9°00.542ʹW, 1030 m, 20.4.2019, 1♀ (leg. A. Müller). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich and the private collections of C. Schmid-Egger (Berlin) and M. Schwarz (Ansfelden). Diagnosis. Among the North African representatives of the Hoplitis adunca species group, the 6.5–8 mm long female of H. weibeli belongs to one of two species, whose tegulae are densely and more or less evenly punctured over their entire surface (Fig. 47) and whose sternum 6 is lateroapically strongly carinate and medioapically prolonged into a narrow spine. The second species with this combination of characters is H. gregaria (Warncke), which is distinctly larger (body length 8–10 mm) and whose third antennal segment is considerably longer (more than twice versus less than twice as long as apically wide, Fig. 46). Diagnostic character of the 6.5–7.5 mm long male of H. weibeli is the shape of the membraneous appendage of sternum 6, which is similar to that of H. gregaria but lacks the mediobasal area of coarse punctation and is medioapically emarginate rather than straight (Fig. 48). Description. FEMALE (Fig. 44): Body length 6.5–8 mm. Head: Head about 0.9x as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin 1.4–1.5x as long as ocellar diameter. Maximum width of genal area 0.7–75x as long as maximum width of compound eye. Mandible three-toothed and of black colour except sometimes for dark reddish-brown apical teeth. Clypeus medially bulged, very densely punctured with usually only linear interspaces and lacking impunctate longitudinal line; apical margin of clypeus with about 9–11 rather short and rounded teeth. Punctation of supraclypeal area similarly dense but slightly finer than that of clypeus. Pilosity of frons, supraclypeal area, paraocular area and gena whitish, rather long, moderately dense and erect to suberect, of clypeus distinctly sparser and shorter except for apical margin, which is beset with long yellowish-white hairs distinctly surpassing clypeal margin. Proboscis of medium length; second segment of labial palpus about 0.9x as long as compound eye and 1.7–1.8x as long as first segment. Antenna predominantly black, segments (5)6- 11(12) partly reddish-brown on anterior side; antennal segment 3 about 1.5x as long as wide and 1.6–1.7x as long as segment 4, segments 4–11 shorter than wide and segment 12 1.4–1.5x as long as wide (Fig. 46). Mesosoma: Parapsidal line linear. Punctation of scutum, scutellum and mesepisternum very dense with interspaces usually not exceeding diameter of half a puncture except for median part of scutellum, where interspaces may reach diameter of one puncture. Basal area of propodeum shagreened. Pilosity of mesosoma laterally whitish and dorsally yellowishwhite. Tegula completely dark or partly brown to yellowish on posterior half and densely punctured over entire surface except sometimes for centralmost part, where punctation is slightly sparser (Fig. 47). Stigma and veins of fore wing dark brown to black. Tibial spur of fore leg apically extended into rather long tip, which is 1–1.5x as long as basally wide. Tibial spurs of hind leg yellowish and almost straight; inner spur about 0.5x as long as maximum inner length of tibia of hind leg. Pilosity of inner surface of basitarsus of hind leg yellowish-white. Metasoma: Punctation of terga 1–4 basally and laterally rather dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of one puncture and medially more scattered with interspaces reaching diameter of up to two or three punctures. Punctation of terga 5–6 very dense with usually only narrow interspaces. Marginal zones of terga 1–4(5) with short white hair bands, which are medially interrupted in older specimens. Longest hairs on median half of tergum 1 slightly less than half as long as maximal length of lateral hair tuft. Terga 5–6 covered with appressed, short and moderately dense whitish pilosity. Sternum 6 medioapically prolonged into a spine; its apical margin with well-developed submarginal carina, which is medially widely interrupted. Scopa whitish. MALE (Fig. 45): Body length 6.5–7.5 mm. Head: Head about 0.85x as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin about 1.4x as long as ocellar diameter. Maximum width of genal area about 0.7x as long as maximum width of compound eye. Mandible two-toothed and of black colour except sometimes for dark reddish-brown apical teeth. Apical margin of clypeus denticulate. Face and gena including ventral side covered with long, dense and erect to suberect whitish pilosity, which surpasses clypeal margin. Proboscis of medium length; second segment of labial palpus about 0.8x as long as compound eye and 1.6–1.7x as long as first segment.Antennal segments 4–11(12) more or less orange coloured; antennal segment 3 1.05–1.15x long as wide and 1.3–1.4x as long as segment 4, segments 4–12 shorter than wide and segment 13 1.4–1.5x as long as wide. Mesosoma: Parapsidal line linear. Punctation of scutum, scutellum and mesepisternum very dense with interspaces usually not exceeding diameter of half a puncture except for median part of scutellum, where interspaces may reach diameter of one to two punctures. Basal area of propodeum shagreened. Pilosity of mesosoma laterally whitish and dorsally yellowishwhite. Tegula black except for its brown to yellowish posterior half and/or outer margin and densely punctured over entire surface except sometimes for centralmost part, where punctation is slightly sparser. Stigma and veins of fore wing dark brown to black. Tibial spur of fore leg apically extended into long tip, which is 1.5–2.5x as long as basally wide. Tibial spurs of hind leg yellowish and almost straight; inner spur about 0.4x as long as maximum inner length of tibia of hind leg. Metasoma: Punctation of terga 1–4 basally and laterally rather dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of one to one and a half punctures and medially more scattered with interspaces reaching diameter of up to two or three punctures. Punctation of terga 5–6 dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of one puncture. Marginal zones of terga 1–4(5) with short white hair bands, which are medially interrupted in older specimens. Apical margin of tergum 6 irregularly crenulated and laterally with distinct tooth. Tergum 7 apically evenly rounded, its lateral margin ventromedially with small angular projection (Fig. 48). Apical margins of sterna 1–4 almost straight und beset with long and sparse whitish pilosity. Sterna 2–4 with sparsely punctured transversal swellings, which are medially slightly impressed by shallow longitudinal groove. Sternum 5 sparsely punctured on disc with two preapical swellings separated by rather sharp longitudinal groove and distinctly more densely and finer punctured along its marginal zone; its apical margin medially very shallowly emarginate. Sternum 6 at base with pair of large translucent flaps. Membraneous appendage of sternum 6 medioapically with shallow emargination of triangular shape (Fig. 48); its lateral lobes roundish, medially slightly concave, about as long as wide and separated from each other by longitudinal groove, which is more or less hidden under rather dense and inwardly directed pilosity of adjacent lobal parts. Gonoforceps very narrow, its outer margin evenly rounded except for apicalmost part, which is almost straight and densely beset with short white hairs. Penis valve dorsoventrally flattened and much wider than gonoforceps, its rounded outer margin with long whitish bristles and ending in sharp apex, which does not reach apex of gonoforceps. Distribution. Western Souss-Massa region in southern Morocco. Pollen hosts. Three pollen samples from three different localities exclusively contained pollen of Echium (Boraginaceae) (Tab. 1), suggesting a distinct or possibly even exclusive preference for this plant genus. Nesting biology. The species builds free-standing nests from mud in depressions of rocks as revealed by the discovery of a nest near Tafraoute in spring 2017 (Fig. 55). Etymology. The species is dedicated to the Swiss environmental scientist Urs Weibel, who shares the authorʹs fascination for insects., Published as part of Müller, Andreas, 2022, New Moroccan bee species of the tribe Osmiini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae), pp. 233-263 in Zootaxa 5188 (3) on pages 252-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7091557

Hoplitis (Anthocopa) widmeri spec. nov. Holotype. MOROCCO: Drâa-Tafilalet: Tizi-n-Tagergoust, 5 km E Tazenakht, 1400 m, 22.4.2008, ♂ (leg. M. Herrmann). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich. Paratypes. MOROCCO: Drâa-Tafilalet: 20 km SE Quarzazate, 30°47ʹN/6°43ʹW, 10.4.1996, 1♀ (leg. J. Gusenleitner); Quaouzagour, 30 km E Agdz, 30°41ʹN/6°08ʹW, 15.4.1996, 1♀ (leg. M. Schwarz); Dra valley, near Agdz, 4.3.2006, 1♀, 5♂ (leg. A. Müller, M. Widmer); Tizi-n-Tagergoust, 5 km E Tazenakht, 1400m, 22.4.2008, 12♀ (leg. A. Müller, C. Sedivy, M. Herrmann); N Tazenakht, 1500 m, 23.4.2008, 3♀, 1♂ (leg. F. Amiet); Errachidia, 32°02ʹN/4°26ʹE, 1160 m, 28.4.2015, 1♀ (leg. K. Denes); El Miyit, 30.36474N / 5.62471W, 20.3.2016, 1♂ (leg. S. Grabener); Guelmim-Oued Noun: 2.75 km SW Ifrane Atlas Saghir, 29°12ʹ09ʹʹN/9°30ʹ19ʹʹW, 740m, 17.4.2017, 2♀, 1♂ (leg. A. Müller). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich and the private collection of M. Schwarz (Ansfelden). Diagnosis. The 6.5–8 mm long female of H. widmeri is morphologically almost identical to H. sedivyi (see above), which was found to cooccur with H. widmeri at several localities. The females of these two species differ by the shape of the fore tibial spur, whose apex is very short in H. widmeri (Fig. 29) but extended into a long tip in H. sedivyi (Fig.18) and by the sculpture of the supraclypeal area, whose punctation is strongly blurred with completely dull interspaces in H. widmeri (Fig. 28) but distinct with polished interspaces in H. sedivyi. In addition, the punctation of the clypeus is finer and the tegulae are usually brighter in H. widmeri. Diagnostic character of the 6.5–7.5 mm long male of H. widmeri is the narrow brush of yellowish to brownish hairs arising from the middle of the slightly emarginate apical margin of sternum 5 (Fig. 30); this brush, however, is more or less concealed under the normal whitish sternal pilosity and therefore often difficult to see unless sternum 5 is well prepared. Additional characters are the shape of tergum 7, which ends in two widely spaced, rather narrow and more or less parallel-sided teeth about 1.75x as long as wide, the dorsoventrally flattened gonoforceps, whose maximum width slightly exceeds the apical width of the penis valve (Fig. 31) and the roundish, impunctate and more or less polished medioapical impression on sternum 6 (Fig. 30). Description. FEMALE (Fig. 26): Body length 6.5–8 mm. Head: Head about 0.85x as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin 1.65–1.75x as long as ocellar diameter. Maximum width of genal area about 0.8x as long as maximum width of compound eye. Mandible four-toothed (basalmost tooth very small and in worn specimens sometimes completely fused with neighbouring tooth) and of black colour except for narrow dark reddish-brown preapical zone. Clypeus medially bulged and very densely punctured with only linear interspaces; its apical margin polished and mostly impunctate, black to dark reddish-brown and medially prolonged into short, regularly rounded, flat, sharp and polished projection lacking median impression (as in H. sedivy, Fig. 17). Supraclypeal area completely dull, its punctation strongly blurred (Fig. 28). Face and gena with whitish pilosity, which is suberect and rather sparse on frons and clypeus and appressed and rather dense on paraocular area and gena. Ventral side of mandible and gena beset with long, curved and whitish to yellowish bristles forming basket on underside of head; similar bristles also arise from dorsal side of mandible. Proboscis of medium length, when folded reaching slightly beyond posterior margin of coxae of fore legs; second segment of labial palpus 1.0–1.1x as long as compound eye and about 2.5x as long as first segment. Antenna black; antennal segment 3 about 1.4x long as wide and about 1.75x as long as segment 4, segments 4–11 shorter than wide and segment 12 about 1.5x as long as wide. Mesosoma: Parapsidal line linear. Punctation of scutum, scutellum and mesepisternum very dense with usually only linear interspaces except for median part of scutellum, where interspaces may reach diameter of one puncture. Basal area of propodeum polished except for basal half, which is distinctly shagreened. Pilosity of mesosoma laterally whitish and dorsally yellowish-white. Tegula yellow except for black inner and anterior margin; its surface rather densely punctured except for central part, where punctation is more scattered. Stigma and veins of fore wing dark brown to black. Tibial spur of fore leg apically with very short tip, which is at most as long as basally wide (Fig. 29). Tibial spurs of hind leg yellowish, long and straight. Metasoma: Punctation of tergal discs basally and laterally rather dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of one puncture and medially usually more scattered with interspaces reaching diameter of two, rarely three punctures. Marginal zones of terga 1–5 finer and more densely punctured than discs and covered with short, uninterrupted and dense white hair bands. Terga 2–3 basally constricted. Tergum 6 with sparse appressed white pilosity. Scopa white and plumose. MALE (Fig. 27): Body length 6.5–7.5 mm. Head: Head about 0.8x as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin about 1.6x as long as ocellar diameter. Maximum width of genal area about 0.7x as long as maximum width of compound eye. Mandible three-toothed and of black colour except for narrow dark reddish-brown preapical zone. Apical margin of clypeus medially serrate. Face and gena including ventral side covered with rather long whitish pilosity, which surpasses clypeal margin. Proboscis of medium length, when folded reaching slightly beyond posterior margin of coxae of fore legs; second segment of labial palpus 1.0–1.1x as long as compound eye and 2.5–2.7x as long as first segment. Antenna black to dark brown; antennal segment 3 about 1.2x as long as wide and slightly longer than segment 4, segments 4–12 about as long as wide and segment 13 about 1.5x as long as wide. Mesosoma: Parapsidal line linear. Punctation of scutum, scutellum and mesepisternum very dense with usually only linear interspaces except for median part of scutellum, where interspaces may reach diameter of one to two punctures. Basal area of propodeum polished except for basal half, which is distinctly shagreened. Pilosity of mesosoma laterally whitish and dorsally yellowish-white. Tegula yellow except for black inner and anterior margin; its surface rather densely punctured except for central part, where punctation is more scattered. Stigma and veins of fore wing dark brown to black. Fore tibial spur apically with very short tip, which is at most as long as basally wide. Tibial spurs of hind leg yellowish, long and straight. Metasoma: Punctation of tergal discs rather dense with interspaces reaching diameter of one to two punctures. Marginal zones of terga 1–5 black to reddish-brown, finer and more densely punctured than discs and covered with short, uninterrupted and dense white hair bands. Terga 2–3 basally constricted. Tergum 6 sparsely covered with appressed whitish pilosity, its apical margin translucent, impunctate, medially evenly rounded except usually for very shallow median emargination and laterally with distinct tooth. Tergum 7 with two widely spaced, rather narrow, more or less parallel-sided and apically mostly reddish teeth, which are about 1.75x as long as wide. Apical margin of sternum 1 straight to slightly rounded. Apical margin of sternum 2 usually with very shallow and narrow median emargination and beset with rather short and predominantly straight whitish pilosity not forming dense hair band. Apical margin of sternum 3 very shallowly emarginate in its median third and beset with whitish pilosity of medium length forming moderately dense band of inwardly directed hairs. Apical margin of sternum 4 shallowly emarginate in its median half and beset with yellowish-white and long pilosity forming dense band of inwardly directed hairs (Fig. 30). Sternum 5 with narrow and short brush of yellowish to brownish hairs, which arise from middle of its slightly emarginate apical margin and are more or less concealed under longer whitish sternal pilosity (Fig. 30). Sternum 6 at base with pair of translucent flaps and preapically with roundish, impunctate and more or less polished impression (Fig. 30). Gonoforceps dorsoventrally flattened, its outer margin evenly rounded except for buttonlike apex and its maximum width slightly exceeding apical width of penis valve (Fig. 31). Penis valve parallel-sided in medium third and apically widened (Fig. 31). Distribution. Southern Morocco from the Drâa-Tafilalet region in the north to the Guelmim-Oued Noun region in the south. Pollen hosts. Polylectic (Tab. 1); pollen hosts include Brassicaceae, Antirrhineae (Plantaginaceae), Convolvulaceae and Crassulaceae. Nesting biology. Unknown. Etymology. The species is dedicated to the Swiss biologist Michael Widmer, with whom the author has made several ornithological excursions to northern and southern Europe, Morocco and the Caucasus., Published as part of Müller, Andreas, 2022, New Moroccan bee species of the tribe Osmiini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae), pp. 233-263 in Zootaxa 5188 (3) on pages 245-247, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7091557

Subgenus Osmia (Allosmia) Tkalců, 1974 Morphological diagnosis Osmia (Allosmia) species are non-metallic, slender and medium-sized bees (6–12 mm) with short-linear, in O. bischoffi Atanassov punctiform parapsidal lines and distinctly keeled to carinate hind coxae. The females are characterized by their yellowish-red metasomal scopa in combination with the coarsely punctate to rugose clypeus, whose apical zone is impunctate, polished, transversally weakly impressed behind its straight apical margin, and distinctly separated from the clypeal disc, often by a short transverse groove; O. bischoffi differs from all other species in that the apical zone of the clypeus is partly punctate along its base, less distinctly separated from the clypeal disc and apically emarginate. The males are characterized by two-toothed mandibles (indistinctly threetoothed in O. bischoffi) in combination with the shape of tergum 7, which is either predominantly flat and apically bifid or laterally distinctly curved downwards and apically rounded to truncate. Biology Pollen hosts. The species of Osmia (Allosmia) are pollen generalists collecting pollen on up to 13 plant families (see species accounts for details). However, in all species, for which a reasonable number of pollen loads was available for study, flowers of the Fabaceae turned out to be the most important pollen hosts. Depending on the species, pollen of this plant family was recorded in 60.0 % to 90.9 % of the pollen samples analysed. The finding that 80.9 % of the 188 pollen loads analysed contained 2–7 different pollen types often belonging to different plant families suggests low flower constancy of pollen-collecting O. (Allosmia) females. Nesting biology. All species of O. (Allosmia), for which information on the nesting biology is available, utilize empty snail shells as exclusive nesting sites (see species accounts for details), indicating that snail shell nesting is a subgeneric trait (Figs 1–5) In contrast to all other obligate snail shell nesters among the osmiine bees, which build more than one brood cell per shell if the available space allows, species of O. (Allosmia) invariably construct only one cell per shell (Figs 4, 5; Müller et al. 2018). The nesting biology slightly differs among the different O. (Allosmia) species. Osmia rufohirta Latreille (and possibly also other representatives of the O. rufohirta species group) differs from representatives of the O. sybarita species group in that i) the nest plug is usually three-layered consisting of two partitions of leaf pulp enclosing a narrow space filled with small stones, earth crumbs, plant fibers or other foreign particles (Fig. 5), ii) the nest plug is usually more or less hidden inside the shell (Fig. 5), iii) the females cover the shell surface with patches of leaf pulp before and often also during cell provisioning (Figs 2, 5) and iv) the sealed nest is usually concealed under stones, below leaves or in grass tussocks (Fig. 2). In the representatives of the O. sybarita species group, the nest plug consists of a mixture of leaf pulp and mollusc shell fragments (Figs 3, 4), it is built at the shell opening (Figs 3, 4), the shell surface is not covered with leaf pulp patches (Figs 1, 3, 4) and the sealed nest is usually buried in loose soil (Fig. 3). The adaptive value of covering the shell surface with leaf pulp patches is not understood. This behaviour, which is also known from species of O. (Neosmia) and from O. (Helicosmia) aurulenta (Panzer) (Müller et al. 2018), has alternatively been interpreted as an evolutionary relict inherited from an ancestor that did not colonize preexisting cavities but constructed free standing brood cells (Bellmann 1981), as a camouflage strategy to reduce the optical conspicuousness of the white shells (Grozdanić 1969) or as a means to facilitate the movement of the shell (Malyshev 1937). Interestingly, instead of gluing patches of leaf pulp on the outer shell surface, some representatives of the O. sybarita species group, such as O. melanura Morawitz and O. rutila Erichson, attach portions of leaf pulp to the inner shell surface few millimeters behind the shell opening immediately after nest site selection (Müller 1992; Haeseler 1997). Experiments showed that this leaf pulp markings near the nest entrance allow the females to recognize their own nests (Haeseler 1997). Thus, covering the outer shell surface with patches of leaf pulp might possibly serve the same purpose, i.e. to individually mark the shell and to signal other females that the shell is already occupied. Taxonomy Michener (2007) included the representatives of the Osmia sybarita species group (see below) in the subgenus O. (Erythrosmia) Schmiedeknecht and recognized O. rufohirta and its closest relatives as the only members of the subgenus O. (Allosmia). However, this placement is neither supported by molecular phylogenetic analyses, which placed O. sybarita Smith as sister to O. rufohirta (Praz et al. 2008; Rightmyer et al. 2013), nor by morphology and biology, which both are more similar between O. sybarita and O. rufohirta than between O. sybarita and O. andrenoides Spinola, the type species of O. (Erythrosmia). Thus, in the present study, we consider O. sybarita and its relatives to belong to O. (Allosmia), following other European authors (e.g. Tkalců 1974; Zanden 1988b; Ungricht et al. 2008). Species accounts Osmia (Allosmia) bischoffi Atanassov, 1938 Osmia bischoffi Atanassov, 1938: 180. Type material: Holotype ♂, “Im Park des Palais Euxinograd bei Warna am Schwarzen Meer” (Bulgaria), National Museum of Natural History Sofia. Literature records. TURKEY: Bayburt, Erzurum (Özbek & Zanden 1992; Özbek 2013). New records. ALBANIA: Gjirokastra: Tepelena, 40°17ʹ23ʺN / 20°01ʹ35ʺE, 125 m, 24.4.2017, 1♀ (leg. A. Rey). BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: Srpska: Ljubovo, 44.643°N / 15.492°E, 200 m, 2♀ (leg. M. Kafka). BULGARIA: Varna: Zlatni Pjasaci, 26.5.1983, 1♀ (leg. L. Norén). CROATIA: Lika-Senj: Baske Ostarie N Velebit, 26.5.2011, 1♀ (leg. Z. Jozan); Split-Dalmatia: 40 km N Split, 43°47.9ʹN / 16°34.1ʹE, 370 m, 29.5.2005, 3♀ (leg. M. Halada). GREECE: Central Greece: Tymfristos, 1990 m, 1♀ (leg. A. W. Ebmer); Eastern Macedonia and Thrace: Nomos Drama, Falakró, 41°17ʹ40ʺN / 24°02ʹ05ʺE, 1400–1800 m, 15.– 16.6.2012, 2♀ (leg. A. W. Ebmer); Epirus: Igoumenitsa, 200 m, 17.4.1994, 1♀ (leg. S. Becvar); 30 km W Ioannina, 16.5.2005, 2♀ (leg. M. Halada); N Tyria, 400 m, 1♀ (leg. A. W. Ebmer); Peloponnese: ancient Mykene, 27.4.2000, 1♀ (leg. W. Arens); ancient Korinth, 21.4.1995, 2♀ (leg. W. Arens); West Macedonia: Pentalofos pass, 1500–1700 m, 1♀ (leg. A. W. Ebmer). ROMANIA: Mehedinti: SW Orsova, 25.5.2002, 6♀ (leg. M. Snizek); Cozla, 50 km W Turnu Severin, 25.– 26.5.2002, 36♀ (leg. M. Halada, Z. Pedr). TURKEY: Bilecik: Bilecik, 4.4.1987, 1♂ (leg. Menrad); Erzurum: Basakli, 20.7.1979, 1♀ (leg. H. Özbek); Sutkans, Oltu, 2000 m, 10.6.1997, 1♀ (leg. L. Gültekin); 25 km SSW Oltu, 40.29°N / 41.47°E, 18.5.2002, 1♀ (leg. J. Rozen); 2 km NW Gecitköy, 5.7.2007, 1♀ (leg. J. Ascher, J. Rozen, H. Özbek); Ilica, Agziacik Gecidi, 40°16ʹN / 40°59ʹE, 2295 m, 3.7.2008, 1♀ (leg. J. Rozen, H. Özbek); Kütahya: Porsuk Baraji, 30 km N Kütahya, 22.5.1998, 2♀ (leg. M. Halada); Sakarya: Adapazari, 12.5.1964, 1♀ (leg. K. Warncke); Tokat: Yolüstü, 40°28.79ʹN / 37°16.86ʹE, 1250 m, 20.5.2007, 1♀ (leg. W.- H. Liebig). Distribution. From southeastern Europe (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania, Greece, Romania, Bulgaria) to eastern Turkey. Pollen hosts. Polylectic (at least 13 plant families): Fabaceae (Hedysareae, Loteae, Trifolieae; n = 15 pollen loads with Fabaceae pollen), Asteraceae (Asteroideae, Cichorioideae; n = 9), Brassicaceae (n = 8), Monocots (n = 6), Convolvulaceae (n = 5), Cistaceae (n = 3), Caryophyllaceae (n = 2), Ranunculaceae (n = 2), Boraginaceae (n = 1), Dipsacoideae (n = 1), Lamiaceae (Nepetoideae; n = 1), Plantaginaceae (Plantago; n = 1) and Crassulaceae (n = 1) (based on 25 pollen loads from 14 different localities in Albania, Croatia, Greece, Romania and Turkey). Nesting biology. Osmia bischoffi nests in empty snail shells (Atanassov, 1938; A. W. Ebmer, personal communication). The females cover the surface of the nest shells with patches of leaf pulp. Osmia (Allosmia) imitatrix (Tkalců, 1992) Hoplitis (Allosmia) imitatrix Tkalců, 1992: 219. Type material: Holotype ♀, “Kara-kala” (Turkmenistan), Halada Collection (České Budějovice, Czech Republic). New records. TURKMENISTAN: Ahal: Firjuza-Vanovski, 23.–26.4.?, 1♀ (leg. S. Bečvàř). Distribution. Known so far only from two localities in the Kopet Dag mountain range in southern Turkmenistan. Pollen hosts. Unknown. Nesting biology. Unknown. Note. Male unknown. Osmia rufohirta species group The representatives of the O. rufohirta species group differ from those of the O. sybarita species group in both sexes by the distinctly wider head and in the male sex by the shape of tergum 7, which is laterally distinctly curved downwards and apically rounded to truncate, as well as the presence of a pyramidal or triangular projection on sternum 2. The two groups probably differ also in several characteristics of their nesting biology (see above). Osmia (Allosmia) gemina spec. nov. Holotype. ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: Central District: Tel Yizhaq, 32°14ʹ34ʺN / 34°51ʹ53ʺE, 20 m, 13.2.2010, ♂ (leg. A. Dorchin). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich. Paratypes. ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: Central District: Bnei Tsiyon, 32°13ʹ16ʺN / 34°51ʹ25ʺE, 35 m, 25.2.2009, 1♀ (leg. A. Dorchin), 16.2.2010, 1♂ (leg. A. Dorchin); Harutsim, 32°13ʹ47ʺN / 34°51ʹ35ʺE, 35 m, 26.2.– 30.3.2009, 6♀, 11♂ (leg. A. Dorchin); Netanya, 11.3.– 12.4.2009, 5♀, 2♂ (leg. A. Dorchin); Tel Yizhaq, 32°14ʹ34ʺN / 34°51ʹ53ʺE, 20 m, 13.2.– 27.2.2010, 2♂ (leg. A. Dorchin); Yakum, 19.3.2009, 1♀, 1♂ (leg. A. Dorchin); Northern District: Gilboa Mt., 1 km N Gan Ner, 32.5478°N / 35.33924°E, 50 m, 24.2.2018, 1♂ (leg. A. Dorchin); Southern District: Fura NR, 6.3 km E Ruhama, 31°29ʹ47ʺN / 34°46ʹ33ʺE, 196 m, 18.3.2010, 1♀ (leg. A. Dorchin), 15.4.2012, 1♀ (leg. A. Dorchin); Lakhish, 31.5562°N / 34.869°E, 18.2.– 9.3.2020, 1♀, 2♂ (leg. K. Levy). JORDAN: Dscharasch: 10 km N Jerash, 20.4.2002, 1♀ (leg. M. Snizek); Alhuna, SW Jerash, 12.4.2009, 1♀ (leg. M. Snizek); Irbid: Tall al Arbatin, 20km S North Shuna, 19.4.1996, 3♀ (leg. M. Halada); North Shuna, 20.– 22.4.1996, 1♀ (leg. M. Halada); S Irbid, 13.4.2009, 1♀ (leg. M. Snizek). Deposited in the entomological collections of ETH Zurich, the Steinhardt Museum of Natural History Tel Aviv, the Hebrew University Jerusalem and the Oberösterreichisches Landesmuseum Linz. Other records. ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: Southern District: Judean Foothills, Lakhish, 6.3.2013, 1♂ (leg. T. Shapira); Lakhish, 31.5562°N / 34.869°E, 4.3.2016, 1♂ (leg. G. Pisanty); Lehavim, 31.370°N / 34.8257°E, 7.3.2015, 3♀ (leg. G. Pisanty); Tel Qeriyyot, 31.342°N / 35.125°E, 27.3.2015, 1♀, 1♂ (leg. G. Pisanty). Diagnosis. Osmia gemina is in both sexes morphologically very close to O. soror and O. rufohirta (Figs 6, 7). The females differ from O. soror by the shorter tergal hair bands, which surpass the apical margin of terga 2–4 by less than half of their length, and from O. rufohirta by the darker colour of the marginal zone of terga 1–5, which is predominantly black to narrowly dark reddish-brown; outside the southern Levant, where O. gemina does not occur, females of O. rufohirta may also have more or less darkened tergal margins. The males differ from O. rufohirta by the shaggy yellowish pilosity at the marginal zone of sterna 4–5 consisting of long and suberect hairs not forming bands (Figs 8, 9), by the polished, sparsely punctate and almost unhaired roundish preapical depression of sternum 6 (Figs 8, 9) and by the apically less broadened and less inwardly bent gonoforceps (Figs 10, 11). They differ from O. soror by the shorter pilosity along the inner margin of the apical half of the gonoforceps, which is distinctly less than half as long as the pilosity along the outer margin (Fig. 10), by the smaller length of the longest hairs on tergal discs 4–5, which are distinctly shorter than tarsal segment 2 of the hind leg, and often also by the dark rather than reddish marginal zone of terga 1–5. Description. Except for the characters given in the diagnosis and the identification key, both sexes of O. gemina are morphologically identical to the widespread and well-known O. rufohirta. Therefore, no detailed description of the new species is given here. Distribution. Central and northern Israel and northern Jordan.At five localities in Israel (Harutsim, Lakhish, Tel Yizhaq, Yakum) and Jordan (North Shuna), O. gemina was found to cooccur with O. rufohirta indicating syntopic occurrence of these two closely related species within the distribution range of O. gemina. Pollen hosts. Polylectic (at least 4 plant families): Fabaceae (Hedysareae, Loteae, Trifolieae; n = 3 pollen loads with Fabaceae pollen), Asteraceae (Asteroideae, Cichorioideae; n = 3), Brassicaceae (n = 1) and Plantaginaceae (Plantago; n = 1) (based on 3 pollen loads from 3 different localities in Israel and Palestine). Nesting biology. Unknown. Etymology. The scientific name refers to the close morphological similarity with the sister species O. rufohirta Latreille, 1811 (lat. “geminus” = twin). Osmia (Allosmia) nuda Friese, 1899 Osmia nuda Friese, 1899: 328. Type material: Lectotype ♀, by designation of G. van der Zanden (unpublished), “ Balkan ” (Balkans), Museum für Naturkunde Berlin. Literature records. TURKEY: Bursa (Bursa) (Friese 1899). New records. BULGARIA: Burgas: 5 km E Zvedec, 42°05ʹ17ʺN / 27°29ʹ01ʺE, 4.5.2006, 1♀ (leg. J. Smit); Varna: Zlatni Pjasaci, 22.– 26.5.1983, 6♀, 1♂ (leg. L. Norén). CROATIA: Zadar: Biograd, 1.7.1966, 1♀ (leg. Hoffer). TURKEY: Adiyaman: Nemrut, 8.6.1992, 1♂ (leg. M. Hradsky); Kütahya: Porsuk Baraji, 30 km N Kütahya, 15.6.1997, 1♂ (leg. M. Halada). Distribution. From southeastern Europe (Croatia, Bulgaria) to central Turkey. Pollen hosts. Polylectic (at least 3 plant families): Fabaceae (Trifolieae; n = 1 pollen load with Fabaceae pollen), Convolvulaceae (n = 1) and Lamiaceae (Nepetoideae; n = 1) (based on 2 pollen loads from 2 different localities in Bulgaria). Nesting biology. Unknown. Note. Warncke (1986) treated O. nuda as junior synonym of Chelostoma ventrale Schletterer, which was correctly rejected by Özbek & Zanden (1992). Osmia (Allosmia) rufohirta Latreille, 1811 Osmia rufo-hirta Latreille, 1811: 580. Type material: Syntypes ♀ ♀, “ France ” (France), “Allemagne” (Germany), type depository unknown. Type species of Allosmia Tkalců. Osmia fulvo-hirta Lepeletier, 1841: 322. Type material: Lectotype ♀, by designation of Tkalců (1974), “Environs de Paris” (France), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris. Synonymy in Dalla Torre (1896). Osmia spiniventris Giraud, 1857: 181. Type material: Syntypes ♂♂, “ Autriche ” (Austria), “Carniole” (Slovenia), “ Italie ” (Italy), “ Hongrie ” (Hungary), type depository unknown. Synonymy in Dalla Torre (1896). Literature records. ALBANIA ( Tkalců 1974). AZERBAIJAN: Göygöl (Ducke, 1900). AUSTRIA: Gusenleitner et al. (2012). BELARUS: Prishchepchik (2000). BELGIUM: Pauly (1999), Pauly et al. (2018). CROATIA: Jozan (2009). CHINA: Xinjiang (Hetienkashentaxian) (Wu, 2006). CZECH REPUBLIC: Bogusch et al. (2007). FRANCE including Corsica (Benoist 1931). GEORGIA: Kirkitadze & Japoshvili (2015). GERMANY: Scheuchl & Willner (2016). HUNGARY: Józan (2011). IRAN: Alborz, East Azerbaijan, Mazandaran (Ascher & Pickering, 2020). ITALY including Sardinia and Sicily: Pagliano (1994, 1995). KAZAKHSTAN: Turkistan (Bairkum) (Morawitz, 1875). LIECHTENSTEIN: Bieri (2002). LUXEMBOURG: Rasmont et al. (1995). MALTA: Balzan et al. (2016). NORTH MACEDONIA: Vardar (Stobi) (Zanden (1984a). PORTUGAL: Baldock et al. (2018). ROMANIA: Ban-Calefariu (2009). RUSSIA: Astrachan, North Caucasus (Ducke, 1900; Proshchalykin & Fateryga 2017). SERBIA: Mudri-Stojnić et al. (2021). SLOVAKIA: Bogusch et al. (2007). SLOVENIA: Gogala (1999). SPAIN: Ortiz-Sánchez (2020). SWITZERLAND: Amiet et al. (2004). TURKEY: Adana, Ankara, Antalya, Aydin, Denizli, Diyarbakar, Erzurum, Hatay, Izmir, Karaman (Özbek & Zanden 1992; Özbek 2013). UKRAINE including Crimea (Scheuchl & Willner, 2016; Fateryga et al., 2018). New records. ARMENIA: Kotayk: Gekhard, 17.5.1978, ♀ (leg. M. Kocourek). AZERBAIJAN: Nakhichevan: Julfa, Gazanchi, 39°13ʹN / 45°41ʹE, 1300 m, 15.6.2019, ♀ (leg. M. Proshchalykin). BULGARIA: Burgas: Slancev brjag, 1.6.1972, f (leg. M. Kocourek); Haskovo: 5 km NE Harmanli, 41°57ʹN / 25°57ʹE, 200 m, 14.6.2008, 2♀ (leg. M. Halada); Kardschali: Balabanovo, 41°34ʹN / 25°22ʹE, 300 m, 22.6.2007, 4♀ (leg. M. Halada); Stara Zagora: Galobovo, 1.7.1997, ♀ (leg. A. Zaykov); Vratsa: Voivodovo, 18.5.1996, ♀, ♂ (leg. A. Zaykov). GREECE: Aegean Islands: Lesvos, Eresos, 39.1771°N / 25.946°E, 8.4.2012, ♀ (leg. G. Nakas); Central Greece: 30 km S Lamia Bralos, 10.5.2005, 3♀ (leg. J. Halada); Epirus: 10 km NE Ioannina, Published as part of Müller, Andreas, 2022, Palaearctic Osmia bees of the subgenera Allosmia and Neosmia (Megachilidae Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species, pp. 201-232 in Zootaxa 5188 (3) on pages 202-216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7091605, {"references":["Tkalcu, B. (1974) Ergebnisse der Albanien-Expedition 1961 des ' Deutschen Entomologischen Institutes'. 89. Hymenoptera: Apoidea V (Megachilidae). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 2 4, 323 - 348.","Muller, A., Praz, C. & Dorchin, A. 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Osmia (Allosmia) and O. (Neosmia) are two closely related Palaearctic osmiine bee subgenera (Megachilidae, Megachilinae, Osmiini) comprising eleven and ten species, respectively. Analysis of female pollen loads revealed that the representatives of O. (Allosmia) and O. (Neosmia) are pollen generalists collecting pollen on up to 13 and 17 plant families, respectively. The species of both subgenera exclusively nest in empty snail shells and use chewed leaves as main nest building material, often in combination with fragments of mollusc shells and densely packed small particles, such as small stones, earth crumbs or plant fibers, which are used to barricade the nests. The taxonomic revision of the two subgenera revealed the existence of two undescribed species, O. (Allosmia) gemina spec. nov. from the southern Levant and O. (Neosmia) nigrocalcaribus spec. nov. from the Maghreb. Osmia fossoria Pérez, 1890 syn. nov. and O. decorata Morawitz, 1886 syn. nov. are newly synonymized with O. (Allosmia) lhotelleriei Pérez, 1887 and O. (Allosmia) melanura Morawitz, 1871, respectively, whereas the former synonymization of O. (Neosmia) rosea Friese, 1920 with O. scutispina Gribodo, 1894 is rejected. Osmia (Neosmia) purpurata Ducke, 1899 is regarded as a nomen dubium. Osmia (Allosmia) soror Pérez, 1896 and O. (Neosmia) secunda Peters, 1977 are treated as species rather than as subspecies of O. rufohirta Latreille, 1811 and O. tingitana Benoist, 1969, respectively, due to clear morphological gaps and partly sympatric occurrence. Identification keys for all species of the two subgenera are given.

Subgenus Neosmia Tkalců, 1974 Morphological diagnosis Osmia (Neosmia) species are nonmetallic, robust and medium-sized bees (7.5–14 mm) with punctiform to shortlinear parapsidal lines. Both sexes differ from all other subgenera of Osmia by the extraordinary length of antennal segment 3, which is at least 2x as long as apically wide, but mostly longer. The females are additionally characterized by the following characters: i) pilosity of head, mesosoma and metasoma including scopa foxy red to orange-red (except for O. bicolor (Schrank), whose head and mesosoma are covered with black hairs); ii) ventral inner margin of mandible without large median tooth, which is in contrast to O. (Hemiosmia), whose females often look very similar due to their foxy red body pilosity; iii) disc of clypeus partly rugose (except for O. bicolor and O. jason Benoist, whose clypeal disc is regularly punctured); and iv) apical margin of clypeus medially distinctly impressed or notched (except for O. bicolor and O. jason, whose clypeal margin is medially almost straight). Additional characters of the males are i) the well-developed foxy red to orange-red pilosity of the metasoma (except for O. bicolor, whose metasoma is covered with yellowish to whitish hairs); ii) the shape of tergum 7, which is two-toothed or medioapically more or less emarginate, and iii) peculiar properties of sternum 4, which – depending on the species – has a deep triangular incision, bears mediopreapically a roundish spot of short hairs, is covered with erect and stiff bristles on its apical half or has a convex apical margin. Biology Pollen hosts. The species of Osmia (Neosmia) are pollen generalists collecting pollen on up to 17 plant families (Fig. 17; see species accounts for details). The distinct polylecty is also evident from the finding that pollen of Carex (Cyperaceae) and Plantago (Plantaginaceae), which is only exceptionally collected by osmiine bees, was found in several brood cell provisions of O. bicolor (Müller 1990, 1991). Moreover, 68% of the 78 pollen loads analysed contained 2–7 different pollen loads, which suggests low flower constancy of pollen-collecting O. (Neosmia) females. Nesting biology. All species of O. (Neosmia), for which information on the nesting biology is available, utilize empty snail shells as exclusive nesting sites (see species accounts for details), indicating that snail shell nesting is a subgeneric trait (Figs 16, 18–21). Depending on the size of the selected shells, the nests contain one to several brood cells, which are separated from each other by one-layered partitions constructed from leaf pulp. The females of all species cover the shell surface with patches of leaf pulp before and often also during and after cell provisioning (Fig. 16; see section on the nesting biology of the subgenus Allosmia above for a discussion of possible functions of this behaviour). The nest plug is always three-layered, consisting of the outermost cell partition built from leaf pulp followed by a space filled with small pebbles, earth crumbs, plant fibers, fragments of mollusc shells or other foreign particles (Figs 18, 19) and the final partition, which is located at the shell opening or more or less hidden inside the shell. This final partition is either built from a mixture of leaf pulp and fragments of mollusc shells or—in the two representatives of the Osmia bicolor species group - from leaf pulp alone. In the latter two species, the central layer of the nest plug is often divided up by one to three additional partitions of leaf pulp. The sealed nests are rolled to a suitable place and either buried few centimetres deep into the sandy ground or hidden under vegetation. In the O. bicolor species group however, the sealed nests remain in place and are covered with hundreds of pine needles, dry grass blades or other plant material (Figs 20, 21); prior to the construction of the protective cover, the females may bury their nests partly or completely into the ground. Taxonomy The types of Osmia purpurata Ducke, 1899 are lost (Tkalců 1977; Peters 1977). According to Ducke (1900), the female of O. purpurata is morphologically very close to O. gracilicornis Pérez, 1895 and differs mainly by the darker reddish and sparser pilosity of the metasoma. The pronounced morphological similarity led Peters (1977) to suspect that O. purpurata and O. gracilicornis might be conspecific and that the differences in colour and density of the pilosity are due to different ages of the specimens Ducke had studied. As the types are lacking and the original description is not sufficient to clarify species identity, O. purpurata is treated here as a nomen dubium. Species accounts Osmia (Neosmia) cinnabarina Pérez, 1895 Osmia cinnabarina Pérez, 1895: 10. Type material: Lectotype ♀, by designation of Tkalců (1977), “ Tlemcen ” (Algeria), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris. Literature records. ALGERIA: Algiers (Algiers) (Ducke 1900). ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: West Bank (Jericho) (Tkalců 1977). MOROCCO: Drâa-Tafilalet, Fès-Meknès, Oriental, Souss-Massa, Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima (Lhomme et al. 2020). TUNISIA: Tunis (Tunis) (Tkalců 1977). New records. ALGERIA: Mila: Oulad Aziz, 36º27ʹN / 6º16ʹE, 16.4.– 16.5.2013, 7♀ (leg. Abderrezak); Tébessa: Bouchebka, 3.5.2008, 1♀ (leg. N. Benarfa). ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: Southern District: 1.6 km N Be'er Sheva, 31°18ʹ13ʺN / 34°48ʹ20ʺE, 352 m, 26.3.2017, 1♀ (leg. A. Dorchin). JORDAN: Dscharasch: 10 km N Jerash, 20.4.2002, 1♀ (leg. M. Snizek); Ma ' an: Al-Shawbak, 18.4.2007, 1♀ (leg. C. Praz, C. Sedivy, A. Müller); Madaba: 20 km N Madaba, 1.5.1997, 1♀ (leg. W. Schlaefle). MOROCCO: Casablanca-Settat: Oueled Sghir, 32.8226ºN / 7.6221ºW, 495 m, 8.4.2013, 1♀ (leg. A. Sentil); Drâa-Tafilalet: 30 km E Midelt, 13.5.1995, 1♀ (leg. M. Halada); Fès-Meknès: Sefrou, 33°50.3ʹN / 4°50.3ʹW, 22.3.1992, 1♀ (leg. H.- J. Flügel); Guelmim-Oued Noun: Foum Assaka, 35 km SW Sidi Ifni, 29°08ʹ22ʺN / 10°24ʹ38ʺW, 0 m, 19.4.2017, 1♀ (leg. A. Müller); Oriental: 40 km S Guercif, 15. – 17.5.1995, 5f (leg. M. Halada); Rabat-Salé-Kénitra: Rabat, 33.976444ºN / 6.860639ºW, 61 m, 1♀, 5.4.2018 (leg. D. Michez, P. Lhomme); Souss-Massa: Cap Rhir-Tamri, 60 km N Agadir, 4.4.2009, 2♀, 2♂ (leg. A. Müller). SPAIN: Canary Islands: Fuerteventura, Costa Calma, ENE Montana Pelada, 40 m, 30.3.2015, 3♀, 5♂ (leg. A. Müller); Lanzarote, La Caleta, 7.2.1998, 1♂ (leg. F. Amiet). TUNISIA: Gabès: 10 km SW Toujane, 24.4.2012, 2♀ (leg. C. Praz); Gafsa: 20 km N Metlaoui, 17.4.1994, 1♀ (leg. M. Schwarz); Jendouba: Jendouba, 19.4.2001, 3♀ (leg. M. Halada); Kairouan: Kairouan, 3.4.2001, 1♀ (leg. M. Halada); Kasserine: 10 km NNW Thelepte, 24.3.2001, 1♀ (leg. C. Schmid-Egger); Kebili: Zaafrana, 6.4.1999, 1♂ (leg. K. Denes); Nabeul: 5 km NNW Grombalia, 11.4.2000, 1♀ (leg. P. Hartmann); Sidi Bouzid: Sidi Bouzid, 12.4.1999, 1♀ (leg. K. Denes); Siliana: 15 km SW Makthar, 35°49ʹN / 9°06ʹE, 21.4.1994, 1♀ (leg. M. Schwarz); Sousse: Msaken, 20.4.1998, 1♀ (leg. K. Denes); Tataouine: Ksar Hadada, 4.4.1998, 1♀ (leg. K. Denes). Distribution. Canary Islands (Fuerteventura, Lanzarote), Maghreb (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia) and southern Levant (Israel, Jordan). Pollen hosts. Polylectic (at least 5 plant families): Fabaceae (n = 18 pollen loads with Fabaceae pollen), Resedaceae (Fig. 17; n = 16), Asteraceae (Asteroideae, Cichorioideae; n = 4), Brassicaceae (n = 3), and Cistaceae (n = 3) (based on 31 pollen loads from 20 different localities in Algeria, Jordan, Morocco, Spain and Tunisia). Flower records: Anthemis melampodina, Hippocrepis comosa, Reseda lanzerotae, Rosmarinus officinalis (label records). Nesting biology. Osmia cinnabarina nests in empty snail shells, e.g. of Theba (Fig. 19; A. Müller personal observation). The three nests discovered in Morocco (Takat, 2013) and on Fuerteventura (Costa Calma, 2015) were in shells of 15‒17 mm diameter. The females covered the shell surface with patches of leaf pulp. The nests contained 1‒3 brood cells. They lacked a basal wall that sealed the larval provisions of the innermost cell against the rear end of the shell. The cells were separated by one-layered partitions of leaf pulp. The one-layered leaf pulp partition that sealed the outermost cell had a marginal thickness of about 3 mm and was thicker than the cell partitions. This partition formed the base of the nest plug, which consisted of a 0.5‒0.9 cm long space densely filled with small pebbles, fragments of snail shells or pieces of petals and stems (Fig. 19), followed by a final partition at or a few millimetres behind the shell opening built from mollusc shell fragments and small pebbles embedded into a matrix of leaf pulp. As the nests were discovered shortly before they were finished, it is unclear whether the females would have buried them into the sandy ground as e.g. O. (Neosmia) rufigastra Lepeletier does. Osmia (Neosmia) gracilicornis Pérez, 1895 Osmia gracilicornis Pérez, 1895: 10. Type material: Lectotype ♀, by designation of Tkalců (1974), “ Tunis ” (Tunisia), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris. Type species of Neosmia Tkalců. Literature records. ALGERIA: Constantine (Constantine), El Bayadh (Chellala), Sétif (Sétif) (Tkalců 1977). ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: Southern District (Ras Zuweita); West Bank (Wadi el Kelt, Jerusalem-Jericho) (Mavromoustakis 1948a; Tkalců 1977). MOROCCO: Fès-Meknès, Oriental (Melilla), Rabat-Salé-Kénitra (Bou Knadel), Souss-Massa (Biougra-Tafraoute) (Mavromoustakis 1947; Zanden 1997; Lhomme et al. 2020). TUNISIA: Tunis (Tunis) (Ducke 1900; Tkalců 1977). New records. ALGERIA: Constantine: Ayn El Bey, 36.25ºN / 6.61ºE, 13.4.1999, 1♀ (leg. Bemou); Khenchela: Mtoussa, 10.4.2008, 1♀ (leg. N. Maghni); Mila: Oulad Aziz, 36.27ºN / 6.16ºE, 9.4. – 11.5.2013, 7♀ (leg. Abderrezak); Tébessa: Bouchebka, 3.3.2008, 1♂ (leg. N. Benarfa). EGYPT: Matrouh: Ikingi Maryut, 18.3.1935, 1♀ (leg. A. Mochi). ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: Southern District: 10km W Dimona, 403 m, 20.3.2012, 4♀, 5♂ (leg. A. Dorchin); West Bank: En Perat, 630m E Anatot, 31°49ʹ57ʺN / 35°18ʹ26ʺE, 265 m, 18.3.2012, 1♀, 1♂ (leg. A. Dorchin). JORDAN: Karak: Al Karak, 22.3.2009, 1♀ (leg. M. Kalabza); Ma ' an: Al-Shawbak, 18.4.2007, 2♀ (leg. C. Praz, C. Sedivy, A. Müller); Madaba: Wadi Mujib, King’s Highway, 19.4.2007, 1♀ (leg. C. Praz, C. Sedivy, A. Müller); Tafilah: 20 km SSE At Tafilah, 18.4.2009, 1♀ (leg. M. Snizek). MOROCCO: Fès-Meknès: 15 km SE Sefrou, 26.5.1995, 9♀ (leg. M. Halada); Souss-Massa: Tifnite, 10 km S Agadir, 15.4.2014, 1♀ (leg. C. SchmidEgger). TUNISIA: Gabès: 10 km SW Toujane, 24.4.2012, 1♀ (leg. C. Praz); Gafsa: 40 km NW Gafsa, 17.4.1994, 1♂ (leg. M. Schwarz); Jendouba: 10km N Jendouba, 19.4.2001, 3♀ (leg. M. Halada); Kairouan: 10 km W Sbikha, 12.4.2000, 1♀ (leg. P. Hartmann); Kasserine: 10 km NNW Thelepte, 3♀, 2♂ (leg. C. Saure, C. Schmid-Egger); Kef: 2 km SW El Kef, 28.4.2012, 1♀ (leg. C. Sedivy, A. Müller); Medenine: Djerba, SE Houmt Souk, 19.3.2001, 2♀, 1♂ (leg. C. Saure, C. Schmid-Egger); Nabeul: Hammamet, 15.3.1996, 11♀ (leg. K. Denes); Sfax: 30 km SW Sfax, 10.4.1994, 1♀ (leg. M. Schwarz); Siliana: 15km SW Makthar, 21.4.1994, 3♀ (leg. J. Gusenleitner). Distribution. From the Maghreb (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia) over Libya and Egypt to the southern Levant (Israel and Palestine, Jordan). Pollen hosts. Polylectic (at least 7 plant families): Brassicaceae (n = 20 pollen loads with Brassicaceae pollen), Cistaceae (n = 11), Fabaceae (Hedysareae, Loteae; n = 9), Asteraceae (Asteroideae, Carduoideae, Cichorioideae; n = 6), Boraginaceae (Echium; n = 2), Resedaceae (n = 2) and Dipsacoideae (n = 1) (based on 22 pollen loads from 11 different localities in Algeria, Israel and Palestine, Morocco and Tunisia). Flower records: Anthemis melampodina, Bellis annua, Senecio joppensis, Raphanus raphanistrum, Retama raetam, Rosmarinus officinalis, Zygophyllum dumosum (label records). Nesting biology. Unknown. Osmia (Neosmia) nigrocalcaribus spec. nov. Holotype. TUNISIA: Bizerte: Fretissa farm, 24.4.1983, ♀ (leg.?). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich. Paratypes. ALGERIA: Constantine: Ben badis, 23.5.2008, 1♀ (leg. S. Aguib). MOROCCO: Tanger-TétouanAl Hoceïma: 20 km E Targuist, 35°01ʹN / 5°17ʹW, 27.4.2009, 1♀ (leg. E. Hajdaj). TUNISIA: Bizerte: Fretissa farm, 18.4.1983, 1♀ (leg.?). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich. Diagnosis. Diagnostic characters of the female of O. nigrocalcaribus are the dark brown spurs of the hind tibia (Fig. 23), the brownish pilosity of the inner surface of the hind basitarsus (Fig. 24) and the black marginal zone of terga 1‒5. In the females of all other O. (Neosmia) species, the spurs of the hind tibia and the pilosity of the inner surface of the hind basitarsus are yellowish and the marginal zone of terga (1)2‒5 are brownish to yellowish, distinctly contrasting with the black tergal discs. Description. FEMALE: Body length 9–10 mm. Head: Head about 0.9x as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin 2.0–2.2x as long as ocellar diameter. Maximal width of genal area about 1.2x as long as maximal width of compound eye. Proboscis rather short, reaching in repose till base of fore coxa; second segment of labial palpus about 1.7x as long as first segment. Mandible three- to indistinctly four-toothed with the two basal teeth weakly separated from each other; lower inner margin of mandible without median tooth. Punctation of clypeus, supraclypeal area, paraocular area and frons very dense with only linear interspaces.Anterior part of hypostomal area almost as densely punctured as posterior part. Clypeus with narrow polished impunctate apical zone, which is medially distinctly impressed, apically slightly emarginate and covered with two short lateral tufts of inwardly directed yellowish-red hairs on its underside. Face and vertex covered with long and erect foxy red pilosity. Antenna black, its third segment about twice as long as apically wide. Mesosoma: Parapsidal line 1.5–2x as long as wide. Punctation of scutum, scutellum and mesepisternum very dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of half a puncture. Metanotum medially without spine or distinct protuberance. Basal area of propodeum basally and medially shagreened, laterally and apically more or less polished. Propodeal pit polished and shiny. Mesosoma covered with long and erect foxy red pilosity except for its ventral side, which is covered with distinctly shorter and yellowish-red hairs. Tegula dark brown to black, its punctation dense on apical third and along outer margin. Stigma and veins of fore wing dark brown to black. Legs predominantly black. Pilosity at posterior margin of basitarsus of fore leg whitish and about twice as long as basitarsal width. Coxa of hind leg keeled. Tibial spurs of hind leg dark brown and straight except for their apex, which is bent upwards at an angle of 30–40° (Fig. 23). Pilosity of inner side of basitarsus of hind leg brownish (Fig. 24). Metasoma: Declivous basal part of tergum 1 polished and shiny. Punctation of tergal discs fine and dense except for median part of terga 1–3, where it is more scattered with interspaces reaching diameter of two to three punctures. Marginal zone of terga 1–5 black. Terga 1–5 with long and erect foxy red pilosity. Tergum 6 with appressed yellowish-red pilosity. Scopa foxy red. MALE: Unknown. Distribution. Maghreb (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia) Pollen hosts. The only pollen load available consisted of pollen of Fabaceae. Nesting biology. Unknown. Osmia (Neosmia) secunda Peters, 1977 Osmia (Neosmia) tkalcui secunda Peters, 1977: 25. Type material: Holotype ♂, “ Tripolitania, Garian, ca. 2500 Fuss ” (Libya), Natural History Museum London. New records. TUNISIA: Mahdi: El Jem, 6.– 13.4.1999, 2♂ (leg. K. Denes). Distribution. Known so far only from the type locality in northwestern Libya and from eastern Tunisia. Pollen hosts. Unknown. Nesting biology. Unknown. Notes. Female unknown. Peters (1977) treated O. secunda as subspecies of O. tingitana Benoist, 1969 (as O. tkalcui Peters 1977). Given the distinct differences in the pilosity of the male sterna (see identification key) and the sympatric occurrence with O. tingitana in Tunisia and Libya, O. secunda is considered here to represent a species of its own. Osmia (Neosmia) tingitana Benoist, 1969 Osmia tingitana Benoist, 1969: 243. Type material: Lectotype ♂, by designation of Zanden (1986), “ Tanger ” (Morocco), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris. Osmia (Neosmia) tkalcui Peters, 1977: 22. Type material: Holotype ♂, “Cyrenaica” (Libya), Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt. Synonymy in Zanden (1986). Literature records. ALGERIA: Khenchela (Baghai), Muaskar (Mascara), Naâma (Mécheria), Saida (Saida), Saoura (Djebel Antar) (Peters 1977; Zanden 1983; Sihem et al. 2017). EGYPT: Matruh (Marsa Matruh) (Peters 1977). LIBYA: Al-Mardsch (Tocra), Al-Murgub (Leptis Magna), Al-Wahat (Agedabia), Surt (Sirte) (Peters 1977). MOROCCO: Oriental (Melilla), Rabat-Salé-Kénitra (Oued Cherrat), Souss-Massa (Agadir), Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima (Tanger) (Mavromoustakis 1947, as O. tunensis; Tkalců 1977; Zanden 1983; Lhomme et al. 2020)., Published as part of Müller, Andreas, 2022, Palaearctic Osmia bees of the subgenera Allosmia and Neosmia (Megachilidae Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species, pp. 201-232 in Zootaxa 5188 (3) on pages 216-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7091605, {"references":["Tkalcu, B. (1974) Ergebnisse der Albanien-Expedition 1961 des ' Deutschen Entomologischen Institutes'. 89. Hymenoptera: Apoidea V (Megachilidae). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 2 4, 323 - 348.","Muller, A. (1990) Faunistisch-okologische Untersuchungen an Bienen (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) im Schaffhauser Randen (Nordschweizer Jura). Diploma thesis, University of Zurich, Zurich, 148 pp.","Muller, A. 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Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 98, 95 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1929.28117","Zanden, G. van der (1994) Neue Arten und Unterarten, eine neue Untergattung und einige neue Falle von Synonymie der palaarktischen Bauchsammler (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae). Reichenbachia, 30, 167 - 172.","Zanden, G. van der (1989) Neue oder wenig bekannte Arten und Unterarten der palaearktischen Megachiliden (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Apoidea: Megachilidae). Entomologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 53, 71 - 86.","Zanden, G. van der (1985) Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen der von R. Benoist beschriebenen Osmia - Arten mit Liste seiner Schriften (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae). Reichenbachia, Dresden, 23, 47 - 72.","Grozdanic, S. (1971) Biologische Untersuchungen an Osmia (Helicosmia) nov. spec. aff. gracilicornis (Perez) (Apoidea, Hymenoptera). Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle Belgrade, Serie B, 26, 5 - 23."]}

Protosmia (Nanosmia) curviseta spec. nov. Holotype. MOROCCO: Guelmim-Oued Noun: 2.75 km SW Ifrane Atlas Saghir, 29°12ʹ09ʹʹN/9°30ʹ19ʹʹW, 740 m, 17.4.2017, ♀ (leg. A. Müller). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich. Paratypes. MOROCCO: Drâa-Tafilalet: 10 km E Agdz, 1000 m, 20.4.2008, 2♀ (A. Müller, M. Herrmann, C. Sedivy); Zagora, 600 m, 21.4.2008, 1♀ (leg. F. Amiet); Tizi-n-Tagergoust, 5 km E Tazenakht, 1400 m, 22.4.2008, 2♀ (A. Müller, M. Herrmann); N Tazenakht, 1500 m, 23.4.2008, 1♀ (leg. F. Amiet); Guelmim-Oued Noun: 2.75 km SW Ifrane Atlas Saghir, 29°12ʹ09ʹʹN/9°30ʹ19ʹʹW, 740 m, 17.4.2017, 12♀ (leg. A. Müller). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich. Diagnosis. Diagnostic character of the 4–5 mm long female of P. curviseta are the long, apically curved and capitate bristles on the labial palpus (Fig. 60–61). These bristles, which are directed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the labial palpus, cover the apical third of the first segment and almost the entire length of the second segment. The only other Protosmia species with such strongly curved bristles on the labial palpus are P. (Nanosmia) devia Tkalců from Pakistan and India and P. (Nanosmia) hamulifera Griswold from the Arabian peninsula. Apart from its markedly different distribution range, P. curviseta differs from P. devia by its black rather than abricot-coloured mandibles and from P. hamulifera by the relative length of the second segment of the labial palpus, which is about 2.2x as long as the first segment (1.75x as long in P. hamulifera), and by the density and extent of the specialized labial pilosity, which is rather sparse and covers almost the entire length of the second segment (Fig. 60–61; much denser and lacking on the apical half of the second segment in P. hamulifera). Weakly curved bristles also occur in P. (Nanosmia) pulex (Benoist) from Israel and Palestine, whose marginal zones of the terga are broadly reddish rather than predominantly dark. The male of P. curviseta is unknown. Description. FEMALE (Fig. 60): Body length 4–5 mm. Head: Head 0.9–0.95x as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin 1.05–1.15x as long as ocellar diameter. Maximum width of genal area 0.7–0.75x as long as maximum width of compound eye. Mandible three-toothed and completely black. Punctation of face very dense with usually only linear interspaces; punctures on frons and paraocular area roughly twice as large as those on supraclypeal area and clypeus. Clypeus with narrow marginal zone, which is distinctly finer and more densely punctured than disc; its apical margin medially straight to very weakly emarginate, minutely crenulated and narrowly keeled. Face sparsely beset with rather long and (sub)erect whitish hairs except for clypeus, which is covered with short, sparse and appressed whitish pilosity interspersed with single long hairs. Proboscis of medium length, when folded reaching middle of coxae of fore legs; second segment of labial palpus about 0.8x as long as compound eye and 2.1–2.2x as long as first segment. Apical third of first segment of labial palpus and basal five sixths of second segment covered with about 15–20 long, apically curved and capitate bristles, which are directed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the labial palpus (Fig. 60–61). Antennal segments 1–4(12) predominantly black, 5–11(12) partly brown on anterior side; segment 3 slightly longer than wide and 1.75x as long as segment 4, segments 4–8 shorter than wide, 9–11 as long as wide and segment 12 almost 2x as long as wide. Mesosoma: Parapsidal line linear. Pronotal lobe with inconspicuous transverse carinulae, its anterior margin distinctly keeled. Punctation of scutum dense with interspaces rarely reaching diameter of one puncture, of scutellum and mesepisternum more scattered with interspaces reaching diameter of one to two punctures; interspaces of mesepisternum with micropunctures. Basal area of propodeum polished except for narrow transversal zone at its base, which is distinctly shagreened. Pilosity of mesosoma laterally whitish and dorsally yellowish-white; apical margin of scutellum sparsely beset with very long yellowish hairs. Tegula dark brown to black and rather densely punctured except for central part, which is light brown and sparsely punctured. Stigma and veins of fore wing predominantly dark brown to black. Tibial spur of fore leg apically extended into long tip, which is about 2x as long as basally wide. Tibial spurs of hind leg yellowish and apically curved upwards at angle of about 30; inner spur about 0.5x as long as maximum inner length of tibia of hind leg. Pilosity of inner surface of basitarsus of hind leg yellowish-white. Metasoma: Punctation of tergal discs 1–3(4) laterally dense with interspaces rarely reaching diameter of one puncture and medially slightly more scattered with interspaces reaching diameter of one and a half to two punctures. Punctation of tergal discs (4)5–6 dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of one puncture. Punctation of marginal zones of terga slightly finer than of discs and extended till apical tergal margins. Marginal zones of terga 1–3 narrowly dark reddish- to yellowish-brown and beset with widely interrupted white hair bands. Scopa white. MALE: Unknown. Distribution. Southern Morocco from the Drâa-Tafilalet region to the Guelmim-Oued Noun region. Pollen hosts. Polylectic (Tab. 1); pollen hosts include Antirrhineae (Plantaginaceae), Boraginaceae and Zygophyllacae. The females of P. curviseta possess long, apically curved and capitate bristles on the labial palpi of the proboscis. Such specialized bristles of spoonlike shape are also found in females of the osmiine bee genus Haetosmia Popov, where they serve to scrape pollen out of the narrow-tubed flowers of Heliotropium (Boraginaceae) (Gottlieb et al. 2014; Müller & Griswold 2017). Given the amazing similarity in shape and location of these bristles between P. curviseta and species of Haetosmia, Heliotropium is most probably a further pollen host of P. curviseta. Nesting biology. Unknown. Etymology. The species epithet refers to the apically curved bristles on the labial palpus of the female (curvus = lat. curved, seta = lat. bristle)., Published as part of Müller, Andreas, 2022, New Moroccan bee species of the tribe Osmiini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae), pp. 233-263 in Zootaxa 5188 (3) on pages 258-260, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7091557, {"references":["Muller, A. & Griswold, T. (2017) Osmiine bees of the genus Haetosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa, 4358 (2), 351 - 364. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4358.2.8"]}

Hoplitis (Anthocopa) prazi spec. nov. Holotype. MOROCCO: Guelmim-Oued Noun: 33 km SW Sidi Ifni, 29°09ʹ13ʹʹN/10°22ʹ50ʹʹW, 90m, 18.4.2017, ♀ (leg. A. Müller). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich. Paratypes. MOROCCO: Oriental: 40 km S Guercif, 15.– 17.5.1995, 1♀ (leg. M. Halada); 10 km S Bouarfa, 20.5.1995, 1♀ (leg. M. Halada); Figuig, Jbel Bouarfa, 32°40ʹ04ʹʹN/2°01ʹ26ʹʹW, 1210 m, 30.5.1996, 1♀ (leg. P. Rasmont); Drâa-Tafilalet: 10 km SE Erfoud, 3.4.1980, 1♀ (leg. K. Warncke); Ait Saoun, 10 km N Agdz, 6.4.1980, 1♀ (leg. K. Warncke); 20 km E Agdz, 20.4.1995, 1♀, 1♂ (leg. M. Halada); 10 km N Mhamid, 21.– 22.4.1995, 2♂ (leg. M. Halada); 80 km S Errachidia, 20 km W Rissani, 4.4.1996, 1♀ (leg. O. Niehuis); Tizi-n-Fedrhate, 60 km NE Quarzazate, 31°06ʹN/6°40ʹW, 1370 m, 11.4.1996, 1♀, 7♂ (leg. M. Schwarz); Tamegroute, 20 km SE Zagora, 30°06ʹN/5°40ʹW, 13.4.1996, 1♀ (leg. J. Gusenleitner); Jebel Bani, 29.93315N / 5.63223W, 18.3.2016, 1♀ (leg. S. Grabener); Taojgalt, 31.38864N / 6.3258W, 10.4.2016, 1♂ (leg. S. Grabener); Souss-Massa: 10 km S Akka, 28.3.1986, 1♀ (leg. K. Warncke); Guelmim-Oued Noun: Foum Assaka, 35 km SW Sidi Ifni, 29°08ʹ22ʹʹN/10°24ʹ38ʹʹW, 0m, 19.4.2017, 1♂ (leg. A. Müller). TUNISIA: Tataouine: 50 km S Tataouine, 32°27ʹN/10°16ʹE, 5.5.1992, 1♀ (leg. M. Schwarz); 56 km S Tataouine, 11.4.1994, 1♀ (leg. J. Gusenleitner); 10 km NW Remada, 10.4.2001, 1♀ (leg. M. Halada); Tataouine, 11.4.2001, 1♀ (leg. M. Halada); Yekhzer SE Tataouine, 23.4.2012, 1♀ (leg. C. Praz); 5 km S Tataouine, 23.4.2012, 1♂ (leg. C. Praz). ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: Southern District: 2 km E Samar, 33 km N Eilat, 15.4.1990, 12♀, 1♂ (leg. K. Warncke); Gerofit, 46 km N Eilat, 16.4.1990, 1♀ (leg. K. Warncke); Zin Wilderness, En Zin, 30°53.38ʹN/35°09.39ʹE, - 61 m, 4.5.1995, 1♀, 2♂ (leg. Irvin); En Yahaf, 3.3.– 13.5.2010, 1♀, 3♂ (leg. A. Gotlieb); Hazeva, 26.3.– 3.5.2010, 3♂ (leg. A. Gotlieb, Y. Hobs); Hazeva, 13.4.– 1.5.2010, 5♀ (leg. A. Gotlieb, Y. Hobs, H. Marshall); 4 km SW Yotvata, 29°52ʹ56ʹʹN/35°02ʹ50ʹʹE, 23.4.2010, 1♀ (leg. C. Sedivy, C. Praz); 3 km E Ne’ot Smadar, 30°02ʹ10ʹʹN/35°02ʹ40ʹʹE, 23.4.2010, 1♀ (leg. C. Sedivy, C. Praz); 2 km SW Hatzeva, 30°45ʹ20ʹʹN/35°15ʹ30ʹʹE, 25.4.2010, 1♀ (leg. C. Sedivy, C. Praz); 2 km N Ein Yahav, 30°40ʹ39ʹʹN/35°14ʹ17ʹʹE, 28.4.2010, 19♀ (leg. C. Sedivy, C. Praz); Nahal Amazyahu, 30°49ʹ16ʹʹN/35°17ʹ32ʹʹE, - 205 m, 30.3.2011, 1♀ (leg. A. Dorchin). JORDAN: Qa’Disi, 8 km E Wadi Rum, 10.4.1989, 1♂ (leg. J. Gusenleitner); Rawayshid, 23.4.1996, 1♀ (leg. M. Halada); Wadi Rum, 4.– 5.5.1996, 1♀, 1♂ (leg. M. Halada). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich, the Oberösterreichisches Landesmuseum Linz and the private collection of M. Schwarz (Ansfelden). Additional records. MOROCCO: Fès-Meknès: 20 km N Missour, 14.5.1995, 4♀ (leg. M. Halada); Missour, Al Baten, 33.27176N / 3.85123W, 13.4.2002, 1♂ (leg. J. Yvernault); Marrakesh-Safi: Ijoukak, 50 km SW Asni, 31°00’N / 8°07’W, 22.4.1996, 8♂ (leg. J. Gusenleitner); Souss-Massa: 30 km SE Taliouine, 30°28’N / 7°41’W, 17.4.1996, 4♂ (leg. J. Gusenleitner); 10 km SE Ait Baha, 30°02’N / 9°05’W, 18.4.1996, 4♂ (leg. J. Gusenleitner). ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: Southern District: 10.5.1997, 1♀ (B.L. Rozen); Nahal Sayif, 22.3.2007, 1♀ (leg. I. Lalzar); Iddan, 28.4.2010, 1♀ (leg. A. Gotlieb); Arava Valley, Nahal Shezaf NR, 30°43’22’’N / 35°16’08’’E, - 134m, 30.3.2011, 1♀ (leg. A. Dorchin); Arava Valley, 2.5 km SE Sapir, 30°35’34’’N / 35°11’56’’E, - 41 m, 25.4.2011, 1♀ (leg. A. Dorchin). Diagnosis. The 6–7.5 mm long female of H. prazi is characterized by the almost completely yellow to orange mandibles, by the impuncate polished zone along the apical margin of the clypeus, which is more or less reddish, medially prolonged into a short, regularly rounded, flat and sharp projection lacking a median impression (Fig. 12), by the partly orange coloured femora of the hind leg (Fig. 10) and usually by an orange spot on the ventral side of tergum 1 (Fig. 10). This combination of characters is unique among the western Palaearctic Hoplitis species of the subgenus Anthocopa except for H. batyamae and H. wahrmanni (Mavromoustakis). These latter species differ from H. prazi by their distinctly serrate clypeal margin and the almost completely yellow-coloured mid femora, which are predominantly black in H. prazi. The 6–7 mm long male of H. prazi, which also has yellow to orange mandibles and usually orange areas on hind femora and ventral side of tergum 1, is well characterized by the shape of tergum 7, which ends in two widely spaced, long, narrow and parallel-sided teeth (Fig. 13), and by the almost straight apical margins of sterna 4–5 (Fig. 14). In H. batyamae and H. wahrmanni, which are very similar to H. prazi with respect to both body colour and shape of tergum 7, the apical margins of sterna 4–5 are distinctly emarginate. Description. FEMALE (Fig. 10): Body length 6–7.5 mm. Head: Head about 0.8x as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin about 1.25x as long as ocellar diameter. Maximum width of genal area 0.65–0.75x as long as maximum width of compound eye. Mandible three-toothed (basalmost tooth occasionally slightly emarginate suggestive of an additional tooth) and yellow to orange except for black base and dark apical teeth. Clypeus medially slightly bulged and very densely punctured with only linear interspaces; its apical margin polished and mostly impunctate, more or less reddish and medially prolonged into a short, regularly rounded, flat and sharp projection lacking a median impression (Fig. 12). Face and gena with dense white pilosity. Ventral side of mandible and gena beset with long, curved and whitish to yellowish bristles forming basket on underside of head; similar bristles also arise from dorsal side of mandible. Proboscis of medium length, when folded reaching slightly beyond posterior margin of coxae of fore legs; second segment of labial palpus about 1.1x as long as compound eye and 2.5–2.8x as long as first segment. Antennal segments 1–3(4) black and (4)5–12 (partly) light to yellowishbrown on anterior side; antennal segment 3 about as long as wide, slightly longer than segment 4, segments 4–11 shorter than wide and segment 12 about 1.5x as long as wide. Mesosoma: Parapsidal line linear. Punctation of scutum, scutellum and mesepisternum very dense with usually only linear interspaces except for median part of scutellum, where interspaces may reach diameter of one puncture. Basal area of propodeum polished except for basal half, which is distinctly shagreened. Pilosity of mesosoma white, on mesepisternum long and dense largely hiding cuticular surface. Tegula predominantly yellow and rather densely punctured over entire surface except for impunctate central part. Stigma and veins of fore wing yellowish to light brown. Tibial spur of fore leg apically prolonged into long tip, which is 3–4x as long as basally wide. Femur of hind leg more or less orange (Fig. 10); in specimens from the Maghreb the orange colour is often limited to inner side of distalmost part of femur. Distal part of femur of middle leg occasionally also partly orange coloured. Tibial spurs of hind leg yellowish, long and straight. Metasoma: Ventral side of tergum 1 with orange spot (Fig. 10). Punctation of tergal discs dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of one puncture. Marginal zones of terga 1–5 reddish, distinctly finer and more densely punctured than discs and covered with uninterrupted and dense white hair bands. Terga 2–3 basally constricted. Tergum 6 with sparse appressed white pilosity. Scopa white and plumose. MALE (Fig.11): Body length 6–7 mm. Head: Head about 0.75x as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin about 1.2x as long as ocellar diameter. Maximum width of genal area about 0.65x as long as maximum width of compound eye. Mandible three-toothed and yellow to orange except for black base and dark apical teeth. Apical margin of clypeus medially serrate. Face and gena including ventral side covered with very dense white pilosity, which surpasses clypeal margin. Proboscis of medium length, when folded reaching slightly beyond posterior margin of coxae of fore legs; second segment of labial palpus about 1.1x as long as compound eye and 2.5–2.6x as long as first segment. Antennal segments 1–2(3) black and (3)4–13 brown to yellowish-brown on anterior side; antennal segment 3 slightly shorter than wide and of about same length as segment 4, segments 4–12 about as long as wide to very slightly longer than wide and segment 13 about 1.5x as long as wide. Mesosoma: Parapsidal line linear. Punctation of scutum, scutellum and mesepisternum very dense with interspaces only rarely exceeding diameter of half a puncture except for median part of scutellum, where interspaces may reach diameter of one to two punctures. Basal area of propodeum polished except for basal half, which is distinctly shagreened. Pilosity of mesosoma white, on mesepisternum long and dense largely hiding cuticular surface. Tegula predominantly yellow and rather densely punctured over entire surface except for impunctate central part. Stigma and veins of fore wing yellowish to light brown. Tibial spur of fore leg apically prolonged into long tip, which is 2–4x as long as basally wide. Inner side of distalmost part of hind femur orange. Tibial spurs of hind leg yellowish, long and straight. Metasoma: Ventral side of tergum 1 often with orange spot. Punctation of tergal discs dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of one and a half punctures. Marginal zones of terga 1–5 usually reddish, distinctly finer and more densely punctured than discs and covered with uninterrupted and dense white hair bands. Terga 2–3 basally constricted. Tergum 6 covered with appressed white pilosity, its apical margin translucent, impunctate, medially evenly rounded and laterally with distinct tooth (Fig. 13). Tergum 7 with two widely spaced, long, narrow, parallelsided and apically reddish teeth (Fig. 13). Apical margin of sternum 1 straight. Sterna 2–3 covered with rather long white pilosity, which surpasses apical margins but does not form dense hair bands (Fig. 14); apical margins of sterna 2–3 translucent and medially emarginate (Fig. 14), emargination of sternum 2 very shallow and of sternum 3 widely triangular. Apical margin of sternum 4 almost straight and densely beset with very long, whitish and inwardly directed hairs (Fig. 14). Apical margin of sternum 5 straight and ciliated with short whitish hairs (Fig. 14). Sternum 6 at base with pair of translucent flaps, its apical margin rounded and preapically with polished, almost impunctate and hairless zone (Fig. 14). Gonoforceps narrow, with erect whitish hairs in its apical third and apically bevelled. Penis valve parallel-sided in its medium third, apically widened and slightly projecting over apex of gonoforceps. Distribution. Morocco from the Oriental region in the north to the Guelmim-Oued Noun region in the south; southern Tunisia; Negev desert of southern Israel; Syrian desert of northeastern Jordan. Pollen hosts. Polylectic with strong preference for Asteraceae (Carduoideae, Asteroideae, Cichorioideae) (Tab. 1); additional pollen hosts include Brassicaceae. Nesting biology. The species nests in self-excavated short burrows in the ground as revealed by the discovery of a still open brood cell at the end of a ca. 5 cm long and vertical burrow in horizontal, hard-packed sandy soil in southern Israel in spring 2010 (C. Praz and C. Sedivy, personal communication). The cell was built from yellow and pink flower petals of unknown origin. Etymology. The species is dedicated to the Swiss bee expert Christophe Praz, who participated in several bee excursions to the Maghreb and the Near East, where the new species was found., Published as part of Müller, Andreas, 2022, New Moroccan bee species of the tribe Osmiini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae), pp. 233-263 in Zootaxa 5188 (3) on pages 237-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7091557

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) maussi spec. nov. Holotype. MOROCCO: Souss-Massa: 4 km ESE Ait Baha, 30°03ʹ42ʹʹN/9°06ʹ55ʹʹW, 620 m, 12.4.2017, ♂ (leg. A. Müller). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich. Paratypes. Souss-Massa: 30 km SE Taliouine, 30°28ʹN/7°41ʹW, 17.4.1996, 1♂ (leg. M. Schwarz); 10 km SE Ait Baha, 30°02ʹN/9°05ʹW, 20.4.1996, 7♀, 6♂ (leg. J. Gusenleitner, M. Schwarz); 10 km SEE Ait Baha, 30.034N / 9.056W, 14.4.2015, 1♀ (leg. C. Schmid-Egger); 4 km ESE Ait Baha, 30°03ʹ42ʹʹN/9°06ʹ55ʹʹW, 620 m, 12.4.2017, 1♀ (leg. A. Müller); 20 km N Tafraoute, 29°53ʹ25ʹʹN/9°00ʹ25ʹʹW, 1220 m, 14.4.2017, 3♂ (leg. A. Müller); Wadi SSW Dousdem, 10 km S Tafraoute, 29°37.718ʹN/8°58.909ʹW, 1150 m, 19.4.2019, 1♀ (leg. A. Müller); Valée Tafraoute, 4 km SW Tafraoute, 29°41.802ʹN/9°00.542ʹW, 1030 m, 20.4.2019, 1♀ (leg. A. Müller); Kasbah de Tizourgane, 40 km SSE Ait Baha, 29°52.922ʹN/8°59.755ʹW, 1190 m, 22.4.2019, 1♀ (leg. A. Müller). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich and the private collection of M. Schwarz (Ansfelden). Additional records. MOROCCO: Souss-Massa: Tassademt, 50 km NE Agadir, 30°41ʹN/9°14ʹW, 19.4.1996, 1♀ (leg. M. Schwarz). Diagnosis. Hoplitis maussi is in both sexes morphologically very similar to H. hilbera Müller from the Iberian Peninsula. The 6.5–7.5 mm long female differs by the brownish mid and hind tibial spurs (Fig. 34; yellowish in H. hilbera) and by the longer apical tip of the tibial spur of the fore leg, which is slightly longer than basally wide (Fig. 35; slightly shorter than basally wide in H. hilbera). The 6–7.5 mm long male differs by the shorter antennal segment 4, which is slightly shorter than wide (Fig. 36; distinctly longer than wide in H. hilbera) and by the shape and pilosity of the lateroapical edge of sternum 6, which is prolonged into a short tip and beset with very long whitish hairs equalling the length of tarsal segment 2 of the hind leg (Fig. 37; rounded and beset with short whitish hairs much shorter than the length of tarsal segment 2 of the hind leg in H. hilbera). Description. FEMALE (Fig. 32): Body length 6.5–7.5 mm. Head: Head about 0.95x as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin 1.4–1.5x as long as ocellar diameter. Maximum width of genal area about 0.7x as long as maximum width of compound eye. Mandible three-toothed and of black colour except for dark reddish-brown apical teeth. Clypeus medially bulged and very densely punctured with only linear interspaces except for very small impunctate zone at its base and very narrow and slightly elevated longitudinal line, which is indistinct in some specimens; apical margin of clypeus with 7–9 teeth. Punctation of supraclypeal area slightly finer than that of clypeus and very dense with only linear interspaces except medioapically, where interspaces may reach diameter of one to two punctures. Pilosity of frons, supraclypeal area, paraocular area and gena whitish, rather long, moderately dense and erect to suberect, of clypeus distinctly sparser and shorter except for its apical margin, which is beset with long yellowish-white hairs distinctly surpassing clypeal margin. Proboscis of medium length; second segment of labial palpus about 0.8x as long as compound eye and about 1.6–1.7x as long as first segment. Antenna black to dark brown; antennal segment 3 about 1.5x long as wide and almost 1.75x as long as segment 4, segments 4–11 shorter than wide and segment 12 about 1.5x as long as wide. Mesosoma: Parapsidal line linear. Punctation of scutum, scutellum and mesepisternum dense with interspaces usually not exceeding diameter of half a puncture to one puncture. Basal area of propodeum shagreened. Pilosity of mesosoma whitish. Tegula brown to yellowish-brown except for black inner and anterior margin; its anterior half and inner margin densely punctured, its posterior half almost impunctate. Stigma and veins of fore wing dark brown to black. Tibial spur of fore leg apically with moderately long tip, which is slightly longer than basally wide (Fig. 35). Tibial spurs of hind leg brownish and apically curved upwards at an angle of about 30 (Fig. 34); inner spur about 0.4x as long as maximum inner length of tibia of hind leg. Pilosity of inner surface of basitarsus of hind leg yellowish-white. Metasoma: Punctation of terga 1–4 basally and laterally rather dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of one puncture and medially more scattered with interspaces reaching diameter of up to two, rarely more punctures. Punctation of terga 5–6 very dense with usually only linear interspaces. Marginal zones of terga 1–4(5) with short white hair bands, which are medially interrupted in older specimens. Longest hairs on median half of tergum 1 slightly less than half as long as maximal length of lateral hair tuft. Tergum 6 covered with suberect, very short and moderately dense whitish pilosity. Sternum 6 medioapically not prolonged into distinct spine; its apical margin with moderately well developed and more or less crenulated submarginal carina, which is medially either interrupted or lower than laterally. Scopa whitish. MALE (Fig. 33): Body length 6–7.5 mm. Head: Head 0.85–0.9x as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin about 1.25x as long as ocellar diameter. Maximum width of genal area 0.6–0.65x as long as maximum width of compound eye. Mandible two-toothed and of black colour except for dark reddishbrown apical teeth. Apical margin of clypeus denticulate. Face and gena including ventral side covered with rather dense and erect whitish to yellowish-white pilosity. Proboscis of medium length; second segment of labial palpus 0.7–0.8x as long as compound eye and 1.55–1.6x as long as first segment. Colour of antenna variable ranging from almost completely dark to (partly) yellowish or light brown on segments 3–12 (Fig. 36); antennal segment 3 about as long as wide and about 1.3x as long as segment 4, segments 4–12 slightly shorter than wide to almost as long as wide and segment 13 1.6–1.7x as long as wide (Fig. 36). Mesosoma: Parapsidal line linear. Punctation of scutum, scutellum and mesepisternum dense with interspaces usually not exceeding diameter of one puncture. Basal area of propodeum shagreened. Pilosity of mesosoma laterally whitish and dorsally yellowish-white. Tegula yellowish to yellowish-brown except for black inner and anterior margin; its anterior half and inner margin densely punctured, its posterior half almost impunctate. Stigma and veins of fore wing predominantly dark brown to black. Tibial spur of fore leg apically with moderately long tip, which is about as long as basally wide. Tibial spurs of hind leg yellowish to brownish and apically weakly curved upwards; inner spur about 0.35x as long as maximum inner length of tibia of hind leg. Metasoma: Punctation of terga 1–4 basally and laterally rather dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of one puncture and medially more scattered with interspaces reaching diameter of up to two, rarely more punctures. Punctation of terga 5–6 very dense with interspaces not exceeding diameter of half a puncture to one puncture. Marginal zones of terga 1–4(5) with short white hair bands, which are medially interrupted in older specimens. Apical margin of tergum 6 medially more or less crenulated and laterally with distinct tooth. Tergum 7 apically usually evenly rounded, its lateral margin ventromedially with small angular projection. Apical margins of sterna 1–4 almost straight und beset with long and sparse whitish pilosity. Sterna 2–4 with sparsely punctured and medially narrowed transversal swellings. Sternum 5 basally strongly shagreened, preapically sparsely punctured with interspaces reaching diameter of up to three or four punctures and finely and densely punctured along its marginal zone (Fig. 37); its apical margin medially slightly emarginate (Fig. 37). Sternum 6 at base with pair of large translucent flaps, its lateroapical edge prolonged into short tip and beset with very long whitish hairs equalling length of tarsal segment 2 of hind leg (Fig. 37). Lateral lobes of bilobed membraneous appendage of sternum 6 roughly quadrangular in shape, slightly wider than long, laterally weakly prolonged into rounded tip and separated from each other by angle of 45–60 (Fig. 37). Gonoforceps very narrow, its apical third bent inwards and downwards and ending in obtuse apex, which is beset with very short and dense tuft of white hairs. Penis valve dorsoventrally flattened and much wider than gonoforceps, its rounded outer margin with long whitish bristles and ending in sharp apex, which barely reaches apex of gonoforceps. Distribution. Western Souss-Massa region in southern Morocco. Pollen hosts. Possibly mesolectic on Fabaceae and Boraginaceae (Echium) (Tab. 1). Nesting biology. Unknown. Etymology. The species is dedicated to the German pollen wasp expert Volker Mauss, with whom the author has made several entomological excursions to southern Morocco and the Canary Islands., Published as part of Müller, Andreas, 2022, New Moroccan bee species of the tribe Osmiini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae), pp. 233-263 in Zootaxa 5188 (3) on pages 247-249, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7091557

Hoplitis (Alcidamea) herrmanni spec. nov. Holotype. MOROCCO: Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra: Layoune, 16.2.1988, ♂ (leg. K. Guichard). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich. Paratypes. MOROCCO: Drâa-Tafilalet: Tiouine, 40 km N Tazenakht, 1300 m, 23.4.2008, 2♂ (leg. M. Herrmann); Tizi-n-Bachkoum, 10 km N Tazenakht, 1600 m, 23.4.2008, 1♂ (leg. M. Herrmann). Deposited in the Entomological Collection of ETH Zurich. Diagnosis. With a male body length of 5–6 mm, H. herrmanni is the smallest representative of the subgenus Alcidamea in the western Palaearctic. Diagnostic character of the male is the short, widely triangular and predominantly yellowish- to reddish-brown tergum 7 in combination with the length of the gonoforceps, which is distinctly shorter than the penis valve (Fig. 2). Additional characters are the short head, which is 0.8–0.85x as long as wide, the yellowish to brownish anterior side of antennal segments 4–13, the short proboscis, which only slightly exceeds the proboscidial fossa when in repose, the very shallow impression on the dorsal side of the hind femur, the inconspicuous median protuberance of the metanotum, which is only slightly below the scutellar plane, and the yellowish- to reddish-brown marginal zone of tergum 6 (Fig. 2). The female of H. herrmanni is unknown. Description. MALE (Fig. 1): Body length 5–6 mm. Head: Head 0.8–0.85x as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin about as long as ocellar diameter. Maximum width of genal area 0.5–0.6x as long as maximum width of compound eye. Mandible two-toothed and black except for preapical reddish zone. Apical margin of clypeus shortly denticulate. Frons, paraocular area, supraclypeal area and clypeus covered with dense whitish pilosity, which surpasses clypeal margin. Proboscis short, when folded only slightly exceeding proboscidial fossa and not reaching coxa of fore leg; second segment of labial palpus about 0.55x as long as compound eye and 1.75x as long as first segment. Antennal segments 1–3 dark and 4–13 yellowish to brownish on anterior side; segments 3–4 shorter than wide and of about the same length, segments 5–12 about as long as wide to slightly longer and segment 13 about 1.5x as long as wide. Mesosoma: Pronotal lobe keeled along anterior margin. Parapsidal line linear. Punctation of scutum, scutellum and upper lateral part of mesepisternum rather dense with interspaces reaching diameter of one to one and a half, rarely two punctures. Punctation of lower lateral and ventral part of mesepisternum rather irregular with interspaces varying in size between diameter of less than a puncture to diameter of four punctures. Metanotum medially with weak protuberance. Basal area of propodeum polished except for narrow transversal zone at its base, which is distinctly shagreened and finely striate. Tegula yellowishbrown except for black inner margin and with scattered punctures over its whole surface. Stigma and veins of fore wing predominantly dark brown. Dorsal side of hind femur with inconspicuous shallow impression. Tibial spurs of hind leg yellowish and apically distinctly curved. Metasoma: Punctation of terga dense with interspaces rarely exceeding diameter of one puncture. Marginal zones of terga 1–5 narrowly reddish-brown and laterally covered with dense and short whitish hair bands except for tergum 5, which is apically beset with whitish ciliae. Apical margin of tergum 6 broadly yellowish-to reddish-brown, medially rounded and laterally with short tooth (Fig. 2). Tergum 7 widely triangular, only slightly surpassing apical margin of tergum 6 and predominantly yellowish- to reddish-brown (Fig. 2). Apical margin of sternum 1 straight. Sternum 2 preapically slightly bulged, its marginal zone translucent, medioapically very shallowly emarginate to straight and rather sparsely ciliated with long whitish hairs. Apical margins of sterna 3–4 widely emarginate and densely beset with very long, whitish and inwardly directed hairs. Apical margin of sternum 5 evenly rounded and sparsely ciliated with short whitish hairs. Sternum 6 medioapically with oval impression, its apical margin triangularly projecting and its base with pair of translucent flaps. Gonoforceps distinctly shorter than penis valve (Fig. 2). Penis valve apically widened, its apical third about twice as wide as median third (Fig. 2). FEMALE: Unknown. Distribution. Known so far only from the surroundings of Tazenakht (Drâa-Tafilalet region) and Layoune (Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra region) in southern Morocco. Pollen hosts. Unknown. Nesting biology. Unknown. Etymology. The species is dedicated to the German bee expert Mike Herrmann, who collected the paratype series on a joint bee excursion to southern Morocco., Published as part of Müller, Andreas, 2022, New Moroccan bee species of the tribe Osmiini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae), pp. 233-263 in Zootaxa 5188 (3) on pages 234-235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7091557

Coelioxys mandibularis NYLANDER, 1848, Mandibel-Kegelbiene N a c h w e i s: 21. Bez., Stammersdorf, Alte Schanze XII, N 48°19,00′, E 16°25,15′, 222 m SH, F&B-A15, 14.VIII.2017, 1♀, ldcHZ., Published as part of Zettel, Herbert, Ockermüller, Esther, Schoder, Sabine & Seyfert, Franz, 2022, Zur Verbreitung der Wildbien en (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Wien, Österreich, pp. 351-396 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 54 (1) on page 365, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7507600