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154. 2014年における下顎智歯抜歯599歯の臨床的検討 : 下顎智歯抜歯治療体系の現況と考察

Author

Uematsu, Kohya, Kodama, Yasumitsu, Katsumi, Yuji, Kiguchi, Tetsuo, Nishikawa, Atsushi, and Takagi, Ritsuo

Subjects
術後知覚異常, stomatognathic diseases, パノラマX線, post operative paresthesia, mandibular canal, stomatognathic system, 下顎智歯抜歯, mandibular third molar extraction, panoramic radiograph, computed tomography, 下顎管, CT
Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to create intelligence sharing of the current situations of mandibular third molar extraction (MTMext.) between our department and other medical institutions. Methods: Data of 599 MTMext. teeth in 461 patients who visited our department in 2014 were studied for 1) patient information, 2) X-ray images (panoramic radio graph [PRG],computed tomography [CT]), 3) procedures, and 4) post-operative complications. Results: 1) The 461 patients comprised of 198 males and 263 females. The ratio of referral patients was nearly 93%, of which 73% were referred from dentists in the general practice. 2) Pre-operative diagnosis was mainly performed based on PRG findings. Based on Winter's classification, there were 305 horizontal teeth, 165 mesio-angular teeth, and 118 vertical teeth. When based on Pell-Gregory's classification, there were 242 IA teeth, 120 IIA teeth, and 107 IB teeth. As for apex position, there were 258 Ap1 teeth, 185 Ap0 teeth, and 94 Ap2-s teeth represented. CT was taken in 185 of teeth. Bone wall of mandibular canals were seen disappeared at a high frequency in Ap2-s, Ap2-d and Ap3 teeth. 3) 514 teeth were operated in the outpatient operating room whereas 85 teeth were operated in the central operating room. Out of the total teeth, 82 teeth were operated under general anesthesia, 27 teeth with intravenous sedation and 490 teeth were operated under local anesthesia. 4) A total of 6 nerve injuries were found. In addition, surgical site infections occurred in 11 teeth. Conclusions: These findings might be useful in informing patients about MTMext. procedures and could further help practicing dentists to refer patients to specialized institutions., 下顎智歯抜歯は口腔外科において頻度の高い処置である。個々の症例で難易度や合併症リスクが異なるため，体制の整った施設での加療が望ましい症例も多い。今回，紹介医との情報共有を目的に当科における現況を調査した。対象は2014年に施術した下顎智歯抜歯461例599歯とし，1.患者基本情報，2.画像情報，3.手術情報，4.術後合併症に関して調査した。1.性別では男性198例246歯，女性263例353歯，平均年齢は30.5±12.6歳であった。紹介率は92.9%であり，開業歯科医院からの紹介は全体の7割を超えた。2.Winter分類は，水平305歯，近心165歯，垂直118歯，Pell-Gregory分類は，IA:242歯，ⅡA:120歯，IB:107歯，apex positionはAp1:258歯，Ap0:185歯，Ap2-s:94歯の順で多かった。CT撮影は185歯(30.8%)で追加的に実施され，Ap2-s以上でその割合が急増していた。3.施術場所は，514歯が外来手術室，85歯が中央手術室であり，麻酔別では，全身麻酔82歯，静脈内鎮静法27歯，局所麻酔単独490歯であった。全身麻酔の選択理由は外科的侵襲の大きさや両側同時抜歯が最も多く，静脈内鎮静法の選択理由は手術に対する不安(歯科恐怖症を含む)が最も多かった。4.知覚異常は6歯(1.0%)で認められた。本調査結果を紹介医と共有し，患者説明や紹介の判断基準として有効に活用されれば，今後の地域における病診連携の拡大にもつながることが期待される。

Published
2015

156. Earable ZEN: Development of an Earphone-Type Zazen Support Wearable System

Author

Taniguchi, Kazuhiro and Nishikawa, Atsushi

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Medical technology, Article Subject, Posture, Biomedical Engineering, Wearable computer, Health Informatics, Mouth breathing, Breathing Exercises, Wearable Electronic Devices, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, medicine, Humans, Average recall, lcsh:R5-920, business.industry, Respiration, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Healthy subjects, Equipment Design, Middle Aged, 030227 psychiatry, Meditation, lcsh:R855-855.5, Breathing, Mental health care, Female, Surgery, medicine.symptom, Wearable Electronic Device, business, lcsh:Medicine (General), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article, Biotechnology
Abstract

Meditation has been included in mental health care and the treatment of hypertension and pain. Zazen is a method of entering the meditative state. We have carried out R&D on a wearable system (earable ZEN) that casually and simply allows the subject to perform zazen without going to a temple or even having a zazen monitor present. In zazen, it is important to prepare one’s breathing and posture. The earable ZEN is comprised of an earphone-type sensor (ear sensor) for measuring the breathing and posture of the user, a miniature actuator (neck belt) for communicating disturbances in the breathing and posture of the user, and a microcomputer. In an evaluation experiment, disturbance in breathing was simulated as “deep mouth breathing” and disturbance in posture was simulated as “nodding”. The average accuracy value for seven healthy subjects wearing the earable ZEN was 99.9% for mouth breathing and 100% for nodding. In the same way, the average precision value was 98.7% for mouth breathing and 100% for nodding, with an average recall value of 97.1% for mouth breathing and 100% for nodding. None of the subjects considered the ear sensor and neck belt to be an obstacle to zazen.

Published
2018

159. Safety profile of baricitinib in Japanese patients with active rheumatoid arthritis with over 1.6 years median time in treatment: An integrated analysis of Phases 2 and 3 trials

Author

Harigai, Masayoshi, primary, Takeuchi, Tsutomu, additional, Smolen, Josef S., additional, Winthrop, Kevin L., additional, Nishikawa, Atsushi, additional, Rooney, Terence P., additional, Saifan, Chadi G., additional, Issa, Maher, additional, Isaka, Yoshitaka, additional, Akashi, Naotsugu, additional, Ishii, Taeko, additional, and Tanaka, Yoshiya, additional

Published
2019
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172. Eccentric Figure-Eight Coils for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Author

Sekino, Masaki, Ohsaki, Hiroyuki, Takiyama, Yoshihiro, Yamamoto, Keita, Matsuzaki, Taiga, Yasumuro, Yoshihiro, Nishikawa, Atsushi, Maruo, Tomoyuki, Hosomi, Koichi, and Saitoh, Youichi

Subjects
medical application, brain, Physics::Medical Physics, transcranial magnetic stimulation, coil, eddy current
Abstract

Previously we proposed an eccentric figure-eight coil that can cause threshold stimulation in the brain at lower driving currents. In this study, we performed numerical simulations and magnetic stimulations to healthy subjects for evaluating the advantages of the eccentric coil. The simulations were performed using a simplified spherical brain model and a realistic human brain model. We found that the eccentric coil required a driving current intensity of approximately 18% less than that required by the concentric coil to cause comparable eddy current densities within the brain. The eddy current localization of the eccentric coil was slightly higher than that of the concentric coil. A prototype eccentric coil was designed and fabricated. Instead of winding a wire around a bobbin, we cut eccentric-spiral slits on the insulator cases, and a wire was woven through the slits. The coils were used to deliver magnetic stimulation to healthy subjects; among our results, we found that the current slew rate corresponding to motor threshold values for the concentric and eccentric coils were 86 and 78 A/µs, respectively. The results indicate that the eccentric coil consistently requires a lower driving current to reach the motor threshold than the concentric coil. Future development of compact magnetic stimulators will enable the treatment of some intractable neurological diseases at home. Bioelectromagnetics. 35:55–65, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Article, BIOELECTROMAGNETICS. 36(1):55-65 (2015)

Published
2015

173. Development of a neural probe integrated with high-efficiency MicroLEDs for in vivo application.

Author

Yasunaga, Hiroki, Takagi, Toshihiro, Shinko, Daisuke, Nakayama, Yusei, Takeuchi, Yuichi, Nishikawa, Atsushi, Loesing, Alexander, Ohsawa, Masahiro, and Sekiguchi, Hiroto

Abstract

A neural probe with six micro-light-emitting diodes (MicroLEDs) and 15 neural electrodes was fabricated for optogenetic application. Local field potentials, which provide information about the neural activity, were successfully recorded using the neural probe, indicating the effectiveness of the neural electrodes. The MicroLEDs on the probe exhibited highly consistent current–voltage characteristics and sufficient light output of 20 mW mm−2 at 1 mA to manipulate neural activity. The light distribution in brain tissue was simulated to estimate the optical stimulation area and a number of optically stimulated neurons. The increase in LED temperature, i.e. ΔT, was investigated because high temperatures can damage brain tissue. A curve illustrating the relationship between ΔT and the wall-plug efficiency was derived. The wall-plug efficiency was increased 1.8 times by installing an Ag mirror on the back of a MicroLED. These results suggest that the MicroLED neural probe would significantly contribute to the development of neuroscience research-purposed optogenetic technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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174. Anti-melanogenic activity of salacinol by inhibition of tyrosinase oligosaccharide processing.

Author

Homma, Toshiyuki, Kageyama, Shigeki, Nishikawa, Atsushi, and Nagata, Kozo

Subjects
ZWITTERIONS, PHENOL oxidase, INHIBITION (Chemistry), MICROPHTHALMIA-associated transcription factor, LENTIGO, MEDICINAL plants
Abstract

Hyperpigmentation that manifests through melasma and solar lentigo (age spots), although mostly harmless for health, bothers many people. Controlling the rate-limiting activity of tyrosinase is most effective for suppressing excessive melanin formation and accordingly recent research has focused on the maturation of tyrosinase. Salacia, a medicinal plant, has been used to treat diabetes in India and Sri Lanka. Salacia extract reportedly contains components that inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase. Salacinol, the active ingredient in Salacia extract, has unique thiosugar sulphonium sulphate inner salt structure. Here, we observed that the salacinol component of Salacia extract possesses anti-melanogenic activity in comparison to various existing whitening agents. Although the anti-melanogenic mechanism of salacinol is presumably medicated by inhibition of tyrosinase activity, which is often found in existing whitening agents, salacinol did not inhibit tyrosinase activity in vitro. Analysis of the intracellular state of tyrosinase showed a decrease in the mature tyrosinase form due to inhibition of N-linked oligosaccharide processing. Salacinol inhibited the processing glucosidase I/II, which are involved in the initial stage of N-linked glycosylation. Owing to high activity, low cytotoxicity and high hydrophilicity, salacinol is a promising candidate compound in whitening agents aimed for external application on skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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175. Structural insights into polysaccharide recognition by Flavobacterium johnsoniae dextranase, a member of glycoside hydrolase family 31.

Author

Tsutsumi, Kenta, Gozu, Yoshifumi, Nishikawa, Atsushi, and Tonozuka, Takashi

Subjects
FLAVOBACTERIUM, SITE-specific mutagenesis, CATALYTIC domains, GLUCOSIDASES, DEXTRAN, DATABASES, DISACCHARIDES, POLYSACCHARIDES
Abstract

Glycoside hydrolase family (GH) 31 contains a large variety of enzymes, but the major members are enzymes that act on relatively small oligosaccharides such as α‐glucosidase. Here, we determined the crystal structure of Flavobacterium johnsoniae dextranase (FjDex31A), an enzyme from F. johnsoniae that hydrolyzes a polysaccharide, dextran. FjDex31A is composed of four domains: an N‐terminal domain, a catalytic domain, a proximal C‐terminal domain, and a distal C‐terminal domain, as observed in typical GH31 enzymes. However, the architecture of active site residues in FjDex31A, other than subsite −1, is markedly different from that of other GH31 enzymes. The FjDex31A structure in complex with isomaltotriose shows that Gly273 and Tyr524, both of which interact with an α‐glucose residue at subsite −2, as well as Trp376 and Leu308‐cisGln309, are especially unique to FjDex31A. Site‐directed mutagenesis of Gly273 and Tyr524 resulted in a decrease in the hydrolysis of polysaccharides dextran and pullulan, as well as that of the disaccharide isomaltose. These results suggest that, regardless of the length of sugar chains of the substrates, binding of FjDex31A to the substrates at subsite −2 is likely to be important for its activity. Database: Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 6JR6, 6JR7, and 6JR8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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