Search

Ilustraciones, diagramas, mapas, tablas Como punto de partida, considerando el esquema de trabajo, fue necesario llevar a cabo una revisión de los planteamientos, conceptos y metodología que se desarrollan a lo largo del análisis de zonificación para la mora, dentro del marco del proyecto. En particular, esto sirvió para determinar la clase de datos y modelos predictivos que se utilizarían para obtener las zonas de aptitud de cultivos, desde lo edafoclimático y desde el enfoque de cambio climático. El presente estudio de zonificación se construyó desde el planteamiento que define las zonas de aptitud como una combinación de suelos, geomorfología y características climáticas. De este modo, “[l]os parámetros particulares usados en la definición se centran en los requerimientos climáticos y edáficos de los cultivos y en los sistemas de manejo bajo los que éstos se desarrollan” (FAO, 1997a). Así mismo, en el caso particular de este estudio, se partió de una base edafoclimática, para su posterior asociación con los factores socioeconómicos y socioecosistémicos presentes en la región. (Texto tmado de la fuente) 1° ed.

Ilustraciones, diagramas, fotografías, tablas Durante los últimos años, los ingresos de los pequeños productores por la comercialización de la fruta no han presentado un incremento significativo (CIAT, 2018). A raíz de lo expuesto, surgen iniciativas empresariales que facilitan la vinculación de productores de pequeña escala con los mercados, contribuyendo a la disminución de la pobreza y a la mejora en la calidad de vida de los agricultores y sus familias. Así, el modelo de negocios inclusivo incorpora proyectos productivos, fomenta el emprendimiento rural y articula la generación de valor compartido entre la empresa ancla y los agricultores (Porter y Kramer, 2011). Este tipo de modelo crea una estrecha relación entre las partes que transciende lo comercial. Por lo que el éxito de este vínculo dependerá del grado de compromiso y confianza de ambos actores. Además, el modelo implica la interacción de las siguientes tres dimensiones: 1) agricultores con habilidades, capacidades y organización para dar respuesta al mercado formal, 2) compradores dispuestos a replantear sus políticas en beneficio de los pequeños productores y 3) un entorno favorable que, desde las políticas públicas y el accionar de los entes cooperantes, contribuya a que los negocios prosperen (Lundy et al., 2014). Un ejemplo pertinente en esta última dimensión es el programa “Coseche, venda a la fija”, diseñado en 2018 por el MARD. Esta estrategia se encaminó a conectar agricultores con la agroindustria y el comercio a través del establecimiento de convenios pre-siembras (MARD, 2018). Con el propósito de contribuir a este esfuerzo y de apoyar la articulación con el sector empresarial, este documento presenta los resultados del trabajo realizado entre la Asociación de Fruticultores y Mujeres Transformadoras de Productos Agropecuarios (Frutymat) y la empresa Nutrium S.A.S., junto con el programa Hit Social de la fundación Postobón, como un ejemplo que representa y cumple con las tres dimensiones descritas. A mediano plazo y con mayor madurez, los productores de Frutymat podrán lograr volúmenes y parámetros de calidad adecuados, lo que les permitirá el acceso y la participación en mercados globales. Esto con el apoyo de su aliado comercial, quien prevee alcanzar objetivos similares con la mora en el mercado exterior. De este modo, se implementó la metodología LINK, diseñada y validada por el CIAT en numerosas cadenas productivas en el ámbito internacional, la cual tiene como objetivo evaluar modelos de negocios incluyentes y proponer estrategias que se dirijan al fortalecimiento de relaciones comerciales, en las que tanto los productores como las empresas compradoras asuman el protagonismo y la responsabilidad de generar valor de forma conjunta. (Texto tomado de la fuente) 1° ed.

Ilustraciones, diagramas, mapas, tablas La revisión y síntesis de estudios parte de un proceso de búsqueda de información secundaria, de tal manera que, tras la clasificación y selección del material bibliográfico disponible en artículos, documentos de trabajo y demás publicaciones, fuera posible empezar un proceso descriptivo del estado del arte de la cadena. Este proceso incluyó la identificación de acuerdos de competitividad, planes de acción y programas departamentales, que sirvieran como punto de partida en un ejercicio de complementariedad evitando duplicar esfuerzos o realizar labores abordadas con antelación. En la fase de identificación de los actores que conforman la cadena productiva de la mora, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con el fin de alimentar el diagnóstico e identificar las problemáticas o brechas que irrumpen la competitividad del sector, para lo cual se realizaron visitas a las zonas de producción y se generaron reuniones con empresarios, comercializadores y actores de entidades de apoyo de la cadena. Seguidamente, se planearon y desarrollaron talleres participativos con el propósito de generar espacios de acercamiento entre los diferentes involucrados en la cadena, con el fin de validar los hallazgos resultantes de la investigación (estado del arte y cuellos de botella3), conocer los costos del cultivo, la dinámica comercial y los márgenes de intermediación en las principales zonas de producción, discutir acerca del comportamiento del mercado, realizar análisis Foda para cada eslabón de la cadena y estructurar de forma consensuada la realidad de la misma. Finalmente, fue posible representar de forma gráfica, a través de un mapeo, el relacionamiento entre las organizaciones de base, las empresas comercializadoras y las entidades que prestan servicios en la cadena, así como la información estadística que los caracteriza y el flujo del valor entre cada eslabón. De esta forma, se construyó el presente documento que, además de describir el estado del arte de la cadena de la mora en el Valle del Cauca, cuenta con observaciones de los actores claves y expertos para concluir en la definición de los principales cuellos de botella y brechas presentes a lo largo de la cadena. (Texto tomado de la fuente) 1° ed.

El objetivo fue conocer la estructura, diversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos del arbolado en cuatro parques de la ciudad de Texcoco de Mora, Estado de México. Se realizó un censo y análisis de los árboles existentes en las áreas verdes seleccionadas. Se determinó una población arbórea compuesta por 391 individuos, pertenecientes a 19 familias y 34 especies. Los taxones más comunes fueron Ficus benjamina (23 %), Schinus molle (13.8 %), Hesperocyparis lusitanica (10.2 %) y Ligustrum lucidum (10 %). El índice de Simpson (1-D) presentó un valor de 0.73 y el índice de Shannon-Wiener H’= 3.89, lo que indica una alta diversidad. Las tres especies más abundantes sobrepasan la regla de diversidad 10-20-30 de Santamour. Se estimaron tres servicios ecosistémicos principales a través del software i-Tree Eco v6: almacén de C, captura de C y producción de O2. El arbolado evaluado almacenó 28.85 Mg C ha-1, capturó 2.56 Mg C año-1 y produjo un total de 6 Mg O2 año-1. Además de lo anterior, se calculó que los árboles removieron un total de 0.06 Mg año-1 de contaminantes y contribuyeron a reducir la escorrentía del agua de lluvia en 107.9 m3 año-1. La información generada es útil para la administración y conservación del recurso arbóreo, así como en la valoración del arbolado de la ciudad de Texcoco.

La investigación aborda la comercialización y el nivel de ingreso de los productores de mora (rubus glaucus) en la comunidad de Tambo Real, Cantón Guaranda en el año 2020. Es de mucho interés para los productores conocer sobre las características de comercialización que les permita mejorar su gestión y por lo tanto lograr el éxito en sus actividades agrícolas. En tal sentido, el objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar la incidencia del proceso de comercialización de mora en el nivel de ingreso de los productores de la comunidad. La investigación se enmarca en un enfoque metodológico cuali-cuantitativo, con un diseño, tipo y nivel de investigación no experimental, descriptiva y documental respectivamente. La población considerada fue de 60 familias productoras, situadas en la comunidad perteneciente a la parroquia Guanujo, cantón Guaranda, para la recolección de la información se hizo uso de las técnicas como las encuestas y entrevistas que fueron aplicadas al total de familias objeto de estudio. La investigación admitió conocer la falta de aplicación de estrategias y canales de distribución, lo cual no ha permitido fijar precios competitivos en el mercado, ni ubicar adecuadamente el producto al consumidor, limitando el margen de utilidad de todos los implicados.

Hanyang University, Hongik University, National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics, In this acoustic study, preboundary lengthening (PBL) in Japanese is investigated in relation to the prosodic structure in disyllabic words with different moraic and pitch accent distributions. Results showed gradient progressive PBL effects largely independent of the mora count. The domain of PBL is better explained by the syllable structure than the moraic structure. PBL, however, is attracted toward a non-final moraic nasal, showing some role of the mora. The initial pitch accent does not attract PBL directly, but it suppresses PBL of the final rime as a way of maintaining the relative prominence, showing a language-specific PBL modulation.

It has been shown that in Germanic languages (e.g. English, Dutch) phonemes are the primary (or proximate) planning units during the early stages of phonological encoding. Contrastingly, in Chinese and Japanese the phoneme does not seem to play an important role but rather the syllable (Chinese) and mora (Japanese) are essential. However, despite the lack of behavioral evidence, neurocorrelational studies in Chinese suggested that electrophysiological brain responses (i.e. preceding overt responses) may indicate some significance for the phoneme. We investigated this matter in Japanese and our data shows that unlike in Chinese (for which the literature shows mixed effects), in Japanese both the behavioral and neurocorrelational data indicate an important role only for the mora (and not the phoneme) during the early stages of phonological encoding.

Hanyang University, Hongik University, National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics, This study examines preboundary lengthening (henceforth PBL) in Japanese, focusing on how its rhythmic characteristics influence the low-leveltemporal realization of PBL. Disyllabic words with various moraic structures and pitch accent patterns were produced in the phrase-final vs. –medial positions. Results show a general progressive lengthening as the segments get closer to the boundary. The domain of PBL appears to be better accounted for by the syllable structure as PBL is robust at the final rhyme regardless of the moraic structure within a syllable. The moraic structure, however, does influence the distribution of PBL by showing some attraction of PBL towards the wordmedial moraic consonant. In addition, the words with initial pitch accent show much less lengthening at the final rhyme than those without pitch accent. Taken together, the results suggest that Japanese PBL is not only governed by the physical temporal constraints, but further modulated by language-specific rhythmic structure.

Mora de Castilla (Rubus glaucus, Benth), also called blackberry, is grown mainly in Colombia and Ecuador. This fruit crop is of economic importance for farmers in the Province of Tungurahua (Ecuador). In this field research, the effect of Trichoderma asperellum (1.53 × 109 CFU/g) inoculation was assessed on crop yield and fruit weight at three production sites (Huachi Grande, Pillaro and Tisaleo in Ecuador). Factorial experiments were conducted consisting of treatments of 0.18 g of a commercial product per plant and a second uninoculated treatment). The product was applied eight times per month and the weekly fruit harvest recorded in each of the eight applications. The inoculation of T. asperellum had a significant effect on crop yield and fruit weight: yield was greatest in Tisaleo (5350 g/plant) with T. asperellum treatment, which was increased by 17% over the uninoculated witness (4447 g/plant). Fruit weight in Pillaro was improved from 5.36 g/fruit for the uninoculated control to 6.04 g/fruit (12.6%). Additionally, the organic matter (OM) content was correlated with the fungal population in the soil. Tisaleo had the highest OM (4%) and the highest yield in this study. In conclusion, the inoculation of T. asperellum in the soil positively affected crop productivity.

While recent work has made it abundantly clear that the metrical foot is fundamental for any understanding of the accent pattern of Japanese and its dialects, other features of these pitch accent systems are directly linked to the constraints aligning tonal melodies with prosodic structure. This paper presents some results on the microvariation in the pitch accent systems of the dialects of Kagoshima Prefecture: the main Kagoshima City dialect, and the separate dialects of Koshikijima island and the southernmost Kikaijima island (Ryukyu archipelago). All these dialects, except for the Kagoshima City dialect, are in serious decline in terms of numbers of speakers. We show that the accentual microvariation in Kagoshima Japanese is due to a simple reranking of the basic constraints aligning the accentual melodies HL and H. The difference in tone-bearing unit between dialects (syllable- vs. mora-counting behavior), difficult to analyze as a parameter setting, follows from the ranking of constraints against tonal contours on moras and syllables.

The sensitivity of Microphysics Parameterization (MP) schemes has been analyzed in the prediction of intensity and track of tropical cyclone (TC) Mora (28th May-31st May, 2017), over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) using WRF model. The study of MP schemes in numerical simulation is important because it includes microphysical process and cloud dynamics that controls the latent heat release in clouds. In this study seven MP schemes (Kessler, Lin, WSM3, Eta, WSM6, MYDM7, and WDM5) are used to study the variation in Mean Sea Level Pressure (MSLP), Maximum Wind Speed (MWS), rainfall distributions, and Tracks. The root mean square error (RMSE) of MSLP, MWS and 72-h simulated tracks are found minimum for WSM3 scheme while the RMSE of rainfall, 48 and 24-h simulated tracks are found minimum for WDM5 scheme. In conclusion, WSM3 and WDM5 schemes may give better results in the prediction of slowly intensifying TC like Mora. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 67(1): 33-40, 2019 (January)

The quantitative reduction and loss of Proto-Germanic vowels during the transition from some form of Common North West Germanic to the attested ‘Old’ languages, such as Old English and Old Frisian, is a complicated process, interfering with morphological restructuring processes. Various reconstructions have been presented, the most extensive one byBoutkan (1995). Scrutiny of the Runic Frisian data, from the period ca. 500–800, shows that especially the apocope of PWGmc *-aand of *-u< PGmc *-ōshould be positioned much later in the relative chronology than envisaged by Boutkan. The order that can be derived from the Runic Frisian data reflects a gradual loss of one mora, running in a cline from the least salient to the most salient vowel, which provides a phonetic rationale for the development. This gradual mora reduction can be dated to the period between ca. 500 and 700. This absolute dating can have implications for phonological processes in which root vowels interact with the quality or quantity of the vowel in the following syllable.

Japanese comic is one of the important sources of spreading Japanese culture all over the world. Japanese comics are being read by people in many countries. In order for foreign readers to understand the contents of comics in more detail, a multilingual conversion processing method on Japanese onomatopoeic words is required. This paper proposes a method to convert Japanese onomatopoeic words in comics into Chinese based on a phonetic distance between Japanese and Chinese. The method calculates the phonetic distance between a mora of Japanese onomatopoeic word and an onomatopoeic character of Chinese using the international phonetic alphabet (IPA). The method chooses an onomatopoeic character for each mora. Then, the method puts the chosen characters in the same order of moras and outputs the ordered characters as a conversion result. We carried out evaluation experiments with the proposed method. As a results, 22 out of 30 (=74%) conversions were judged as suitable by experimental subjects.

La presente investigación se desarrolló en la comunidad de Rincón de Mora, San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica. El estudio se llevó a cabo en ocho fincas cafetaleras de 0-5 ha que se ubican entre los 1100-1500 msnm, cuentan con una temperatura de 21°C y una precipitación de 2.250mm anuales en promedio. El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar la dimensión ambiental desde el componente de biodiversidad, el cual se evaluó en fincas cafetaleras mediante cinco indicadores de sostenibilidad, tomados de la herramienta SAFA de FAO. Se destaca que todas las fincas evaluadas obtuvieron 100% en los indicadores denominados cambio en la cobertura del suelo y diversidad estructural de ecosistemas, en tanto que los demás indicadores mostraron resultados variados.

Analizar estratégicamente las condiciones del microcrédito en la empresa Encumbra microfinanzas. En la investigación denominada análisis estratégico sobre las condiciones del microcrédito en Encumbra, el problema abordado fue, cómo desarrollar estrategias que permitan disminuir los riesgos de caer en mora o de presentar retrasos en los pagos en la empresa encumbra microfinanzas en el departamento de Antioquia; la metodología de investigación tuvo un enfoque mixto, el cual implica un conjunto de procesos de recolección, análisis y vinculación de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos en un mismo estudio o una serie de investigaciones para responder a el planteamiento del problema y los principales resultados o hallazgos fueron en primera instancia, la identificación de las condiciones dadas en el proceso de créditos en Encumbra, en un segundo momento se logró realizar un diagnóstico de la manera como se están aplicando las condiciones de estudio de crédito en la entidad y por ultimo se plantearon alternativas de solución por medio de las cuales se logre una reducción de los reportes en las centrales de riesgo, esto se logró por medio de una clasificación de los usuarios de acuerdo con las categorías establecidas por Encumbra con el fin de identificar cuáles el sector más propenso a entrar en mora y porque ocurre.

Descriptively, in Tokyo Japanese compound words whose second member measures up to four moras in length, compound accent is placed on the syllable immediately preceding or following the boundary, or "juncture," between compound members. The length of the second member of the compound determines which of the two possible syllables is accented. Kubozono (1995) proposes an analysis with a constraint which requires that compound accent be aligned with the juncture. However, Ito and Mester (2018) account for compound accent location without reference to the juncture.Kyoto Japanese compound accent placement is similar to that of Tokyo Japanese (Nakai 2002) with a crucial difference: compound accent is placed on the mora, not the syllable, immediately preceding or following the juncture. This results in a discrepancy in which compound accent is placed on the first mora of a heavy syllable in some cases and on the second mora of a heavy syllable in other cases. I demonstrate that this discrepancy makes alignment to the juncture indispensable for Kyoto Japanese and that general left and right alignment constraints relativized to three levels of recursive word (maximal, minimal, any) cannot by themselves place compound accent in the correct location in all cases.

Simple Summary The growing scarcity of continental shelf and epipelagic oceanic fishes has led to commercial fishing in deeper waters. With this spatial expansion in fishing efforts, some vulnerable deep-sea species have been increasingly captured. To reduce fishing-induced impacts on these resources, information on population traits is required by fishery scientists to produce adequate management advice. In the Northeast Atlantic, the common mora Mora moro has become the main fish species caught by bottom longliners operating in deep waters between 600 and 1200 m. Information about the biology and exploitation status of this species is scarce. This study unravels and highlights important and crucial aspects of the habitat preferences, life-history traits (sex ratio, timing of reproduction, size at maturity, growth pattern, and mortality rates), size structure, and abundance of the M. moro based on scientific surveys and commercial fisheries in the Azores region. Results highlight its vulnerability to overfishing due to its large size, slow growth, low natural mortality, long life span, and late maturity. Abstract With the commercial fishery expansion to deeper waters, some vulnerable deep-sea species have been increasingly captured. To reduce the fishing impacts on these species, exploitation and management must be based on detailed and precise information about their biology. The common mora Mora moro has become the main deep-sea species caught by longliners in the Northeast Atlantic at depths between 600 and 1200 m. In the Azores, landings have more than doubled from the early 2000s to recent years. Despite its growing importance, its life history and population structure are poorly understood, and the current stock status has not been assessed. To better determine its distribution, biology, and long-term changes in abundance and size composition, this study analyzed a fishery-dependent and survey time series from the Azores. M. moro was found on mud and rock bottoms at depths below 300 m. A larger–deeper trend was observed, and females were larger and more abundant than males. The reproductive season took place from August to February. Abundance indices and mean sizes in the catch were marked by changes in fishing fleet operational behavior. M. moro is considered vulnerable to overfishing because it exhibits a long life span, a large size, slow growth, and a low natural mortality.

Introduction:In the mountain forests of the Córdoba, Argentina, foxes (Lycalopexgymnocercus) include in their diet fruits of exotic species such as blackberries (Morusnigra),an invasive species native of Asia.Objective:To learnif blackberry seeds suffer damageinthe digestive tract of foxes,and if this affects the viability, germination power, onset and germination rate.Methods: Blackberryseedswere collected in the field andfromfresh fecesofcaptive foxes;300 seeds were randomly selected per treatmentand kept in agerminator at 25 ° C. The germination criteriumwas the emergence of the radicle.Results: All the seeds extracted from the feces were healthy. The onset of germination occurred on the same day in both treatments,even thoughgermination rateswere higher for the seeds extracteddirectlyfrom the fruits.Conclusions:Despite minor damage to the seeds, thefox is a disperser of blackberry seeds. Introducción:En los bosques serranos de Córdoba, Argentina, los zorros (Lycalopexgymnocercus) incluyen en su dieta frutos de especies exóticas como la mora (Morusnigra), una especie invasora originaria de Asia.Objetivo:Conocer si las semillas de mora sufren daños en el tracto digestivo de los zorros, y si esto afectasuviabilidad, poder de germinación, inicio y tasa de germinación.Métodos:Recolectamossemillas de zarzamora en el campo y de heces frescas de zorros cautivos, seleccionandoal azar 300 semillas por tratamientoquemantuvimosen germinador a 25 ° C. El criterio de germinación fue lasalidade la radícula.Resultados:Todas las semillas extraídas de las heces estaban sanas. El inicio de la germinación ocurrió el mismo día en ambos tratamientos, aunque las tasas de germinación fueron mayores para las semillas extraídas directamente de los frutos.Conclusiones:A pesar de daños menores a las semillas, el zorro es un dispersor de semillas de mora.&nbsp

This article provides individual speakers’ acoustic durational data on preboundary (phrase-final) lengthening in Japanese. The data are based on speech recorded from fourteen native speakers of Tokyo Japanese in a laboratory setting. Each speaker produced Japanese disyllabic words with four different moraic structures (CVCV, CVCVN, CVNCV, and CVNCVN, where C stands for a non-nasal onset consonant, V for a vowel, and N for a moraic nasal coda) and two pitch accent patterns (initially-accented and unaccented). The target words were produced in carrier sentences in which they were placed in two different prosodic boundary conditions (Intonational Phrase-final (‘IPf’) and Intonational Phrase-medial (‘IPm’)) and two focus contexts (focused and unfocused). The measured raw values of acoustic duration of each segment in different conditions are included in a CSV-formatted file. Another CSV-formatted file is provided with numeric calculations in both absolute and relative terms that exhibit the magnitude of preboundary lengthening across different prominence contexts (focused/unfocused and initially-accented/unaccented). The absolute durational difference was obtained as a numeric increase of preboundary lengthening of each segment produced in phrase-final position versus phrase-medial position (i.e., Δ(IPf-IPm) where ‘f’ = ‘final’ and ‘m’ = ‘medial’). The relative durational difference was obtained as a percentage increase of preboundary lengthening in IP-final position versus IP-medial position, which was calculated by the absolute durational difference divided by the duration of the segment in phrase-medial position and then multiplied by 100 (i.e., (Absolute difference/IPm)*100). This article also provides figures that exemplify speaker variation in terms of absolute and relative differences of preboundary lengthening as a function of pitch accent. Some theoretical aspects of the data are discussed in the full-length article entitled “Preboundary lengthening in Japanese: To what extent do lexical pitch accent and moraic structure matter?” [1] .

RESUMEN. Introducción: En los bosques serranos de Córdoba, Argentina, los zorros (Lycalopex gymnocercus) incluyen en su dieta frutos de especies exóticas como la mora (Morus nigra), una especie invasora originaria de Asia. Objetivo: Conocer si las semillas de mora sufren daños en el tracto digestivo de los zorros, y si esto afecta su viabilidad, poder de germinación, inicio y tasa de germinación. Métodos: Recolectamos semillas de zarzamora en el campo y de heces frescas de zorros cautivos, seleccionando al azar 300 semillas por tratamiento que mantuvimos en germinador a 25 ° C. El criterio de germinación fue la salida de la radícula. Resultados: Todas las semillas extraídas de las heces estaban sanas. El inicio de la germinación ocurrió el mismo día en ambos tratamientos, aunque las tasas de germinación fueron mayores para las semillas extraídas directamente de los frutos. Conclusiones: A pesar de daños menores a las semillas, el zorro es un dispersor de semillas de mora. ABSTRACT. “The pampean gray fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus) as disperser of blackberry seeds (Morus nigra)”. Introduction: In the mountain forests of the Córdoba, Argentina, foxes (Lycalopex gymnocercus) include in their diet fruits of exotic species such as blackberries (Morus nigra), an invasive species native of Asia. Objective: To learn if blackberry seeds suffer damage in the digestive tract of foxes, and if this affects the viability, germination power, onset and germination rate. Methods: Blackberry seeds were collected in the field and from fresh feces of captive foxes; 300 seeds were randomly selected per treatment and kept in a germinator at 25 ° C. The germination criterium was the emergence of the radicle. Results: All the seeds extracted from the feces were healthy. The onset of germination occurred on the same day in both treatments, even though germination rates were higher for the seeds extracted directly from the fruits. Conclusions: Despite minor damage to the seeds, the fox is a disperser of blackberry seeds.

In my dissertation, I examine the representation of prostitution in the novels of twentieth-century Mexicana writers. This study will focus on what I call the Mexicana novel of prostitution, texts that feature female protagonists who have been compelled to enter the profession of prostitution out of necessity for financial or personal reasons. Examples of this genre that I analyze include Antonia Mora's "Del oficio" (1972), Sarah Sefchovich's Demasiado amor (1990), and Cristina Rivera Garza's Nadie me verá llorar (1999). Although the Mexicana novels of prostitution in some ways are a continuation of the social and historical approach to prostitution established in the nineteenth century, they constitute a literary genre that dialogues and also breaks with the male-authored literary discourses of the past. In Chapter One, I examine the expansion and industrialization of Paris, London, Madrid, New York, and Mexico City along with the emergence of the male novel of prostitution in this socio-historical context. I also consider legislation that emerged during the nineteenth century to control prostitutes. These important components of the emergence of the modern city are examined in order to establish the literary, social, and historical background of the Mexicana novel of prostitution. In Chapter Two, I focus on Antonia Mora's Del oficio (1972). In this urban testimonio, Mora professes to be a strong authority on the subject of prostitution, based on her personal experience. Because her novel is in no way a moralizing tale but rather is an honest portrayal of life in "el oficio," a life that has not been appropriated by anyone else, I assert that a strong distinction can be made between Mora's work and that of the male authors that precede her. In Chapter Three, I focus on Sara Sefchovich's Mexicana novel of prostitution, Demasiado amor (1990), as a response to and a dramatic departure from the Mexican literature of the mid-eighties. I conclude this chapter by analyzing the novel's relation to Sefchovich's most recent work of fiction, Vivir la vida (2000), positing that in both works the main characters live lives shaped mostly by oppressive circumstances that they are unable to escape, even in exile and death. The author uses her novels to reflect on the fact that the situation of women in Mexico has not sufficiently improved. In Chapter Four, I examine Cristina Rivera Garza's Nadie me verá llorar (1999), arguing that her identity as a fronteriza writer with a Chicana/Latina sensibility shapes her novel. Indeed, the novel presents within itself a theory of what a novel should be; it is an "interview" and exploration of a historical document that merges photography, history, and the author's own written voice and lived experience. Finally, Chapter Five, analyzes the current state of prostitution in Mexico City and reflects on the state of Mexican Feminism manifested in the Mexicana novel of prostitution and in the streets through the activism of mujeres "en la vida."

Simple Summary Autochthonous breeds are, in general, well adapted to their production systems in which they have been constituted but they are usually less efficient than commercial breeds. Therefore, conservation strategies of livestock genetic resources should be designed to assure profitability to the farmers. The development of “mono-breed” brand products is one of the most effective actions towards this aim. These products are usually sold at a higher price compared to undifferentiated ones, as the consumers consider positively the link between these breeds and the perceived quality of their products. The premium price, however, also attracts fraudsters that unscrupulously see an economic advantage by selling mis-labelled products to obtain an unjustified additional economic gain. These frauds undermine the whole strategy designed to support a sustainable conservation of autochthonous genetic resources. Mora Romagnola is a local pig breed raised in the north of Italy. Mono-breed pork products derived from this breed are part of an important niche value chain that is intrinsically linked to the conservation of this local genetic resource. In this study we present how the Mora Romagnola Herd Book standard integrated information of DNA markers of two genes (MC1R and NR6A1), affecting morphological traits, to allow the authentication of mono-breed products of this breed. This is one of the first examples of sustainable conservation of a pig genetic resource designed starting from the genotype of the animals registered to the breed herd book, with the specific purpose to combat frauds. Abstract Mora Romagnola is an autochthonous pig breed, raised in the north of Italy. Mono-breed pork products of this breed are part of important niche value chain that is intrinsically linked to the conservation of this local genetic resources that can only survive due to the premium price that these products can obtain on the market. However, the added value attracts fraudsters that unscrupulously sell mis-labelled Mora Romagnola products, causing consumer distrust that, in turn, undermines the conservation strategy of this breed. To monitor and better characterise this local breed, we phenotyped 826 Mora Romagnola pigs for three breed-specific traits. Then, we genotyped almost all living sows and boars registered to the Herd Book (n. = 357 animals) for polymorphisms in the MC1R and NR6A1 genes (affecting coat colour and vertebral number, respectively). The results were used to re-define the breed descriptors of the Mora Romagnala breed that included information on the allowed genotypes at these two genes. A few pigs that did not carry the allowed genotypes were excluded from its Herd Book. Finally, we evaluated the usefulness of these DNA markers to authenticate Mora Romagnola meat against meat derived from other 11 pig breeds and wild boars. To our knowledge, the Mora Romagnola Herd Book is one of the first examples that established a direct link between a genetic standard of a breed with the possibility to authenticate mono-breed products using DNA markers with the specific purpose to combat frauds and, indirectly, support the conservation of a livestock genetic resource.

Japanski morni nazal /N/ podspecificirani je nazalni segment s posebnim statusom u japanskome glasovnom sustavu. Za učenike japanskoga čiji je materinski jezik hrvatski /N/ može predstavljati izazov jer podrazumijeva fonološke procese koji ne postoje u hrvatskome. Taj segment stječe različita obilježja ovisno o kontekstu. Cilj je ovoga rada empirijski utvrditi kako učenici japanskoga, čiji je materinski jezik hrvatski, artikuliraju morni nazal /N/, koji od promatranih 8 njegovih ostvaraja predstavljaju poteškoću te koje vrste odstupanja postoje. Predstavljeni su rezultati provedenoga ispitivanja, u kojemu je sudjelovalo 24 studenata Sveučilišta Jurja Dobrile u Puli, od kojih 15 na početnoj i 9 na srednjoj razini. Podatci pokazuju različitu učestalost odstupanja pri izgovoru /N/ ispred stanke, ispred poluvokala /w/ i /j/ i drugdje, dok se najznatnija učestalost odstupanja uočava pri izgovoru /N/ u međuvokalskom položaju. Odstupanje u međuvokalskom položaju tiče se distinktivnoga obilježja te se smatra da ima fonološki značaj, a učestalost je visoka na obje razine učenja. Odstupanja /N/ ispred poluvokala i frikativa te u ostalim kontekstima nisu pokazala fonološki značaj, već samo fonetski., 本語の特殊拍である撥音/N/の発話は、クロアチア語を母語とする日本語学習者にとって、類似する音素が母語に存在しないため、困難な場合がある。本論文の主旨は、プーラ大学の日本語学習者が、合計８の環境に出現する/N/の異音をいかに発話するかを考察し、間違いのタイプを特定することである。また、間違いが確認された場合、/N/の弁別機能が保たれてい るかどうかという観点から間違いの考察を行った。プーラ大学の学生、初級者14人、中級者9人を対象に調査を行った結果、学習レベルに関係なく、母音前の/N/が間違って[n]として発話される傾向が高いことがわかった。先行 研究にしたがって、これを「音素の置き換え」と見なす。その他の環境に現れ る/N/の場合は、標準語とはやや異なる発話が確認されたが、/N/の弁別機能は保たれたと言える。, The Japanese moraic nasal /N/ is a subspecified nasal segment with a special status in the Japanese sound system. It has various realisations depending on the context. For Japanese language students whose first language is Croatian, /N/ can pose a challenge as it involves phonological processes that do not exist in their mother tongue. The aim of this paper is to determine empirically how their production of /N/ deviates from the standard in 8 contexts in which /N/ occurs. For that purpose, a survey was conducted involving 24 students of the Juraj Dobrila University in Pula, 14 at the beginner and 9 at the intermediate level. The data showed the errors of various frequencies in the pronunciation of /N/ before pause, semivowels, fricatives and other sounds. A highly frequent error with a phonological significance was detected in an intervocalic position, at both levels of learning. Errors regarding /N/ in front of semivowels, fricatives and other consonants did not show phonological, but only phonetic significance.

The commonly known Andean blackberry or Mora de Castilla (Rubus glaucus) can be grown in the highlands of Latin America, from Mexico to Bolivia. However, the major productions are in rural areas of Colombia and Ecuador contributing a source of income to their population. For instance, the fruit crop is of economic importance for farmers in the Province of Tungurahua (Ecuador). This study is based on the composite material’s experiment of a polymeric matrix reinforced with blackberry green fiber. The proposed natural fiber is chosen for its vast planted area residues of 3,673 hectares that is being pruned and burned monthly, producing large amounts of CO2, hence polluting the environment. Unfortunately, there is no post usage application for production wastage. Why not use this fiber as a cars’ reinforcing material?

U ovom se radu govori o demonološkim predajama i vjerovanjima koja su zabilježena na području Dalmacije, a koje narod već desetljećima prenosi s koljena na koljeno. Demonološke se predaje bave susretima s demonološkim, tj. onostranim bićima, od kojih su najpoznatiji vještice, more, čaratani, vukodlaci, kuga i drugi. Takva se bića najčešće pojavljuju u kasnonoćnim satima, a u rano jutro, glasanjem prvih pijetlova, nestaju. U radu su predstavljeni vlastiti terenski zapisi s područja Dalmatinske zagore, a uspoređivani su s istima iz čitave Dalmacije i okolnih područja. Cilj je rada sačuvati od zaborava narodne priče i vjerovanja u koje narod i dan-danas vjeruje.

The Mora 001 and Solberga 1 drill cores provide the best available overview on the early Silurian (Llandovery, Rhuddanian to Telychian) graptolite succession available for the Siljan Ring impact structure of central Sweden. The Solberga 1 succession includes a nearly complete graptolite succession from the Pernerograptus revolutus Biozone (late Rhuddanian) to the Oktavites spiralis Biozone (late Telychian). Older graptolite faunas are unknown from the Siljan region. The Mora 001 drill core includes a graptolitic succession from the Monoclimacis crenulata Biozone to the O. spiralis Biozone, found in two lithostratigraphically separated lithological units here identified as the Kallholn Formation. A slice of the Orsa Sandstone Formation of possible later Silurian age is tectonically introduced into the Kallholn Formation in the Mora 001 drill core. The strong tectonic deformation of the Kallholn Formation in both drill cores can easily be understood through the Devonian impact history of the region.