Search

Osteoporosis is characterized by impaired bone mineralization and microarchitecture. An important protective factor is a high peak bone mass (PBM), attained in the second and third decade of life. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of hormonal and metabolic parameters on bone mineralization in young adult female patients. A total of 111 participants qualified for the study. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (L1–L4) and whole skeleton was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Hormonal parameters were determined: the concentrations of androstendione, dihydroepiandrosterone sulphate, testosterone, sex hormone binding protein, 17-OH-progesterone, folliculotropic hormone, estradiol, thyrotropic hormone, free thyroxine and cortisol. Metabolic parameters were also examined. The study showed a statistically significant correlation between bone mineral density and estradiol concentration and a negative relationship between cortisol concentration and the bone mineral density (BMD) Z-score of the lumbar spine. Sclerostin measurements taken during this study were not related to bone mineral density. It has been shown that the concentration of the hormones tested, even within the reference range, may affect bone mineralization. We suggest observing the follow-up of the menstrual cycles, as well as analyzing the results of test patients in an annual examination system. However, each clinical case should be considered individually. The sclerostin test is currently not useful in the clinical evaluation of bone mineralization in young adult women.

Introduction: Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFRT) is an emerging tool that not only works on musculoskeletal conditions but also improve vascular and metabolic health by using controlled exercise with blood flow occlusion. Research findings suggest that lowering blood pressure and maintaining glycaemic control can decrease the likelihood of complications related to diabetes. BFR combined with exercise is studied for its positive effects on managing diabetes and hypertension due to its impact on metabolism and hemodynamic. BFRT can thus be viewed as an upcoming novel technique for treating metabolic conditions like diabetes and hypertension for reaping better results. Aim: The current narrative review aims on exploring the effects of Blood flow restriction training BFRT for managing diabetes and hypertension. Materials and Methods: The databases probed were Google scholar, PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and Ovid from 2015-2024. The studies with both male and female individuals, age ranging from 18 to 75 and diagnosed with type 1/type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, using BFRT as a treatment technique were included. The selected studies were segregated and analysed further. Results: From 9997 initial studies, seven relevant ones were selected after duplicate removal. Among them, six studies focused on hypertension and one on diabetes mellitus and hypertension both collectively indicating a significant positive impact of BFRT on these conditions. Conclusion: BFRT has an effect on both systemic and metabolic parameters and hence can be looked up to as an advanced tool for treating both the conditions and managing diabetes and hypertension in a better way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new method to identify mass-forming pancreatic lymphoma and pancreatic carcinoma. • Based on 18F-FDG PET/CT, machine learning and radiomics methods were used. • PET/CT radiomics models can effectively differentiate between these two diseases. The objective of this study was to preliminarily assess the ability of metabolic parameters and radiomics derived from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) to distinguish mass-forming pancreatic lymphoma from pancreatic carcinoma using machine learning. A total of 88 lesions from 86 patients diagnosed as mass-forming pancreatic lymphoma or pancreatic carcinoma were included and randomly divided into a training set and a validation set at a 4-to-1 ratio. The segmentation of regions of interest was performed using ITK-SNAP software, PET metabolic parameters and radiomics features were extracted using 3Dslicer and PYTHON. Following the selection of optimal metabolic parameters and radiomics features, Logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF) models were constructed for PET metabolic parameters, CT radiomics, PET radiomics, and PET/CT radiomics. Model performance was assessed in terms of area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in both the training and validation sets. Strong discriminative ability observed in all models, with AUC values ranging from 0.727 to 0.978. The highest performance exhibited by the combined PET and CT radiomics features. AUC values for PET/CT radiomics models in the training set were LR 0.994, SVM 0.994, RF 0.989. In the validation set, AUC values were LR 0.909, SVM 0.883, RF 0.844. Machine learning models utilizing the metabolic parameters and radiomics of 18F-FDG PET/CT show promise in distinguishing between pancreatic carcinoma and mass-forming pancreatic lymphoma. Further validation on a larger cohort is necessary before practical implementation in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was planned to investigate the effect of zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and Fumonisin B1 (FB1) on blood metabolites, milk yield, estrous activity, pregnancy rate and uterine health in 486 heads of Holstein dairy cows. For this purpose, the data collected from the animals were divided into the four periods as follows: feeding with non-contaminated diet for 30 days (pre-contamination period), contaminated diet for 60 days (contamination period), contaminated diet supplemented with mycotoxin adsorbent for 30 days (adsorbent period) and the diet after removing the contaminated feedstuffs for 30 days (non-contamination period). Each feedstuff was analysed in contamination period and at the beginning of the non-contamination period to determine the presence or absence of ZEA, DON and FB1 in the diet. The blood metabolic profile was assessed in 21 animals in 1-10 days in milk, selected through cluster random sampling method while milk yield, estrous activity, pregnancy rate and prevalence of metritis/endometritis were compared among all four periods. The milk yield (P≤0.001) and milk fat (P≤0.05) in the contaminated period were low as compared to other periods. The concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyric acid (p≤0.001), non-esterified fatty acids (P≤0.05), gamma-glutamyl transferase (P≤0.05), and blood urea nitrogen (P≤0.001) parameters were significantly higher, while the glucose (P≤0.001) and triglycerides (P≤0.05) were lower in the contamination period, as compared to adsorbent and non-contamination periods. The pregnancy rate through artificial insemination decreased significantly during the contamination period (P≤0.05) as compared to pre-contamination period. The overall pregnancy rate in the pre-contamination period was also significantly decreased as compared to the adsorbent and non-contamination periods (P≤0.001). The percentage of type III anestrus were significantly lower during the non-contamination period (P≤0.05). The percentages of cows with metritis during the non-contamination period was significantly lower (p≤0.05) as compared to the contamination period. It was concluded that the routine feed analysis was necessary to determine the presence of ZEA, DON and FB1. Moreover, mycotoxin binder supplementation and/or removing contaminated feedstuffs from the diet under mycotoxicosis conditions may prevent the severe negative energy balance and improve the milk yield and fertility parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood obesity is a serious public health problem worldwide. The ENDORSE platform is an innovative software ecosystem based on Artificial Intelligence which consists of mobile applications for parents and health professionals, activity trackers, and mobile games for children. This study explores the impact of the ENDORSE platform on metabolic parameters associated with pediatric obesity and on the food parenting practices of the participating mothers. Therefore, the metabolic parameters of the 45 children (mean age: 10.42 years, 53% girls, 58% pubertal, mean baseline BMI z-score 2.83) who completed the ENDORSE study were evaluated. The Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire was used for the assessment of food parenting practices. Furthermore, regression analysis was used to investigate possible associations between BMI z-score changes and changes in metabolic parameters and food parenting practices. Overall, there was a statistically significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin (mean change = −0.10, p = 0.013), SGOT (mean change = −1.84, p = 0.011), and SGPT (mean change = −2.95, p = 0.022). Emotional feeding/food as reward decreased (mean change −0.21, p = 0.007) and healthy eating guidance increased (mean change = 0.11, p = 0.051). Linear regression analysis revealed that BMI z-score change had a robust and significant correlation with important metabolic parameters: HOMA-IR change (beta coefficient = 3.60, p-value = 0.046), SGPT change (beta coefficient = 11.90, p-value = 0.037), and cortisol change (beta coefficient = 9.96, p-value = 0.008). Furthermore, healthy eating guidance change had a robust negative relationship with BMI z-score change (beta coefficient = −0.29, p-value = 0.007). Conclusions: The Endorse digital weight management program improved several metabolic parameters and food parenting practices.

Context: The effect of baseline (B) and alteration of metabolic parameters (MPs), including plasma glucose (PG) testing, insulin resistance surrogates, and lipid profile and their mutual interactions on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has not been investigated systematically. Objective: To access the association of the past variability (V), past mean (M), and B values of various MPs and their mutual interaction with the risk of T2DM. Methods: A community-based, longitudinal analysis was conducted using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study comprising 3829 nondiabetic participants with completed MPs measurements during 3 biannually visits who were followed over the next 10 years. Outcomes included the incidence of T2DM during follow-up. Results: Among predictors, PG concentrations measured during the oral glucose tolerance test were the most prominent T2DM determinants, in which the M of the average value of fasting PG (FPG), 1-hour, and 2-hour PGs had the strongest discriminative power (hazard ratios and 95% CI for an increment of SD: 3.00 (2.5-3.26), AUC: 0.82). The M values of MPs were superior to their B and V values in predicting T2DM, especially among postload PGs. Various mutual interactions between indices and among MPs were found. The most consistent interactants were the M values of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the M and V values of FPG. The findings were similar in normal glucose tolerance participants and were confirmed by sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: Postload PG, past alteration of measurements, and mutual interactions among indices of MPs are important risk factors for T2DM development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sudden sens orineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a medical emergency, being mostly an idiopathic disease. Understanding the pathogenesis of SSNHL may help physicians for diagnosis and intervention. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate some metabolic and hematological parameters in patients with SSNHL and related them to their clinical condition. Patients and methods: The study was conducted on 50 patients with SSNHL and 20 age-matched and sex-matched controls. Both groups were subjected to audiological and laboratory evaluation of their fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, thyroid function test, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-lymphocyte ratio. Moreover, the relation between these laboratory parameters and the severity of hearing loss was studied. Results: By comparing patients with parameters in both groups, FBS, triglycerides (TG), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-lymphocyte ratio were found to be significantly increased in the patient group. Moreover, increased FBS, TG, and free thyroxine appeared to be related to the severity of the hearing loss. Conclusion: Hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyper-inflammatory state can be considered as risk factors in the pathogenesis of SSNHL. Moreover, increased serum levels of FBS, TG, and free thyroxine are closely associated with the severity of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to cartilage damage with mostly accompanied by metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin supplementation on metabolic parameters (lipid profile and glycemic indices), inflammatory factors, visfatin levels, and obesity values in women with RA. This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted on 48 women with RA. The patients were treated with curcumin (500 mg once a day) or placebo for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements, dietary intakes, and physical activity levels of subjects were collected at baseline and the end of the study. Curcumin supplementation significantly decreased homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum levels of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein and triglycerides, weight, body mass index, and waist circumference of patients compared with the placebo at the end of the study (p <.05 for all). HOMA‐IR and triglyceride levels significantly increased within the placebo group. Changes in fasting blood sugar, insulin, other lipids profile, and visfatin levels were not significant in any of the groups (p >.05). These results support the consumption of curcumin, as a part of an integrated approach to modulate metabolic factors, inflammation, and adiposity in women with RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was instigated by investigating the ameliorative potential of Ornipural® solution against the hepato-renal toxicity of malathion. A total number of 35 male Wistar albino rats were divided equally into five groups. Group 1 served as control and received normal saline intraperitoneally. Group 2, the sham group, were administered only corn oil (vehicle of malathion) orally. Group 3 was orally intoxicated by malathion in corn oil at a dose of 135 mg/kg BW via intra-gastric gavage. Group 4 received malathion orally concomitantly with Ornipural® intraperitoneally. Group 5 was given Ornipural® solution in saline via intraperitoneal injection at a dose of (1 mL/kg BW). Animals received the treatment regime for 30 days. Histopathological examination revealed the harmful effect of malathion on hepatic and renal tissue. The results showed that malathion induced a significant decrease in body weight and marked elevation in the activity of liver enzymes, LDH, and ACP. In contrast, the activity of AchE and Paraoxonase was markedly decreased. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the serum content of bilirubin, cholesterol, and kidney injury markers. A significant elevation in malondialdehyde, nitric oxide (nitrite), and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine was observed, along with a substantial reduction in antioxidant activity. Furthermore, malathion increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha, the upregulation of IL-1B, BAX, and IFN-β genes, and the downregulation of Nrf2, Bcl2, and HO-1 genes. Concurrent administration of Ornipural® with malathion attenuated the detrimental impact of malathion through ameliorating metabolic biomarkers, restoring antioxidant activity, reducing the inflammatory response, and improving pathologic microscopic alterations. It could be concluded that Ornipural® solution demonstrates hepatorenal defensive impacts against malathion toxicity at biochemical, antioxidants, molecular, and cellular levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malignant melanoma is one of the more aggressive cancers in the skin, with an increasing incidence every year. Melanoma has a better prognosis if diagnosed early and survival tends to decrease once the disease has metastasized. Positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) has been used extensively over the past two decades in staging and assessing responses to therapy in patients with melanoma. Metabolic PET parameters have been demonstrated to be independent prognostic factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in different malignancies, melanoma included. In our study, we evaluated the metabolic parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT (flourodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography) in predicting the overall survival in patients with malignant melanoma who presented for restaging. Metabolic PET parameters (maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG)) of the primary tumor, as well as whole-body MTV and TLG of the metastatic disease, were measured. Survival curves for OS were constructed and mortality rates were determined using the different PET variables. Forty-nine patients who presented for a PET/CT restaging in melanoma were included in this study. We found that non-survivors had significantly higher median MTV (11.86 cm3 vs. 5.68 cm3; p-value = 0.022), TLG (3125 vs. 14; p-value = 0.0357), whole-body MTV (53.9 cm3 vs. 14.4 cm3; p-value = 0.0076) and whole-body TLG (963.4 vs. 114.6; p-value = 0.0056). This demonstrated that high MTV and TLG values of the primary tumor and whole-body TLG as quantified by 18F-FDG PET/CT were prognostic factors for overall survival. The findings may potentially guide clinicians in decision making and identifying patients with a poorer prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy-dense western diet significantly increases the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular episodes, stroke, and cancer. Recently more attention has been paid to the contribution of an unhealthy lifestyle on the development of central nervous system disorders. Exposure to long-lasting stress is one of the key lifestyle modifications associated with the increased prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases. The main goal of the present study was to verify the hypothesis that exposure to chronic stress modifies alterations in the brain proteome induced by the western diet. Female adult rats were fed with the prepared chow reproducing the human western diet and/or subjected to chronic stress induced by social instability for 6 weeks. A control group of lean rats were fed with a standard diet. Being fed with the western diet resulted in an obese phenotype and induced changes in the serum metabolic parameters. The combination of the western diet and chronic stress exposure induced more profound changes in the rat cerebrocortical proteome profile than each of these factors individually. The down-regulation of proteins involved in neurotransmitter secretion (Rph3a, Snap25, Syn1) as well as in learning and memory processes (Map1a, Snap25, Tnr) were identified, while increased expression was detected for 14-3-3 protein gamma (Ywhag) engaged in the modulation of the insulin-signaling cascade in the brain. An analysis of the rat brain proteome reveals important changes that indicate that a combination of the western diet and stress exposure may lead to impairments of neuronal function and signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the anthropometric and metabolic parameters between normal and deficient Vitamin D PCOS women. Materials and Methods: All women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women were analyzed over a period of eighteen months from- May 2016 to October 2017. The study participants were divided into two groups as per 25(OH)D level. Those with 25(OH)D level

Objectives: The study was done experimentally to test the effect of diabetes on body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose. Methods: In the randomization performed, with 80 percent power, 80 people with Type 2 diabetes were found to be suitable for sampling. Personal data forms were filled in by conducting a face-to-face interview with both the experimental and control groups for randomization purposes. In the study, monitoring of BMI, LDL, HDL, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose were used as outcome measures. Parameters were monitored pre-trial and at the 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th months. Data from the experimental group were collected online while data belonging to the control group were collected by the researcher from patients⿿ medical records in the Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic. Repeated measures analysis of variance (rANOVA) was performed to analyze pre-trial, 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th-month data. Results: BMI, LDL, HDL, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting and postprandial blood glucose average of the experimental group at 12 months were proven to be ameliorated compared to the average values at the start of the study (month 0). Conclusions: The metabolic data of the experimental group, who had web-based diabetes education, significantly improved between the start of the study (month 0) and the 12th month. In this era of technology, the importance of web-based monitoring of diabetes patients was once again proven.

Background. Previous studies of the Truskavetsian Scientific School of Balneology have studied the effects of course use of bioactive water Naftussya - the main therapeutic factor of the spa - on plasma levels of thyroid hormones in males and females healthy rats and women with thyroid hyperplasia. In men with chronic cholecystitis, the immediate thyrotropic effects of a single use of Naftussya water have been studied. The aim of this study is thyrotropic effects of balneotherapy in Truskavets’ spa and their endocrine, vegetative and metabolic accompaniments in men and women with chronic cholecystitis and pyelonephritis. Materials and Methods. The object of clinical-physiological observation were 34 men (23-70 years) and 10 women (39-76 years), who underwent rehabilitation treatment of chronic cholecystitis and pyelonephritis in remission in the Truskavets’ spa. The examination was performed twice, before and after a 7-10-day course of balneotherapy. The main object of study was the plasma level of Triiodothyronine. We determined also content in plasma Cortisol, Aldosterone, Testosterone and Calcitonin as well as the parameters of the HRV and metabolism. Results. We find in 16 patients (12 men and 4 women) inhibitory thyrotropic effect, in 22 (16 men and 6 women) neutral, and in 6 men only – enhancing effect of balneotherapy. Each variant of the thyrotropic effect is accompanied by characteristic changes in testosteronemia, calcitoninemia, parathyroid activity, Heart Rate, Baevskiy’s Activity Regulatory Systems Index, HRV-markers of vagal tone, Calciemia as well as VLD and LD lipoproteins Cholesterol plasma. Conclusion. Our data confirmed and supplemented the provisions on the multivariate effects of balneotherapy in the spa of Truskavets’ on the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems and metabolism of patients.

This discovery study investigated in healthy subjects whether a short‐term cold exposure may alter circulating microRNAs and metabolic parameters and if co‐expression networks between these factors could be identified. This open randomized crossover (cold vs no cold exposure) study with blind end‐ point evaluation was conducted at 1 center with 10 healthy adult male volunteers. Wearing a cooling vest perfused at 14°C for 2 h reduced the local skin temperature without triggering shivering, increased norepinephrine and blood pressure while decreasing copeptin, C‐peptide and heart rate. Circulating microRNAs measured before and after wearing the cooling vest twice (4 time points) identified 196 mature microRNAs with excellent reproducibility over 72 h. Significant correlations of microRNA expression with copeptin, norepinephrine and C‐peptide were found. A co‐expression‐based microRNA‐microRNA network, as well as microRNA pairs displaying differential correlation as a function of temperature were also detected. This study demonstrates that circulating miRNAs are differentially expressed and coregulated upon cold exposure in humans, supporting their use as predictive and dynamic biomarkers of cardio‐metabolic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In recent decades, the world has witnessed a rapid rise in obesity, which has also become a problem in military health care systems. This study aimed to determine the changes in blood lipid profile, blood glucose levels, and anthropometric indices upon regular physical activity in obese men among military personnel. Material and Methods: This study involves quasi-experimental research conducted on 265 military personnel. The subjects underwent physical activities continuously for 2 months under coach supervision. The mean values of blood lipid and blood glucose profiles, as well as the anthropometric indices of these individuals before and after the study period, were compared. To make comparisons, the statistical t-test and standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval were used. Results: Results of this study indicate that after regular physical activity, the mean values of triglyceride levels [SMD=- 0.390, p<0.001], total cholesterol [SMD=-0.259, p=0.003], high-density lipoprotein [SMD=0.387, p<0.001], low-density lipoprotein [SMD=-0.369, p<0.001], and fasting blood sugar [SMD=-0.338, p<0.001] significantly decreased. Based on the test results, the weight [SMD=-0.218, p=0.013] and body mass index [SMD=-0.587, p<0.001] of the individuals had also decreased. Moreover, the waist circumference [SMD=-0.416, p<0.001], hip circumference [SMD=-0.249, p=0.005] and waist-to-hip ratio [SMD=-0.566, p<0.001] also showed a decrease. Conclusion: It is seen in this study that regular physical activity can improve anthropometric indices, blood glucose, and blood lipid profile. It is hence suggested that managers of organizations take adequate measures to encourage employees to exercise and participate in physical sports daily or even make it mandatory, if necessary, for administrative personnel who do not have any physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Steroid hormones in hormonal contraceptives influence a variety of metabolic parameters. Mainly, ethinyloestradiol (EE) in combined hormonal contraceptives (CHC) is a potent inducer of hepatic coagulation factors, has an impact on cholesterol and triglyceride levels and glucose tolerance. Progestins in CHC modify the oestrogen effects in different ways, depending on their pharmacologic properties. The metabolic impact of progestin-only contraceptives is generally considered low. Methods: The influence of novel drospirenone (DRSP)-only pill (4 mg DRSP in 24/4 intake) on a variety of lipid-, carbohydrate- and bone metabolic parameters and on haemostatic variables including clotting factors and D-Dimer level was evaluated in comparison to 0.075 mg desogestrel (DSG) during a multicentric, prospective, double-blind, double-dummy clinical trial with 1190 participants over nine treatment cycles. Results: For both DRSP and DSG, there was a decrease in cholesterol (total, HDL, and LDL) and triglyceride levels. No relevant influence on glucose, insulin, and c-peptide levels or bone remodelling markers were detected in both treatment groups. Considering the coagulatory parameters, there was no impact on hemostasis. Conclusions: The results confirm the beneficial properties of the drospirenone-only pill. EudraCT Number: 2011-002396-42 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Dietary fatty acids are important dietary determinants of metabolic disorders in human. However, it is important to develop an index that considers not only the amount of dietary fatty acids but also the structure, fluidity and melting point of them. In the current study we investigated the association between a novel dietary lipophilic index (LI) with metabolic profile and dyslipidemia in a community based study in Tabriz-Iran. Methods Dietary data were collected using a validated, 79-food item, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and dietary LI was calculated. Anthropometric variables were measured and metabolic profile including blood sugar, serum lipids and liver enzymes were assessed. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the adult treatment panel (ATP) III criteria. Results The mean age of the participants was 42.53 ± 12.03 years and most of the participants were women. Mean of dietary LI was 34.99 ± 6.91. Higher dietary LI was associated with higher body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.17, P

Il Ki Hong,1 Jeong Mi Lee,2 In Kyoung Hwang,2 Seung Sook Paik,2 Chanwoo Kim,3 Seung Hyeun Lee4 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; 3Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; 4Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaCorrespondence: Seung Hyeun Lee Email v3mann@naver.comPurpose: The clinical implications of the metabolic parameters of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated lung cancer are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic utility of the parameters in EGFR-mutated lung cancer patients.Patients and Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 134 patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma (72 EGFR-negative and 62 EGFR-positive). We evaluated the correlation between EGFR mutational status and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), as well as the associations between treatment outcomes in EGFR-mutated patients and various metabolic parameters of primary tumors. For the best predictive parameters, we calculated the metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) using two SUV cutoffs: 1.5 (MTV1.5, TLG1.5) and 2.5 (MTV2.5, TLG2.5).Results: Mean SUVmax was lower for EGFR-mutated tumors compared with EGFR wild-type (6.11 vs 10.41, p < 0.001) tumors. Low SUVmax was significantly associated with positive EGFR mutation (odds ratio = 1.74). Multivariate analysis for survival demonstrated that high MTV1.5, TLG1.5, MTV2.5, and TLG2.5 were independently associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and the highest hazard ratios were found in TLG1.5 (3.26 for PFS and 4.62 for OS).Conclusion: SUVmax may be predictive for EGFR mutational status, and MTV and TLG of primary tumors may be promising prognostic parameters; 18F-FDG PET/CT has potential utility for the risk stratification of EGFR-mutated patients treated with targeted therapy.Keywords: lung cancer, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography, epidermal growth factor receptor mutation, survival, metabolic parameters

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to examine the relationship between severity of liver steatosis and metabolic parameters in a sample of Iranian adults. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 95 subjects aged > 20 years newly diagnosed with NAFLD were recruited. NAFLD was diagnosed using ultrasonography by a single expert radiologist in a fasting state. Results The mean age of the patients was 49.27 (SD 9.7) years, with 53.68% males and 46.32% females. Most patients had grade I NAFLD (72.63%), 25.26% were grade II, and 2.11% were grade III on ultrasonography. With increasing severity of liver steatosis, there were statistically significant increases in mean body mass index (P = 0.001), serum triglycerides (P = 0.026), alanine aminotransferase (P

Background: The associations between psoriasis, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular events are increasingly recognized. Studies have shown decreased cardiovascular events with the treatment of methotrexate and anti-tumor necrosis factor-α. However, effects of interleukin (IL)-12/23 blockade remain debatable. Objectives: Our study sought to investigate the effect of IL-12/23 blockade on the metabolic parameters in patients with psoriasis. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study to assess 93 consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe plaque-type psoriasis who received IL-12/23 blockade (ustekinumab) for 24 weeks between January 2012 and May 2016. Results: Metabolic parameters and disease activity (psoriasis area severity index score) at baseline and 24 weeks of treatment were collected. At week 24 (wk24), the disease activity improved significantly (mean: baseline, wk0: 21.35 ± 11.55 to wk24: 6.87 ± 6.81, P < 0.0001), with a significant reduction of erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Conversely, body mass index was significantly elevated in PASI-75 responders at wk24 of treatment and was independent of disease severity. Fasting sugar and triglyceride level were elevated at wk24. Cholesterol (Chol), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) remained unchanged. These metabolic parameters were not correlated with the improvement in disease severity after ustekinumab treatment. Nonetheless, the atherogenic index, LDL/HDL ratio, and Chol/HDL ratio remained unchanged. Male gender is a predictor of elevated plasma triglyceride level. Conclusion: Our results suggest that despite tremendous improvement in disease activity after ustekinumab treatment, obesity, fasting sugar, and hypertriglyceridemia are still present in these patients. Regular screening of lipid profile and obesity control is advised during the treatment of ustekinumab, especially in male psoriasis patients with predisposing cardiovascular risks.

Obesity and diabetes are associated with severe outcomes of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been proven protective against infection and severe COVID-19. However, the immune response of metabolically burdened individuals to the vaccines remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to assess whether the metabolic status of individuals affects their humoral immune responses to the vaccination. Moreover, we evaluated whether the interval between the first two doses influenced antibody concentration. Sixty-seven individuals (21 males, 46 females) were vaccinated with the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Fifty-four individuals were vaccinated with the second dose after 3 weeks and 13 after 5 weeks. We measured the antibody titers in all participants during the 19-week follow-up period. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were excluded. In the 5-week interval group, a significantly higher level of maximal antibody titers was observed. However, there were no differences in antibody concentrations after 19 weeks and no significant correlation between cardiometabolic factors and humoral response. The elongation of second-dose timing to 5 weeks leads to a higher acute antibody response but does not change long-term levels of antibody titers. Moreover, dysregulation of metabolic parameters does not lead to a diminished immune response to vaccination.

Introduction. Low plasma levels of 25-OH vitamin D (25(OH)D) have been associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension. The purpose of the research was to establish the association of clinical and metabolic parameters, Ca2+, parathormone and serum 25(OH)D concentration in hypertensive patients in the West-Ukrainian population. Material and method. 100 subjects with essential arterial hypertension (EAH) and target-organ damaging (2nd stage), moderate, high, very high cardiovascular risk were involved in the case-control study. Among them, 70,84% females, 29,16% males, mean age 57,86±7,81 yo. The control group consisted of 60 healthy individuals. All recruited patients were examined for heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP); SCORE, BMI, waist and hip circumference (WC, HC); lipid panel, serum glucose and ionized calcium, 25(OH)D, parathormone levels were studied. Patients were divided into groups depending on total serum 25(OH)D concentration. Results. Low 25(OH)D concentration (5,0%. We found higher SBP and DBP by 9,12% (р=0,014) and 5,17% (р=0,047), higher BMI in men and women – by 20-28,11% (р

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare pediatric cancer. Most children are first diagnosed with advanced locoregional disease. Identification of patients at higher risk of treatment failure is crucial as they may benefit from more aggressive initial treatment approaches. 18 Fluorine-labeled fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography ( 18 F-FDG PET) has shown promise as a prognostic tool for predicting outcomes., Methods: Retrospective study of pediatric patients with locally advanced undifferentiated NPC who underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT prior to intial treatment. Predictive significance of metabolic PET parameters on survival outcomes were estimated., Results: Thirty-two children were included, age range was 7.1-18 years at the time of diagnosis. The median follow-up duration was 46.1 months. Three patients (9.4%) were classified as AJCC stage IIb, 13 patients (40.6%) as stage IIIa, eight patients (25%) as stage IIIb, and eight patients (25%) as stage IVa. Our findings revealed that high whole-body metabolic tumor volume at the threshold of hepatic reference SUV mean (WB-MTV-HR) (>135 mL) was associated with significantly lower event-free survival (EFS) compared to the low WB-MTV-HR group (≤135 mL) (3-year EFS: 50% ± 18% vs. 82% ± 8%; p = .015). Additionally, the 3-year overall survival (OS) rates differed significantly between the high whole-body metabolic tumor volume at the threshold of an SUV of 2.5 isocontour (WB-MTV-2.5) group (MTV >74 mL) and the low WB-MTV-2.5 group (MTV ≤74 mL) (63% ± 18% vs. 100%; p = .021)., Conclusion: Our study suggests that WB-MTV parameters could serve as significant prognostic factors for disease progression in pediatric patients with locally advanced undifferentiated NPC. However, further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these findings., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: Resistin is a proinflammatory adipokine involved in metabolic disorders. Its interplay with hypertriglyceridemia remains to be elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between resistin (−420C/G) single nucleotide variant (SNV) and metabolic parameters and preference for fried food consumption in hypertriglyceridemia. Methods: The study enrolled 179 hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) and 182 normotriglyceridemic (NTG) patients. Anthropometric measurements, serum resistin, insulin and fasting glucose concentration, a homeostatic model assessment—insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol concentration, and fried food taste preference (FP) or other cooking methods preference (OP) were assessed in the study. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: HTG and NTG groups did not differ significantly in serum resistin concentration; HTG individuals demonstrated significantly increased serum levels of TG, glucose, total cholesterol (TCH), and HOMA-IR and decreased HDL cholesterol. Resistin, insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, and cholesterol fractions were similar among particular resistin genotypes in HTG, NTG, FP, or OP groups. TG and TCH concentrations differ significantly among CG and CC genotypes in the FP group. Considering the FP group, GG and CG genotypes appeared more frequently in hyperlipidemic (OR 2.6 95% CI; 1.16–5.82; p = 0.01; significant after Bonferroni correction) than in NTG patients. Multivariable logistic regression models showed that the G allele and CG genotype of SNV (−420C/G), adjusted for selected confounders such as fried food preference, increased the odds of hypertriglyceridemia about twofold. Conclusions: Allele G and CG genotype of resistin SNV (−420C/G) are linked with the preference for fried food taste in hypertriglyceridemic patients.

Background: The blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect of sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) is greater than that of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) but in in real-world clinical practice, Sac/Val is used in a variety of patterns other than switching from ARBs. In the present study we investigated the effects of Sac/Val on BP and biochemical parameters when switching from or adding it to various antihypertensive drugs and examined what factors could be predictors of the antihypertensive effect of Sac/Val. Methods and Results: In 108 hypertensive patients treated with antihypertensive agents (including 4 naïve cases), clinic BP and various biochemical parameters were assessed before and after switching to/adding Sac/Val (200 mg/day). Systolic and diastolic BPs significantly decreased after treatment with Sac/Val (P<0.0001, respectively). As for biochemical parameters, alanine aminotransferase, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and uric acid significantly decreased after administration of Sac/Val, but renal function, B-type natriuretic peptide, and plasma renin activity (PRA) did not change before or after treatment with Sac/Val. Multiple regression analysis revealed that low PRA and high baseline systolic BP were independent determinants of systolic BP reduction after Sac/Val treatment. Conclusions: Sac/Val is beneficial for poorly controlled hypertension in daily clinical practice and low PRA may be a predictor of the antihypertensive effect of switching to/adding Sac/Val., Competing Interests: T. Horio received personal fees for lectures from Novartis Pharma and Otsuka Pharmaceutical. D.F. received personal fees for lectures from Novartis Pharma and Otsuka Pharmaceutical, and received a scholarship grant from Otsuka Pharmaceutical. M.Y. is a member of Circulation Reports’ Editorial Team. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024, THE JAPANESE CIRCULATION SOCIETY.)

Background: Although the prevalence of HUA is increasing, epidemiologic studies on HUA in the middle-aged and elderly population are limited. The present study aimed to calculate the prevalence and evaluate the sex-related associations between metabolic parameters and hyperuricemia (HUA) among middle-aged and elderly adults., Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study from 2018 to 2019 in rural areas of Nakhon Nayok Province, Thailand. We enrolled 780 subjects aged 40 yr and over for health check-ups and examination surveys. The age-standardized prevalence of HUA was estimated by the direct method. A multiple logistic regression was performed to identify the potential risk factors associated with HUA., Results: The prevalence of HUA were 30.9% (42% in males vs. 20% in females). Elderly adults were associated with a 35% increase in the risk of HUA. Obesity was found to be strongly associated with an increased prevalence of HUA in both sexes. Hypertriglyceridemia (51% increase in males vs. 23% increase in females), and high fasting glucose (90% increase in males vs. 49% increase in females) were also associated risk factors for HUA in both sexes. However, low high-density lipoprotein was only associated with a 67% increase in the risk of HUA in females., Conclusion: The age-standardized prevalence of HUA among females is relatively lower than in males. This study also revealed that obesity is strongly associated with HUA in both sexes., (Copyright© 2024 Suwanchatchai et al. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.)

Background: Anemia and electrolyte disturbances are adverse outcomes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study explored the association between metabolic parameters with anemia and electrolyte and mineral disorders among CKD patients in Taiwan.Methods: This cross-sectional study with a total of 2176 CKD stages 3-5 patients were collected from the Department of Nephrology at Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University through the "Chronic Kidney Disease Common Care Network" database from December 2008 to April 2019. A multivariable-adjusted logistic regression expressed as odd ratios (OR) was performed to assess the association of metabolic parameters with anemia and electrolyte and mineral disorders.Results: Elevated diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were associated with presence of anemia. Similarly, elevated fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were associated with hyponatremia (OR = 1.59 and 1.58, P for both < 0.01) and hypercalcemia (OR = 1.38 and 1.33, P for both < 0.05). There was no significant association in serum lipid levels with presence of anemia. However, total triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were only associated with presence of hypercalcemia (OR = 1.43, 1.95 and 3.08, respectively, P for all < 0.05).Conclusions: Elevated diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c and blood lipids are associated with anemia or electrolyte and mineral disorders in CKD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. Flavonoids, a group of natural compounds, have garnered a great deal of attention in the management of NAFLD because of their profitable effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress which are the pivotal pathophysiological pathways in NAFLD. Naringenin is a citrus-derived flavonoid with a broad spectrum of potential biological effects including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may exert protective effects against NAFLD. The present clinical trial aims to examine the efficacy of naringenin supplementation on plasma adiponectin and neurogulin-4 (NRG-4) concentrations, metabolic parameters, and liver function indices in overweight/obese patients with NAFLD.Methods and Analysis: This is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study that will investigate the impacts of naringenin supplementation in overweight/obese patients with NAFLD. Liver ultrasonography will be applied to diagnose NAFLD. Forty-four eligible overweight/obese subjects with NAFLD will be selected and randomly assigned to receive naringenin capsules or identical placebo (each capsule contains 100 mg of naringenin or cellulose), twice daily for 4 weeks. Participants will be asked to remain on their usual diet and physical activity. Safety of naringenin supplementation was confirmed by the study pharmacist. The primary outcome of this study is changes in adiponectin circulating levels. The secondary outcomes include changes in NRG-4 levels, liver function indices, metabolic parameters, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, and hematological parameters. Statistical analysis will be conducted using the SPSS software (version 25), and P value less than 0.05 will be regarded as statistically significant.Discussion: We hypothesize that naringenin administration may be useful for treating NAFLD by modulating energy balance, glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation through different mechanisms. The current trial will exhibit the effects of naringenin, whether negative or positive, on NAFLD status.Ethical Aspects: The current trial received approval from the Medical Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (IR.TUMS.MEDICNE.REC.1399.439).Trial Registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT201311250155336N12 . Registered on 6 June 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effect of dynamic changes in metabolic parameters over time on the development of depression has yet to be examined. In this study, we aimed to determine the association between the variability of metabolic parameters and the development of depression using nationally representative data.Methods: We used health examination data provided by the South Korean National Health Insurance System (NHIS) and included those who underwent the examination ≥ 3 times within five years of enrollment, without a previous history of depression (n = 9,058,424). The variability of each metabolic parameter including weight circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels was estimated using variability independent of mean (VIM) indices. High variability was defined as the highest quartile (Q4) of variability.Results: Each metabolic parameter with high variability was associated with a higher risk of newly diagnosed depression compared to those with low variability, after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, regular exercise, income status, baseline diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. As the number of highly variable metabolic parameters increased, the risk for newly diagnosed depression increased even after adjusting for the aforementioned covariates (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3 - 1.4 in those with five highly variable parameters compared to those with no highly variable parameter).Limitations: relatively short observation period; no systematic measure of depression severity.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the variability of metabolic parameters is an independent risk factor for depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the effects of metreleptin in distinct subgroups of patients with generalized lipodystrophy (GL) and partial lipodystrophy (PL), using multivariate linear regression modeling to account for the role of patients' baseline usage of concomitant glucose and lipid-lowering medications and other covariates on their outcomes. A post-hoc statistical analysis of two published single-arm, interventional, phase 2 clinical trials at NIH was conducted. Concomitant medication use was assessed for the clinical trial population using prescription fill data, measured at baseline and the post-one year following metreleptin initiation. Pre-specified co-primary efficacy endpoints measured were change from baseline in HbA1c at month 12, and the percent change from baseline in fasting serum triglycerides (TG) at month 12. Descriptive and statistical analyses were conducted for the overall population, the separate populations with GL and PL, and additional PL subgroups defined by baseline metabolic markers of elevated HbA1c and elevated fasting TG. As previously reported, improvement in HbA1c and fasting TG from baseline to 12 months on metreleptin were observed in the overall population (mean change −1.57 percentage points and median change −37.9%, respectively) and subgroups. For both HbA1c and TG, baseline levels were significant predictors of changes after metreleptin. After considering baseline characteristics such as disease type, age, sex, and baseline HbA1c, baseline insulin use was not found to be a significant predictor of HbA1c improvement following metreleptin initiation. Similar results were seen for TG levels, with the use of any lipid-lowering medications at baseline not found to be a significant predictor of reductions in fasting TG levels. Patients treated with metreleptin experienced statistically significant improvement in metabolic markers of glycemic and hypertriglyceridemic control—e.g. HbA1c and triglyceride levels—across various subgroups after controlling for baseline characteristics and concomitant medication usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the relationships between metabolic parameters, acute-phase proteins, and the outcome of treatment of Staphylococcus aureus subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. Serum metabolic parameters and milk haptoglobin were measured in two groups: S. aureus subclinical mastitis cows with successful treatment (n = 26) and S. aureus subclinical mastitis cows with unsuccessful treatment (n = 26). Significantly higher serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and LDL cholesterol concentrations were seen in subclinical mastitis cows with unsuccessful treatment compared to subclinical mastitis cows with successful treatment (p < 0.05). On the other hand, subclinical mastitis cows with successful treatment demonstrated higher serum iron and copper concentrations than the other group (p < 0.05). Comparison of measured variables before treatment revealed that cows suffering from subclinical mastitis with higher values of serum LDL cholesterol, ALP, and AST did not respond to antibiotic treatment and subclinical mastitis was persisted in the second examination, whereas subclinical mastitis cows with successful treatment demonstrated higher serum copper and iron concentrations (p < 0.05). The findings of the current investigation suggested that there was a relationship between the treatment outcome of S. aureus subclinical mastitis and trace element concentrations and liver health status. Furthermore, the present study provided cutoff values for serum LDL cholesterol, AST, ALP, iron, and copper, which would help predict the treatment outcome in cows with S. aureus subclinical mastitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of measures reflecting the intensity of metabolic processes were studied in rats after i.p. injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 μg/kg) at the end of a single long-lasting stress load in a 24-h restraint model. The volumes of oxygen consumed and cardon dioxide exhaled and the level of heat production were measured using a Phenomaster automated modular system (TSE Systems GmbH, Germany) at 3 h, 1 day, and 8 days after exposure. These metabolic parameters were found to increase 1 day after restraint stress in animals given physiological saline. These changes illustrate intensification of metabolic processes in rats at different times after experimental stress. These alterations persisted even into the long-term period after stress exposure and were present on study day 8. Individuals given LPS showed increased oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production on day 1 of the poststress period, along with an increase in heat exchange. On day 8 after stress with subsequent immune modulation, metabolic parameters in rats decreased such that they were no different from those in intact animals. Thus, antigenic exposure by systemic administration of LPS had no effect on stress-induced activation of metabolic processes at the early stages of the study period but prevented stable increases in the intensity of metabolism in the long-term poststress period. These results, along with previously published data, suggest that the effects of LPS, which has immunoactive properties, are linked with its modulatory action on neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating homeostasis in mammals, particularly on exposure to stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maternal nutrition status plays an important role in the development of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), but its direct evidence is lacking. This study compared a standard chow with a semi-purified energy-dense (E-dense) diet on birth and metabolic outcomes in rats after ethanol (EtOH) consumption during pregnancy. Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were randomised into four groups: chow (n 6), chow + EtOH (20 %, v/v) (n 7), E-dense (n 6) and E-dense + EtOH (n 8). Birth outcomes including litter size, body and organ weights were collected. Metabolic parameters were measured in dams and pups at postnatal day (PD) 7. Maternal EtOH consumption decreased body weights (P < 0·0001) and litter sizes (P < 0·05) in chow-fed dams. At PD7, pups born to dams fed the E-dense diet had higher body (P < 0·002) and liver weights (P < 0·0001). These pups also had higher plasma total cholesterol (P < 0·0001), TAG (P < 0·003) and alanine aminotransferase (P < 0·03) compared with those from chow-fed dams. Dams fed the E-dense diet had higher plasma total (P < 0·0001) and HDL-cholesterol (P < 0·0001) and lower glucose (P < 0·0001). EtOH increased total cholesterol (P < 0·03) and glucose (P < 0·05) only in dams fed the E-dense diet. Maternal exposure to the E-dense diet attenuated prenatal EtOH-induced weight loss and produced different metabolic outcomes in both dams and pups. While the long-lasting effects of these outcomes are unknown, this study highlights the importance of maternal diet quality for maternal health and infant growth and suggests that maternal nutrition intervention may be a potential target for alleviating FASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative delayed diuretic 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) imaging in patients with bladder cancer. Methods. The clinical data and preoperative delayed diuretic 18F-FDG PET/CT images of 104 bladder cancer patients who received radical cystectomy (RC) from 2016 to 2018 at Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnostic ability and optimal boundary values of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), tumor metabolic volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were obtained by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Patients were divided into high SUVmax group (n=53) and low SUVmax group (n=51), high MTV group (n=52)and low MTV group (n=52), high TLG group (n=67) and low TLG group (n=37). The correlation between PET/CT metabolic parameters and clinical data was analyzed by chi-square test. Survival curves were drawn by Kaplan-Meier method and tested by Log-rank method. The prognostic value of metabolic parameters was evaluated by Cox regression model. Results. MTV (P=0.000) and TLG (P=0.000) had diagnostic abilities for postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer. Preoperative treatment (P=0.033) and T stage of tumor (P=0.035) were correlated with MTV, while neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P=0.026), hemoglobin (P=0.004), albumin (P=0.021), preoperative treatment (P=0.015) and T stage (P=0.015) were related to TLG. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that lymph node metastasis (HR=2.433, P=0.016) and TLG (HR=4.499, P=0.000) were independent prognostic factors of progression-free survival (PFS), while preoperative treatment (HR=0.220, P=0.014) and TLG (HR=7.107,P=0.013) were independent predictors of overall survival (OS). Conclusion. Delayed diuretic 18F-FDG PET/CT before RC can predict the postoperative survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have identified social jetlag (SJL) as a risk factor for non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCDs), but its association with metabolic control over time is unclear in the literature. Therefore, we examined the influence of SJL on metabolic parameters and blood pressure (BP) in patients with NCCDs over a 1-year follow-up. This retrospective, longitudinal study included 625 individuals (age: 56.0 + 12.0 years; 76% female) with NCCDs [type 2 diabetes mellitus (TD2), systemic arterial hypertension (SHA), obesity, or dyslipidemia]. SJL was calculated based on the absolute difference between mid-sleep time on weekends and weekdays. Current metabolic parameters and BP of the patients were compared with data from a year prior. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the association among SJL, metabolic parameters, and BP. Multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for confounders showed that SJL was positively associated with the delta difference of fasting glucose (β = 0.11, p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (β = 0.09, p = 0.04) among all subjects with NCCDs, and with fasting glucose (β = 0.30, p = 0.0001) and triglyceride levels (β = 0.22, p = 0.01) in the TD2 group. GEE analysis demonstrated an isolated effect of SJL on diastolic BP. High SJL impaired clinical and metabolic control in individuals with NCCDs, leading to a worse profile after a 1-year follow-up, particularly among type II diabetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between glucose effectiveness (Sg) and some metabolic parameters in male and female young Japanese. Methods: We measured plasma glucose and immunoreactive insulin levels in 1309 young Japanese persons (age <40 years) with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) before and at 30, 60, and 120 min during a 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test. We also measured serum adiponectin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels and oral glucose effectiveness (SgIO), and investigated factors related to SgIO. Results: The results of Spearman correlation analysis revealed that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and adiponectin were positively correlated with SgIO, whereas the proportion of males, body mass index, waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides (TG), and hsCRP were inversely correlated with SgIO. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated negative correlations between SgIO and the proportion of males, WC, and SBP and a positive correlation with HDL. The results of multiple regression analysis excluding WC indicated negative correlations between SgIO and the proportion of males, SBP, and TG and positive correlations with HDL and adiponectin. Conclusions: Sg decreased with a subtle worsening of metabolic parameters, even in young persons with NGT. Decreased Sg may be involved in the development of glucose intolerance in individuals with worse metabolic parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have identified social jetlag (SJL) as a risk factor for non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCDs), but its association with metabolic control over time is unclear in the literature. Therefore, we examined the influence of SJL on metabolic parameters and blood pressure (BP) in patients with NCCDs over a 1-year follow-up. This retrospective, longitudinal study included 625 individuals (age: 56.0 +12.0 years; 76% female) with NCCDs [type 2 diabetes mellitus (TD2), systemic arterial hypertension (SHA), obesity, or dyslipidemia]. SJL was calculated based on the absolute difference between mid-sleep time on weekends and weekdays. Current metabolic parameters and BP of the patients were compared with data from a year prior. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the association among SJL, metabolic parameters, and BP. Multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for confounders showed that SJL was positively associated with the delta difference of fasting glucose (β = 0.11, p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (β = 0.09, p = 0.04) among all subjects with NCCDs, and with fasting glucose (β = 0.30, p = 0.0001) and triglyceride levels (β = 0.22, p = 0.01) in the TD2 group. GEE analysis demonstrated an isolated effect of SJL on diastolic BP. High SJL impaired clinical and metabolic control in individuals with NCCDs, leading to a worse profile after a 1-year follow-up, particularly among type II diabetics.

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is an interaction between pepper extract (PE) supplementation and evaporative cooling regimens on the performance, thermal comfort, and metabolism of lactating cows. The experiment was designed as a double 4 × 4 Latin square using eight multiparous Holstein cows (days in milk 147 ± 43.8 days). Treatments were a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement; two evaporative cooling regimens [sprinkler cycles of 30 s on and 4.5 min off (R5) and 30 s on and 9.5 min off (R10)] were combined with no inclusion of pepper extract (CT) or 800 mg/cow daily of PE. The inclusion of PE allowed a greater reduction in the surface temperature of the coat, and the cows remained for longer periods in the feeding area. There was an interaction between the use of PE and the climate regimen for surface temperature, which was lower for PER5. Cows experiencing greater intermittency in the spraying cycles (R10) spent 35% more time at the feeding area. A significant interaction was observed for milk production, with greater production for CTR5 compared to the other treatments. The feed efficiency for R5 was higher than that for R10. The R5 treatment combined with PE reduced water intake. There was no significant difference in serum parameters other than gamma-glutamyl transferase, with an interaction between treatments and greater activity for PER10, and total protein and albumin, which had cooling effects that were higher for R10. The two factors tested interfered in different and dissociated ways. The evaporative cooling strategies were effective, and the R5 treatment resulted in higher feed efficiency and milk production. The inclusion of PE enhanced heat reduction in cows when they were subjected to a cooling regime.

A ketogenic diet characterized by high fat and low carbohydrate can drive the body to produce a large number of ketone bodies, altering human metabolism. Unlike normal cells, tumor cells have difficulty in consuming ketone bodies. Therefore, the application of ketogenic diets in cancer therapy is gaining attention. However, the effect of ketogenic diets on body parameters of cancer patients is not well established. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the effects of ketogenic diets on cancer patients in earlier controlled trials. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for clinical trials that enrolled cancer patients who received ketogenic diets intervention. Ten controlled trials were included in this meta-analysis. Data were extracted and checked by three authors independently. Pooled effect sizes revealed a significant effect of ketogenic diets on body weight (SMD −1.83, 95% CI −2.30 to −1.35; p < 0.00001) and fat mass (SMD −1.52, 95% CI −1.92 to −1.07; p < 0.00001). No significant effect on blood glucose, insulin, or lipid profile except triglycerides was found in the analysis. It had no effect on liver and kidney function except that GGT were decreased a little. There were no significant changes in IGF-1 and TNF-α related to tumor growth. Mental health improvement of cancer patients was supported by several trials. Taken together, findings in this study confirmed that the ketogenic diet was a safe approach for cancer patients reducing body weight and fat mass. In addition, cancer treatment-related indicators changed insignificantly. Ketogenic diets may be beneficial to the quality of life of cancer patients. However, intervention duration in most studies is shorter than 6 months, and the effect of a long-term ketogenic diet is still required further validation. More trials with a larger sample size are necessary to give a more conclusive result; PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021277559.

Background: This study investigated the differences in exercise self-efficacy, compliance, and effectiveness of home-based exercise in individuals with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: One hundred and ten individuals at risk for diabetes participated in this study. Subjects were categorized into individuals with MetS and individuals without MetS. Metabolic risk factors and exercise self-efficacy were evaluated for all subjects before and after 3 months of home-based exercise. Univariate analysis of variance was used to compare the effectiveness of a home-based exercise program between individuals with and without MetS. Results: The home-based exercise program improved body mass index and lipid profile in individuals at risk for diabetes, regardless of MetS status at baseline. Individuals without MetS had higher exercise self-efficacy at baseline and performed greater exercise volume compared with individuals with MetS during the intervention. The increased exercise volume in individuals without MetS may contribute to their better control of insulin resistance than individuals with MetS. Furthermore, baseline exercise self-efficacy was correlated with exercise volume executed by subjects at home. Conclusions: We conclude that home-based exercise programs are beneficial for individuals at risk for diabetes. However, more intensive and/or supervised exercise intervention may be needed for those with MetS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Pleomorphic lung carcinoma (PLC) is a rare histotype of lung cancer. • PLC is characterized by aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis. • 18F-FDG PET/CT can be helpful in stratification of patients. • Metabolic parameters such as SUVmax, MTV and TLG provide additional information. Pleomorphic lung carcinoma (PLC) is a rare histotype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) characterized by aggressive clinical course, poor response to therapy and poor prognosis. Therefore, aim of our study is to analyze with 18F-FDG PET/CT a subset of patients affected by PLC to evaluate their metabolic characteristics in terms of SUVmax, MTV and TLG, in order to correlate them with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). We retrospectively analyzed 49 consecutive patients with histologically defined PLC occurred to our Institution between 2003 and 2014. All patients underwent F18-FDG PET-CT before surgery and primary tumor was automatically segmented using an isocontour threshold method. SUV threshold for tumor segmentation was defined as the 41 % of lesion SUVmax. Total volume of the segmented VOI (MTV, centimeters cubed) and average SUV (SUVavg, grams per milliliter) in the segmented VOI were measured. In our population men were significantly more affected than women (42:7). According to Youden criteria, SUVmax, MTV41 and TLG41 best cut-off values to predict 2-year mortality were, 18.95, 27.89 and 290.45, respectively, with TLG41 showing best specificity (85 %) and positive predictive value (82.4 %). As concerning 2-year recurrence, SUVmax, MTV41 and TLG41 best cut-off values were 10.08, 27.89 and 134.85, with SUVmax showing best sensitivity (96.7 %) and negative predictive value (85.7 %). ROC curves confirmed that SUVmax, MTV41 and TLG41 were equally accurate to predict 2-year mortality and 2-year recurrence in our population. Metabolic biomarkers such as SUVmax, MTV and TLG can be used as a prognostic index for disease progression, recurrence and death in patients with PLC, independently from other clinical/pathological prognostic elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Examine the effect of fasting during Ramadan on kidney functions in patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: The study was conducted on 130 patients with stage III-IV chronic kidney disease (CKD), who were admitted to the Ordu University nephrology polyclinic during the month before Ramadan and one month after Ramadan in 2019. Blood samples were taken in the morning after 12 hours of fasting. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between BUN in the fasting group before and after the month of Ramadan. The median BUN before Ramadan was 26.65 mg/dl, the median after Ramadan was 24.05 mg/dl (p=0.004). There was a statistically significant difference between the nonfasting groups before and after Ramadan with respect to creatinine level. Median creatinine before Ramadan was 1.69 mg/dl, and the median after Ramadan was 1.86 mg/dl (p <0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the fasting groups before and after Ramadan with respect to creatinine levels. Fasting group, the median before Ramadan was 1.5 mg/dl, and the median after Ramadan was 1.42 mg/dl (p = 0.038). The impact of independent variable of fasting, using linear regression was found to be statistically significant (ppost-<0.001). The eGFR was 14.826 points higher in those who fasted after Ramadan than in those who did not. Conclusion: Fasting during the month of Ramadan does not deteriorate kidney functions and even leads to a moderate improvement in kidney functions. Taking these results into consideration, fasting may be advised for patients with stage III-IV CKD who want to fast and remain in stable condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

aims to explore factors influencing metabolic and volumetric parameters of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) imaging in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the predictive value for prognosis of NSCLC. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on 133 NSCLC patients who received 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. After 18F-FDG injection at 3.7 MBq/kg, 1 h early imaging and 2 h delayed imaging were performed. The metabolic and volumetric parameters such as SUVmax, SUVpeak, SULmax, SULpeak, MTV and TLG were measured. The tumor markers including CFYRA21-1, NSE, SCC-ag and the immunohistochemical biomarkers including Ki-67, P53 and CK-7 were examined. All patients were followed up for 24 months, and the 1-year and 2-year overall survival rate (OS) were recorded. Results: There were significant differences in metabolic and volumetric parameters (SUVmax, SUVpeak, SULmax, SULpeak and TLG) between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of NSCLC. SUVmax, SUVpeak, SULmax, SULpeak, MTV and TLG were correlated with tumor marker NSE and TNM stage. MTV and TLG were related to CYFRA21-1, and only MTV was associated with SCC-ag. SUVpeak and SULmax were related to P53. In addition, early SULpeak and delayed MTV were significant prognostic factors of 1-year OS, while early SUVpeak, delayed TLG and delayed MTV were predictive factors of 2-year OS in NSCLC. Conclusion: The metabolic and volumetric parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT were related to a variety of factors such as NSE, CFYRA21-1, SCC-ag, P53 and TNM stage, and have a predictive value in prognosis of NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combination of liver and heart dysfunction worsens the prognosis of human survival. The aim of this study was to investigate whether empagliflozin (a sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitor) has beneficial effects not only on cardiac and renal function but also on hepatic function. Adult (6-month-old) male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were fed a high-fat diet (60% fat) for four months to induce hepatic steatosis and mild heart failure. For the last two months, the rats were treated with empagliflozin (empa, 10 mg.kg-1.day-1 in the drinking water). Renal function and oral glucose tolerance test were analyzed in control (n=8), high-fat diet (SHR+HF, n=10), and empagliflozin-treated (SHR+HF+empa, n=9) SHR throughout the study. Metabolic parameters and echocardiography were evaluated at the end of the experiment. High-fat diet feeding increased body weight and visceral adiposity, liver triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, and worsened glucose tolerance. Although the high-fat diet did not affect renal function, it significantly worsened cardiac function in a subset of SHR rats. Empagliflozin reduced body weight gain but not visceral fat deposition. It also improved glucose sensitivity and several metabolic parameters (plasma insulin, uric acid, and HDL cholesterol). In the liver, empagliflozin reduced ectopic lipid accumulation, lipoperoxidation, inflammation and pro-inflammatory HETEs, while increasing anti-inflammatory EETs. In addition, empagliflozin improved cardiac function (systolic, diastolic and pumping) independent of blood pressure. The results of our study suggest that hepatoprotection plays a decisive role in the beneficial effects of empagliflozin in preventing the progression of cardiac dysfunction induced by high-fat diet feeding. [Display omitted] • Complex in vivo study assessing cardiac, renal and liver function. • 4-month ofhigh-fat diet was associated with reduced LV systolic function and in 50% of SHR, worsened diastolic function. • Cardiac parameters were improved in all empagliflozin-treated animals to levels seen in control SHR. • In liver, empagliflozin reduced ectopic lipid accumulation, lipoperoxidation, inflammation and HETEs, while increasing EETs. • Several liver metabolic parameters-HETEs, triglycerides, cholesterol and TBARS-correlated with improved cardiac parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the relation between 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters and the clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods We included 358 CRC patients who met the admission criteria. 18F-FDG PET/CT scans were performed before any treatment. Maximum standard uptake, average standard uptake, tumor metabolic volume (MTV) and total glycolysis (TLG) of the primary lesion of CRC were measured and calculated. The correlation of metabolic parameters with lesion location, pathological profile and TNM staging were investigated through Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results The MTV and TLG values in the primary foci of colon cancer were the highest, followed by sigmoid cancer and the lowest in rectal cancer, with statistically significant differences between the groups (P < 0.001). SUVmax values of poorly/poorly-moderately differentiated colorectal cancer were higher than those of moderately/well differentiated colorectal cancer (P=0.028). MTV values of primary mucinous adenocarcinoma were higher than those of primary adenocarcinoma (P=0.023). MTV and TLG values were higher in T4 lesions than those in T2-3 lesions (P=0.0001, P=0.007); SUVmax and SUVmean values of sigmoid carcinoma with distant metastasis were lower than those without distant metastasis(P=0.015, P=0.011). Conclusion The metabolic parameters of CRC are correlated with the lesion location, pathological features and TNM staging, which could partly reflect the pathological characteristics and heterogeneity of CRC.

OBJECTIVE: This research aims to compare the effects of sertraline and agomelatine on outpatients diagnosed with a “major depressive episode” in terms of sleep quality, sexual functioning, and metabolic parameters related to metabolic syndrome. METHODS: This observational, open-labelled, 12-week follow-up study was carried out in the outpatient psychiatry clinic of a state research hospital. Included in the study were 60 outpatients admitted to the adult psychiatry clinic diagnosed with a “major depressive episode” who were subsequently prescribed agomelatine (25 mg/day) or sertraline (50 mg/day). Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were performed during the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks of treatment. The metabolic parameters; Body Mass Index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, liver enzymes (Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST) and lipid profiles – total cholesterol and total triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein – were assessed after the first interview (pre-treatment) and in the 12th week of treatment (post-treatment). RESULTS: The PSQI scores of both the sertraline and agomelatine groups had declined significantly by the end of the follow-up, with the decline in PSQI scores in the agomelatine group being higher than the decline in the sertraline group. The decline in the ASEX scores of the sertraline group was not significant, while the score was significant in the agomelatine group at the end of the follow-up. However, the difference in the changes in the ASEX scores between the study groups was not significant. The unfavourable changes noted in metabolic parameters were: elevation of the mean LDL level in patients using sertraline, and an elevation in liver enzymes (AST and ALT) in the patients using agomelatine. CONCLUSION: The favourable effects of agomelatine on sleep quality and the rapid onset of this effect may be beneficial in particular cases. Agomelatine may be an alternative drug for patients who complain of sexual side effects. Clinicians should evaluate the lipid profile of patients using sertraline, while liver function should be monitored in patients using agomelatine. Neither treatment led to unfavourable outcomes on most of the metabolic parameters.

K Beltaief1,2, W Bouida1,2, I Trabelsi1,2, H Baccouche1,2, M Sassi,3 Z Dridi,4 T Chakroun,5 I Hellara,6 R Boukef,7 M Hassine,6 F Addad,8 R Razgallah,9 I Khochtali,10 S Nouira1,2 On behalf of the Ramadan Research Group1Emergency Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia; 2Research Laboratory (LR12SP18), University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia; 3Biological Laboratory, Maternity and Neonatal Medicine Center, Monastir, Tunisia; 4Cardiology Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia; 5Regional Blood Transfusion Center, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia; 6Hematology Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monasitr, Tunisia; 7Emergency Department, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia; 8Cardiology Department, Abderrahman Mami University Hospital, Ariana 1080, Tunisia; 9DACIMA, Tunis, Tunisia; 10Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, TunisiaBackground and aim: The effects of Ramadan fasting on health are a little controversial. The present study is aimed at evaluating the metabolic effects on a group of 517 patients with ≥2 cardiovascular risk factors over a period running from 2012 to 2014.Methods: Each patient was assessed at three visits: before, during, and after Ramadan. Demographical, clinical and biological tests were performed at each visit.Results: Metabolically, we noted a significant and discrete rise in blood glucose level (+1.2 mmol/L), triglycerides (+0.3 mmol/L), cholesterol (+0.12 mmol/L) and creatinine (+3 μmol/L) during Ramadan. These disturbances decreased significantly after Ramadan. The same variations were observed among diabetics (n=323). However, there was a significant decrease in HbA1c after Ramadan (9.0% vs 7.6%, p

Amaç: Subklinik hipertiroidi toplumda oldukca sık görülen, atriyal fibrilasyon ve osteoporoz gibi çeşitli komplikasyonlar nedeni ile uzun süreli takip gereken önemli bir sağlık problemidir. Vitamin D ise endokrin sistemi de kapsayan otoimmün hastalıkların patogenezindeki yeri, son yıllarda daha çok araştırılmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, subklinik hipertiroidili hastalarda vitamin D düzeylerini ve çeşitli biyokimyasal parametreleri incelemeyi amaçladık. Ayrıca vitamin D ile biyokimyasal parametreler ve tiroid fonksiyon testleri arasındaki ilişkiyi inceledik. Materyal ve Metot: Nisan 2017-Nisan 2018 tarihleri arasında endokrinoloji polikliniğine başvuran ve subklinik hipertiroidi tanısı almış; toksik adenom, toksik multinodüler guatr (TMNG), toksik diffuz guatr (TDG) tanılı 39 hasta ile 89 sağlıklı kontrol grubu dahil edildi. Kontrol grubu ayrıca TSH düzeyleri 1≤TSH