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Abstract Background Organisational culture (OC) has increasingly become a crucial factor in defining healthcare practice and management. However, there has been little research validating and adapting OCAI (organisational culture assessment instrument) to assess OC in healthcare settings in developing countries, including Vietnam. The purpose of this study is to validate the OCAI in a hospital setting using key psychometric tests and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Self-administered structured questionnaire was completed by 566 health professionals from a Vietnamese national general hospital, the General Hospital of Quang Nam province. The psychometric tests and CFA were utilized to detect internal reliability and construct validity of the instrument. Results The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients (α-reliability statistic) ranged from 0.6 to 0.8. In current culture, the coefficient was 0.80 for clan and 0.60 for adhocracy, hierarchy and market dimension, while in expected culture, the coefficient for clan, adhocracy, hierarchy, and market dimension was 0.70, 0.70, 0.70 and 0.60, respectively. The CFA indicated that most factor loading coefficients were of moderate values ranging from 0.30 to 0.60 in both current and expected culture model. These models are of marginal good fit. Conclusions The study findings suggest that the OCAI be of fairly good reliability and construct validity in measuring four types of organisational culture in healthcare setting in resource-constrained countries such as Vietnam. This result is a first step towards developing a valid Vietnamese version of the OCAI which can also provide a strong case for future research in the field of measuring and managing organisational culture.

Background: Adolescence is a vulnerable period for many lifestyle risk behaviors. In this study, we aimed to 1) examine a clustering pattern of lifestyle risk behaviors; 2) investigate roles of the school health promotion programs on this pattern among adolescents in Vietnam. Methods: We analyzed data of 7,541 adolescents aged 13–17 years from the 2019 nationally representative Global School-based Student Health Survey, conducted in 20 provinces and cities in Vietnam. We applied the latent class analysis to identify groups of clustering and used Bayesian 2-level logistic regressions to evaluate the correlation of school health promotion programs on these clusters. We reassessed the school effect size by incorporating different informative priors to the Bayesian models. Findings: The most frequent lifestyle risk behavior among Vietnamese adolescents was physical inactivity, followed by unhealthy diet, and sedentary behavior. Most of students had a cluster of at least two risk factors and nearly a half with at least three risk factors. Latent class analysis detected 23% males and 18% females being at higher risk of lifestyle behaviors. Consistent through different priors, high quality of health promotion programs associated with lower the odds of lifestyle risk behaviors (highest quality schools vs. lowest quality schools; males: Odds ratio (OR) = 0·67, 95% Highest Density Interval (HDI): 0·46 – 0·93; females: OR = 0·69, 95% HDI: 0·47 – 0·98). Interpretation: Our findings demonstrated the clustering of specific lifestyle risk behaviors among Vietnamese in-school adolescents. School-based interventions separated for males and females might reduce multiple health risk behaviors in adolescence. Funding: The 2019 Global School-based Student Health Survey was conducted with financial support from the World Health Organization. The authors received no funding for the data analysis, data interpretation, manuscript writing, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Etching technology – one of the representative modern semiconductor device makers – serves as a broad descriptor for the process of removing material from the surfaces of various materials, whether partially or entirely. Meanwhile, thinning technology represents a novel and highly specialized approach within the realm of etching technology. It indicates the importance of achieving an exceptionally sophisticated and precise removal of material, layer-by-layer, at the nanoscale. Notably, thinning technology has gained substantial momentum, particularly in top–down strategies aimed at pushing the frontiers of nano-worlds. This rapid development in thinning technology has generated substantial interest among researchers from diverse backgrounds, including those in the fields of chemistry, physics, and engineering. Precisely and expertly controlling the layer numbers of 2D materials through the thinning procedure has been considered as a crucial step. This is because the thinning processes lead to variations in the electrical and optical characteristics. In this comprehensive review, the strategies for top–down thinning of representative 2D materials (e.g., graphene, black phosphorus, MoS2, h-BN, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2) based on conventional plasma-assisted thinning, integrated cyclic plasma-assisted thinning, laser-assisted thinning, metal-assisted splitting, and layer-resolved splitting are covered in detail, along with their mechanisms and benefits. Additionally, this review further explores the latest advancements in terms of the potential advantages of semiconductor devices achieved by top–down 2D material thinning procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speaking in a foreign language demands both attentiveness and proficiency in the language itself so that the other person may understand the speech's substance more easily. With the aid of an electronic engine based on Google Scholar data, we undertook a series of data gathering activities to explore the link between competent and mindful English speaking. We want to use this data in a number of international journal articles that address these two factors. Following collection, the data is examined thoroughly as part of a descriptive qualitative research using a coding system. We make sure that the data findings adhere to fair and trustworthy criteria before making any inferences. After discussing the results, we can draw the conclusion that speaking English as a second language calls for careful and competent proficiency in order for the other person to grasp what is being said. This discovery should thus be helpful to many people who are learning English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this article is to examine the viewpoints of Vietnamese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners with respect to their willingness to communicate (WTC) and identify the barriers that impede their proficiency in the English language. The research employed a phenomenological approach to investigate the obstacles that hinder communication among Vietnamese EFL learners. According to the findings, common challenges encountered by learners include a restricted lexicon, inaccurate pronunciation, diminished self-assurance, and apprehension. These challenges are further compounded by cultural elements and unstimulating learning environments. Offering pertinent activities in a secure, adaptable, and intellectually stimulating learning environment may increase inquisitiveness and enhance English proficiency, according to the article. It is essential that teachers be involved in the delivery of high-quality courses, irrespective of the textbooks and curriculum employed. However, due to the subjective opinions of a small number of participants, the findings of this article are limited; future research should investigate teaching and learning techniques and more objective explanations for English communication difficulties. Furthermore, we recommend that future investigations broaden their scope beyond high school students by incorporating a wider range of topics and settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review describes both magnitude and patterns of major behavioral risk factors for NCDs. Positive changes in tobacco use were identified, though this is far to meet the established expectation. Harmful alcohol consumption was reported, especially for males. Only small proportion of the population consumed an adequate amount of fruits and vegetables daily. Average salt intake was approximately doubled, in comparison to WHO’s recommendations. Physical activity has shifted gradually negatively, but future trends are unpredictable. An organized surveillance system should be developed initially with adequate tools and public resources to maintain and ensure sustainability over time.

This study explores local resident’s perceptions of tourism impacts on their society and their support for tourism development in Nui Coc Lake, Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam. Social Exchange Theory (SET) was employed in this study to explore the perceptions of Nui Coc Lake residents toward the impacts of tourism development on their lives. Data were collected from residents in five communes around Nui Coc Lake. The results of factor analysis of tourism impacts indicated five factors, Personal Economic Benefits, Positive Impacts, Negative Impacts, Support for Tourism, and Social and Cultural Benefits. Results revealed that Personal Economic Benefits were considered the most important factor influencing residents’ support for tourism development in Nui Coc Lake. T-test analysis indicated that there were no differences between gender and personal economic benefits, social and cultural benefits. ANOVA analysis shows that there are differences in the perception of education levels and social and cultural benefits concerning the negative impacts of tourism. The findings suggest that SET can be utilized in explaining the perceptions of Nui Coc residents toward the impacts of tourism development. Implications for tourism planners and policy makers and suggestions for future research are also discussed