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Currently, we live in a continuously transforming society, which has led to the educational system facing changes and new challenges. It is necessary to change the previous models and didactic methodologies, which were markedly expository, and the memoristic learning of students, to incorporate profound innovations in the methods used in the training of students at all educational levels, where the student must be the main actor in their own education (Sharma et al., 2023). The learning needs of today's students, who must learn to live in a globalised, digitalised, intercultural, changing society that produces vast amounts of information, require different teaching methods from those used 20 years ago (Ermakova, 2020). In this sense, in recent decades, there has been a resurgence of pedagogical renewal centres in Spain, which aim to adapt the educational system to the needs of students by integrating methodologies and approaches focused on their personal, competential development and progress within the educational system (Beneyto et al., 2023). These centres can be considered as catalysts of change that have significantly improved students' socio-emotional skills and academic performance through the implementation of innovative practices and resources adapted to the characteristics of the students (Aliaga, 2022). This renewal not only focuses on the curricular content but also on the way in which teaching is delivered, always seeking greater inclusion and equity (Engel and Coll, 2022). In this regard, teaching and learning methodologies play a crucial role in the implementation of innovative and renewing processes in education. Therefore, didactic approaches should evolve to give greater prominence to the student and organise teaching based on the acquisition of skills necessary for the professional development of students, such as the ability to collaborate and work in teams, creativity, critical thinking, and digital literacy, among others. Ultimately, they should provide students with tools for autonomous and lifelong learning. This methodological-didactic renewal requires the use of different models and active methodologies in the classroom that grant a fundamental role to students, such as Flipped Learning, collaborative learning, gamification, project-based learning, among others. Frequently, these methodologies are mediated by the use of various digital tools. Digital technologies applied to training and education offer a wide range of possibilities when designing educational activities in the teaching and learning processes, allowing for the representation of information, collaboration, and knowledge construction (Guerrero-Quiñonez et al., 2023). In the process of implementing active methodologies, the teacher plays a very relevant role in designing activities and selecting the appropriate digital tools that enhance the effectiveness of these methodologies for student learning. Continuous teacher training is essential to ensure the effective implementation of innovative methodologies and to adapt them to the specific context of the classroom, promoting deep and meaningful learning (Balladares-Burgos and Valverde-Berrocoso, 2022). AI tools can enhance innovative methodologies and continuous assessment, improving the effectiveness of educational institutions and supporting the continuous training of teachers. Thus, AI becomes a crucial ally in pedagogical renewal and the promotion of sustainable education (Forero-Corba et al., 2024). Teacher training is a determining factor in educational quality, as well-trained teachers can transform the learning experience. They must be equipped with the knowledge and tools necessary to adapt to the demands of an ever-evolving education.

Introduction: At present, neurodevelopmental abnormalities are the most frequent type of complication in school-aged children with congenital heart disease (CHD). We analysed the incidence of acute neurologic events (ANEs) in patients with operated CHD and the usefulness of neuromarkers for the prediction of neurodevelopment outcomes. Methods: Prospective observational study in infants with a prenatal diagnosis of CHD who underwent cardiac surgery in the first year of life. We assessed the following variables: (1) serum biomarkers of brain injury (S100B, neuron-specific enolase) in cord blood and preoperative blood samples; (2) clinical and laboratory data from the immediate postnatal and perioperative periods; (3) treatments and complications; (4) neurodevelopment (Bayley-III scale) at age 2 years. Results: the study included 84 infants with a prenatal diagnosis of CHD who underwent cardiac surgery in the first year of life. Seventeen had univentricular heart, 20 left ventricular outflow obstruction and 10 genetic syndromes. The postoperative mortality was 5.9% (5/84) and 10.7% (9/84) patients experienced ANEs. The mean overall Bayley-III scores were within the normal range, but 31% of patients had abnormal scores in the cognitive, motor or language domains. Patients with genetic syndromes, ANEs and univentricular heart had poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes. Elevation of S100B in the immediate postoperative period was associated with poorer scores. Conclusions: children with a history of cardiac surgery for CHD in the first year of life are at risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Patients with genetic syndromes, ANEs or univentricular heart had poorer outcomes. Postoperative ANEs may contribute to poorer outcomes. Elevation of S100B levels in the postoperative period was associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years. Studies with larger samples and longer follow-ups are needed to define the role of these biomarkers of brain injury in the prediction of neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients who undergo surgery for management of CHD. Resumen: Introducción: En la actualidad, las alteraciones del neurodesarrollo son la complicación más frecuente en pacientes con cardiopatía congénita (CC) en edad escolar. Analizamos la incidencia de eventos neurológicos agudos (ENA) en pacientes con CC sometidos a cirugía cardiaca y la utilidad de los neuromarcadores para predecir el neurodesarrollo. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo observacional en recién nacidos (RN) con CC diagnosticada prenatalmente sometidos a cirugía el primer año de vida. Se evaluaron: 1) biomarcadores sanguíneos de lesión cerebral (S100B, enolasa neuronal específica) en sangre de cordón y periquirúrgicos; 2) datos clínicos y analíticos perinatales y periquirúrgicos; 3) tratamientos y complicaciones; 4) neurodesarrollo (Escala Bayley III) a los dos años. Resultados: Se incluyeron 84 RN con CC de diagnóstico fetal, confirmada postnatalmente, sometidos a cirugía cardiaca en el primer año de vida. 17 pacientes tenían corazón univentricular, 20 pacientes obstrucción izquierda y 10 síndromes genéticos. Fallecieron en el periodo postquirúrgico 5 pacientes (5,9%) y 9 pacientes presentaron ENA (10,7%). Las puntuaciones medias en el test de Bayley III fueron normales pero el 31% tuvieron alteración cognitiva, motora o en el lenguaje. Los pacientes con síndromes genéticos, ENA y CC univentriculares tuvieron peor neurodesarrollo. La elevación de S100B en el postoperatorio inmediato se correlacionó con peores puntuaciones. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con CC sometidos a cirugía tienen mayor riesgo de sufrir alteraciones del neurodesarrollo. Los pacientes con síndromes genéticos o corazones univentriculares presentan peores resultados. Presentar ENA postquirúrgico puede contribuir a peores resultados. Niveles de s100B elevados en el postoperatorio se correlacionan con peores resultados en los tests de neurodesarrollo a los dos años. Series con más pacientes y con seguimiento a largo plazo nos ayudarán a definir el papel de estos biomarcadores de lesión cerebral en la predicción del neurodesarrollo en pacientes sometidos a cirugía de CC.

IntroductionChildhood sexual abuse persists as a painful societal reality, necessitating responses from institutions and healthcare professionals to prevent and address its severe long-term consequences in victims. This study implements an intervention comprising two psychotherapeutic approaches recommended by the WHO and international clinical guidelines for addressing short-, medium-, and long-term posttraumatic symptomatology: Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Both approaches are adapted from group formats for implementation in small online groups via Zoom.MethodsThe impact of both therapeutic approaches on trauma improvement was assessed in a sample of 19 women who were victims of childhood sexual abuse through a Randomized Clinical Trial comparing EMDR Psychotherapy and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy after a baseline period. Intra and inter comparison were made using statistics appropriate to the sample.ResultsBoth therapeutic approaches significantly reduced symptomatology across various evaluated variables, suggesting their efficacy in improving the quality of life for these individuals. Following CBT-FT treatment, patients exhibited enhanced emotional regulation, reduced reexperiencing, and avoidance. The EMDR group, utilizing the G-TEP group protocol, significantly improved dissociation, along with other crucial clinical variables and the perception of quality of life.DiscussionAlthough the limitations of this study must be taken into account due to the size of the sample and the lack of long-term follow-up, the results align with existing scientific literature, underscoring the benefits of trauma-focused psychological treatments. The online group format appears promising for enhancing the accessibility of psychological treatment for these women. Furthermore, the differential outcomes of each treatment support recent research advocating for the inclusion of both approaches for individuals with trauma-related symptomatology.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Valencian International University (VIU) (Valencia, Spain) (Ref. CEID2021_07). The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated to the scientific community.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04813224, identifier NCT04813224.

IntroductionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of illness and death among adults. In 2019, the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) strategy incorporated blood eosinophils as a biomarker to identify patients at increased risk of exacerbations which, with the history of exacerbations during the previous year, allows identification of patients who would benefit from anti-inflammatory treatment to reduce the risk of future exacerbations. The aim of this study was to describe demographic and clinical characteristics, eosinophil counts, and exacerbations in a cohort of COPD patients stratified by clinical phenotypes (non-exacerbator, frequent exacerbator, asthma-COPD overlap) in a Colombian cohort at 2600 meters above sea level.MethodsA descriptive analysis of a historical cohort of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of moderate to severe COPD (FEV1/FVC

En Colombia, para 2020, el cáncer de pulmón se reportó como la segunda neoplasia con mayor incidencia y la primera con mayor tasa de mortalidad según las cifras del ministerio de salud de Colombia. El compromiso peritoneal en el cáncer de pulmón es algo extremadamente raro, se considera

The residue from roselle beverage production is rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber. We investigated its potential as a preventive and therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD) for 17 weeks, reaching insulin resistance by week 9, and induced to T2DM with streptozotocin (STZ) at week 13. Roselle beverage residue (RBR) was administered ad libitum mixed at 6% with the HFFD. Rats received HFFD+RBR as a preventive strategy starting at week 1 (healthy) and week 9 (insulin resistant), whereas the treatment strategy in T2DM rats started at week 14 alone or in combination with metformin (200 mg/kg/day), with a control metformin-treated group. All RBR-supplemented groups showed reduced serum glucose levels (1.4-fold to 1.8-fold) compared with the HFFD+STZ control group. Preventive RBR administration enhanced pancreatic function, leading to improved insulin sensitivity (6.5-fold to 7.9-fold). Gene expression analysis identified slight alterations in hepatic and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. Additionally, RBR supplementation demonstrated a preventive role in mitigating hyperuricemia (2.1-fold to 2.2-fold), with no effect on glomerular hyperfiltration. While the exact mechanisms underlying RBR effects remain to be fully elucidated, our findings highlight its promising potential as a dietary supplement for preventing and treating T2DM.

Previous studies have noted that persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) experience persistent lung dysfunction after an episode of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that inflammation during pneumonia triggers increased tissue damage and accelerated pulmonary fibrosis, resulting in a gradual loss of lung function. We carried out a prospective cohort study of people diagnosed with CAP and/or HIV between 2016 and 2018 in three clinical institutions in Medellín, Colombia. Clinical data, blood samples, and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were collected at baseline. Forty-one patients were included, divided into two groups: HIV and CAP (n = 17) and HIV alone (n = 24). We compared the concentrations of 17 molecules and PFT values between the groups. Patients with HIV and pneumonia presented elevated levels of cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IL-1RA, IL-10, IP-10, MCP-1, and MIP-1β) compared to those with only HIV. A marked pulmonary dysfunction was evidenced by significant reductions in FEF25, FEF25-75, and FEV1. The correlation between these immune mediators and lung function parameters supports the connection between pneumonia-associated inflammation and end organ lung dysfunction. A low CD4 cell count (

Los programas de educación afectivo sexual constituyen un recurso necesario para promover la salud sexual en personas con diversidad funcional intelectual, ya que se enfrentan a múltiples barreras para adquirir de forma espontánea los conocimientos, las actitudes y las habilidades necesarias para vivir su sexualidad de forma positiva y saludable. Así pues, un aspecto fundamental en el diseño de estas intervenciones es atender a las características del grupo al que va dirigido (grado de autonomía, nivel comprensión y/o nivel de lectoescritura). En la actualidad, encontramos propuestas que han mostrado su eficacia en población con pocas necesidades de apoyo como el programa Saludiversex. Sin embargo, existe todavía un gran vacío en lo referente a intervenciones dirigidas a personas con necesidades deapoyo intermitentey/o dificultades de lectoescritura. Porello, nuestro grupo de investigación realizó una versión simplificada del programa Saludiversex (Saludiversex-M). Así pues, el objetivo del presente trabajo es describir de forma detallada el proceso de adaptación del contenido y del material del Programa Saludiversex a la versión simplificada Saludiversex-M. En relación con la adaptación del contenido, se contempló la información reportada por profesionales que trabajan con este colectivo y las características de vida de las personas con discapacidad intelectual moderada (baja autonomía, dificultades en las relaciones románticas, necesidades de apoyo en actividades de higiene, etc.) como resultado se simplificó la profundidad con la que se trabajaban conceptos como los métodos anticonceptivos, las infecciones de transmisión sexual y el maltrato. Respecto al material de trabajo (presentaciones, cuestionarios de evaluación, actividades etc.) se realizó una adaptación atendiendo a las directrices de lectura fácil y al nivel de comprensión de este colectivo (uso de oraciones simples, lenguaje concreto y apoyo con imágenes). El resultado es un recurso que facilita el acceso a educación sexual para un colectivo con grandes carencias en este ámbito.

La salud sexual en la infancia y en la adolescencia constituye una prioridad dado el importante impacto que esta ejerce en su salud global. Sin embargo, no existe un fuerte consenso sobre los indicadores que determinan el poseer una buena o una mala salud sexual, y más cuando hablamos de una población de especial vulnerabilidad dados los múltiples cambios físicos, psicológicos y sociales a los que se enfrentan en poco tiempo. En el presente estudio exponemos el proceso de construcción de una batería de instrumentos para la evaluación de la salud sexual de los niños, niñas y adolescentes. Tras la realización de un completo proceso de valoración, guiado por múltiples expertos en el área, se ha concluido que tanto los conocimientos como las actitudes (p.ej. sexismo) y habilidades sexuales (p.ej. asertividad sexual) son un indicador principal. Asimismo, los comportamientos sexuales de riesgo (p. ej. búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales, adicción al sexo, al cibersexo o conductas de sexting), también se consideran variables importantes. Disponer de una batería de instrumentos validados en este grupo poblacional que recoja todos los aspectos relevantes para la valoración de su salud sexual va a permitir, no solo conocer más sobre la misma, sino también probar si la educación afectivo-sexual que reciben es adecuada y suficiente para asegurar un desarrollo sexual saludable.

Resumen: Antecedentes y objetivo: El fenotipo de cintura hipertrigliceridémica (FCH) se define para población general. La Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC) asocia cambios en la composición corporal, elevada comorbilidad y una epidemiología reversa en relación con el colesterol y el índice de masa corporal. Nuestro objetivo fue identificar los puntos de corte en población con ERC y analizar su relación con el riesgo cardiovascular (RCV). Métodos: Incluimos 2271 enfermos renales de la cohorte NEFRONA. Seleccionamos los puntos de corte de triglicéridos y cintura mediante análisis de quintiles y curvas ROC, utilizando presencia de enfermedad ateroesclerótica moderada-severa (EA2-3) como variable resultado. Analizamos la prevalencia del mismo y su asociación con otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular, incluimos análisis de regresión multivariable para medir la magnitud de su efecto frente a las variables EA2-3 y evento o muerte cardiovascular (EoMCV). Resultados: Seleccionamos los puntos de corte: Triglicéridos ≥ 143 mg/dl con cintura > 102 cm en varones o 94 cm en mujeres (Sensibilidad 26%; Especificidad 87%). La prevalencia del FCH específico fue 22.4%, sin diferencias entre estadios de ERC. Asoció aumento de riesgo independiente frente a EA2-3 (OR 1.61; IC 95%: 1.12-2.32, p = 0.011) y EoMCV (HR 3.08; IC 95%: 1.66-5.72, p = 0.000). Identificamos una interacción entre FCH y fósforo. Conclusiones: Adaptar la definición del FCH en la población con ERC mejora su rendimiento diagnóstico. Identifica un RCV adicional en una población donde otros métodos de cribado no han mostrado utilidad, siendo de fácil acceso clínico. Su interacción con los niveles de fósforo podría reflejar un papel en la regulación del metabolismo óseo-mineral. Abstract: Background and objective: The hypertriglyceridaemic waist (HTW) phenotype is defined for the general population. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) tends to bring on changes in body composition, is associated with higher comorbidity than the general population and, furthermore, shows reverse epidemiology with related prognostic variables like cholesterol and body mass index. Our objective was to identify cut-off points in the population with CKD and to analyse its relationship with cardiovascular risk (CVR). Methods: We included 2271 CKD patients from the NEFRONA cohort. Triglyceride and waist cut-off points were selected through quintiles analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves evaluation, using the presence of moderate to severe atherosclerosis score (AS 2-3) as outcome variable. Then, we analysed HTW prevalence and its association with other cardiovascular risk factors, and we measured the magnitude of its effect on AS 2-3 and cardiovascular event or death (CVEoD) by multivariate regression analysis. Results: We selected the cut-off points: triglyceride concentrations ≥143 mg/dl with waist circumference values >102 cm in men and 94 cm in women (sensitivity 26%; specificity 87%). Specific HTW prevalence was 22.4%, without significative differences between CKD stages. The multivariate regression analysis shows specific HTW as an independent AS 2-3 (OR 1.61; 95% CI: 1.12-2.32, p = 0.011) and CVEoD (HR 3.08; 95% CI: 1.66-5.72, p = 0.000) risk factor. An interaction between phosphorus level and specific HTW was identified. Conclusions: Adapting the HTW definition might improve specificity to assess cardiovascular risk in the population with CKD. It identifies an additional CVR in a population in which other screening methods have not proven to be useful, and it is easily clinically accessible. Its interaction with phosphorus levels suggests an association between HTW and bone-mineral metabolism regulation.

The prevention of undesirable events in the work environment should be a priority and constant concern for everyone, from the worker, to be the most affected by these events, to the Director for being the maximum responsible for safety in the work environment. With the aim of promoting the prevention of occupational hazards, forming safe habits and behaviors in the workplace, and developing an organizational culture that gives value to the safety of workers, an educational multimedia was designed. For the preparation of multimedia, the Mediator 8.0 Program was used and the Photoshop CS5 and Picasa 3 Programs as support tools. The current legislation on Occupational Health and Safety was also consulted. The multimedia contains information on labor legislation, occupational risk factors, fire protection, recommendations of an advisory nature, images and video on personal protective equipment that helps managers and workers to provide a safe and healthy workplace. It offers users interesting and innovative information on safety and health at work. It is a tool that gives knowledge to workers, promotes changes in the behavior of workers in the workplace and encourages the worker to worry not only about their safety, but also about the collective work. Its dissemination takes place during the delivery of general initial instruction to new workers and is available to different types of users in the library of the institute. It allows promoting a preventive culture in the institution at all worker levels.

Chemotaxis is a molecular mechanism that confers leukocytes the ability to detect gradients of chemoattractants. Chemokine receptors are well-known regulators of chemotaxis in leukocytes; however, they can regulate several other activities in these cells. This information has been often neglected, probably due to the paramount role of chemotaxis in the immune system and in biology. Therefore, the experimental data available on the mechanisms used by chemokine receptors to regulate other functions of leukocytes is sparse. The results obtained in the study of the chemokine receptor CCR7 in dendritic cells (DCs) provide interesting information on this issue. CCR7 guides the DCs from the peripheral tissues to the lymph nodes, where these cells control T cell activation. CCR7 can regulate DC chemotaxis, survival, migratory speed, cytoarchitecture, and endocytosis. Biochemical and functional analyses show: first, that CCR7 uses in DCs the PI3K/Akt pathway to control survival, the MAPK pathway to control chemotaxis, and the RhoA pathways to regulate actin dynamics, which in turn controls migratory speed, cytoarchitecture, and endocytosis; second, that these three signaling pathways behave as modules with a high degree of independence; and third, that although each one of these routes can regulate several functions in different settings, CCR7 promotes in DCs a functional bias in each pathway. The data uncover an interesting mechanism used by CCR7 to regulate the DCs, entailing multifunctional signaling pathways organized in modules with biased functionality. A similar mechanism could be used by other chemoattractant receptors to regulate the functions of leukocytes.

Background: The ability of the student to quickly name familiar stimuli (RAN) is a factor involved in reading performance that can be evaluated indiscriminately throughout the first years of schooling. The objectiveof this study, then, is to analyze if the acquisition of this ability depends on variables related to an early initiation to the reading-writing or if its development is related to factors of chronological maturity. Method: To this end, the RAN test was applied to 71 6-7 years old children from Croatia (culture in which the initiation to reading is later); to 44 4-5 years old Spanish children (equating the two groups by age of beginning of the reading-writing) and to 43 6-7 years old Spanish children (equating the two groups by chronological age). The results show that by comparing the group of Croatian children with the group of Spanish children aged 4-5 years, significant differences stand out in the appointment times of the stimuli of the 4 different components of the test. Older children recognize numbers and letters more quickly while younger ones take longer in these stimuli, recognizing objects and colors more quickly. However, comparing the two groups of children aged 6-7 years (Croatians and Spanish), no statistically significant differences were found. It is concluded that the development of the RAN is characterized by an earlier acquisition of nonsymbolic stimuli (objects-colors) than symbolic stimuli (letters-numbers) and that this acquisition is related more to factors of chronological maturity than of age of beginning of the reading-writing. This ability, therefore, despite being closely related to the learning of reading and writing, seems to develop independently of the age at which such learning begins.

The general population does not show the same tolerance towards same-sex relationships as between heterosexuals, as does relationships between people of different ages. The aim of this study was to explore whether the tolerance towards sexual relations of people with functional diversity also depends on aspects such as the age of the members of the couple, their sexual orientation and, above all, the type of disability. For this, 450 people filled a scale of attitudes toward sexual relations in people with disabilities where two variables (age and sexual orientation) were crossed. On a scale between 1 (Totally inappropriate) and 5 (Totally adequate), the average score in the assessment of sexual activity in disability was 3.93. According to the type, the sex between the sensorial disabled was followed more appropriately, followed by between the physically disabled and thirdly between the intellectual disabled. Without distinguishing the disability, they were considered as more acceptable those sexual relations that, independently of the sexual orientation of the pair, both had near ages showing itself a modulating factor in the attitude. In conclusion, the general population maintains positive attitudes toward relationships in the disabled, although the group of the intellectually disabled continues to be the worst considered regardless of the age of the participants, their gender and whether or not they know someone with a disability. These results suggest the inclusion of attitudinal modules in programs of affective-sexual education aimed at the general population.

La participación en clase es una estrategia que muchos profesores emplean para fomentar el aprendizaje activo y reflexivo por parte de sus estudiantes. En este trabajo se exploran las relaciones entre la participación con factores disposicionales (competencias comunicativas y de estudio) y con factores contextuales (comportamientos de profesores y estudiantes) en una población de estudiantes universitarios mexicanos. Se encuentra que los dos factores determinan el 50.4% de la varianza de la participación en clase, siendo la competencia comunicativa la variable de mayor peso. Estos resultados pueden ser de utilidad en los salones de clases que asignan puntos a la participación

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar en una comunidad rural campesina las relaciones que emergen entre cocinas tradicionales y seguridad alimentaria y las transformaciones en estas prácticas culturales. A través de una observación etnográfica y entrevistas semiestructuradas, se identifican los cambios en la relación producción-alimentación desde aspectos como: deterioro y crisis de las economías campesinas, migraciones, transformaciones en la propiedad y uso del suelo. Igualmente, la incidencia de sus ciclos festivos, pues las fiestas marcan el espacio social y están ligadas con los ciclos productivos a través de sus cocinas tradicionales, haciendo evidentes los cambios que se están dando en sus hábitos alimenticios. De ahí la importancia de revitalizar esos procesos de la cultura culinaria inmersos en sus cocinas tradicionales, como un aporte para que a esta comunidad se le garantice su seguridad alimentaria y no se pierda este patrimonio a través del cual, han generado lazos de identidad y fraternidad.

El presente ensayo analiza el origen y las consecuencias del fundamentalismo, partiendo de la lectura de las obras y las cartas de Franz Rosenzweig. El término «fundamentalismo» no aparece en estos escritos, pero aun así, su estudio permite que nos acerquemos al análisis de este fenómeno. Rosenzweig analiza la relación de amor (entre los hombres y entre el hombre y Dios); también atiende especialmente al hombre concreto, al individuo: al reconocimiento del prójimo. La falta de amor y la negación del prójimo (su reducción) pueden comprenderse como el origen del fundamentalismo. Desde la filosofía de Rosenzweig, se propone una nueva forma de concebir la relación (con el hombre, con el mundo y con Dios), en la que el diálogo, el respeto a la diferencia y el amor al prójimo aparecen como centrales.

Abstract Background Effective treatment and prevention of obesity and its co-morbidities requires the recognition and understanding of cultural and social aspects of eating practices. The objective of the present study was to identify social factors and beliefs that may explain undesirable eating practices among women with high body mass index (HBMI) compared with normal-weight (NW) women from rural and urban areas classified as middle-low socioeconomic status (SES) in the State of Querétaro, Mexico. Methods A qualitative technique with individual in-depth interviews was used. Fifty-five women with either NW or HBMI from rural and urban areas participated in the study. The responses were analyzed by coding and grouping text fragments into categories in a data matrix, in order to make comparisons between BMI groups and between rural and urban women. Results The habit of skipping breakfast prevailed among women with HBMI who also reported childhood food deprivation. Feelings related to eating seemed to be more important than losing weight among women with HBMI from urban and rural areas. Thus, overweight might be interpreted as a social symbol of the enjoyment of a good life, primarily in rural areas. Overweight was socially accepted when it occurred in children and in married woman, mainly because it is a symbol of the good life that the head of the household provides, and also because women may feel more relaxed about their weight when they already have a partner. The study also revealed that women with HBMI were not sufficiently motivated to lose weight unless they experience a physical indication of poor health. Conclusion The findings from this study are helpful in the understanding of the reasons why strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity may not be as effective as expected. The belief system of particular social groups within different SESs should be considered in order to understand the etiology of obesity and develop effective strategies.

En este artículo se parte de la crítica de Feuerbach a la religión para recuperar el sentido humanista de dicha crítica, que más que una afirmación del ateísmo o una negación de la existencia de Dios es una defensa de la dignidad y de la libertad humana. A lo largo de este estudio se sitúa el pensamiento de Feuerbach más allá de la discusión entre el teísmo y el ateísmo, estableciendo un diálogo que deja a un lado las limitaciones de esta dicotomía. En la Historia de la filosofía se ha insistido en la importancia del pensamiento de Feuerbach para la posterior filosofía de la sospecha, pero en este caso se recorre una vía menos explorada: su relación con el pensamiento dialógico y la religión del amor.

Introducción: En la actualidad es ampliamente aceptada la metformina como manejo farmacológico inicial para el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2). Resulta, sin embargo, controversial si en algunos tipos de pacientes puede iniciarse tratamiento únicamente con cambios intensivos de estilo de vida o si existen grupos en quienes debería iniciarse desde el inicio terapia farmacológica combinada. Objetivo: Definir el impacto de estrategias de cambio intensivo en la dieta y de ejercicio, así como de la terapia farmacológica con metformina asociada a un segundo antidiabético oral como estrategias de manejo inicial en pacientes con DMT2 recién diagnosticada. Métodos: Se elaboró la guía de práctica clínica, siguiendo los lineamientos de la guía metodológica del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social colombiano. Se revisó la evidencia disponible de forma sistemática y se formularon las recomendaciones utilizando la metodología GRADE. Conclusiones: En pacientes con DMT2 recién diagnosticada no se recomienda el manejo únicamente con cambios intensivos del estilo de vida; estos deben acompañar el manejo farmacológico con metformina, dando prelación a los componentes de la dieta mediterránea y al ejercicio aeróbico. En los pacientes con DMT2 recién diagnosticada y niveles de HbA1C > 8 % se recomienda utilizar terapia combinada desde el inicio con metformina y otro antidiabético oral, siendo de primera elección los inhibidores de DPP-4.

Este artículo muestra la vitalidad y capacidad que el sistema de cargos tiene para adecuarse a nuevas condiciones. La unidad de análisis es la mayordomía de la Virgen del Rosario del barrio de Xochimilco, ciudad de Oaxaca. Se eligió a este barrio debido a su historia: surgió en la época mesoamericana; en la colonial adquirió las características que hasta hoy en día lo distinguen: un fuerte fervor religioso a la Virgen del Rosario; en el siglo XIX , como muni- cipio, se desarrolla el sistema de cargos que se modifica en el siglo XX al perder la categoría de municipio.

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the relationship between micronutrient status and obesity, lipids, insulin resistance and chronic inflammation in children. Weight, height, waist circumference and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)) were determined in 197 school-aged children. Lipids, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), zinc, iron and vitamins A, C and E were analyzed in blood. Vitamin C and vitamin E:lipids were negatively associated with Body Mass Index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHR) and body and abdominal fat (p < 0.05). Vitamin A was positively associated with BMI, BMI-for-age, WHR and abdominal fat (p < 0.05). Iron and vitamin E:lipids were negatively associated with insulin (p < 0.05). Vitamins A, C and E and iron were negatively associated with CRP (p < 0.05). Interaction analysis showed that children who were overweight and obese who also had low concentrations of vitamin A had higher CRP and lower triglycerides (p < 0.1), children with low vitamin E had significantly lower glucose and triglycerides (p < 0.1) and higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations (p < 0.05), and children with low zinc concentrations had higher insulin resistance compared with children with adequate weight (p < 0.05). In conclusion, low vitamin C concentration and vitamin E:lipids were associated with obesity. Furthermore, low concentrations of zinc, vitamins A and E in children who were overweight and obese were associated with lipids, inflammation and insulin resistance.

Este artículo estudia la forma en que se construye la realidad social en el estado de Oaxaca, México. Orden caracterizado por una jerarquía basada en los rasgos fenotípicos de la población. La ideología que justifica esta realidad social se caracteriza por ser racista. Se toma como unidad de análisis la fiesta folklórica más importante de Oaxaca y de México: La Guelaguetza.

Este trabajo presenta resultados derivados de un proyecto de innovacion educativa, cuyo proposito ha sido describir las emociones experimentadas por el alumnado en distintas actividades de aprendizaje apoyadas en un entorno virtual. Participan en el estudio 143 estudiantes de primer semestre del Grado de Pedagogia. Para ello, realizamos un estudio descriptivo basado en encuestas, aplicando una escala tipo likert para medir las emociones experimentadas y un diferencial semantico para medir las actitudes hacia cada tarea. La escala muestra una medida altamente valida para medir la experiencia emocional del alumnado asi como presenta indices aceptables de fiabilidad para la medida del bienestar emocional y optimos para la medida del malestar emocional. Las variables estudiadas son: las emociones experimentadas, la actitud hacia la tarea, el grado de interes hacia la asignatura y la dificultad percibida de la asignatura. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes experimentan emociones positivas como alivio y entusiasmo junto con negativas como estres y preocupacion, observandose diferencias en la experiencia emocional del alumnado durante su aprendizaje en funcion de la naturaleza de tarea, la actitud hacia la tarea, el grado de interes hacia la asignatura y la dificultad percibida de la asignatura.

Introducción: Para afrontar las necesidades de cuidados son necesarios registros clínicos que aseguren la continuidad de los mismos. Objetivo: Analizar la implantación de Planes de Cuidados en las unidades médicas del Hospital Santa Bárbara de Soria a través de GACELA Care. Material y Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal. Se analizaron 776 episodios. Variables a estudio, pacientes con Planes de Cuidados, con protocolo de ingreso en la unidad y de autocuidados, Diagnósticos de Enfermería, Complicaciones Potenciales y evaluación de resultados al ingreso y al alta. Resultados: De los 776 episodios analizados el 74,48% presentaban un correcto registro de PC Se registraron un total de 1070 DdE en todas las unidades de los cuales 526 son DdE reales (49,15%), mientras que 544 son de riesgo (50,84%).El DdE de mayor prevalencia corresponde al Riesgo de infección. La CPO que se registro con mayor frecuencia fue el Dolor. De los 578 episodios que tenían PC bien registrados en las tres unidades, sólo en 131 de ellos se habían medido indicadores al ingreso del paciente (22,66%). En ninguno de los episodios estaban medidos indicadores al alta del paciente. Conclusión: Se precisan desarrollar nuevas estrategias de gestión, así como acciones formativas encaminadas a dotar a los profesionales de conocimientos y habilidades para la correcta elaboración de Planes de Cuidados a través de GACELA y la evaluación de resultados. Abstract: Introduction: In order to confront the necessities of cares they are necessary clinical registries that they assure the continuity such. Objective: To analyze the implantation of Plans of Taken care of in the medical units of the Hospital Santa Barbara of Soria through GACELA Care. Material and Method: Observational, descriptive, retrospective and cross. 776 events were analyzed. Study variables, patients with care plans, with protocol unit admission and self-care, nursing diagnoses, potential complications, and outcomes assessment at admission and discharge. Result: Of the 776 episodes analyzed, 74.48% had a correct record of PC. There were a total of 1070 DDE in all units of which 526 are real DdE (49.15%), while 544 are at risk (50.84%). DdE most prevalent is the risk of infection. The CPO registration is more often was pain. Of the 578 episodes that were recorded on the PC either three units, only 131 of them had been measured indicators of patient admission (22.66%). In none of the episodes were measured indicators to discharge. Conclusion: They need to develop new management strategies and training activities aimed at providing professional knowledge and skills for the proper development of Care Plans through GACELA and evaluation of results. Centro de Trabajo: Complejo Asistencial de Soria. Fecha del Trabajo: 10/05/2012 Palabra Clave: Proceso de enfermería; Atención de enfermería; Cuidados de enfermería; Diagnóstico de enfermería; Plan de cuidados. Key Words: Nursing process; Nursing care; Nursing diagnosis; Care plan.

En los niños con una desnutrición energéticoproteica la intolerancia a la leche es frecuente, en ellos se trata de disminuir la cantidad de lactosa de la dieta láctea y se mezcla con fórmulas deslactosadas. El arroz es uno de los productos naturales que puede utilizarse. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo para evaluar la eficacia de la papilla de arroz en la dieta de lactantes desnutridos con intolerancia a la lactosa, se tuvo en cuenta la cantidad de diarreas diarias, ganancia de peso, tolerabilidad y palatividad. El tratamiento de la mezcla hipolactosada de arroz con la dieta láctea de cada niño fue eficaz; sólo el 13.80 % de los lactantes en estudio presentaron más de cuatro diarreas diarias, el 24.14 % mostró ganancia inadecuada, por lo que su uso en lactantes menores de seis meses debe ser valorado, el 20.69 % no toleró la fórmula y el 95.10 % la aceptó.

Sin resumen

Se realizó un estudio exploratorio mediante interrogatorio a un grupo de operadoras de pantallas de visualización que laboraban de forma continua en la introducción o captación de datos, con el objetivo de determinar la posible asociación de esta actividad laboral con alteraciones patológicas, la presencia de fatiga y estrés. Se observó relación entre las alteraciones de salud más frecuentes reportadas (fatiga, síntomas osteomioarticulares, trastornos oculares y nerviosos) y la existencia de condiciones ergonómicas deficientes, todo ello asociado a situaciones estresantes, lo cual coincide con hallazgos reportados por otros autores.