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Our study will make an examination of the relationship between official development assistance (ODA), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and economic growth (GDP) in an emerging economy such as Vietnam. Regarding to methods, authors use statistics, quantitative combined with qualitative analysis. However, in the long run, although GDP has a vague effect on ODA, on the contrary, ODA put a big (significantly) effect on GDP, at the beginning of the fifth year, the relationship is not clear between ODA and GDP to promote itself increase or decrease. Foreign aid also affects the growth of nations (negatively) and, over periods, positively contributes to economic growth. Last but not least, it must be confirmed that ODA is an extra capital source for investment in development of socio-economic infrastructure and a catalyst for other investment sources such as FDI and investment capital private sector.

In this study, nanotube-type halloysites from weathered pegmatites were investigated to absorb Pb2+ in an aqueous solution. Also, a novel hybrid intelligent model based on the multiple layers perceptron (MLP) neural network and the Harris hawks optimization (HHO) algorithm (i.e., HHO-MLP neural network) was proposed for estimating the absorption of Pb2+ from an aqueous solution using this novel material. XRD, SEM–EDS, and TEM analysis revealed the existence of overlapping tubular halloysites in the studied sample, similar to the results of previous studies. Various conditions of contact time, solution pH, the adsorbent weight, and Pb2+ initial concentration were considered and evaluated using batch adsorption experiments with a total of 53 cases. Subsequently, an HHO-MLP neural network was developed and applied to predict Pb2+ absorption efficiency in water by the nanotube-type halloysite from weathered pegmatites. A traditional MLP neural network model (without optimized by the HHO algorithm) was also investigated to predict and compare with that of the proposed HHO-MLP neural network model. The experimental results indicated that the nanotube-type halloysite from weathered pegmatites is a potential material used in processing water and removing heavy metals, i.e., Pb2+, with a promising development. Furthermore, the obtained results of the proposed HHO-MLP neural network model showed that this model is a robust intelligent model for estimating the efficiency of the Pb2+ absorption in water using nanotube-type halloysite from weathered pegmatites (i.e., MSE = 1.647; RMSE = 1.283; R2 = 0.931). It can be applied to increase the Pb2+ absorption efficiency to eliminate Pb2+ in an aqueous solution.

M.Porter theory has mentioned competitors in a five-force model for analyzing business environment of a company.We would like to make further analysis, in this study, related to marketing strategy based on competitor risk analysis in a typical case study in Vietnam medicine sector. Base on this analysis, we aim to create a resource of competitive information for marketing strategy, that what several scientists called resource -advantage marketing strategy.In this field of marketing there are some our previous researches relating, so together with this study we could draw a theory of marketing strategy based on competitor risk analysis.Authors through this study has found out that elements of marketing including our rivals or competitors in business environment can influence market risk from a quantitative point of view in a two factors model, and this research paper estimates the impacts of not only the size of firms’ competitors, but also leverage, on the market risk of listed medicine companies in this category.Our main findings also show that risk variation (by beta var) can be reduced and minimized in case we keep the same size of rival or competitor, approximately (with equity beta var 0,09).At last, this paper illustrates findings show us that medicine sector need to reassess their business environment in case and the size of competitor smaller, and in the mean time, risk might reduce in case of smaller competitor size.Our research limitation is we need to expand research model to other industries.

The objective of this paper is to discover the evidence supporting or refuting the cost-effectiveness of Assisted Living Technology (ALT) in aging in place of older adults through a comprehensive presentation of cost studies and economic analyses. The search was conducted on two main databases for health economic valuation: The NHS economic valuation database (NHS EED) and the health economic valuation database (HEED). The study was evaluated using the protocol required by Campbell and Cochrane Economic Methods. As an aging society evolves, the need for long-term care services increases. The prevalence of chronic diseases increases in the older population; seniors may have to abandon their bative social life and need long-term care in a nursing home. Aging is a global phenomenon. Asia is aging rapidly. By 2030, the number of Asians aged 65 and over will increase from the current 300 million to 565 million. By 2050, this number will increase to 900 million, about one-sixth of the number of people in Asia. Aging trends are regional, but demographic changes are diverse. Countries such as Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and China, whose populations are steadily aging, are in extreme situations. Research has shown that ALT can reduce costs in some cases, but with little precise data and low quality. Later developments, e.g., capacity methods, should be used for further research. Qualitative research is needed to assess the cost-effectiveness of ALT before making reliable conclusions about the application.

As fast growth of Vietnam banks going with risk policies, We categorize listed banks on Vietnam stock exchange into 2 groups: Previous SOEs banks (including Vietcombank and Vietinbank) and Previous Private banks (including SHB, EIB and ACB). Authors then use combination of quantitative methods (statistics, calculation formulas) and qualitative methods including synthesis, inductive and explanatory methods. The research findings tell us that In groups of banks (SOEs previously) VCB and CTG we find out: G and Risk free rate (Rf) have higher impacts on beta CAPM, for internal factors. While In groups of joint stock banks (private banks) SHB, ACB and EIB we figure out: exchange rate and SP500 have higher impacts on beta CAPM, for external factors. Besides, this study also give out recommendations for enhancing socio-economic roles of Vietnam banks in future and give out directions or implications for socio-economic policies.

Mục đích của bài viết là nhận diện các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến kết quả sinh kế của cư dân vùng hạn mặn ở đồng bằng sông Cửu Long. Số liệu của nghiên cứu được thu thập từ 300 nông hộ ở Sóc Trăng, Kiên Giang và Trà Vinh với phương pháp chọn mẫu ngẫu nhiên, mỗi tỉnh lựa chọn 02 huyện và mỗi huyện lựa chọn 01 xã. Phương pháp phân tích hồi quy đa biến được dùng trong nghiên cứu này nhằm xem xét các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến kết quả sinh kế của cư dân vùng hạn mặn. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, thu nhập là một trong những yếu tố của kết quả sinh kế và có nhiều yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến thu nhập của cư dân vùng hạn mặn. Vốn vay có mối quan hệ ngược chiều, trong khi đó đất sản xuất nông nghiệp, số nguồn thu nhập, kinh nghiệm, hỗ trợ của địa phương, số phương tiện sản xuất có mối quan hệ cùng chiều với thu nhập. Trên cơ sở đó, một số giải pháp được đề xuất nhằm giúp người dân thích ứng với hạn mặn trong thời gian tới tại địa bàn nghiên cứu.

Kaolin sample (mixture of halloysite and kaolinite) from Thach Khoan, Phu Tho province was studied to remove Pb2+ ions from an aqueous solution. The SEM-EDS and TEM analysis showed that in the kaolin sample, tubular halloysite and plate kaolinite minerals coexist, similar to the results from previous studies. The various treatment conditions such as contact time, solution pH, the adsorbent weight, and initial concentration of Pb2+ were examined and evaluated using batch adsorption experiments. The results showed that under experimental conditions of pH0 = 5.31 and a temperature of 25 °C, with 0.7 g of Thach Khoan kaolin material, the Pb2+ adsorption can reach equilibrium after about 50 minutes and efficiency reached 90.75%. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model with the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 3.79 mg/g and follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. This result indicated that unmodified Thach Khoan kaolin with a mixture of tabular halloysite and plate kaolinite minerals has a significant potential in removing heavy ions from aqueous solution.

This paper reported the impact of pH on the structure, morphology, and the green upconversion (UC) emission of Er/Yb/Mo tri-doped hydroxyapatite (HA) synthesized through hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction confirmed that the pH of the solution strongly influenced the phase composition of the phosphors, and HA single phase was obtained at a high pH value. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images of the phosphor exhibited rod-like morphology, and their length increased with increased of the pH values. Under laser-diode excitation wavelength of 975 nm, the phosphor showed typical upconversion emission bands of the ion: strong green emission bands around 510-535/540-560 nm and weak red emission bands around 630-680 nm. The green and red emission intensity as a function of pH reached its maximum value at pH8. Finally, the emission intensity of

Through years Sony In Japan has shown success in bringing to the market high quality products, and via technical inventions. Today risk management is one of vital issues in Sony to maintain its reputation in global markets. The purpose of this study is to find out impacts of economic factors at macro level on net profit of a big technological giant like Sony. We found that movement of net profit in big firms such as Sony will reflect the business health of technology system and the whole economy. The results of quantitative research, in a seven factor model, show that the increase in inflation, GDP (increasing too much) and lending rate and reducing risk free rate has a significant effect on reducing Sony net profit with the highest impact coefficient, the second is decreasing the exchange rate. Last but not least, this study proposes risk management solutions and business management plans to lower business risks, cost and enhance its net profit.

Changing climate patterns and increases in climate extremes pose new challenges to livelihoods of ethnic communities in the upland area in Thừa Thien-Huế (TTH) province. Unpredictability and extreme events have had adverse effects on both farming and income of many ethnic minority households who are already more likely to be vulnerable due to socio-economic and cultural marginalization. Promoting household resilience to climate extremes has emerged as a key development priority for those living in this area. Using data from a household survey conducted in two upland districts of TTH province (Nam Đong and A Lưới), this study employed FAO’s resilience framework to measure household climate change resilience of different ethnic groups and a Poison regression model to identify determinants of household adaptation. Results showed that ethnic minority households had relatively low resilience to climate change and variability with the resilience index only 0.428. Due to geographic isolation, agriculture-dependent ethnic minority households in A Lưới were least resilient to climate change. Results suggest that interventions aimed at promoting climate resilience for ethnic minority households should focus on increasing people’s knowledge of climate change and associated impacts and risks; and improving household income, savings and strengthen household asset base. Almost all households in the study areas have adopted adaptation measures, such as adjusting the seasonal calendar for crop production; using local crop varieties; practicing mixed cropping; and mulching. Education level, climate change awareness and risk perception of the household head, household income source and ability to access credit were key elements of households’ choice of adaptation strategies.

In this paper we obtain an Ito differential representation for a class of singular stochastic Volterra integral equations. As an application, we investigate the rate of convergence in the small time central limit theorem for the solution.

Quinolone and isoquinolone alkaloids, which were found in the plant kingdom, are now potential antioxidants. In this case study, a quantum calculated procedure utilizing the density functional theory (DFT)-B3LYP method coupled with basis set 6–311++G(d,p) was used to investigate free-radical quenching activity of alkaloidal quinolone viridicatol (1) and alkaloidal isoquinolone 5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-4-phenylisoquinolin-1(2H)-one (2). On the basis of thermodynamic perspective and from the findings, the powerful antioxidative potential of these two title compounds in the liquids water, methanol, and especially DMSO was mostly driven by the proton affinity (PA), consistent with the SPLET (sequential proton loss electron transfer) mechanism. The environmental effect has also been investigated, and the antioxidative action caused by O–H bond disruption is easier than that of N–H bond in both the gaseous phase and liquids. In the gaseous phase, the combinations of two studied compounds and •OOH/DPPH radicals are kinetic evidence, including two intermediates and one transition state. From thermodynamic and kinetic viewpoints, compound 2 can be seen as a therapeutically useful agent in antioxidative treatment because of the role of a 5-hydroxy group.

In this paper, we study the distribution of the integrated Jacobi diffusion processes with Brownian noise and fractional Brownian noise. Based on techniques of Malliavin calculus, we develop a unified method to obtain explicit estimates for the tail distribution of these integrated diffusions.

In this paper, we use the Kolmogorov distance to investigate the Smoluchowski–Kramers approximation for stochastic differential equations. We obtain an explicit Berry–Esseen error bound for the rate of convergence. Our main tools are the techniques of Malliavin calculus.

Major-element geochemistry of Miocene sedimentary rock and modern river sediment samples in the Ba River basin, South Central Vietnam are utilized to assess the degree of chemical weathering in the Miocene and the present time. Sediment samples were analysed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer show that Miocene sedimentary rocks contain higher SiO2 and K2O, but lower Fe2O3, TiO2, MgO, Na2O, MnO, CaO, P2O5 than modern river sediment. Major-element geochemistry indicates that Miocene sedimentary rocks and modern river sediment are characterized by stronger depliption of Ca, Na and Mg than K and Si during the chemical weathering in this river basin. The similar relative depleption of Na, Ca, Mg, Si and K between modern river sediments and sedimentary rocks indicate not much deffirent the intensity of chemical weathering in the Miocene and the present time. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) alter from 69 to 93 in Miocene sedimentary rocks (average 74) and from 69 to 78 (average 77) in morden river sediments, indicating moderate chemical weathering in the Ba River basin in the Miocene and the present time.