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A comparative study of volatile compounds fromDaucus muricatusobtained by hydrodistillation and liquid–liquid extraction by GC and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS) was conducted. The essential oils extracted from roots were mainly composed of aliphatic compounds while oils extracted from aerial part were characterized by monoterpene hydrocarbons. However, the GCMS analyses of composition hydrosol extracts shows only oxygenated compounds; no hydrocarbons were noted. The antioxidant activity of the hydrosol extracts exhibited the high antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 50.08 and 63.05 μg.mL−1for roots and aerial parts, respectively, better than from synthetic antioxidant BHT (103.98 μg.mL−1). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of hydrosol extracts of roots, aerial parts, stems, leaves and flowers ofDaucus muricatusL. obtained by liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) were reported for the first time. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses of hydrosol extracts showed only oxygenated compounds: thirty-six monoterpenes, fifteen sesquiterpenes, eight phenylpropanoids, eighteen non-terpenic compounds and one diterpene. Antioxidant activity was evaluated as free radical-scavenging capacity (RSC). RSC was assessed by measuring the scavenging activity of hydrosol extracts on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH). The best antioxidant activity was exhibited by flower and root hydrosol extracts at low concentrations (more than 100% at 20 µg/mL). Hydrosols produced by roots and aerial parts exhibited high contents of alcohol and phenolic compounds. However, a high result of ferric reducing antioxidant power for all hydrosol extracts tested was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The chemical composition of AlgerianDaucus carotassp.hispanicusGouan. essential oils has been investigated using gas chromatography/retention indices (GC/RIs) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and their antibacterial and antifungal activities were tested for the first time. Chemical analysis allowed the identification of sixty-eight compounds amounting to 92.3–98.5% of aerial part essential oils and eight components representing 97.4–99.4% of root essential oils. Intra-species variations of the chemical compositions of essential oils from ten Algerian sample locations were investigated using statistical analysis (principal component analysis and cluster analysis). In addition, root essential oils ofD. carotassp.hispanicuswere found to be strongly fungicidal and inhibitory to aflatoxin production. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

ABSTRACT The chemical compositions of Corsican and Sardinian Eryngium maritimum L. essential oils were investigated using column chromatography, gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in electron impact mode. Sixty-three compounds were identified accounting for 85.8-95.7% of the total amount. With germacrene D (13.7-45.9%), three uncommon oxygenated sesquiterpenes, 4 βH-cadin-9-en-15-al (18.4-27.6%), 4 βH-cadin-9-en-15-ol (2.2-14.3%) and 4 βH-muurol-9-en-15-al (4.3-9.3%), were identified as main components of the essential oils obtained from the plant aerial parts. Relative to these, essential oils from the roots differed drastically with high contents of 2,4,5-trimethylbenzaldehyde (39.8%), 2,3,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (29.0%) and α-muurolene (23.5%). The chemical variability of Corsican and Sardinian E. maritimum essential oils was studied using statistical analysis. A direct correlation between the island of origin of the sample essential oils and their chemical compositions was assessed. Corsican essential oils exhibited higher amounts of hydrocarbon terpenes than Sardinian samples. Relative to other Eryngium species, Corsican and Sardinian E. maritimum essential oils exhibited original compositions with sesquiterpene aldehydes. These compounds, together with total essential oil, were tested for antioxidant properties using the DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activity tests. No meaningful activity could be attributed to sesquiterpene aldehydes and the corresponding alcohols but the total essential oil and the oxygenated fraction of E. maritimum both demonstrated strong antioxidant properties. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils from the aerial parts of Anacyclus pyrethrum L. were analysed at three developmental stages (vegetative, floral budding and flowering). Oil yield was found to vary depending on the stage of development, and the highest content of oil (0.019% w/w) was obtained at flowering stage. The chemical composition of essential oils studied by GC and GC–MS showed a total of 91 compounds. Whatever the analysed stage is, oxygenated sesquiterpenes were the most abundant group. Their level significantly increased during ripening and varied from 37.1% to 58.6%. The oil showed activity against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria strains. Thus, they represent an inexpensive source of natural antibacterial substances that may potentially be used in pathogenic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Volatile components of Teucrium marum from Corsica were investigated using a combination of analytical techniques. Analysis of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation was performed using capillary GC-RI, GC-MS and 13C NMR spectroscopy after fractionation on column chromatography. The emitted volatile fractions from full aerial parts and separated organs of fresh T. marum were investigated using HS-SPME/GC-RI and HS-SPME/GC-MS. The intra-species variations of the chemical compositions of essential oils and volatile fractions from 25 Corsican sample locations were investigated using statistical analysis. The main essential oil components were caryophyllene oxide (0.4-20.5%), ( E)- β-caryophyllene (0.9-18.9%), ( E)- α-bergamotene (1.0-21.5%), (3 Z,6 E,10 E)- α-springene (1.1-17.8%), β-bisabolene (0.4-14.7%), β-sesquiphellandrene (0.9-10.9%) and estragole (0.5-7.0%), while dolichodial (20.0-83.4%), ( E)- α-bergamotene (0.2-20.6%), ( E)- β-caryophyllene (0.3-23.1%), dolicholactone (0.4-20.9%), β-bisabolene (0.2-10.0%), estragole (1.1-10.5%) and β-sesquiphellandrene (0.2-8.3%) were the main volatiles emitted by the plant. The 13C-NMR data of (3 Z,6 E,10 E)- α-springene and its occurrence in T. marum essential oils are reported for the first time. The importance of the sample preparation step is discussed through the absence/occurrence of dolichodial in both liquid and gaseous matrices studied, respectively. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oils from the aerial parts of Daucus crinitus Desf. were analyzed at three developmental stages (early vegetative, early flowering, and full flowering). Oil yield was found to vary depending on the stage of development, and the highest content of oil (0.15% w/w) was obtained at full flowering. The chemical composition of essential oils studied by GC and GC-MS showed a total of 71 compounds: 27 aliphatic compounds, 18 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, 9 hydrocarbons monoterpene, 5 oxygenated monoterpenes, 5 phenolic compounds, 4 oxygenated sesquiterpenes, 2 oxygenated diterpenes, and 01 diterpene hydrocarbons. Whatever the analyzed stage, phenolic compounds were the most abundant group. Their level significantly increased during ripening and varied from 36.4 to 82.1%. Antimicrobial activities of oils were tested on four different microorganisms. The oils of various phenological stages showed high activity against Candida albicans (30 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (11-28 mm) bacteria strains which are deemed very dangerous and very difficult to eliminate. Thus, they represent an inexpensive source of natural antibacterial substances that may potentially be used in pathogenic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traditionally, the essential oil of aromatic herbs is obtained using hydrodistillation (HD). Because the emitted volatile fraction plays a fundamental role in a plant's life, various novel techniques have been developed for its extraction from plants. Among these, headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) can be used to obtain a rapid fingerprint of a plant's headspace. Daucus crinitus Desf. is a wild plant that grows along the west coast of Algeria. Only a single study has dealt with the chemical composition of the aerial part oils of Algerian D. crinitus, in which isochavicol isobutyrate (39.0%), octyl acetate (12.3%), and β-caryophyllene (5.4%) were identified. Using GC-RI and GC-MS analysis, the essential oils and the volatiles extracted from separated organs of D. crinitus Desf. were studied using HS-SPME. Results: GC-RI and GC-MS analysis identified 72 and 79 components in oils extracted using HD and in the volatile fractions extracted using SPME, respectively. Two types of essential oils were produced by the plant: the root oils had aliphatic compounds as the main component (87.0%-90.1%), and the aerial part oils had phenylpropanoids as the main component (43.1%-88.6%). HS-SPME analysis showed a more precise distribution of compounds in the organs studied: oxygenated aliphatic compounds were well represented in the roots (44.3%-84.0%), hydrocarbon aliphatic compounds were in the leaves and stems (22.2%-87.9%), and phenylpropanoids were in the flowers and umbels (47.9%-64.2%). Moreover, HS-SPME allowed the occurrence of isochavicol (29.6 - 34.7%) as main component in D. crinitus leaves, but it was not detected in the oils, probably because of its solubility in water. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that HD and HS-SPME modes could be complimentary extraction techniques in order to obtain the complete characterization of plant volatiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of the essential oils of Teucrium chamaedrys L. from Corsica and Sardinia islands were investigated using a combination of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) aider fractionation over column chromatography. Eighty-seven compounds were identified, the main components were β-caryophyllene (29.0% and 27.4%, respectively) and germacrene D (19.4% and 13.5%, respectively), followed by α-humulene (6.8%) and δ-cadineue (5.4%) in the Corsican sample and by caryophyllene oxide (12.3%) and α- humulene (6.5%) in the Sardinian sample. The study confirms the quantitative variability of the chemical composition of T. chamaedrys oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The volatile fraction of the whole plant and separated organs of Adenostyles briquetii Gamisans (syn. Cacalia briquetii; family Asteraceae), an endemic species from Corsica, has been studied by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), GC and GC-MS(EI and CI). A total of 141 components were identified, representing 93% of the entire amount. The volatile fraction was characterised by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (52.8%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (25.9%). The major components were germacrene D (18.5%), zingiberene (12.9%) and β-oplopenone (10.8%). The influence of HS-SPME parameters on the extraction of family components is reported for the first time. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antimicrobial activities and the chemical compositions of the essential oil and extract of Saccocalyx satureioides Coss. et Dur. from West Algeria obtained by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) were studied. The chemical compositions of the oils and extract were investigated by capillary GC and GC/MS and their antibacterial and antifungal activities were studied by means of paper disc diffusion method and dilution agar method. Among the 68 compounds identified, the main components of the HD and SFME oils were borneol (28%), thymol (18%), α-terpineol (17%) and camphene (8% and 6%), respectively. Conversely, thymol (25.0%) followed by borneol (21.6%), α-terpineol (11.7%) and ethyl o-methylbenzoate (2.6%) were the major components of the volatiles extracted by hexane MAE. The comparison of the three techniques in terms of isolation times, yields and composition were reported. The oils and extract were compared with a water distilled oil. The oil of S. satureioides showed a stronger activity against yeasts than bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil of Doronicum corsicum L. (Asteraceae), an endemic species from Corsica, has been studied by GC, GC-MS(EI and CI), 1H- and 13C-NMR; 129 components were identified, representing 80.4% of the total amount. The essential oil was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (38.2%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (36.7%). The major components were modhephene (11.6%), ( E)- β-caryophyllene (9.8%), 10-isobutyryloxy-8,9-epoxythymyl angelate (9.9%) and thymyl angelate (8.7%). The structures of the two thymol derivatives, the 13C-NMR data of four other thymol derivatives and the chemical composition of the essential oil of D. corsicum were reported for the first time. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of the essential oil of Achillea ageratum L. from Corsica Island was investigated using a combination of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after fractionation over column chromatography. Sixty-eight compounds were identified, the main components being 1,8-cineole (41%), yomogi alcohol (22.3%), santolina alcohol (10%) and artemisyl acetate (7.6%). The chemical composition of Corsican A. ageratum oil differed from those reported in the literature. The use of two capillary columns with different polarity under optimal GC conditions allowed the identification and the quantification of santolina alcohol that was coeluted on both capillary columns used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The composition of the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from the leaves of Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov. growing wild in Ivory Coast, was determined by GC/RI, GC/SM and 13C-NMR after fractionation on silica gel. The oil was characterized by high contents of trans- and cis-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ols (18.4% and 8.7%, respectively), cis- and trans-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ols (16.0% and 15.7% respectively), and limonene (12.5%). Forty-six components were identified, including 25 compounds reported for the first time in the oils of this species. To cite this article: J.B. Boti et al., C. R. Chimie (9) 2006 . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The root oil of Fokienia hodginsii from Vietnam was submitted, after fractionation over silica gel, to a combined analysis by GC-RI, GC-MS and 13C-NMR. Forty hydrocarbons and 19 oxygenated compounds, mostly sesquiterpenes, were identified. ( E)-Nerolidol and fokienol were the major components. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leaf, stem bark and root bark oils of Isolona cooperi Hutchinson & Dalziel from the Ivory Coast have been analysed by GC (retention index), GC-MS and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Two types of essential oil were produced by the plant. The leaf and stem bark oils were monoterpene-rich, containing principally ( Z)- β-ocimene and γ-terpinene and three lactones, 5-[( E and Z)-hexylidene]-5H-furan-2-ones and massoia lactone, were present in appreciable amounts. Conversely, the root bark oil was dominated by 5-isopentenylindole and ( E)- β-caryophyllene. The strategy for the analysis of each oil was adapted according to the nature of the components. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of the essential oil of Teucrium polium subsp. capitatum from Corsica was investigated using a combination of GC-RI, GC-MS (EI and CI) and 13C-NMR spectroscopy after fractionation by column chromatography. The 86 identified compounds accounted for 93% of the total amount of the oil. The main components were α-pinene (28.8%), β-pinene (7.2%) and p-cymene (7.0%). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil of Inula graveolens was investigated by GC, GC-MS and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. First, a commercial sample was repeatedly chromatographed and analysis of the fractions led to the identification of 89 components. The main constituents were bornyl acetate (56.8%), borneol (7.6%) and τ-cadinol (7.8%). In the second part, six samples of I. graveolens essential oil, obtained at different stages of development of the plant, were investigated. Bornyl acetate and borneol were always the two major compounds. Then, in order to study the chemical variability, we analysed 22 samples obtained from several plants collected in a restricted area in different localities during the flowering stage. Bornyl acetate (43.1-73.1%) and borneol (3.7-32.2%) were the main compounds for 20 samples. Sample 21 exhibited borneol (41.9%) and bornyl acetate (16.6%) as the major components, while the composition of sample 22 was atypical (borneol 41.9% and τ-cadinol 23.8%). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils produced from a population of Artemisia vulgaris of Vietnamese origin cultivated near Hanoi were subjected to analysis by GC, GC/MS and 13C-NMR. The oils were found to contain oxygenated monoterpenes as major components (1,8-cineole, camphor and a-terpineol). The composition of these oils differed from that previously reported for Vietnamese A. vulgaris oil. Only slight differences in the composition of the oil were observed along the vegetative life of the plant. No significant difference was observed between compositions of leaf and flower oils. In addition, the combination of retention indices, GC/MS and 13C-NMR spectroscopy allowed the identification of unusual sesquiterpenes such as presilphiperfolan-9α-ol as a minor component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Baeckea frutescens harvested in three provinces of Vietnam were analysed using GC, GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. Forty-seven components, which represented 90-97% of the global composition, were identified. Two samples were characterized by the pre-eminence of tasmanone, a non-terpenic triketone, which accounted for 22.9% and 24.3%, respectively, of the chemical com-position and which was fully characterized using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The two remaining samples were respectively characterized by high contents of p-cymene, α-thujene and 1,8-cineole for one sample and β-pinene, 1,8-cineole and α-pinene for the second sample. From these results and the literature data, it appears that B. frutescens essential oil exhibits high chemical variability. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]