638 results on '"Olsson, David"'
Search Results
152. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of brain tumor: the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)
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Andersen, Zorana J, primary, Pedersen, Marie, additional, Weinmayr, Gudrun, additional, Stafoggia, Massimo, additional, Galassi, Claudia, additional, Jørgensen, Jeanette T, additional, Sommar, Johan N, additional, Forsberg, Bertil, additional, Olsson, David, additional, Oftedal, Bente, additional, Aasvang, Gunn Marit, additional, Schwarze, Per, additional, Pyko, Andrei, additional, Pershagen, Göran, additional, Korek, Michal, additional, Faire, Ulf De, additional, Östenson, Claes-Göran, additional, Fratiglioni, Laura, additional, Eriksen, Kirsten T, additional, Poulsen, Aslak H, additional, Tjønneland, Anne, additional, Bräuner, Elvira Vaclavik, additional, Peeters, Petra H, additional, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, additional, Jaensch, Andrea, additional, Nagel, Gabriele, additional, Lang, Alois, additional, Wang, Meng, additional, Tsai, Ming-Yi, additional, Grioni, Sara, additional, Marcon, Alessandro, additional, Krogh, Vittorio, additional, Ricceri, Fulvio, additional, Sacerdote, Carlotta, additional, Migliore, Enrica, additional, Vermeulen, Roel, additional, Sokhi, Ranjeet, additional, Keuken, Menno, additional, de Hoogh, Kees, additional, Beelen, Rob, additional, Vineis, Paolo, additional, Cesaroni, Giulia, additional, Brunekreef, Bert, additional, Hoek, Gerard, additional, and Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, additional
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- 2017
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153. Beam Commissioning and Initial Measurements on the MAX IV 3 GeV Linac
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Thorin, Sara, Andersson, Joel, Curbis, Francesca, Eriksson, Mikael, Isaksson, Lennart, Karlberg, Olivia, Kumbaro, Dionis, Lindau, Filip, Mansten, Erik, Olsson, David, and Werin, Sverker
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Physics::Accelerator Physics ,Status of Projects and Facilities ,Accelerator Physics - Abstract
The linear accelerator at the MAX IV facility in Lund, Sweden, was constructed for injection and top up of the two storage rings and as a high brightness driver for the Short Pulse Facility. It is also prepared to be used as an injector for a possible future Free Electron Laser. Installation of the linac was completed and beam commissioning started in the early fall of 2014. In this paper we present the progress during the first phase of commissioning along with results from initial measurements of optics, emittance, beam energy and charge., Proceedings of the 37th International Free Electron Laser Conference, FEL2015, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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- 2015
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154. Initial Commissioning Results of the MAX IV Injector
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Andersson, Joel, Curbis, Francesca, Eriksson, Mikael, Kumbaro, Dionis, Lindau, Filip, Mansten, Erik, Olsson, David, Thorin, Sara, and Werin, Sverker
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FEL Technology and HW: Gun, RF, Laser, Cathodes ,Accelerator Physics - Abstract
The MAX IV facility in Lund, Sweden is currently under commissioning. In the MAX IV injector there are two guns, one thermionic gun for storage ring injection and one photocathode gun for the Short Pulse Facility. The commissioning of the injector and the LINAC has been ongoing for the last year and ring commissioning is due to start shortly. In this paper we will present the results from beam performance experiments for the injector at the current stage of commissioning., Proceedings of the 37th International Free Electron Laser Conference, FEL2015, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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- 2015
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155. Musiklärarens motiverande metoder i grundskolan
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Olsson, David
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Pedagogy ,Pedagogik ,Social Sciences ,Samhällsvetenskap - Published
- 2015
156. Occupational biomechanical risk factors for radial nerve entrapment in a 13-year prospective study among male construction workers.
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Jackson, Jennie A., Olsson, David, Burdorf, Alex, Punnett, Laura, Järvholm, Bengt, and Wahlström, Jens
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Objectives: The aim was to assess the association between occupational biomechanical exposure and the occurrence of radial nerve entrapment (RNE) in construction workers over a 13-year follow-up period.Methods: A cohort of 229 707 male construction workers who participated in a national occupational health surveillance programme (1971-1993) was examined prospectively (2001-2013) for RNE. Height, weight, age, smoking status and job title (construction trade) were obtained on health examination. RNE case status was defined by surgical release of RNE, with data from the Swedish national registry for out-patient surgery records. A job exposure matrix was developed, and biomechanical exposure estimates were assigned according to job title. Highly correlated exposures were summed into biomechanical exposure scores. Negative binomial models were used to estimate the relative risks (RR) (incidence rate ratios) of RNE surgical release for the biomechanical factors and exposure sum scores. Predicted incidence was assessed for each exposure score modelled as a continuous variable to assess exposure-response relationships.Results: The total incidence rate of surgically treated RNE over the 13-year observation period was 3.53 cases per 100 000 person-years. There were 92 cases with occupational information. Increased risk for RNE was seen in workers with elevated hand-grip forces (RR=1.79, 95% CI 0.97 to 3.28) and exposure to hand-arm vibration (RR=1.47, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.00).Conclusions: Occupational exposure to forceful handgrip work and vibration increased the risk for surgical treatment of RNE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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157. Occupational biomechanical risk factors for surgically treated ulnar nerve entrapment in a prospective study of male construction workers.
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Jackson, Jennie A., Olsson, David, Punnett, Laura, Burdorf, Alex, Järvholm, Bengt, and Wahlström, Jens
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INDUSTRIAL hygiene ,CONSTRUCTION workers ,SMOKING ,JOB titles ,CONCRETE - Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the association between occupational biomechanical exposures and occurrence of surgically treated ulnar nerve entrapment (UNE). Methods A cohort of 229 689 male construction workers who participated in a national occupational health surveillance program (1971-1993) were examined prospectively over a 13-year case ascertainment period (2001-2013) for surgically treated UNE. Job title (construction trade), smoking status, height, weight and age were recorded on examination. Job titles were merged into occupational groups of workers performing similar work tasks and having similar training. Occupational biomechanical exposure estimates were assigned to each occupational group with a job exposure matrix (JEM) developed for the study. Negative binomial models were used to assess the relative risks for each biomechanical exposure and the sums of highly correlated biomechanical exposures. Surgical treatment of UNE was determined via a linkage with the Swedish Hospital Outpatient Surgery Register. Results There were 555 cases of surgically treated UNE within the cohort. Workers exposed to forceful handgrip factors had a 1.4-fold higher relative risk (95% CI 1.18-1.63) of undergoing surgical treatment for UNE compared to unexposed workers. Occupational groups comprising workers exposed to forceful hand-grip work showed the highest risks for UNE and included concrete workers, floor layers, ground preparatory workers, rock blasters, and sheet-metal workers. Conclusion Forceful hand-grip work increases the risk for surgically treated ulnar nerve entrapment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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158. Most patients with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency develop pathological or subnormal retinal function
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Fahnehjelm, Kristina Tear, Liu, Ying, Olsson, David, Amren, Urban, Haglind, Charlotte Bieneck, Holmström, Gerd, Halldin, Maria, Andreasson, Sten, Nordenstrom, Anna, Fahnehjelm, Kristina Tear, Liu, Ying, Olsson, David, Amren, Urban, Haglind, Charlotte Bieneck, Holmström, Gerd, Halldin, Maria, Andreasson, Sten, and Nordenstrom, Anna
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Aim: There have been few studies on long-term electroretinographic findings in patients with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD). This study correlated long-term electroretinographic findings with age, metabolic control and clinical symptoms. Methods: We examined 12 Swedish patients with LCHADD. Visual acuity testing, fundus examinations, optical coherence tomography and electroretinography were performed. The results were correlated to age, the levels of 3-hydroxyacylcarnitine and acylcarnitine and clinical metabolic control. Results: Blindness or moderate visual impairment was found in two patients. Retinal pigmentation, atrophy and fibrosis were present in 11, seven and one of the patients, respectively, and optical coherence tomography showed retinal thinning in three of the six patients examined. Electroretinography was performed on 11 of the 12 patients. It was pathological, with reduced rod and cone responses, in five patients, subnormal in four and was related to poor clinical metabolic control and severe neonatal symptoms. Repeated electroretinographies revealed reduced function with increasing age. Conclusion: More than 80% of the LCHADD patients developed pathological or subnormal retinal function. This was more pronounced in patients with neonatal symptoms, but ameliorated by strict dietary treatment. Annual ophthalmological follow-ups, with electroretinography every second or third year, are recommended.
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- 2016
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159. Lost in Translation? : How Climate Change Adaptation Comes to Matter in Physical Planning
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Olsson, David and Olsson, David
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The claim made in this paper is that its critical ANT approach offers a way to study the integration of climate change adaptation (CCA) in public organizations that is more perceptive to both non-human elements and to marginalized concerns, as compared to previous research on CCA. More specifically, the approach illuminates two key aspects currently neglected in the literature on CCA, namely: (i) the challenges of translation posed by both human and non-human actants, and (ii) the care (or not) for marginalized concerns in CCA performativity, viewed from a ‘matters of care’ perspective. A preliminary empirical study on the integration of CCA in physical planning in four Swedish municipalities will be used to illustrate the importance of these two factors. The selected municipalities exemplify different regional spaces, primarily regarding population density and population size. The rationale behind this case selection strategy is to capture a diversity of translation strategies and challenges facing the municipalities’ when attempting integrate CCA in their organization. But why is the study focusing on Swedish municipalities? There are two primary reasons for this. First, this is a field marked by uncertainties as to how CCA should be translated into the municipal organization. That is, on the one hand, municipalities’ are supposed to carry out the bulk of CCA, in particular in physical planning. On the other hand, the integration of CCA is marked by several uncertainties due to e.g. unclear distribution of responsibilities, ambiguous legislation, and uncertainties regarding the support from the national government. In other words, CCA is supposed to be integrated in the municipal organizations but the process of translation is uncertain and not yet stabilized in many of them. Their integration of CCA thus provides opportunity to study the formation of a new field of translation and the challenges facing this process. Second, in some policy documents and Swedish pu
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- 2016
160. Lost in Translation? : A Framework for Studying Care for Marginalized Concerns in Climate Adapted Planning Assemblages
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Olsson, David and Olsson, David
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- 2016
161. Adverse effects of exposure to air pollutants during fetal development and early life : with focus on pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, and childhood asthma
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Olsson, David
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Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin ,pregnancy outcomes ,Air pollution ,Occupational Health and Environmental Health ,asthma - Abstract
Background Air pollution exposure has been shown to have adverse effects on several health outcomes, and numerous studies have reported associations with cardiovascular morbidity, respiratory disease, and mortality. Over the last decade, an increasing number of studies have investigated possible associations with pregnancy outcomes, including preterm delivery. High levels of vehicle exhaust in residential neighborhoods have been associated with respiratory effects, including childhood asthma, and preterm birth is also associated with childhood asthma. The first aim of this thesis was to investigate possible associations between air pollution exposure and pregnancy outcomes – primarily preterm delivery but also small for gestational age (SGA) and pre-eclampsia – in a large Swedish population (Papers I–III). The second aim was to study any association between exposure to high levels of vehicle exhaust during pregnancy and infancy and prescribed asthma medication in childhood (Paper IV). Methods The study cohorts were constructed by matching other individual data to the Swedish Medical Birth Register. In the first two studies, air pollution data from monitoring stations were used, and in the third and fourth studies traffic intensity and dispersion model data were used.Preterm delivery was defined as giving birth before 37 weeks of gestation. SGA was defined as having a birth weight below the 10th percentile for a given duration of gestation. Pre-eclampsia was defined as having any of the ICD-10 diagnosis codes O11 (pre-existing hypertension with pre-eclampsia), O13 (gestational hypertension without significant proteinuria), O14 (gestational hypertension with significant proteinuria), or O15 (eclampsia). Childhood asthma medication was defined as having been prescribed asthma medication between the ages of five and six years. Results We observed an association between ozone exposure during the first trimester and preterm delivery. First trimester ozone exposure was also associated with pre-eclampsia. The modeled concentration of nitrogen oxides at the home address was associated with pre-eclampsia, but critical time windows were not possible to investigate due to high correlations between time windows. We did not observe any association between air pollution exposure and SGA. High levels of vehicle exhaust at the home address, estimated by nitrogen oxides and traffic intensity, were associated with a lower risk of asthma medication. Conclusion Air pollution exposure during pregnancy was associated with preterm delivery and pre-eclampsia. We did not observe any association between air pollution levels and intrauterine growth measured as SGA. No harmful effect of air pollution exposure during pregnancy or infancy on the risk of being prescribed asthma medication between five and six years of age was observed.
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- 2014
162. Teknikundervisning - ett ämne i skymundan? : Sex lärares berättelser
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Karlsson, Anki and Olsson, David
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teknikförståelse ,Teknikundervisning ,grundskolans tidigare år ,narrativ analys ,intervju - Abstract
Denna studie syftar till att undersöka vilken teknikförståelse som grundskollärare har, samt att erhålla ytterligare kunskap om hur grundskolelärarna själva anser att teknikundervisningen bedrivs och borde bedrivas. Studien är uppdelad i ett antal delar som inleds med en bakgrund samt en begreppsdefinition på teknik. Efter detta följer en litteraturöversikt där tidigare forskning och teoretiska utgångspunkter presenteras. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna grundar sig i en triangulär prisma vars olika sidor motsvarar fem olika dimensioner av teknikförståelse. Därefter presenteras studiens syfte och frågeställningar följt av ett metodavsnitt. Vi har använt oss av metoden intervjuer och genomfört sådana med sex lärare i grundskolans tidigare år. Resultatet presenteras genom narrativa analyser, som sedan tolkas och diskuteras utifrån tidigare forskning. Studien avslutas med våra slutsatser. Majoriteten av lärarna i denna studie har en teknikförståelse som berör praktiskt arbete, exempelvis konstruktion, samt den historiska processen där de fokuserar på att ge eleverna en bild av hur tekniken och tekniska artefakter har förändrats över tid. De flesta lärarna bedriver teknikundervisning kontinuerligt, men en av lärarna i studien upplever att det blir stressigt att hinna med teknikundervisningen och istället har en vecka i slutet av terminen för att hinna med de mål som står i läroplanen. Många lärare anser att teknikundervisningen ska bedrivas mestadels praktiskt men även tematiskt där en koppling till andra ämnen sker.
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- 2014
163. Hälsa och välfärdsteknologi i tredje åldern : En explorativ marknadsundersökning kring teknik och hälsa inom äldreomsorg
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Nordahl, Tobias and Olsson, David
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äldrevård ,välfärdteknologi ,marknadsundersökning - Abstract
This report is a market research for the company 4 Body and Mind, a start-up company that works with personal training online. They wanted to know if the market for elderly care could be interesting for them to enter. This report is hence a research of the market for health and welfare technology in elderly care within the public sector in Sweden. A general fact is that the world's population is getting older. This combined with rapid growth of individuals in the age 65+ changes the demands on the elderly care in Sweden’s municipalities. How do municipalities work today with the modernization of elderly care? What possibilities and barriers are there for a small company that wants to enter a market, which is regulated by the law on public procurement? What factors does research point out as essential for healthy aging? To answer questions like this we reviewed results from earlier research and integrate it with empirically collected material from interviews. We have then used classic market analyzing tools to evaluate data. The result shows that the market will continue to grow, because of the change in the demographic distribution, and that it could be an interesting market for the company. One conclusion is that to partnering up with a municipality on the market with knowledge, involvement and a big network could help 4 Body and Mind with a first step into the market. Another conclusion is that a potential end user could be an individual in the third age.
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- 2014
164. Most patients with long‐chain 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency develop pathological or subnormal retinal function
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Fahnehjelm, Kristina Teär, primary, Liu, Ying, additional, Olsson, David, additional, Amrén, Urban, additional, Haglind, Charlotte Bieneck, additional, Holmström, Gerd, additional, Halldin, Maria, additional, Andreasson, Sten, additional, and Nordenström, Anna, additional
- Published
- 2016
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165. Self-reported traffic exposure is not strongly correlated with modelled NOx in a Northern European cohort study
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Carlsen, Hanne Krage, primary, Olsson, David, additional, Gislason, Thorarinn, additional, Hellgren, Johan, additional, Janson, Christer, additional, Johannessen, Ane, additional, Jögi, Rain, additional, Sigsgaard, Torben, additional, and Forsberg, Bertil, additional
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- 2016
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166. Childhood asthma in relation to maternal and paternal preconceptional nicotine exposures
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Braback, Lennart, primary, Lodge, Caroline, additional, Lowe, Adrian, additional, Dharmage, Shyamali, additional, Olsson, David, additional, and Forsberg, Bertil, additional
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- 2016
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167. Self-reported traffic exposure is not strongly correlated modelled NOx in a Northern European cohort study
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Carlsen*, Hanne Krage, primary, Olsson, David, additional, Gislason, Thorarinn, additional, Hellgren, Johan, additional, Janson, Christer, additional, Johannessen, Ane, additional, Jögi, Rain, additional, Sigsgaard, Torben, additional, and Forsberg, Bertil, additional
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- 2016
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168. Air pollution at home and pregnancy outcomes
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Olsson*, David, primary and Forsberg, Bertil, additional
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- 2016
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169. Exposure to Seasonal Temperatures during the Last Month of Gestation and the Risk of Preterm Birth in Stockholm
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Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana M., Olsson, David, Forsberg, Bertil, Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana M., Olsson, David, and Forsberg, Bertil
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Recent evidence from studies performed mainly in warm climates suggests an association between exposure to extreme temperatures late in pregnancy and an increased risk of preterm delivery. However, there have been fewer studies on the effect of low temperatures. The aim of this study is to explore the potential association between both heat and cold during late pregnancy and an increased risk of preterm birth in the northern location of Stockholm, Sweden. All singleton spontaneous births that took place in greater Stockholm (1998-2006) were included. Non-linear and delayed effects of mean temperature on the risk of preterm birth were explored through distributed lag non-linear models. Extreme and moderate heat and cold were estimated separately through quasi-Poisson regression analysis in two seasonal periods (heat in warm season, cold in cold season). The risk of preterm birth increased by 4%-5% when the mean temperature reached the 75th percentile (moderate heat) four weeks earlier (reference: the annual median value), with a maximum cumulative risk ratio of 2.50 (95% confidence interval: 1.02-6.15). Inconsistent associations were obtained for cold and extreme heat. Exposure to moderately high temperatures during late pregnancy might be associated with an increase in risk of preterm birth in Stockholm.
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- 2015
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170. Traffic pollution at the home address and pregnancy outcomes in Stockholm, Sweden
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Olsson, David, Mogren, Ingrid, Eneroth, Kristina, Forsberg, Bertil, Olsson, David, Mogren, Ingrid, Eneroth, Kristina, and Forsberg, Bertil
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BACKGROUND: For the past two decades, several studies have reported associations between elevated levels of ambient air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes, although with varying conclusions. OBJECTIVES: To examine possible associations between the traffic pollution situation at the home address, for women who did not change address during pregnancy, and three types of pregnancy outcomes: spontaneous preterm delivery, children born small for gestational age (SGA) and pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders. METHODS: We used data for the Greater Stockholm Area from the Swedish Medical Birth Register to construct a cohort based on all pregnancies conceived between July 1997 and March 2006, n=100 190. The pregnancy average nitrogen oxide, NOx, levels and annual mean daily vehicles at the home address were used as exposure variables. Mixed-model logistic regression was performed to assess any associations between exposure and outcome. RESULTS: There was an association between elevated traffic pollution exposure during pregnancy and pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders. A 10 µg/m(3) increase in the pregnancy average NOx level at the home address resulted in an OR of 1.17 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.26). The 2nd to 4th quartiles of NOx were all associated with an increased risk of SGA, but there was no difference in the risk estimate among the higher quartiles. There was a tendency of a higher risk of spontaneous preterm delivery in relation to higher levels of NOx. There was no evidence of an association between vehicle flow, the cruder indicator of traffic pollution, and the studied outcomes in this study. CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort, there was a fairly strong association between vehicle exhaust levels at the home address and pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders, after adjustment for important risk factors.
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- 2015
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171. Re-conceptualizing Municipal Responses to Climate Change : An Alternative Approach to the Study of Climate Change Adaptation
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Olsson, David and Olsson, David
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- 2015
172. Vindkraft i motvind : En studie om kommunikation kring ett vindkraftprojekt
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Olsson, David, Alterbeck, Jonas, and Löfgren, Patrik
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Etableringen av en vindkraftspark är sällan okontroversiell och involverar en stor mängd intressenter i form av företag, myndigheter, föreningar och privatpersoner. I den här Cuppsatsen studeras ett planerat vindkraftsprojekt på Mästermyr utanför Hemse på Gotland. Mästermyrprojektet är ett tydligt exempel på en lång och utdragen planeringsprocess som i slutändan ledde fram till att byggtillståndet överklagades och att projektet lades ner. Kommunikation i vindkraftsprojekt har i rapporten Wind energy and local acceptance: Howto get beyond the Nimby effect identifierats som ett effektivt vapen mot NIMBY-effekten. NIMBY står för ”not in my backyard” och med detta menas att människor och organisationer ogärna vill ha vindkraftverk i sin närhet även om de över lag är för vindkraft.Uppsatsens syfte är således att studera kommunikationen i Mästermyrsprojektet för att svara på vad i processen som leder fram till att byggtillståndet överklagas samt vilka möjligheter att påverka utbyggnadsplanen som intressenter har haft. Data till rapporten har samlats in genom intervjuer med sex personer med centrala roller i projektet. Utöver det så har dokumentation i form av mötesprotokoll och samrådsredogörelsen från samrådsprocessen använts som underlag för att kartlägga kommunikationen och identifiera vilka intressenter som varit relevanta att intervjua. Den insamlade data har sedan analyserats med hjälp av ett teoretiskt ramverk för utvärdering av så kallade Cross Sector Partnerships(XSPs).Slutsatserna visar att det är intressenternas olika mål riktningar som hindrade en kompromiss och därmed ledde fram till att projektet överklagades. Två nya begrepp, hierarki och kunskap, inkorporeras också i teorin för att tydliggöra aktörernas möjlighet att påverka projektets mål riktning. De två nya begreppen visar att aktörernas position i hierarkin avgör i vilken mån de kan påverka projektet och att kunskap i en sakfråga kan få en aktör att stiga i hierarkin. Ytterligare en slutsats är att delad kunskap mellan aktörerna i en sakfråga ökar chanserna till en gemensam agenda
- Published
- 2013
173. Totalstation jämförd med mmGPS
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Olsson, David
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Teknik ,Technology ,mmGPS ,totalstation ,mätning ,byggmätning - Abstract
Validerat; 20130418 (global_studentproject_submitter)
- Published
- 2013
174. Analys och utvärdering av logistik vid byggandet av kvarteret Spinnrocken i Norrköping
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Lohm Isberg, Maximilian and Olsson, David
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Spinnrocken ,Skanska ,logistics ,perfect order fulfillment ,leveransprecision ,SCOR ,logistik ,Lundbergs ,Fastighets AB L E Lundbergs ,Bygglogistik ,Supply Chain Operations Reference Model ,Construction logistics - Abstract
The construction industry is a business with an intense flow of both material and information that require well-functioning logistics in order to not suffer from unnecessarily high costs. Suppliers play a big part regarding the costs of the distribution and handling of material and due to this a construction project’s costs are affected a great deal by the suppliers’ actions. Spinnrocken is a construction project in the town center of Norrköping. The real estate company Fastighets AB L E Lundbergs is the client and the construction company Skanska is contracted as sole constructor for the project. Spinnrocken is planned to be finalized in the summer of 2014 and consists of several rental-apartments and some smaller businesses. Spinnrocken and its central location result in major logistic challenges, because of this Lundbergs and Skanska want to analyze and evaluate the project’s logistic performance. The main purpose of this thesis is to measure the order fulfillment of interior materials, the scaffold material Doka and windows at Spinnrocken by using the so-called perfect order fulfillment measure, as defined in Supply Chain Operations Reference Model. Perfect order fulfillment indicates the delivery performance to the construction site.The combined perfect order fulfillment for the three investigated materials is 18 %. A perfect order fulfillment of 18 % means that only one out of five inspected deliveries to Spinnrocken was considered having no faults at all. The effects of a low perfect order fulfillment are disruptions in the short-term time schedule, delayed operations, additional work and that the work space at the construction site is occupied by unnecessary construction material. The resulting effects thereby affects the project’s economy negatively.
- Published
- 2013
175. USA:s invasion av Irak : EN studie av hur Bushadministrationen motiverade invasionen av Irak 2003, och hur motiveringen förhåller sig till FN-stadgan
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Olsson, David
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Makt ,NSS ,FN Bushadministrationen ,Säkerhet ,Political Science ,Statsvetenskap ,Irak ,Massförstörelsevapen ,USA ,Realismen - Abstract
2003 invaderade USA tillsammans med ett antal av dess allierade Irak. Invasionen genomfördes utan mandat från FN:s säkerhetsråd. Uppsatsen handlar om hur USA och Bushadministrationen motiverade den invasionen och om hur FN:s och FN-stadgans regelverk reglerar internationell våldsanvändning.Syfte med uppsatsen är att se hur Bushadministrationens motiveringar förhåller sig till FN-stadgan och till den tillhörande resolutioner.Detta har gjorts genom en kvalitativ textanalys där tal och officiella dokument analyserats. Som teoretisk grund har realismen använts. Realismen har även använts som en förklaringsmodell för varför USA handlade som de gjorde.Resultatet i uppsatsen visar att USA:s invasion av Irak 2003 ej var förenlig med FN-stadgan och till den tillhörande resolutioner. Men tydliga kopplingar mellan USA:s aggerande och Realismen kan identifieras.
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- 2012
176. Bloggläsande och konsumtion : En kvalitativ studie om sju unga kvinnors konsumtion i relation till deras bloggläsande
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Briding, Johanna and Hanses Olsson, David
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Sociology ,Sociologi ,bloggläsare ,unga kvinnor ,mode ,konsumtion ,identitetsskapande ,Blogg - Abstract
Internetanvändandet i Sverige ökar och en väsentlig del av Internetanvändandet inbegriper bloggar. Bloggläsande är mest populärt bland unga kvinnor och det är just denna grupp studien syftar att undersöka. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur bloggläsare påverkas av det de läser i bloggar, med fokus på bloggläsares konsumtion och reflektera över hur det i sin tur påverkar bloggläsares identitetsskapande. Huvuddelen av tidigare forskning inom ämnet blogg har belyst bloggförfattarnas perspektiv. Den tidigare forskning vi presenterar i arbetet visar att bloggförfattare kan använda bloggen som ett verktyg i sitt identitetsskapande. Vi vill istället fokusera på bloggläsarnas perspektiv. Studier som har haft bloggläsare som utgångspunkt har visat att en stor del av de som läser bloggar någon gång har köpt en produkt eller tjänst som de har läst om i en blogg. Det har också framkommit att tjejer i högre grad än killar hämtar inspiration till framtida inköp genom bloggar. Vårt empiriska material består av tematiskt öppna intervjuer med sju aktiva kvinnliga bloggläsare. Vår teoretiska ram bygger på teorier om identitetskapande och angränsande teorier av Anthony Giddens, Thomas Ziehe och Erving Goffman. Vi har även inkluderat grundläggande teorier om konsumtion av Zygmunt Bauman och Thorstein Veblen samt en grundläggande teori om mode av Georg Simmel. Vårt resultat visar att respondenterna använder bloggen som en inspirationskälla till konsumtion. Det gäller främst klädinköp, kosmetikainköp, smyckeinköp och i viss mån matinköp. Respondenterna söker inte inspiration i bloggar till resor och plastikoperationer och de anser inte att de konsumerar mer som ett resultat av att de är bloggläsare. De efterstävar inte bloggarens utseende i helhet. Respondenterna är medvetna om att bloggare blir sponsrade och får betalt för att skriva om vissa varor och tjänster, men det stoppar dem inte från att inhandla varan eller utnyttja tjänsten. Bloggarna är en av de grupper som tagit över den arbetsfria klassens roll som inspirationskälla till konsumtion hos respondenterna. Trots detta skäms de över att de läser bloggar och vill inte att alla ska veta om det. Bloggen fungerar även som ett verktyg i respondenternas skapande och återskapande av självidentiteten då bloggläsandet leder till en viss sorts konsumtion, som i sin tur leder till identitetsskapande.
- Published
- 2011
177. Trend towards capital markets
- Author
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Olsson, David and Jaques, Mallesons Stephen
- Subjects
Australia -- Political aspects ,Energy industry -- Political aspects ,Privatization -- Energy policy ,Business ,Business, international - Abstract
The wave of privatisations of government utilities in Australia in the 1990s underwrote the strength of the syndicated lending market at that time. With much of that debt now falling [...]
- Published
- 2000
178. LATE-BREAKING ABSTRACT: Does grandmaternal smoking increase the risk of asthma in grandchildren?
- Author
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Lodge, Caroline, primary, Lowe, Adrian, additional, Dharmage, Shyamali, additional, Olsson, David, additional, Forsberg, Bertil, additional, and Bråbäck, Lennart, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
179. Traffic pollution at the home address and pregnancy outcomes in Stockholm, Sweden
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Olsson, David, primary, Mogren, Ingrid, additional, Eneroth, Kristina, additional, and Forsberg, Bertil, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
180. Exposure to Seasonal Temperatures during the Last Month of Gestation and the Risk of Preterm Birth in Stockholm
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Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana, primary, Olsson, David, additional, and Forsberg, Bertil, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
181. A university brand
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Ingbrant, Robin and Olsson, David
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universitets varumärke ,university brand ,Business Administration ,Företagsekonomi - Abstract
Konkurrensen om studenter och resurser har ökat bland universiteten. För att klara av konkurrensen har universitet aktivt börjat arbeta med varumärkesbyggande för att skapa starka varumärken. Den största delen av forskningen om varumärken har bedrivits på kommersiella organisationer och den forskning som finns om universitets varumärken har inte studerat svenska universitet. Denna uppsats vill öka kunskapen om vad ett svenskt universitets varumärke kan bestå av, vilken betydelse ett varumärke kan få och hur det byggs samt vilka problem som kan uppstå. För att lyckas med detta har en fallstudie bedrivits på Örebro universitet. Studien bygger på kvalitativ data, som erhölls genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer och visual card sorting methods. Data erhölls från 14 respondenter. Dessa respondenter representerar intressentgruppern studenter, fakulteten, ledningen, samarbetsorganisationer samt kommun/landsting då dessa är bland de mest betydelsefulla intressenterna för ett universitet. Denna uppsats kommer fram till att universitets varumärken är komplexa. Det finns flera olika faktorer som spelar in, kvalitet på utbildningar kan dock anses vara den enskilt viktigaste. Då universitet är tjänstevarumärke kan även mindre detaljer bli viktiga. Om ett universitet har ett starkt varumärke kan detta innebära många fördelar både för universitet och dess intressenter, tillexempel högre kvalitet och en bättre ekonomi. Det finns många risker och problem som kan uppstå när ett universitet arbetar med varumärkesbyggande. Dessa kan resultera i att varumärket skadas. Universitets varumärkesbyggande är således en balansgång då fördelarna med ett starkt varumärke måste väga upp kostnaderna och riskerna., Competition to obtain students and resources has increased among the universities. To cope with competition the universities actively started to work with brand building to create a strong brand. The bulk of research on brands has however been conducted on commercial organizations and the research available on universities brands have not studied Swedish universities. The aim of this paper is to raise awareness of what a Swedish university's brand may consist of, the importance of the brand, how it is built and the problems that may arise. To achieve this a case study has been conducted on Örebro university. The study is based on qualitative data, obtained through semi- structured interviews and visual card sorting methods. Data was obtained from 14 respondents. These respondents represent different stakeholders of the university. The different stakeholders studied are students, faculty, management, co-operating organisations and municipality/province. These are the stakeholders considered the most important for a university. This paper concludes that university's brands are complex. There are several factors affecting the brand but the quality of education can be regarded as the single most important. A university is a service brand which means that also smaller details becomes important. If a university has a strong brand this can mean many advantages for both the university and its stakeholders, including higher quality and a better economy. However there are also risks and problems that may arise when a university is working with brand building. University's brand-building is thus a balancing act in which the benefits of a strong brand must outweigh the costs and risks.
- Published
- 2010
182. Application development for mobile devices
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Olsson, David
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Blocket ,Android ,Applikationsutveckling - Abstract
I denna slutreflektion beskriver jag vad det var som fick mig att börja med applikationsutveckling till mobila enheter. Vilka mina tankar och planer var i början respektive slutet av projektet. Även hur jag gått tillväga för att skapa en mobilapplikation till Sveriges ledande annonssajt Blocket.se. Jag beskriver också hur jag gjorde min research i början av projektet och även vilken sorts mjukvara jag valde att arbeta med. Hur jag tog mina idéer och tankar från bilder i huvudet till skisser på ett papper, för att sedan förbättra det digitalt på datorn. Jag går även igenom mina arbetsmetoder och vilka delar som hjälpt mig till framgång. In this final reflection, I describe what it was that got me to start with application development for mobile devices. What my thoughts was and plans were in the beginning and end of the project. Also how procedures used to create a mobile application for the Swedish leading ad site Blocket.se. I also describe how I did my research in the beginning of the project and also what kind of software I chose to work with. How I took my ideas and thoughts from the images in my head to the sketches on paper, and then enhance it digitally on my computer. I also go through my working methods and what parts helped me to success. Detta är en reflektionsdel till en digital medieproduktion.
- Published
- 2010
183. Performance of multi-city land use regression models for nitrogen dioxide and fine particles
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Wang, Meng, Beelen, Rob, Bellander, Tom, Birk, Matthias, Cesaroni, Giulia, Cirach, Marta, Cyrys, Josef, de Hoogh, Kees, Declercq, Christophe, Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, Eeftens, Marloes, Eriksen, Kirsten T., Forastiere, Francesco, Galassi, Claudia, Grivas, Georgios, Heinrich, Joachim, Hoffmann, Barbara, Ineichen, Alex, Korek, Michal, Lanki, Timo, Lindley, Sarah, Modig, Lars, Mölter, Anna, Nafstad, Per, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J., Nystad, Wenche, Olsson, David, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Ragettli, Martina, Ranzi, Andrea, Stempfelet, Morgane, Sugiri, Dorothea, Tsai, Ming Yi, Udvardy, Orsolya, Varró, Mihaly J., Vienneau, Danielle, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Wolf, Kathrin, Yli-Tuomi, Tarja, Hoek, Gerard, Brunekreef, Bert, Wang, Meng, Beelen, Rob, Bellander, Tom, Birk, Matthias, Cesaroni, Giulia, Cirach, Marta, Cyrys, Josef, de Hoogh, Kees, Declercq, Christophe, Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, Eeftens, Marloes, Eriksen, Kirsten T., Forastiere, Francesco, Galassi, Claudia, Grivas, Georgios, Heinrich, Joachim, Hoffmann, Barbara, Ineichen, Alex, Korek, Michal, Lanki, Timo, Lindley, Sarah, Modig, Lars, Mölter, Anna, Nafstad, Per, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J., Nystad, Wenche, Olsson, David, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Ragettli, Martina, Ranzi, Andrea, Stempfelet, Morgane, Sugiri, Dorothea, Tsai, Ming Yi, Udvardy, Orsolya, Varró, Mihaly J., Vienneau, Danielle, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Wolf, Kathrin, Yli-Tuomi, Tarja, Hoek, Gerard, and Brunekreef, Bert
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Land use regression (LUR) models have mostly been developed to explain intra-urban variations in air pollution based on often small local monitoring campaigns. Transferability of LUR models from city to city has been investigated, but little is known about the performance of models based on large numbers of monitoring sites covering a large area. OBJECTIVES: To develop European and regional LUR models and to examine their transferability to areas not used for model development. METHODS: We evaluated LUR models for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and Particulate Matter (PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance) by combining standardized measurement data from 17 (PM) and 23 (NO2) ESCAPE study areas across 14 European countries for PM and NO2. Models were evaluated with cross validation (CV) and hold-out validation (HV). We investigated the transferability of the models by successively excluding each study area from model building. RESULTS: The European model explained 56% of the concentration variability across all sites for NO2, 86% for PM2.5 and 70% for PM2.5 absorbance. The HV R(2)s were only slightly lower than the model R(2) (NO2: 54%, PM2.5: 80%, absorbance: 70%). The European NO2, PM2.5 and PM2.5 absorbance models explained a median of 59%, 48% and 70% of within-area variability in individual areas. The transferred models predicted a modest to large fraction of variability in areas which were excluded from model building (median R(2): 59% NO2; 42% PM2.5; 67% PM2.5 absorbance). CONCLUSIONS: Using a large dataset from 23 European study areas, we were able to develop LUR models for NO2 and PM metrics that predicted measurements made at independent sites and areas reasonably well. This finding is useful for assessing exposure in health studies conducted in areas where no measurements were conducted.
- Published
- 2014
184. Long-term exposure to air pollution and cardiovascular mortality:an analysis of 22 European cohorts
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Beelen, Rob, Stafoggia, Massimo, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic, Xun, Wei W, Katsouyanni, Klea, Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, Brunekreef, Bert, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Hoffmann, Barbara, Wolf, Kathrin, Samoli, Evangelia, Houthuijs, Danny, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Oudin, Anna, Forsberg, Bertil, Olsson, David, Salomaa, Veikko, Lanki, Timo, Yli-Tuomi, Tarja, Oftedal, Bente, Aamodt, Geir, Nafstad, Per, De Faire, Ulf, Pedersen, Nancy L, Östenson, Claes-Göran, Fratiglioni, Laura, Penell, Johanna, Korek, Michal, Pyko, Andrei, Eriksen, Kirsten Thorup, Tjønneland, Anne, Becker, Thomas, Eeftens, Marloes, Bots, Michiel, Meliefste, Kees, Wang, Meng, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Sugiri, Dorothea, Krämer, Ursula, Heinrich, Joachim, de Hoogh, Kees, Key, Timothy, Peters, Annette, Cyrys, Josef, Concin, Hans, Nagel, Gabriele, Ineichen, Alex, Schaffner, Emmanuel, Probst-Hensch, Nicole, Dratva, Julia, Ducret-Stich, Regina, Vilier, Alice, Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise, Stempfelet, Morgane, Grioni, Sara, Krogh, Vittorio, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Marcon, Alessandro, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Galassi, Claudia, Migliore, Enrica, Ranzi, Andrea, Cesaroni, Giulia, Badaloni, Chiara, Forastiere, Francesco, Tamayo, Ibon, Amiano, Pilar, Dorronsoro, Miren, Katsoulis, Michail, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Vineis, Paolo, Hoek, Gerard, Beelen, Rob, Stafoggia, Massimo, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic, Xun, Wei W, Katsouyanni, Klea, Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, Brunekreef, Bert, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Hoffmann, Barbara, Wolf, Kathrin, Samoli, Evangelia, Houthuijs, Danny, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Oudin, Anna, Forsberg, Bertil, Olsson, David, Salomaa, Veikko, Lanki, Timo, Yli-Tuomi, Tarja, Oftedal, Bente, Aamodt, Geir, Nafstad, Per, De Faire, Ulf, Pedersen, Nancy L, Östenson, Claes-Göran, Fratiglioni, Laura, Penell, Johanna, Korek, Michal, Pyko, Andrei, Eriksen, Kirsten Thorup, Tjønneland, Anne, Becker, Thomas, Eeftens, Marloes, Bots, Michiel, Meliefste, Kees, Wang, Meng, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Sugiri, Dorothea, Krämer, Ursula, Heinrich, Joachim, de Hoogh, Kees, Key, Timothy, Peters, Annette, Cyrys, Josef, Concin, Hans, Nagel, Gabriele, Ineichen, Alex, Schaffner, Emmanuel, Probst-Hensch, Nicole, Dratva, Julia, Ducret-Stich, Regina, Vilier, Alice, Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise, Stempfelet, Morgane, Grioni, Sara, Krogh, Vittorio, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Marcon, Alessandro, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Galassi, Claudia, Migliore, Enrica, Ranzi, Andrea, Cesaroni, Giulia, Badaloni, Chiara, Forastiere, Francesco, Tamayo, Ibon, Amiano, Pilar, Dorronsoro, Miren, Katsoulis, Michail, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Vineis, Paolo, and Hoek, Gerard
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Air pollution has been associated with cardiovascular mortality, but it remains unclear as to whether specific pollutants are related to specific cardiovascular causes of death. Within the multicenter European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE), we investigated the associations of long-term exposure to several air pollutants with all cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, as well as with specific cardiovascular causes of death.METHODS: Data from 22 European cohort studies were used. Using a standardized protocol, study area-specific air pollution exposure at the residential address was characterized as annual average concentrations of the following: nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOx); particles with diameters of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), less than 10 μm (PM10), and 10 μm to 2.5 μm (PMcoarse); PM2.5 absorbance estimated by land-use regression models; and traffic indicators. We applied cohort-specific Cox proportional hazards models using a standardized protocol. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to obtain pooled effect estimates.RESULTS: The total study population consisted of 367,383 participants, with 9994 deaths from CVD (including 4,992 from ischemic heart disease, 2264 from myocardial infarction, and 2484 from cerebrovascular disease). All hazard ratios were approximately 1.0, except for particle mass and cerebrovascular disease mortality; for PM2.5, the hazard ratio was 1.21 (95% confidence interval = 0.87-1.69) per 5 μg/m and for PM10, 1.22 (0.91-1.63) per 10 μg/m.CONCLUSION: In a joint analysis of data from 22 European cohorts, most hazard ratios for the association of air pollutants with mortality from overall CVD and with specific CVDs were approximately 1.0, with the exception of particulate mass and cerebrovascular disease mortality for which there was suggestive evidence for an association.
- Published
- 2014
185. Assessing ozone exposure for epidemiological studies in Malmö and Umeå, Sweden
- Author
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Malmqvist, E., Olsson, David, Hagenbjörk-Gustafsson, Annika, Forsberg, Bertil, Mattisson, K., Stroh, E., Strömgren, Magnus, Swietlicki, E., Rylander, L., Hoek, G., Tinnerberg, H., Modig, Lars, Malmqvist, E., Olsson, David, Hagenbjörk-Gustafsson, Annika, Forsberg, Bertil, Mattisson, K., Stroh, E., Strömgren, Magnus, Swietlicki, E., Rylander, L., Hoek, G., Tinnerberg, H., and Modig, Lars
- Abstract
Ground level ozone [ozone] is considered a harmful air pollutant but there is a knowledge gap regarding its long term health effects. The main aim of this study is to develop local Land Use Regression [LUR] models that can be used to study long term health effects of ozone. The specific aim is to develop spatial LUR models for two Swedish cities, Umea and Malmo, as well as a temporal model for Malmo in order to assess ozone exposure for long term epidemiological studies. For the spatial model we measured ozone, using Ogawa passive samplers, as weekly averages at 40 sites in each study area, during three seasons. This data was then inserted in the LUR-model with data on traffic, land use, population density and altitude to develop explanatory models of ozone variation. To develop the temporal model for Malmo, hourly ozone data was aggregated into daily means for two measurement stations in Malmo and one in a rural area outside Malmo. Using regression analyses we inserted meteorological variables into different temporal models and the one that performed best for all three stations was chosen. For Malmo the LUR-model had an adjusted model R-2 of 0.40 and cross validation R-2 of 0.17. For Umea the model had an adjusted model R-2 of 0.67 and cross validation adjusted R-2 of 0.48. When restricting the model to only including measuring sites from urban areas, the Malmo model had adjusted model R-2 of 0.51 (cross validation adjusted R-2 0.33) and the Umea model had adjusted model R-2 of 0.81 (validation adjusted R-2 of 0.73). The temporal model had adjusted model R-2 0.54 and 0.61 for the two Malmo sites, the cross validation adjusted R-2 was 0.42. In conclusion, we can with moderate accuracy, at least for Umea, predict the spatial variability, and in Malmo the temporal variability in ozone variation.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
186. Odor and noise intolerance in persons with self-reported electromagnetic hypersensitivity
- Author
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Nordin, Steven, Neely, Gregory, Olsson, David, Sandström, Monica, Nordin, Steven, Neely, Gregory, Olsson, David, and Sandström, Monica
- Abstract
Lack of confirmation of symptoms attributed to electromagnetic fields (EMF) and triggered by EMF exposure has highlighted the role of individual factors. Prior observations indicate intolerance to other types of environmental exposures among persons with electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS). This study assessed differences in odor and noise intolerance between persons with EHS and healthy controls by use of subscales and global measures of the Chemical Sensitivity Scale (CSS) and the Noise Sensitivity Scale (NSS). The EHS group scored significantly higher than the controls on all CSS and NSS scales. Correlation coefficients between CSS and NSS scores ranged from 0.60 to 0.65 across measures. The findings suggest an association between EHS and odor and noise intolerance, encouraging further investigation of individual factors for understanding EMF-related symptoms.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
187. Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Mortality: An Analysis of 22 European Cohorts.
- Author
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Dep IRAS, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, IRAS RATIA2, IRAS RATIA-SIB, Beelen, Rob, Stafoggia, Massimo, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic, Xun, Wei W, Katsouyanni, Klea, Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, Brunekreef, Bert, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Hoffmann, Barbara, Wolf, Kathrin, Samoli, Evangelia, Houthuijs, Danny, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Oudin, Anna, Forsberg, Bertil, Olsson, David, Salomaa, Veikko, Lanki, Timo, Yli-Tuomi, Tarja, Oftedal, Bente, Aamodt, Geir, Nafstad, Per, De Faire, Ulf, Pedersen, Nancy L, Ostenson, Claes-Göran, Fratiglioni, Laura, Penell, Johanna, Korek, Michal, Pyko, Andrei, Eriksen, Kirsten Thorup, Tjønneland, Anne, Becker, Thomas, Eeftens, Marloes, Bots, Michiel, Meliefste, Kees, Wang, Meng, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Sugiri, Dorothea, Krämer, Ursula, Heinrich, Joachim, de Hoogh, Kees, Key, Timothy, Peters, Annette, Cyrys, Josef, Concin, Hans, Nagel, Gabriele, Ineichen, Alex, Schaffner, Emmanuel, Probst-Hensch, Nicole, Dratva, Julia, Ducret-Stich, Regina, Vilier, Alice, Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise, Stempfelet, Morgane, Grioni, Sara, Krogh, Vittorio, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Marcon, Alessandro, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Galassi, Claudia, Migliore, Enrica, Ranzi, Andrea, Cesaroni, Giulia, Badaloni, Chiara, Forastiere, Francesco, Tamayo, Ibon, Amiano, Pilar, Dorronsoro, Miren, Katsoulis, Michail, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Vineis, Paolo, Hoek, Gerard, Dep IRAS, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, IRAS RATIA2, IRAS RATIA-SIB, Beelen, Rob, Stafoggia, Massimo, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic, Xun, Wei W, Katsouyanni, Klea, Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, Brunekreef, Bert, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Hoffmann, Barbara, Wolf, Kathrin, Samoli, Evangelia, Houthuijs, Danny, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Oudin, Anna, Forsberg, Bertil, Olsson, David, Salomaa, Veikko, Lanki, Timo, Yli-Tuomi, Tarja, Oftedal, Bente, Aamodt, Geir, Nafstad, Per, De Faire, Ulf, Pedersen, Nancy L, Ostenson, Claes-Göran, Fratiglioni, Laura, Penell, Johanna, Korek, Michal, Pyko, Andrei, Eriksen, Kirsten Thorup, Tjønneland, Anne, Becker, Thomas, Eeftens, Marloes, Bots, Michiel, Meliefste, Kees, Wang, Meng, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Sugiri, Dorothea, Krämer, Ursula, Heinrich, Joachim, de Hoogh, Kees, Key, Timothy, Peters, Annette, Cyrys, Josef, Concin, Hans, Nagel, Gabriele, Ineichen, Alex, Schaffner, Emmanuel, Probst-Hensch, Nicole, Dratva, Julia, Ducret-Stich, Regina, Vilier, Alice, Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise, Stempfelet, Morgane, Grioni, Sara, Krogh, Vittorio, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Marcon, Alessandro, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Galassi, Claudia, Migliore, Enrica, Ranzi, Andrea, Cesaroni, Giulia, Badaloni, Chiara, Forastiere, Francesco, Tamayo, Ibon, Amiano, Pilar, Dorronsoro, Miren, Katsoulis, Michail, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Vineis, Paolo, and Hoek, Gerard
- Published
- 2014
188. Performance of multi-city land use regression models for nitrogen dioxide and fine particles
- Author
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Dep IRAS, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, IRAS RATIA2, IRAS RATIA-SIB, Wang, Meng, Beelen, Rob, Bellander, Tom, Birk, Matthias, Cesaroni, Giulia, Cirach, Marta, Cyrys, Josef, de Hoogh, Kees, Declercq, Christophe, Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, Eeftens, Marloes, Eriksen, Kirsten T., Forastiere, Francesco, Galassi, Claudia, Grivas, Georgios, Heinrich, Joachim, Hoffmann, Barbara, Ineichen, Alex, Korek, Michal, Lanki, Timo, Lindley, Sarah, Modig, Lars, Mölter, Anna, Nafstad, Per, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J., Nystad, Wenche, Olsson, David, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Ragettli, Martina, Ranzi, Andrea, Stempfelet, Morgane, Sugiri, Dorothea, Tsai, Ming Yi, Udvardy, Orsolya, Varró, Mihaly J., Vienneau, Danielle, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Wolf, Kathrin, Yli-Tuomi, Tarja, Hoek, Gerard, Brunekreef, Bert, Dep IRAS, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, IRAS RATIA2, IRAS RATIA-SIB, Wang, Meng, Beelen, Rob, Bellander, Tom, Birk, Matthias, Cesaroni, Giulia, Cirach, Marta, Cyrys, Josef, de Hoogh, Kees, Declercq, Christophe, Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, Eeftens, Marloes, Eriksen, Kirsten T., Forastiere, Francesco, Galassi, Claudia, Grivas, Georgios, Heinrich, Joachim, Hoffmann, Barbara, Ineichen, Alex, Korek, Michal, Lanki, Timo, Lindley, Sarah, Modig, Lars, Mölter, Anna, Nafstad, Per, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J., Nystad, Wenche, Olsson, David, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Ragettli, Martina, Ranzi, Andrea, Stempfelet, Morgane, Sugiri, Dorothea, Tsai, Ming Yi, Udvardy, Orsolya, Varró, Mihaly J., Vienneau, Danielle, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Wolf, Kathrin, Yli-Tuomi, Tarja, Hoek, Gerard, and Brunekreef, Bert
- Published
- 2014
189. Optimering av formmaskin M01
- Author
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Olsson, David and Olsson, David
- Abstract
Detta examensarbete på 22,5 hp är en del av mekatronikingenjörsutbildningen vid Karlstads universitet. Uppdragsgivaren är Valmet AB (tidigare Metso AB) i Hagfors som tillverkar och säljer malsegmentslitdelar för pappersindustri och massaindustri.Projektet behandlar en av de tre formmaskiner som finns på företaget, kallad M01. Formningsmomentet är grunden till gjutresultatet av produkterna och i dagsläget är det för stora variationer på kvalitetsutfall, delvis orsakat av för många frihetsgrader i hur maskinen opereras. Målet är att komma fram till en automatiserad lösning av utstötning av skalhalvor, hålla en jämnare nivå i sandkassen genom nivåmätning samt minska spill vid påfyllningen av sand.En tryckvakt och en ultraljudsgivare användes för att kunna mäta maskinens tillstånd och som styrning användes en extern PLC, Siemens LOGO! utöver den ordinarie PLC:n som används.Resultatet blev en prototyp som tillsammans med ett antal nya sensorer kan göra testmätningar och tillfälligt styra maskinen för att få en anvisning om det kan vara en bra lösning i framtiden. Lösningen ska senare kunna utvecklas fullt ut med bättre sensorer och dess funktioner ska kunna implementeras i den ordinarie PLC:n för att användas i samtliga formmaskiner.Alla lösningar fick inte fullt önskvärt resultat men de är ändå ett steg i rätt riktning. Skalen släpper inte lättare men en automatiserad utstötningsfunktion har tagits fram och kan användas som ett komplement för att underlätta för operatören. Lösningen har även lett till att det har blivit minskat spill samt att tiden för sandpåfyllning numera kan styras genom nivåmätning. Dock måste den startas manuellt i varje tillverkningscykel., This degree project of 22.5 hp is part of the Mechatronics Engineering education at Karlstad University. The client is Valmet AB (formerly Metso AB) in Hagfors, which manufactures and sells grinding segments for the paper and pulp industry.The project highlights one of the three formwork machines at the company, called M01. The formwork is the basis to the molding results of the products and in the current situation it is of great variability in quality outcomes, partly caused by too many degrees of freedom in how the machine operated. The goal is to come up with an automated solution for ejection of shell halves, maintain a more stable level of sand in the sandbag through level measurements and reduce spillage during filling of sand.A pressure sensor and an ultrasonic sensor have been used to measure the state of the machine and to control an external PLC, Siemens LOGO addition to the ordinary PLC has used.The result was a prototype that together with a number of new sensors can make test measurements and temporarily control the machine to get a hint about if it could be a good solution in the future. The solution could later be fully developed with better sensors and its features implemented into the regular PLC to be used in any formmachine.All the solutions were not fully desirable but they are still a step in the right direction. The shells doesn’t let go easier but an automated ejection program has been developed and that be used as a supplement and assist the operator. The new solution has also led to reduced waste, and that the time for sand filling is now controlled through level measurements. However, it must be started manually in each production cycle.
- Published
- 2014
190. Hälsa och välfärdsteknologi i tredje åldern : En explorativ marknadsundersökning kring teknik och hälsa inom äldreomsorgen
- Author
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Olsson, David, Nordahl, Tobias, Olsson, David, and Nordahl, Tobias
- Abstract
This report is a market research for the company 4 Body and Mind, a start-up company that works with personal training online. They wanted to know if the market for elderly care could be interesting for them to enter. This report is hence a research of the market for health and welfare technology in elderly care within the public sector in Sweden. A general fact is that the world's population is getting older. This combined with rapid growth of individuals in the age 65+ changes the demands on the elderly care in Sweden’s municipalities. How do municipalities work today with the modernization of elderly care? What possibilities and barriers are there for a small company that wants to enter a market, which is regulated by the law on public procurement? What factors does research point out as essential for healthy aging? To answer questions like this we reviewed results from earlier research and integrate it with empirically collected material from interviews. We have then used classic market analyzing tools to evaluate data. The result shows that the market will continue to grow, because of the change in the demographic distribution, and that it could be an interesting market for the company. One conclusion is that to partnering up with a municipality on the market with knowledge, involvement and a big network could help 4 Body and Mind with a first step into the market. Another conclusion is that a potential end user could be an individual in the third age.
- Published
- 2014
191. Perpetual Peace through Democratic Aid? : Does Democratic Aid Significantly Contribute to Democratic Development among Semi-Democratic States?
- Author
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Olsson, David
- Subjects
Perpetual Peace ,Semi-Democracies ,Political Science (excluding Public Administration Studies and Globalisation Studies) ,Multiple Regression ,Democratic Aid ,Democratic Development ,Statsvetenskap (exklusive studier av offentlig förvaltning och globaliseringsstudier) - Abstract
The first purpose of this study is to examine if democratic aid is a statistically and/or substantially significant determinant of democratic development among semi-democratic states. The second purpose is to discuss the effects of democratic aid in light of the theory of ‘democratic peace’, and the debate on whether exogenous or endogenous factors are primary for democratic development. The research question is: how much, if at all, has democratic aid contributed to democratic development among semi-democratic states from 2000 to 2004? The thesis is delimited to observing the total population of states that were semi-democratic in the year 1999, i.e. 56 countries. Moreover, it only detects the potential impact of democratic aid over one five-year period, namely 2000-2004. Data from the Freedom House Index (FHI) has been used to distinguish states with semi-democratic regimes from states with other regime-types, and, moreover, to construct two indicators of the dependent variable. The utilized dataset on democratic aid is provided by the Creditor Reporting System (CRS), issued by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Furthermore, in order to assess the effects of democratic aid, a multiple regression model is employed that controls for nine other variables which have been found to have significant impacts on democratic development in relevant previous research. The conclusion is that democratic aid neither had a statistically nor a substantially significant impact on democratic development of semi-democratic states from 2000 to 2004. Thus, it does not strengthen the ‘exogenous standpoint’ for democratic development, and it does not appear to contribute to an expansion of ‘democratic peace’. However, due to a number of factors, it is acknowledged that more research is required in order to assess the effects of democratic aid more adequately.
- Published
- 2009
192. Regime Type and Trade Policy : Has Increased Democratization Contributed to Lower Trade Barriers Among Autocratic States?
- Author
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Olsson, David
- Subjects
Autocracy ,Political Science (excluding Public Administration Studies and Globalisation Studies) ,New Democracy ,Trade Barriers ,Developing Countries ,Statsvetenskap (exklusive studier av offentlig förvaltning och globaliseringsstudier) ,Two-Level Game - Abstract
Abstract C-Level Paper in Political Science, by David Olsson, Autumn 2008. Supervisor: Malin Stegman McCallion. “Regime Type and Trade Policy: Has Increased Democratization Contributed to Lower Trade Barriers Among Autocratic States?” In this paper a new two-level game theory, based on previous research and deductive reasoning, is constructed and tested empirically. The purpose is to examine if developing new democracies, trading with developing autocracies, is an explanatory factor of trade liberalization among the latter. The research questions are: 1) Have tariff rates in developing autocratic countries followed the pattern of reduced tariffs among their developing new democratic trading partners? And; 2) If this is the case, is there a relative shift in trade flows that confirms this change to be an effect of the new democracies’ presumed influence? In order to sufficiently carry out an empirical scrutiny, seven other determinants found to have effects on trade policies in previous research, are accounted for using a “most similar systems design”. For reasons of delimitation, six autocracies and their fifteen most important trading partners, observed 1980-1999, have been paired and analyzed. Each pair consists of one autocracy that trades with new democracies and one that does not; regarding the other determinants they are as similar as possible. The used material is the World Development Indicators, the Polity IV Dataset, the Yearbook of International Trade Statistics, the World Economic Outlook Database, the Database of Political Institutions, statistics from the World Trade Organization, the Dataset of Armed Conflicts, and the Unweighted Average Tariffs Measurement. The conclusion is that there are no indicators that affirm the theory and research questions. However, the theory is not unambiguously falsified. Hence, studies on more countries and time spans are needed.
- Published
- 2009
193. Luftföroreningseffekter på graviditetsutfall
- Author
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Olsson, David
- Published
- 2008
194. The Affirmative View of Life within Judaism : Is this presented in the Swedish high schools’ textbooks for religiousstudies?
- Author
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Olsson, David
- Subjects
Religion/Theology ,Religionsvetenskap/Teologi - Published
- 2007
195. Historical Fiction as Justification? : The Ideological Use of History and Political Values in Three ShortStories by Ivar Lo-Johansson
- Author
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Olsson, David
- Subjects
History and philosophy subjects ,Historisk-filosofiska ämnen - Abstract
The Swedish working-class author Ivar Lo-Johansson (1901-1990) wrote a collection of one hundred short stories between the years 1968-1972. His other productions, generally speaking, have partially different social reform purposes, but, according to himself, these short stories were written with the intention to be totally free of tendencies (even though he himself doubted that he succeeded with this). During the same period that these short stories were published, the Swedish social democrats were under the challenge of radical movements that, mainly on the radical left’s ideological foundation, had a relatively strong influence in Sweden, among other countries, from the mid 1960’s to the late 1970’s. Since Lo-Johansson mainly seemed to have supported the politics of the social democrats, the purpose of the investigation in this thesis has been to see if he – in the three short stories: Vikingakärlek (1970), Rikslögnaren (1971) and Ansgars resa till Sverige (1972) – is conveying an ideological use of history and basic political values that were used by the social democratic party during this time period. I have also tried to conclude if he is refuting ideas that two of the radical movements, in different ways, were using to challenge the social democracy of that time. These two movements are 1) the new left and 2) radical feminism. The new left opposed, among other things, parliamentary democracy and promoted a revolution. Radical feminism instead challenged social democracy by emphasizing the private sphere as a central cause for the continuing submission of women in society, something that previous to this movement had been neglected. More specifically I have tried to map out if the new left’s ideological use of history and some of its foundational political values are refuted, and if radical feminism’s explanation for the cause of female submission is confuted. My conclusions are that Lo-Johansson, in the three short stories, verified the legitimacy of social democracy’s ideological use of history and foundational political values, and, at the same time, he repudiated the new left’s ideological use of history and foundational political values. His view of the cause of women’s submission in society is more ambivalent. In one of his short stories he seemed to be pointing at biological causes, which, among other things, contributed to the legitimacy of the gender system that was a part of social democratic politics, mainly up to the 1960’s. In the other two short stories it instead seemed that he agreed with radical feminism’s ideas of patriarchy as the cause, even though it is not clear if he truly agreed that this system needed to be abolished.
- Published
- 2007
196. Development of ball valve DN500
- Author
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Olsson, David and Larsson, Michael
- Subjects
kulventil ,ventil ,Övriga teknikvetenskaper ,Other technology - Abstract
SOMAS är ett tillverkningsföretag i ventilbranschen som tillverkar olika sorters ventiler och ställdon. SOMAS vill konstruera en kulventil med en genomloppsdiameter i den standardiserade dimensionen DN500 för att kunna möta kundernas önskemål. Som konstruktionen ser ut idag kommer den bli för stora moment för ställdonen att manövrera kulan om man skalar upp en DN400 kulventil till DN500, varför ny konstruktion behövs. Syftet med projektet är att komma med idéer till konstruktionslösningar samt att utreda vilken av dessa som i slutänden är den mest lämpliga. Målet är sedan att ta fram ett konstruktionsförslag på det mest lämpliga förslaget. 3D CAD-modeller gjordes av SOMAS befintliga DN400 kulventil, i Pro/engineer var det sedan lätt att se vilka skillnader på kulans massa de olika modifieringarna gjorde. Vi modellerade den befintliga DN400 kulan, kula med kapad botten och tärningsform. När massan på de olika alternativen och gjutgodsets kilopris var känd kunde vi sedan räkna fram prisskillnader i procent mellan de olika alternativen. Vi tittade på olika typer av lagringar och delningar av ventilhusen, både med lösa och fasta spindlar. Tittade på alternativa tillverkningsmetoder och alternativa material för kulan. Priset på de alternativa materialen jämfördes med standard gjutgods (SS 2343). För att få fram storleken på ett säte till en DN500 kulventil gjordes beräkningar på sätestrycket. Ett diagram skapades i Excel över alla SOMAS kulventiler för att få fram ett erforderligt stängningsmoment för en flytande DN500 kula (flytande innebär att kulan inte har någon lagring i botten, se figur 2 sid. 15). Kom fram till att vi var tvungna att lagra kulan för att minska stängningsmomentet, beräknade då lagringstryck samt skjuvspänning i axeltapparna för att få fram erforderlig längd samt diameter på dessa. Räknade på hur stor momentminskningen blev om man lagrade kulan istället för att ha den flytande. Den mest lämpliga konstruktionen visade sig vara en tärningsformad kula lagrad med ingjutna fasta tappar och urfrästa lagerhus i det diagonalt delade ventilhuset. SOMAS are a producing company within the valve area and are producing different kinds of valves and actuators. SOMAS wants to design a ball valve with the standardized flow diameter DN500 to meet the market demands. Today’s construction if it's up scaled from a DN400 ball valve to DN500 gives to much torque for the actuator to handle the turning of the ball, therefore a new design is needed. Our task is to come up with new design ideas. In addition, find out which one of those are the most suitable. The goal is to come up with at construction suggestion of the most suitable construction. 3D CAD-models of SOMAS DN400 ball valve were made at which some modifications were made. It was easy to see the variation in the ball mass when a modification was made in Pro/engineer. We made models of the existing DN400 ball, ball with the bottom cut of and dice shaped ball. When we knew the mass of the alternative shapes and the price of the castings, we calculated the price differences in percent between the different alternatives. We looked at different types of bearings and separations of the valve house, both with loose and fastened axels. Looked at alternative manufacturing methods and alternative materials for the ball. The price on the alternative materials where compared with standard castings (SS 2343). To come up with a size for the seat to a DN500 ball valve, calculations of the seat pressure was made. A diagram over all SOMAS ball valves was made in Excel to calculate necessary closing torque for a floating DN500 ball (floating means that the ball does not have a bearing in the bottom look, at figur 2 page 15). We conclude that we had to mount the ball in bearings to minimize the torque. Calculated bearing pressure and shear in the shafts to come up with required length and diameter of those. Computed on how much the torque reduction was if the ball was mounted in bearings versus floating. We found that a dice shaped ball with bearings, cast axels, milled bearing houses and diagonally split valve house is the most suitable.
- Published
- 2007
197. 1000 volt och jag ville vara med - en litteraturstudie om anhörigas eventuellanärvaro under återupplivningsförsök
- Author
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Olsson, David and Rydberg, Lars
- Subjects
Medicin och hälsovetenskap ,närvaro ,återupplivningsförsök ,anhöriga ,Medical and Health Sciences ,hjärt-lungräddning - Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate attitudes among relatives and Emergency Department staff, concerning relatives possible presence during resuscitation. Seven scientific articles revises in the studys method. The articles have been searched for in CINAHL, Elin and PubMed. Articles have been analysed using Polit, Beck and Hungler (2001) instructions to evaluate scientific quality. The findings of this study show there it seems no longer appropriate routinely excluding relatives from family presence during resuscitation. Research shows that relatives wish to be given an option to be presence during resuscitation, and a choice to take part. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att undersöka uppfattningar hos anhöriga och akutvårdspersonal, angående anhörigas eventuella närvaro vid återupplivningsförsök. Sju vetenskapliga artiklar granskas i studiens metod. Artiklarna har sökts i databaserna CINAHL och Elin samt sökmotorn PubMed. Granskningen av artiklarna har följt Polit, Beck och Hungler (2001) anvisningar för att bedöma den vetenskapliga kvalitén. Resultatet i denna studie visar att det inte längre finns skäl att enbart rutinmässigt utesluta alla anhöriga från att närvara vid familjemedlemmars återupplivningsförsök. Forskning visar att det finns anhöriga som vill erbjudas tillfället att få närvara vid återupplivningsförsök, samt att få göra ett frivilligt val om de vill medverka.
- Published
- 2004
198. Odor and Noise Intolerance in Persons with Self-Reported Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity
- Author
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Nordin, Steven, primary, Neely, Gregory, additional, Olsson, David, additional, and Sandström, Monica, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
199. Performance of Multi-City Land Use Regression Models for Nitrogen Dioxide and Fine Particles
- Author
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Wang, Meng, primary, Beelen, Rob, additional, Bellander, Tom, additional, Birk, Matthias, additional, Cesaroni, Giulia, additional, Cirach, Marta, additional, Cyrys, Josef, additional, de Hoogh, Kees, additional, Declercq, Christophe, additional, Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, additional, Eeftens, Marloes, additional, Eriksen, Kirsten T., additional, Forastiere, Francesco, additional, Galassi, Claudia, additional, Grivas, Georgios, additional, Heinrich, Joachim, additional, Hoffmann, Barbara, additional, Ineichen, Alex, additional, Korek, Michal, additional, Lanki, Timo, additional, Lindley, Sarah, additional, Modig, Lars, additional, Mölter, Anna, additional, Nafstad, Per, additional, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J., additional, Nystad, Wenche, additional, Olsson, David, additional, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, additional, Ragettli, Martina, additional, Ranzi, Andrea, additional, Stempfelet, Morgane, additional, Sugiri, Dorothea, additional, Tsai, Ming-Yi, additional, Udvardy, Orsolya, additional, Varró, Mihaly J., additional, Vienneau, Danielle, additional, Weinmayr, Gudrun, additional, Wolf, Kathrin, additional, Yli-Tuomi, Tarja, additional, Hoek, Gerard, additional, and Brunekreef, Bert, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
200. Development of NO2 and NOx land use regression models for estimating air pollution exposure in 36 study areas in Europe : the ESCAPE project
- Author
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Beelen, Rob, Hoek, Gerard, Vienneau, Danielle, Eeftens, Marloes, Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, Pedeli, Xanthi, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Künzli, Nino, Schikowski, Tamara, Marcon, Alessandro, Eriksen, Kirsten, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Stephanou, Euripides, Evridiki, Patelarou, Lanki, Timo, Yli-Tuomi, Tarja, Declercq, Christophe, Falq, Grégoire, Stempfelet, Morgane, Birk, Matthias, Cyrys, Josef, von Klot, Stephanie, Nádor, Gizella, Varró, Mihály János, Dėdelė, Audrius, Gražulevičienė, Regina, Mölter, Anna, Lindley, Sarah, Madsen, Christian, Cesaroni, Giulia, Ranzi, Andrea, Badaloni, Chiara, Hoffmann, Barbara, Nonnemacher, Michael, Krämer, Ursula, Kuhlbusch, Thomas, Cirach, Marta, de Nazelle, Audrey, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Bellander, Tom, Korek, Michal, Olsson, David, Strömgren, Magnus, Dons, Evi, Jerrett, Michael, Fischer, Paul, Brunekreef, Bert, de Hoogh, Kees, Beelen, Rob, Hoek, Gerard, Vienneau, Danielle, Eeftens, Marloes, Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, Pedeli, Xanthi, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Künzli, Nino, Schikowski, Tamara, Marcon, Alessandro, Eriksen, Kirsten, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Stephanou, Euripides, Evridiki, Patelarou, Lanki, Timo, Yli-Tuomi, Tarja, Declercq, Christophe, Falq, Grégoire, Stempfelet, Morgane, Birk, Matthias, Cyrys, Josef, von Klot, Stephanie, Nádor, Gizella, Varró, Mihály János, Dėdelė, Audrius, Gražulevičienė, Regina, Mölter, Anna, Lindley, Sarah, Madsen, Christian, Cesaroni, Giulia, Ranzi, Andrea, Badaloni, Chiara, Hoffmann, Barbara, Nonnemacher, Michael, Krämer, Ursula, Kuhlbusch, Thomas, Cirach, Marta, de Nazelle, Audrey, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Bellander, Tom, Korek, Michal, Olsson, David, Strömgren, Magnus, Dons, Evi, Jerrett, Michael, Fischer, Paul, Brunekreef, Bert, and de Hoogh, Kees
- Abstract
Estimating within-city variability in air pollution concentrations is important. Land use regression (LUR) models are able to explain such small-scale within-city variations. Transparency in LUR model development methods is important to facilitate comparison of methods between different studies. We therefore developed LUR models in a standardized way in 36 study areas in Europe for the ESCAPE (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects) project. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were measured with Ogawa passive samplers at 40 or 80 sites in each of the 36 study areas. The spatial variation in each area was explained by LUR modeling. Centrally and locally available Geographic Information System (GIS) variables were used as potential predictors. A leave-one out cross-validation procedure was used to evaluate the model performance. There was substantial contrast in annual average NO2 and NOx concentrations within the study areas. The model explained variances (R2) of the LUR models ranged from 55% to 92% (median 82%) for NO2 and from 49% to 91% (median 78%) for NOx. For most areas the cross-validation R2 was less than 10% lower than the model R2. Small-scale traffic and population/household density were the most common predictors. The magnitude of the explained variance depended on the contrast in measured concentrations as well as availability of GIS predictors, especially traffic intensity data were important. In an additional evaluation, models in which local traffic intensity was not offered had 10% lower R2 compared to models in the same areas in which these variables were offered. Within the ESCAPE project it was possible to develop LUR models that explained a large fraction of the spatial variance in measured annual average NO2 and NOx concentrations. These LUR models are being used to estimate outdoor concentrations at the home addresses of participants in over 30 cohort studies.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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