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1-Methylnaphthalene is a critical component for constructing fuel surrogates of diesel and aviation kerosene. However, the reaction pathways of 1-methylnaphthalene included in existing detailed chemical kinetic models vary from each other, leading to discrepancies in the simulation of ignition and oxidation processes. In the present study, reaction classes and pathways involved in the combustion of 1-methylnaphthalene were analyzed, and effects of rate constants of reactions related to 1-methylnaphthalene and its significant intermediates on ignition delay times and species concentration profiles were discussed, involving hydrogen abstraction and substitution reactions of 1-methylnaphthalene, oxidation, isomerization, and addition reactions of 1-naphthylmethyl, hydrogen abstraction and oxidation reactions of indene, as well as the oxidation of indenyl and naphthalene. On this basis, a new detailed chemical kinetic model for 1-methylnaphthalene was developed, which includes 1389 species and 7185 reactions. The validation of this mechanism shows that it can predict accurately the available experimental ignition delay times, species concentration profiles, and laminar flame speeds of 1-methylnaphthalene. Finally, reaction paths and sensitivity analysis of ignition delay times were performed using the proposed reaction mechanism, and the result shows that the conversion of 1-methylnaphthalene to 1-naphthaldehyde plays an important role in its ignition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preventing adolescents from engaging in Health-Risk Behaviours (HRBs) requires a comprehensive understanding of the factors linked to HRBs. Factors like dysfunctional parenting practices and emotion regulation difficulties may significantly contribute to the development and persistence of HRBs. However, this association, particularly the mediating effects of emotion-regulation difficulties, has not been extensively investigated among Indian adolescents, as such research has predominantly centred around Western cultures. The current study explored emotion-regulation difficulties as a mediator in the association between perceived parenting practices and HRBs. The sample comprises 723 adolescents (Mage = 16.05; Males = 440) selected from various schools in the Punjab state of India. Structural equation modelling using item-parcels and the path analysis tested the stated hypotheses. As hypothesized, difficulties in emotion regulation were found to be a partial mediator of the parenting-HRB relationship. By offering empirical evidence of this mediational mechanism, the study enhances our understanding of how perceived parenting influences adolescent behaviour. Emotion dysregulation may be the underlying factor behind the development and maintenance of HRBs. These insights can guide researchers in designing targeted interventions to address emotion regulation difficulties and, in turn, help reduce HRBs among adolescents. Highlights: The study explored the inter-construct association between parenting, emotion regulation and health-risk behaviours (HRBs) Adolescents who experience positive parenting practices and active parental involvement are less likely to engage in HRBs. Adolescents' perception of maladaptive parenting practices is positively associated with their likelihood of engaging in HRBs Difficulties in emotion regulation emerged as a partial mediator of the parenting-HRB relationship. Emotion regulation interventions and positive parenting training may help mitigate adolescents' indulgence in HRBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil available nutrients (SANs) can be rapidly converted, absorbed, and utilized by crops. The study of the spatial distribution and variation of SANs, as well as their response to environmental factors, is crucial for precision fertilization and soil ecosystem function regulation. In this study, 220 soil surface-layer samples (0–20 cm) were collected in 2019 from loquat orchards in the mid-low mountain hilly areas of central China to explore the spatial distribution and variation of SANs, as well as the effects of environmental factors (including the topography, vegetation index, soil property, and climate) on SANs, using a path analysis model. The results showed that the available potassium (AK) and ammonium nitrogen (AN) levels exhibited a moderate average content, which was 123.14 mg·kg−1 and 119.03 mg·kg−1, respectively, whereas available phosphorus (AP) levels displayed a high average content (26.78 mg·kg−1), and all three SANs showed an uneven spatial distributions. The nugget effect values of AK and AN ranged from 25% to 75%, indicating moderate spatial variation, and those of AP were <25%, suggesting high spatial variation. Furthermore, the mean annual precipitation (MAP) had a direct positive effect on AK levels, while slope had an indirect effect on AK levels through the ratio vegetation index (RVI), suggesting that precipitation had greater impact on AK levels than topography. Soil erosion had a direct negative effect on AP and AN levels, accelerating the loss of SANs. The MAP and soil type (ST) directly affected soil AN content. Specifically, sufficient precipitation and fine soil facilitated the storage and conversion of AN in soil. Taken together, our path analysis indicated that all the four categories of environmental factors had direct or indirect effects on SANs, and our geostatistical analysis revealed the spatial distribution and variation law of SANs in the study area. Our findings offer a theoretical basis and valuable references for achieving precision fertilization in orchards and improving loquat yield and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean (Glycine max) is a vital crop for food, animal feed, and industrial products. However, its yield performance is significantly affected by genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI), which complicates the selection of high-yielding, stable varieties. This study aimed to evaluate the yield performance and stability of 12 elite soybean varieties across five major production areas in Uganda using GGE biplot and path analysis. The varieties were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications over two consecutive seasons. Results revealed significant differences in grain yield among the varieties, locations, and their interactions (p < 0.001). The highest-yielding varieties were Maksoy 5N (979 kg ha−1), Maksoy 4N (978 kg ha−1), Maksoy 3N (930 kg ha−1), and Signal (930 kg ha−1). GGE biplot analysis grouped the locations into two mega-environments, with the Maksoy varieties exhibiting greater yield stability compared to Seed Co. varieties. Path analysis showed that traits such as the number of lower internodes, central internode length, and filled pods had the highest positive direct effects on grain yield. This study provides insights into soybean breeding in tropical environments, highlighting traits that can be targeted to improve yield and stability. The findings offer a framework for breeding programs in Uganda and similar agro-ecological regions, promoting more resilient and productive soybean varieties. This study also illustrated the potential advantages of employing more complex mathematical techniques like path analysis to uncover yield and yield-related traits in soybean breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examined the relationship between creative potential, estimated with tests of divergent thinking (DT), and emotional intelligence (EI). Previous research has hinted at a relationship, but the EI–DT relationship may differ as a function of the tasks and the specific components of EI. With this in mind, the present investigation compared two DT tests (Social Games vs. Titles Games) and examined whether or not the Interpersonal and Intrapersonal subscales of EI were more associated with DT than the Adaptability and Stress Management EI subscales. The youth version of the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i: YV) was used to measure EI. The measure of EI and the two DT tests were administered to 244 male and female gifted (N = 125) and nongifted (N = 119) high school students in Saudi Arabia. The first objective was to examine whether the EI–DT relationship differs based on the nature of the task of the two DT tests used in the current study (Social Games vs. Titles Games). The second objective was to test whether the Interpersonal and Intrapersonal subscales of EI are more associated with DT than the Adaptability and Stress Management EI subscales. Canonical correlation analysis showed that the relationship between the Social Games test and EI was stronger than the relationship between the Titles Games test and EI. Two path analyses were run: one for the total sample and the second for the gifted sample. The likelihood ratio test showed that the Social Games test was more associated with EQ-i subscales than the Titles Games test for both samples. As expected, the Inter- and the Intrapersonal subscales of the EQ-i were more highly related to Social Games fluency and originality scores compared with the Stress Management and Adaptability subscales. Limitations and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to explore the mediating role of organizational trust in the impact of social sustainability on organizational resilience. Using a sample of 441 employees in the energy sector in Istanbul, a structured questionnaire was applied to measure employees' organizational resilience, organizational trust and perceived social sustainability activities. Data analysis was carried out with SPSS and AMOS 24 programs. Factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used in the study. The data analysis based on path modelling confirms the mediating role of organizational trust in the effect of social sustainability on organizational resilience. The findings show that all social sustainability variables significantly affect all organizational trust dimensions, and organizational trust dimensions significantly affect organizational resilience dimensions. Accordingly, organizational trust dimensions and all social sustainability dimensions have a full mediating variable role in the effect of organizational trust dimensions on organizational resilience dimensions. Future research is important to gain a deeper understanding of the relationships between social sustainability, organizational resilience and organizational trust. In particular, studies in specific sectors or cultural contexts can help us better understand how these relationships may vary and how they may shape organizations' strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Absolute understanding of the relationship between yield and yield attributing traits contributing to variance is predominant in a breeding programme. To study the multivariate analysis and interrelationship among the yield and yield attributing traits in the pigeonpea, 68 genotypes were subjected to principal component analysis and association studies. Methods: The 68 pigeonpea genotypes were raised during two seasons viz., rabi, 2019-2020 and rabi, 2020-2021 in a randomized complete block design with two replications. The two-season data was pooled and utilized for multivariate and association studies. Result: The total variance was split into 12 principal components. Four principal components were found to have eigen values more than one and explained 78.75 per cent of the total variance. The correlation studies revealed that, the single plant yield was highly correlated with the traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering (rg=0.213, P<0.05), days to maturity (rg=0.347, P<0.01), plant height (rg=0.536, P<0.01), number of branches per plant (rg=0.331, P<0.01), number of clusters per plant (rg=0.705, P<0.01), number of pods per plant (rg=0.805, P<0.01), pod length (rg=0.481, P<0.01), number of seeds per pod (rg=0.231, P<0.05) and hundred seed weight (rg=0.505, P<0.01). Selection for these traits will improve single plant yield. Path analysis showed that the traits viz., number of pods per plant (0.871), shelling percentage (0.391) and hundred seed weight (0.744) had high positive direct effect on single plant yield, whereas the high indirect effect on single plant yield possessed by number of pods per plant through traits viz., days to maturity (0.316), plant height (0.421), pod bearing length (0.454) and number of clusters per plant (0.706). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the potential of rabbits as a sustainable solution for poverty alleviation and food security in Burkina Faso, a country facing socio-economic and environmental challenges. In the context of limited resources and employment opportunities, rabbits offer advantages such as small size, short generation interval and high reproductive capacity. The research focuses on characterising the morphology of Burkina Faso's local rabbit population, comparing it with two Italian breeds: a local medium-growing breed called Leprino di Viterbo (LV) and a fast-growing hybrid (a crossbred New Zealand × California, NZC). Utilising path analysis and principal component analysis, the study identifies key morphometric traits crucial for breeding programs and examines the influence of specific traits on body weight (BW) gain and heat stress resilience through 'Transpiration Indexes.' Findings highlight the importance of variables like chest girth (CG), abdominal girth (AG), rump width (RW) and nose to shoulders length (NSL) in influencing body weight (BW) and reveal significant size and shape differences among the breeds. The study suggests potential climate adaptation in Burkina Faso's rabbit population, providing practical insights for breeding programs in resource-constrained regions. This research not only advances scientific understanding but also provides practical insights for breeding programs in resource-constrained regions, emphasising the importance of certain morphological traits for heat dissipation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problematic internet use has been linked with numerous mental health issues. However, little research has examined the relevant factors that may explain this association. For racially minoritized individuals, problematic internet use may increase the likelihood of encountering race-based cyberaggression and racist content, commonly known as online racism. Thus, we examined whether problematic internet use is associated with mental health issues through exposure to online racism. Using data from 338 racially minoritized emerging adults (Mage = 23.28, SD = 2.38), we conducted a path analysis of problematic internet use predicting mental health issues (anxiety, depressive symptoms, loneliness) via online racism. The indirect relationship was significant suggesting that problematic internet use is associated with greater perceived online racism, which in turn was associated with greater depressive symptoms, anxiety, and loneliness. Online racism is likely a digital inequity that disproportionately impacts the costs of problematic internet use among racially minoritized emerging adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses oblique collisions between billiard balls in the context of introductory physics, exploring the conservation of momentum and kinetic energy in such collisions. It highlights the complexities of billiard ball collisions, including the effects of spin, friction, and external forces. The text also delves into the concept of frozen balls and trick shots in billiards, providing examples and exercises for further understanding. Overall, the article aims to demonstrate that billiard ball collisions can be a valuable topic for introductory physics courses. [Extracted from the article]

This study investigated relationships between thin mental boundary functioning, creativity, imaginary companions (ICs), and anomalous '(entity) encounter experiences.' A convenience sample of 389 respondents completed the Revised Transliminality Scale, Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences, Creative Experiences Questionnaire, Survey of Strange Events, and a measure of Childhood Imaginary Companions. Competing testing with path analysis found that the best-fitting model was consistent with the causal chain of 'Thin Boundaries (transliminality and schizotypy) → Creative Experiences → ICs → (Entity) Encounter Experiences.' These results suggest that deep-types of ICs (i.e., showing apparent independent agency) are perhaps most accurately characterized as syncretic cognitions versus hallucination-like experiences. The authors examine these findings relative to study limitations, as well as discussing the need for future research that approaches ICs as a special mental state that can facilitate allied altered-anomalous experiences. In this context, this study furthered understanding of relationships between conscious states related to mental boundaries, childhood imaginary companions, creative experiences, and entity encounters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explored the correlations between stressors in the family‐work system, the assessment of family‐friendly management practices, and work dedication among parents in Israel, with a comparison between fathers and mothers. The research sample included 317 Jewish parents, each with at least one child under the age of 10 (158 mothers, 159 fathers). Quantitative methods were employed, and data were collected by the Israeli Panels Research Institute. Women tend to make more accommodation requests for childcare and experience greater discrimination at work than fathers. Accommodation requests and assessments of non‐family‐friendly management practices correlated with feelings of being discriminated against among both men and women. However, discrimination correlated negatively to work dedication only among women. Negative experiences at work contribute more to explaining the dedication of women to work than the dedication of men. Public significance statement: The findings indicate that for both genders, perceptions of management as non‐family‐friendly and the frequency of accommodation requests are positively correlated with experiences of discrimination among working parents. However, the experience of discrimination is negatively correlated with work dedication only among mothers. These findings underscore the importance of organizations pursuing a family‐friendly agenda. Advancing such an agenda is pivotal, as it could mitigate experiences of discrimination and thereby contribute indirectly to employee well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional traits of individuals and not just species can regulate ecological interactions with biotic and abiotic environments, yet how individual-level functional diversity (FDind) mediates the environmental effects on community properties (e.g., interaction patterns, connectivity and productivity) remains largely unexplored. Here, we assembled 4432 individuals from 30 macrophyte species across 26 lakes in south China and measured six functional traits -shoot height, specific leaf area, lamina thickness, leaf dry mass content, stem diameter and stem dry mass content—for each individual. We estimated FDind for macrophyte community in each plot using trait probability density framework. Path analysis revealed that functional richness promoted negative interactions (the absolute value of negative: positive cohesion as proxy of community interaction patterns) and thus community productivity at lower total phosphorus (TP) and shallower water, while functional divergence/redundancy reduced negative interaction and thus community productivity at shallower water, lower TP and higher altitude. Functional evenness decreased community productivity at higher TP and deeper water. Functional dissimilarity reduced community connectivity (total cohesion) and thus community productivity at deeper water and higher altitude. Our results highlight that FDind could modify the environmental effects (from local to regional) on the interaction patterns, network connectivity and productivity of macrophyte community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research has extensively documented inequalities in inpatient psychiatric care provided to people of minoritized ethnic groups. Nonetheless, the role of their previous engagement with community mental health care has been little studied. Aims: We aimed at exploring whether previous clinical care can influence key domains of subsequent psychiatric inpatient care for people of ethnic minorities. Methods: We identified patients with a first hospital admission between 2016 and 2022, from a representative, highly diverse, catchment area of Northern Italy, using electronic health data of the NOMIAC study. We aimed at testing the impact of clinical care prior to admission on indicators of poor inpatient care, as identified by a participatory expert panel, that is, compulsory admission, insufficient length of stay, administration of Long-Acting Antipsychotics (LAI) during the last 7 days before discharge. Multiple regression models, predicted and counterfactual proportions and path analyses from generalized structural equations modeling were used to explore the association between belonging to ethnic minorities and these indicators. Results: Among 1,524 participants, 18% were from minoritized ethnic groups. While these were more likely to experience an involuntary admission, regardless of previous care received, they were offered appropriate length of stay if had previous engagement with community mental health care. Both belonging to ethnic minorities and mental health care prior-to-admission were independently associated with early LAI administration. Conclusions: Several ethnic inequalities in inpatient care continue despite previous community mental health care provided. Future research should examine how these disparities translate into clinical outcomes. Nonetheless, there is the need to actively promote equity, improving the quality of inpatient care of minoritized ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Okra is a valuable crop cultivated worldwide for its edible fruits. Understanding genetic variability and the relationship among key traits is essential for improving yield and other agronomic characteristics. This study focused on evaluating 27 okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) genotypes at research farm of Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab to explore their genetic diversity and yield-contributing traits. The genetic variability of okra genotype assessed the relationships between yield-contributing traits and identified the traits with the most significant direct and indirect effects on the yield of okra. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used for traits such as plant height, fruit production, seed weight and other characteristics. Variance analysis, heritability estimation, correlation analysis, path coefficient analysis and cluster analysis were conducted to identify significant relationships and genetic diversity among genotypes. The highest coefficient of variation was observed for fruit weight per plant, the number of main branches and seed weight per plant. Path analysis showed that seed weight per plant had the largest direct positive effect on fruit production per plant (0.878) and total number of main branches (0.845). Negative influences were seen from days to first flowering (-0.164). Cluster analysis revealed the highest genetic distance between cluster II and V (D² = 356.76). Plant height (23.93%) and biological yield (22.22%) contributed most to genetic divergence. This study identified key traits such as seed weight and fruit production with the highest genetic potential for yield improvement in okra. The findings can be applied in breeding programs to develop high-yielding okra varieties through targeted selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Moral distress is a well-recognized term for emotional, cognitive, and physical reactions of professionals, when facing conflicts between perceived obligations and institutional constraints. Though studied across medical roles, limited research exists among physiotherapists. Research Question: What factors contribute to Moral distress among physiotherapists and how do they cope? Objectives: To develop and test a multifaceted model of Moral distress and gain an in-depth understanding of the phenomena. Research Design: A 2017–2022 mixed-methods study: (1) Survey of 407 physiotherapists quantitatively testing a literature-based model analyzing relationships between Moral distress, Moral sensitivity, Locus of control, Self-efficacy, Ethical climate perceptions and demographics, analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics, multiple comparisons and structural equation modelling (SPSS26, SAS, AMOS); (2) Semi-structured interviews with 21 physiotherapists examining Moral distress experiences using meticulous phenomenological analysis. Participants and Context: Israeli physiotherapists from various occupational settings recruited via professional networks. Ethical Considerations: The Haifa University Ethics Committee authorized the study. Informed consent was obtained for the anonymous survey and before interviews regarding recording, and quote use. Findings: Quantitative results showed moderately high average Moral distress, significantly higher among women and paediatric physiotherapists, positively correlating with Moral sensitivity. Qualitative findings revealed intense emotions around Moral distress experiences, inner conflicts between care ideals and constraints, and coping strategies like reflective skills. Senior therapists, despite higher self-efficacy and moral sensitivity, still reported persistent high distress. Discussion: Moral distress has complex links with moral sensitivity, self-efficacy, perceived professional autonomy and organizational support. A renewed framework emerged explaining relations between moral distress and personal, professional and organizational factors. Conclusions: Multidimensional insights help identify Moral distress causes and coping strategies among physiotherapists, advancing theory. Conclusions can shape ethics training programs and competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Developmental research suggests that children learn to regulate their emotions and behavior through a process of emotion socialization. The main body of literature is based on samples from the United States, and very little is known about the socialization of emotions in Nordic settings. Objectives: The current study aimed to explore associations between mothers' and fathers' reactions to children's negative emotions and externalizing behavior problems in a Nordic cultural context, and to explore gender differences in these associations. Methods: Parent‐report data on the Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES) and the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory 6 (ECBI) was collected in a large sample of Norwegian preschool‐aged children (mothers, n = 242; fathers, n = 183; N = 257; M = 54 months, SD = 4.54; 49% boys). Teacher‐report data was collected using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) conduct scale (n = 117). Results: Both parents' supportive and non‐supportive reactions were associated with child externalizing difficulties in expected directions as evidenced by path models, controlling for socioeconomic status and age. A pattern emerged in which non‐supportive reactions to a greater extent predicted an increase in externalizing problems in girls, and supportive reactions predicted lower levels of externalizing problems in boys. Conclusion: Our findings supported the basic assumptions of emotion socialization theory in a Nordic cultural context in which parental supportive and non‐supportive responses are related to child externalizing difficulties. Nordic parents are important socialization agents for their children, but their behaviors had a differential effect on boys' and girls' externalizing behavior problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The associations between relational victimization, self-blame attributions, and internalizing problems in early childhood has not previously been examined. Using a sample of 116 preschool children, average age 44.05 months (SD = 4.23), multiple informants, multiple methods, and a longitudinal design, path analyses were conducted to explore the associations between relational victimization, self-blame attributions (Characterological Self-Blame[CSB] and Behavioral Self-Blame[BSB]), and maladjustment in early childhood. Concurrent significant associations were found between relational victimization and internalizing problems. The initial longitudinal models revealed some significant effects that were consistent with predictions. Importantly, follow-up tests decomposing internalizing problems, indicated that anxiety at Time 1 was positively and significantly associated with CSB at Time 2. Depression at Time 1 was negatively and significantly associated with CSB at Time 2. Implications of this work are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have explored the important role of achievement goals, as well as factors such as interest and self-efficacy, for academic performance of students of various ages. Such studies usually focus on the influence of one or two of these factors that are known to be associated with performance. At the same time, achievement goals themselves are influenced by environmental factors such as the influence of "significant others" (parents, teachers) or the overall socio-cultural context. In the present study, we expand the framework of achievement goal theory by building a holistic multifactorial path analysis model of direct and indirect influences, where achievement goals and personality traits such as self-efficacy and interest exert a combined influence on performance, but also receive influence from environmental factors. To achieve this goal, we collected data from 762 5th and 6th grade students, who attended 22 public primary schools in Cyprus. Data was collected with reliable and valid self-report scales such as the Achievement Goal Questionnaire (AGQ-R) and the Patterns of Adaptive Learning Scales (PALS), as well as a battery for Mathematical performance created by the researchers. Our results indicate a robust model that effectively captures the complex grid of associations between these factors of interest. Among other findings, self-efficacy and interest were found to mediate the relation between students' mastery goals and performance. In sum, this research underscores the profound significance of mastery goals, self-efficacy and interest in Mathematical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important question for parents and educators alike is how to promote adolescents' academic identity and school performance. This study investigated relations among parental education, parents' attitudes toward their adolescents' school, parental support for learning at home, and adolescents' academic identity and school performance over time and in different national contexts. Longitudinal data were collected from adolescents and their parents in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). When adolescents were 16 years old, their mothers (N = 1083) and fathers (N = 859) provided data. When adolescents were 17 years old, 1049 adolescents (50% girls) and their mothers (N = 1001) and fathers (N = 749) provided data. Multiple-group path analyses indicated that, across cultures, higher parent education was associated with better adolescent school performance. Parents' attitudes toward their adolescents' school and parent support for learning in the home were not associated with adolescents' school performance but were associated with academic identity. The findings suggest somewhat different pathways to school performance versus academic identity. Implications for helping parents and educators in different countries promote adolescents' academic identity and achievement are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bambara groundnut is vital for food security due to its high nutritional content and resilience to environmental stresses. The objectives of the study were to determine associations among agronomic traits and nutrients in Bambara groundnut and identify traits influencing grain production in Bambara groundnut. Field experiments were conducted at the University of KwaZulu-Natal's Ukulinga Farm and Controlled Environment Facility (CEF) to assess agronomic performance and nutritional content. Nutritional content was evaluated using standard combustion procedures and electron microscopy. Correlation, regression, and path coefficient analyses revealed varying relationships among agronomic traits, nutrient content, and grain yield. The number of seeds (NS), healthy seeds (NHS), and plant height (PH) exhibited significant associations with grain yield. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), starch, magnesium (Mg), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and phosphorus (P), were the key predictors of grain yield productivity. Path coefficient analysis showed that NS, PH and magnesium, oxygen, and carbon contents positively affected grain yield. In conclusion, grain yield was influenced by multiple traits through different pathways that are complicated by the growing environment. Selecting taller genotypes with good agronomic traits and high nutrient content is recommended to develop high yielding Bambara groundnut cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been reportedly associated with excessive internet use, also known as internet addiction. As ADHD is the most common comorbidity in ASD, the present study examined the possibility that ADHD symptoms, and/or trait and mood factors linked to ASD, ADHD and internet addiction, could account for the association of ASD with internet addiction symptoms. A nonclinical young adult sample of 248 internet using men and women completed self‐report measures of ASD and ADHD symptoms, alexithymia, impulsivity, negative moods and internet addiction symptoms. Scores on the ASD and ADHD symptom measures were normally distributed, consistent with the notion that the corresponding disorders represent extreme, impairing ends of population distributions of their symptoms. Hierarchical regression followed by path analysis indicated that the relationship between ASD and internet addiction symptoms was fully mediated by ADHD symptoms and negative moods. Further, the relationship between ADHD and internet addiction symptoms was partially mediated by impulsivity and negative moods. Present findings point to the mediating roles of ADHD symptoms and negative moods in the association of ASD with internet addiction symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study, conducted at Tana-Beles Sugarcane plantation in Ethiopia from May 2022 to October 2023, used a partially balanced lattice design with two replications to assess variability and trait associations among 196 sugarcane genotypes collected from 14 countries. Highly significant (p < 0.0001) variability was observed for all traits; especially genotypes with fuzz exhibited wider variation for cane (20.97–135.31 t/ha) and sugar yield (1.83–20.42 t/ha), highlighting their potential for improvement. Except for single cane weight, brix, and purity, all traits displayed moderate to high heritability (H2 : 31–79%) and genetic advance (GAM: 10.69–53.14%), indicating potential for improvement through phenotypic selection being controlled by additive gene actions. The number of millable stalks, stalk length, stalk diameter, brix and cane yield showed significant positive genotypic correlations (r = 0.49, r = 0.55, r = 0.41, r = 0.65, and r = 0.98, respectively) and strong direct positive effects (0.33, 0.47, 0.75, 0.51 and 0.83, respectively) on sugar yield. Thus, Sugar yield, along with these traits, can serve as selection criteria for identifying high-sugar-yielding sugarcane genotypes. Consequently, the top three sugarcane genotypes for multi-traits, namely B552–11, FG04–466, and B707–1, could be evaluated across seasons for commercial use at Tana-Beles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problematic smartphone use (PSU) and its negative consequences among adolescents are so commonly observed that they have become a matter of public concern. Utilizing life history (LH) theory, this study aims to examine how childhood risks (i.e., childhood harshness and unpredictability) would be associated with adolescent PSU via cognitive and emotional processes of LH strategy and psychological distress. A sample of 459 Chinese high school students aged from 14 to 18 (M = 16.90) participated in this study and voluntarily completed an anonymous survey. The results showed that childhood unpredictability and psychological distress were positively correlated with PSU, whereas childhood harshness and the two processes of LH strategy were negatively correlated with PSU. Path analysis further supported a partial mediation model, in which childhood unpredictability increased PSU, via serial mediators of the emotional process of LH strategy and psychological distress. The findings support the efficacy of LH theory in elucidating the development of behavioral addiction. However, the direct and negative association of childhood harshness with PSU was unexpected. It implicates the complexity of childhood environment on adolescent behavioral addictions and warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Plant functional traits, which encompass morphological, physiological, and ecological characteristics, are key to plant adaptation, growth, and development. In recent years, the structural equation model (SEM) has gained widespread use as a powerful statistical tool for studying plant functional traits and conducting research in this field. Its ability to distinguish between direct and indirect effects makes the SEM a robust method for investigating the complex relationships among environment components, traits, and ecosystem functions. (2) Here, we review and discuss four commonly used SEMs: (1) the covariance-based structural equation model, (2) the piecewise structural equation model, (3) the Bayesian structural equation model, and (4) the partial least squares structural equation model. We also explore their applications in three typical ecosystems—forest, grassland, and wetland ecosystems—and investigate these forms of SEM in the context of their use in trait-ecosystem function research. 3. Our specific objectives were to: (i) compare the advantages and disadvantages of these four types of SEMs; (ii) analyze the current state of research on SEM applications in plant functional traits across diverse ecosystems; and (iii) highlight new approaches and potential research areas for the future application of SEM in plant functional traits. 4. In this paper, several key findings were obtained: (i) the selection of SEM type is influenced by the different spatial scales of the study; (ii) latent and composite variables were less commonly utilized in recent SEM studies; and (iii) while SEMs have proven effective in distinguishing between direct and indirect effects to unravel the complex relationships among multiple variables, indirect effects deserve more attention in general studies. We propose that future applications of SEMs in plant functional traits should incorporate a broader spectrum of traits as well as the trade-offs between them. Larger and more diverse databases of plant functional traits would help make SEM analyses more accurate across different scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work has not examined if acculturation or enculturation may predict endorsed benefits, barriers, and intentions to seek mental health services for depression, specifically among Latino students enrolled in a rural and majority Latino immigrant institution of higher education. An improved understanding of factors informing mental health help-seeking is needed to identify possible intervention points to address gaps in accessing depression treatment. Participants (N = 406) read a vignette depicting a person with depressive symptoms. Participants were asked if they would seek help for depression if in the situation described in the vignette. Participants provided text responses about their preferences for managing depression symptoms and their mental health help-seeking history. Additionally, participants completed a self-report depression symptom screener, demographic surveys, acculturation assessment, and questionnaires on perceived benefits and barriers to seeking mental health services. Path analysis was used to test the link between acculturation status and intent to seek services for depression, with benefits and barriers as mediators. The results revealed that higher perceived benefits and lower barriers were directly associated with greater intentions to seek help. Furthermore, an indirect effect of acculturation on help-seeking intentions via higher perceived benefits of seeking care was observed. These findings persisted after controlling for age, gender, depression, and history of seeking care for depression. Future work should test the replicability of this finding with diverse college students living in predominantly immigrant communities. Universities might consider tailoring outreach initiatives to provide information on the range and accessibility of mental health services, the location of mental health service centers, and the procedures for accessing such services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predominantly cross‐sectional research suggests that self‐efficacy may play an important role in women's psychological health after experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). However, few studies have examined these associations over time or with respect to broader aspects of psychological well‐being. Valued living, which reflects behavioral engagement within personally important life domains, represents a key aspect of well‐being that may be negatively impacted by experiences of IPV. Participants were 190 women veterans who completed three web‐based surveys. We examined whether IPV experiences at Time 1 were associated with valued living at Time 3 (i.e., 4 years after Time 1) through self‐efficacy at Time 2 (i.e., 3 years after Time 1). We separately examined overall, psychological, physical, and sexual IPV and investigated lifetime and recent (i.e., past 6 months) IPV experiences for each subtype. Separate path analysis models indicated that lifetime overall, β = ‐.10, 95% CI [‐.19, ‐.02]; psychological, β = ‐.08, 95% CI [‐.17, ‐.001]; physical, β = ‐.10, 95% CI [‐.18, ‐.01]; and sexual, β = ‐.11, 95% CI [‐.22, ‐.01], IPV experiences were indirectly associated with less valued living through less self‐efficacy, whereas the indirect effect only emerged for recent physical IPV, β = ‐.26, 95% CI [‐.50, ‐.02], but not for recent overall, psychological, or sexual IPV. These findings suggest that experiencing IPV is associated with less self‐efficacy and valued living, which highlights the importance of providing early psychosocial interventions to enhance well‐being among individuals managing the effects of experiencing IPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) often consume alcohol to manage PTSS‐related discomfort, which can negatively impact individual and interpersonal functioning. Processes including emotion regulation and dyadic coping may influence the effects of PTSS and drinking patterns on relationship functioning. The present study examined how PTSS and risky drinking may function through the associations between maladaptive individual and interpersonal coping strategies and relationship distress among trauma‐exposed individuals. Participants were 237 adults in a romantic relationship who endorsed lifetime trauma exposure and alcohol consumption within the past year and completed an online battery of self‐report measures. Path analyses showed mixed support for the hypothesized theoretical causal model. PTSS was associated with maladaptive emotion regulation, β =.537, p =.010, and negative dyadic coping, β =.264, p =.009, whereas risky drinking was only related to negative dyadic coping, β =.193, p =.024. Negative dyadic coping was significant in the pathways between PTSS and relationship distress, β =.021, p =.009, and risky drinking and relationship distress, β =.030, p =.014. Exploratory analyses based on trauma type did not significantly change the overall model; however, a direct path suggested PTSS may have a stronger negative impact on relationship distress among individuals who experienced assault trauma (e.g., physical or sexual assault), β =.340, p =.012. Findings highlight the interrelations among intra‐ and interpersonal regulation and provide clinical targets of maladaptive emotion regulation and dyadic coping strategies for individuals with PTSS and harmful drinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating cognitive appraisal theory of stress and attachment theory, the current study explored the influence of daily workplace ostracism on employee short‐term work engagement and examined the mediating role of negative work reflection and the moderating effects of employee attachment styles (i.e., attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety). To test the theoretical model, we employed an experience sampling method to collect daily diary data over 10 consecutive workdays, resulting in a final sample of 834 observations drawn from 133 participants. Results of multilevel path analysis indicated that daily workplace ostracism was negatively related to employee next‐day work engagement through negative work reflection at night. In addition, we found that employee attachment avoidance not only moderated the within‐person relationship between daily workplace ostracism and negative work reflection at night but also alleviated the indirect effect of daily workplace ostracism on next‐day work engagement via negative work reflection at night. Taken together, our study contributed by unfolding the dynamic cognitive appraisal process of workplace ostracism and identifying the significant role of attachment avoidance in shaping employees' cognitive reactions to daily workplace ostracism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This study aims to explore the interaction between deep soil water, carbon and roots of artificial Caragana korshinskii with different planting years in northwest Shanxi Province, and to provide a theoretical basis for artificial vegetation restoration in the loess hilly region. [Methods] Caragana korshinskii forests with different planting years (20, 40, 60 years) were used as the research objects. The water content, organic carbon and root characteristic parameters of the 0—300 cm soil layer were measured, and the relationship between the three was analyzed. [Results] (1) Compared to barren grasslands, long-term Caragana korshinskii cultivation(over 40 years) reduced soil moisture content across the profile while increasing soil organic carbon content. The deficit in soil moisture primarily occurred at depths of 0—60 cm and 200—300 cm, whereas the organic carbon content was predominantly distributed within the 0—60 cm depth. Caragana korshinskii planting significantly enhanced root characteristic parameters within the 0—60 cm profile, with root biomass accounting for 50% of the total in the 0—300 cm soil layer. (2) Within the 0—60 cm soil layer, organic carbon exhibited a significant negative correlation with soil moisture (p＜0. 01) and a positive correlation with root volume density (p＜0. 05); in the 60—200 cm layer, soil moisture showed a significant negative correlation with organic carbon, root surface area density, and root volume density (p＜0. 05); in the 200—300 cm layer, soil moisture was significantly correlated positively with root parameters (p＜0. 05). Multivariate regression and path analysis indicated that root volume density and soil moisture were principal factors influencing organic carbon, with higher root volume density and lower soil moisture contributing to an increase in soil organic carbon. [Conclusion] After long-term planting of Caragana korshinskii in the loess hilly area of northwest Shanxi, the increase in surface root characteristic parameters promoted soil organic carbon accumulation, but aggravated the consumption of surface soil water and prompted the root system to grow deeper to adapt to water conditions. It emphasizes the necessity to consider the cumulative effects of vegetation planting duration and soil depth on soil moisture, organic carbon, and root characteristics in regional vegetation construction efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After experiencing a relational transgression, individuals may not forgive their partner. However, unforgiveness may prove detrimental to relationship functioning for both partners, and even more so when combined with individual and relational risk factors. This study examined the associations between unforgiveness dimensions (cognitive‐evaluative, emotional‐ruminative, and offender reconstrual) and relationship under‐commitment in couples who experienced a relational transgression, and the moderating roles of attachment insecurities (attachment anxiety and avoidance) and the sample type (community vs. clinical) in these associations. The sample included 114 couples (42 from the community and 72 seeking relationship therapy); both partners completed online questionnaires. Path analyses revealed associations between the cognitive‐evaluative and offender reconstrual dimensions, and higher under‐commitment in offended partners. The association between offender reconstrual and under‐commitment was only present when offended partners exhibited low to moderate levels of attachment anxiety. The emotional‐ruminative dimension was associated with under‐commitment in both partners, but only when offended partners reported low levels of attachment avoidance. No moderation effect was found for the sample type. This study enhances understanding of post‐transgression unforgiveness and unravels some individual characteristics that are likely to affect how it relates to both partners' under‐commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective］ To investigate the characteristics of soil disintegration under different vegetation restoration measures in degraded land of Pinus massoniana, compare the improvement of soil disintegration in severely degraded F. massoniana land in granite red soil area of Southern China by different vegetation restoration measures, and reveal the interactions between the influencing factors of soil disintegration in granite red soil area in Southern China. Methods］ Tn this study, a severely degraded land of F. massoniana in Changting County was selected as the research area, and a degraded land of F. massoniana was used as the control group (CK). Three vegetation restoration measures, including closure management (El), whole slope sowing grass (E2) and tree-shrub-grass ditch model (E3), were set as the experimental groups. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis and path analysis were used to study the disintegration of surface soil in four plots. Results] (1) There were significant differences in soil anti-erodibility under each measure. Compared with CK, the soil disintegration coefficient of El, E2 and E3 measures decreased by 16.3%, 52.5% and 67.2%, respectively. The tree-shrub-grass furrow model (E3) was more suitable for the treatment of severely degraded F. massoniana land. (2) Soil organic carbon content, total phosphorus content, available phosphorus content, total potassium content, available potassium content, water content and aggregate characteristics were the main influencing factors of soil disintegration. (3) Among various factors affecting soil disintegration, soil geometric mean diameter (GMT)) was the main direct influencing factor and played a dominant controlling role. Conclusion] The size of soil disintegration characteristics under different vegetation restoration measures follows the order of CK El: A E2 > E3. The soil disintegration characteristics can be maintained at a low level by adopting the tref-shrub-grass furrow management measure. This measure is more effective for soil and water loss control in severely degraded F. massoniana forest in granite red soil area. Soil geometric mean diameter (GMT)) is a direct control factor affecting soil disintegration characteristics, and can be used as a preferred index to evaluate soil disintegration characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of research reveals a connection between maternal incarceration and various child development outcomes. Even so, little is known about how the timing of maternal incarceration may shape the social–emotional development of young children and the role of maternal mental health in mediating this association. Using a sample of 1097 mothers (18–52 years old, 47.6% white) and children (aged 12–48 months) receiving home visiting services in Wisconsin, this study examined the intergenerational effect of incarceration before a child's birth on child social–emotional development, and whether this association was mediated by maternal mental health. While incarceration prior to a child's birth was not directly associated with child social–emotional outcomes, path analysis revealed an indirect association between mother's incarceration prior to a child's birth and child social–emotional problems through maternal mental health problems. Findings suggest that formerly incarcerated mothers may experience long-lasting mental health concerns that can undermine child social–emotional development. To optimize outcomes, practitioners may consider services that address the mental health, social support, and instrumental needs of mothers and children who have been impacted by mass incarceration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Correlation analysis informs us about the relative importance of the breeding traits and quite useful for plant breeders to formulate their breeding and selection strategies. Path coefficient analysis splits the correlation coefficient into the measures of indirect and direct effect. It identifies the indirect and direct influence of different autonomous genotype on a dependent trait. Present study aimed to determine major seed contributing components affecting seed yield and also to know the relationship among these components. Methods: Present investigation was carried out on 147 advanced breeding lines to know the correlations and path coefficient for 12 yield and yield contributing traits. The material was evaluated in augmented block design with 07 blocks, each block having 21 lines. A set of three check varieties were repeated in each block. Observations were recorded on number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, plant height (cm), silique/plant, fruiting zone length (cm), main shoot length (cm), number of seeds/siliquae, siliquae length (cm), biological yield/plant (g), seed yield/plant (g), harvest index and test weight. Result: The seed yield per plant showed positive and significant correlation with primary branches per plant (0.273), secondary branches per plant (0.280), siliquae per plant (0.627), biological yield per plant (0.744), harvest index (0.188), test weight (0.212) and oil content (0.225). Biological yield per plant (0.5747) had maximum direct effect on seed yield per plant followed by siliquae per plant (0.2438), harvest index (0.127), oil content (0.118) and test weight. These characters have positive and significant association with seed yield per plant. The study thus indicated that biological yield per plant, siliquae per plant, harvest index and test weight are the important characters which should be considered in selection programme in Indian mustard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although the literature on education and learning sciences determined how student identities influence their experiential learning process, this link is less clear in the agricultural context, where farmers have faced unique value chain challenges i.e., production to marketing. Purpose: This study contributes to examining how farmers' role identities support or hamper farmers' experiential learning processes. Methodology: First, a qualitative analysis of 91 interviews with coffee farmers in Uganda was carried out to understand the nature and relevance of farmers' role identities. Second, using partial least squares regression-based path analysis, the moderating effect of 214 coffee farmers' production role identity on their experiential learning was assessed. Findings : Findings reveal that farmers' identification as coffee farmers shape what, how, and when they learn from their value chain challenges. Farmers' role identity, in particular, supports their reflection on past challenges to increase their challenge-solving knowledge, as well as experimentation to solve their challenges. Implications: This study integrates role identity theories in the study of learning processes in rural coffee value chains. Moreover, the findings suggest that agricultural extension workers should understand farmers' identities and their influence on their learning to select the targets and developments of their training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexualized drug use (SDU) has been associated with various motivations (e.g. coping with emotional distress, enhancing sexual functioning) and factors related to sexo-relational well-being (e.g., sexual satisfaction, performance anxiety). However, there is a lack of comprehensive models exploring associations between motivations for SDU and sexo-relational correlates. This study examined motivations related to SDU and their associations with sexo-relational correlates (e.g., sexual satisfaction, compulsivity). A community sample of 1,196 adults from Quebec completed an online survey on sexual health, including a questionnaire on SDU and related motivations and validated questionnaires on sexual satisfaction, sexual performance anxiety, body shame, discomfort with sexual communication, sexual compulsivity, and a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) were performed on the SDU motivations questionnaire, followed by path analysis to test for sexo-relational correlates motivation domains. The EFA revealed four SDU motivations: increasing satisfaction and sensations (Factor 1), increasing sexual self-esteem (Factor 2), mitigating distress (Factor 3), and increasing sexual responsiveness and functioning (Factor 4). Higher performance anxiety and sexual compulsivity were associated with higher scores on all four motivation factors. Greater body shame was positively linked to Factors 2 and 3 and negatively to Factor 4. Sexual satisfaction, discomfort with sexual communication, and CSA were, respectively, uniquely associated with Factors 1, 3, and 4. The results provide insight into the heterogeneity of motivations for SDU and into the relationship between these motivations and sexo-relational well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic declared in early 2020 led to the closure of Australia's international borders and the stranding of thousands of Australians overseas. We surveyed "stranded" Australians pre- and post-repatriation to evaluate their stress-coping responses at the time and the longer-term impacts of their experience. Method: Stranded Australians (n = 587; 18–70 years of age; M = 40.15, SD = 11.90) completed a survey measuring COVID-19 impact, stressor appraisal and coping strategy, and psychological adjustment, and 203 of them completed a follow-up survey of psychological adjustment and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms post-repatriation. Results: Path analysis showed that "primary" appraisals of the repatriation situation (i.e. as a threat or challenge) were positively associated with negative affect, use of avoidant coping, and poorer psychological adjustment. Although the follow-up survey revealed improvements in psychological adjustment, initial use of avoidant coping was associated with higher levels of PTSD post-repatriation. Conclusion: Primary appraisals and avoidant coping were associated with poorer psychological adjustment and longer-term PTSD symptomatology. The results highlight the need for ongoing mental health support for repatriated Australians and call for higher prioritisation of practical and mental health support in the event of future border closures. KEY POINTS: What is already known about this topic: Australians were stranded overseas in large numbers during the COVID-19 pandemic due to a combination of border closures, restrictions on travel, and limited availability of repatriation flights. "Stranded" Australians received limited practical, informational, and health-related support from the Australian Government while awaiting repatriation. Little is known about the stressors faced by stranded Australians, the psychological impact of these stressors, the coping strategies they employed at the time, and the longer-term relevance of these strategies for their psychological functioning upon returning to Australia. What this topic adds: Results showed that over a third of stranded Australians reported "severe" to "extreme" levels of psychological adjustment problems both pre and post repatriation. Worse outcomes were seen in stranded Australians who appraised their repatriation situation as a threat or challenge and who engaged in avoidant coping in response. The results highlight the need for ongoing mental health support for repatriated Australians and call for higher prioritisation of practical and mental health support in the event of future border closures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One phenolic component that might actively contribute to plants' fading resistance mechanism is salicylic acid. This study used a randomized complete block design with six treatment concentrations of 0, 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/L salicylic acid at the start of the Kharak stage in three repetitions to examine the impact of salicylic acid injection on date bunch fading disorder on the Mazafati cultivar. The study was conducted in the Bam region. In this study, the disorder damage percentage, length, diameter and weight of fruit, fruit flesh-to-kernel ratio, yield, soluble solids content, pH, titratable acidity, total sugar content and protein percentage were investigated. Experimental date trees treated with 100 mg/L salicylic acid compared to other treatments showed an 18% reduction in the damage of date bunch fading disorder at the level of P<0.01 Duncan test. Also, application of 100 mg/L salicylic acid increased yield by 17 kg in each tree compared to control trees at the level of P<0.01 Duncan test. While certain salicylic acid treatments were successful in lowering date bunch fading disorder damage and boosting experimental date tree yields, they had no discernible impact on the physicochemical characteristics of the fruit. The only variable included in the model, disorder damage, accounted for 86% of the variances, according to stepwise regression analysis. The two variables with the strongest positive and significant correlations were fruit weight with flesh-to-kernel ratio (0.991**) and total sugar with pH (0.997**). Except for a drop in soluble solids, total sugar content, and fruit pH in comparison to the control, the findings of Duncan's test categorization indicated that salicylic acid injection raised them in all treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic affected the lives of citizens globally. The impact of the pandemic was felt in both developing and developed countries. The aim of this paper was to examine the efficiency of new technologies in various aspects of human interaction to promote and sustain digitalisation to mitigate the pandemic's impact on Africa's present and future. The digital divide theory informed the study. Through documentary search, the researchers drew certain country-specific characteristics and experiences that can influence the effective use of technology in Africa's COVID-19 recovery trajectory. Thus, a narrative literature review was conducted to critically analyse previous studies on digitalisation in Africa's pre- and post-COVID-19 recovery path. This study used secondary data sources to identify the emerging threats, opportunities, and interventions to mitigate digital transformation problems in the African region. The paper argued that digital technology has greatly influenced the socioeconomic aspect of people's lives during the pandemic, creating both opportunities and challenges. Empirical evidence confirms that marginalised African societies risk being left behind due to limited access to digitalisation. Therefore, governments must prioritise and expand digitalisation efforts to promote socio-economic transformation in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explored the associations between orthorexia nervosa, social media addiction, emotion regulation difficulties, perfectionism and BMI with four facets of mindful eating, using path analysis to assess these relationships. A sample of 551 students (127 males, 424 females, mean age = 22.6 years) completed an online self‐report questionnaire evaluating these constructs. Analyses revealed that mindful eating contributed to emotion dysregulation and orthorexia nervosa and was related to social media addiction. Significant indirect paths were identified from mindful eating, social media addiction and adaptive perfectionism through emotion dysregulation to maladaptive perfectionism. While no direct paths were observed between mindful eating and perfectionism, a direct path was found between adaptive perfectionism and orthorexia nervosa. These findings suggest a more nuanced understanding of eating behaviours is required. Individuals susceptible to eating disorders should approach mindful eating with caution and seek support from healthcare providers to ensure it is used in a way that supports overall wellbeing. Future research should aim to replicate and further clarify these associations to reveal the long‐term effects of mindful eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation was conducted in March to June, 2022 at CAU research farm Andro, Imphal East, Manipur, India to study the nature, magnitude and interrelationships of genetic variation present within various characters of mung bean. This study included 27 mung bean genotypes in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed significant genetic variation (p<0.01) for all studied traits. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) values, indicating some environmental influence on trait expression. High heritability (>60%) was observed for plant height, number of clusters plant-1, pod length, number of seeds plant-1, 100-seed weight, protein%, and seed yield plant-1. These traits also exhibited high genetic advance (>20%), suggesting a significant role of additive gene effects. Seed yield plant-1 displayed positive correlations with number of clusters plant-1, number of pods plant-1, pod length, number of seed pod-1 and 100-seed weight at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. Path analysis revealed that number of pods plant-1 and number of seeds pod-1 were the most significant contributors to seed yield. These findings suggest that selection for these traits, along with indirect selection for pod length, 100-seed weight, flowering time, and protein percentage, could be effective strategies for improving mung bean yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory (1992), we asked how certain resources contribute to family resilience in families of children with ASD: family quality of life (FQOL; family resources), sense of community and loneliness (informal resources), and family-centered support provided by the state (formal resources). One hundred and twenty-one Israeli parents of children with ASD completed an online survey. Path analysis using AMOS was conducted. FQOL contributed to increased family resilience. Path analysis showed loneliness, sense of community, and services use contributed to family resilience through FQOL. Overall, the research model explained 68% of the variance in family resilience. Implications for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the relationship between compassion and mindfulness in teaching among early years practitioners, with low levels of psychological distress as a mediator. A total of 81 early years practitioners were recruited from the United Kingdom via mass emails and announcements on social media platforms. Findings based on path analysis indicated that lower psychological distress mediated the positive relation between compassion and intrapersonal mindfulness in teaching, after controlling for level of education, years of practice, and role of practitioner. More specifically, compassion was related to psychological distress, intrapersonal mindfulness, and interpersonal mindfulness in teaching, whereas psychological distress was related to intrapersonal mindfulness, but not interpersonal mindfulness in teaching. The present findings inform early years practitioners and researchers of a differential chain of processes between compassion, psychological distress, and mindfulness in teaching. Practitioner points: Early years practitioners' lower psychological distress mediated the relation between compassion and intrapersonal mindfulness in teaching.Compassion was related to psychological distress, intrapersonal mindfulness, and interpersonal mindfulness in teaching.The present findings inform practitioners a potential chain of processes between compassion and mindfulness in teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of high dose of phosphorus (P) changes the soil chemical properties which may lead to redistribution of Zn fractions in soil. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of added zinc (Zn) and P on Zn transformations in a New Alluvial soil (Aeric Haplaquept), together with dry matter yield and Zn uptake by rice plants. The treatments included four levels of P (0, 40, 60, and 80 kg ha−1) and three levels of Zn (0, 5, and 10 kg ha−1). Although P application increased the dry matter yield of rice, Zn concentration and uptake was decreased significantly at higher dose of P application. Application of P caused a decrease in all the fractions of soil Zn except amorphous and crystalline Fe-oxide bound zinc. The order of preponderance of different zinc fractions followed the order, water soluble plus exchangeable (WE-Zn) < carbonate bound (Car-Zn) < organically bound (Org-Zn) < manganese oxide (MnOx-Zn) < crystalline sesquioxide (CFeOx-Zn) < amorphous sesquioxide (AFeOx-Zn) < residual Zn (Res-Zn). Residual Zn was the most dominant form of Zn, contributing about 69.07% to total Zn. Correlation data indicated that those fractions are in a state of dynamic equilibrium among different fractions and governs the plant-available Zn in soil. Path coefficient analysis of different Zn-fractions with Zn-uptake in rice plant showed that among the all pools of Zn, Org-Zn fraction plays the most vital role in contributing to Zn uptake by plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The role of non-linguistic factors, such as executive functions, in the reading comprehension process has been analyzed. The present research sought to investigate the relationship between executive functions and reading comprehension. Methods: In an exploratory cross-sectional study, a group of 89 fourth-grade students were evaluated, considering a balanced number of children with and without reading comprehension difficulties. Results: The results indicate that students with reading comprehension difficulties present a lowered profile with respect to both executive functions and reading variables. The path analysis indicates the presence of differences in the variables that explain reading comprehension for both groups. While in the case of students without reading comprehension difficulties, working memory has both a direct and an indirect effect, i.e., through vocabulary, on reading comprehension; in the case of children with reading comprehension difficulties, only cognitive flexibility has a direct impact. In both cases, inhibition has an indirect impact through vocabulary. Conclusions: We reflect on the differentiated role of executive functions according to the level of development of reading skills, highlighting the possibility that some skills may act in a compensatory manner in the presence of general difficulties. The role of vocabulary in the relationship between executive skills and reading is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering, procurement, and construction projects are time-intensive and subject to resource constraints. Modern project planning software requires optimization algorithms to schedule tasks while considering resource availability. A comprehensive review of the optimization algorithms used in project planning has not yet been conducted. This study seeks to bridge the gap through an algorithmic review of the Resource-constrained Project Scheduling Problems (RCPSPs) literature and investigates the following research questions: What are the milestones on the main development trajectory of optimization algorithms for solving RCPSPs? How might this influence future advancements in the field? To answer these questions, the Main Path Analysis (MPA) method is employed to review the development trajectory and milestones from over 1100 project scheduling articles published between 1980 and 2024. Cluster Analysis (CA) complements the investigations by identifying the prevalent research themes, mathematical features, and solution algorithms. Recommendations for future research directions, supported by the systematic review, conclude the study. This review provides a reference for project management researchers focused on industrial applications of project scheduling problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multimorbidity negatively affects health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), though the underlying mechanism remained unclear. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of depressive symptoms and multimorbidity treatment burden (MTB) in the association between disease burden and HRQoL in multimorbid patients with hypertension and to determine differences in mediating effects between and within age groups (< 60 years vs. 60 and above). Disease burden, depressive symptoms, MTB, and HRQoL were assessed by self‐reported questionnaires. We conducted path analysis with all subjects and multi‐group path analyses with two age groups. Results from the path analysis with all subjects (n = 498) showed a significant direct effect of disease burden on HRQoL and a significant indirect effect via depressive symptoms and MTB. No significant differences in mediating effects were found between age groups. However, in the older patients, depressive symptoms had a greater indirect effect than MTB. Our results underscore the importance of addressing both depressive symptoms and MTB in interventions tailored to the patient's age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to clarify the population dynamics of Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) in cowpea field and its relationship with weather parameters in Sanya. Population density of M. usitatus monitored by blue plate trapping method in cowpea field for two consecutive years. Correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis, path analysis, grey relation analysis, and redundancy analysis were used to analyze the relationship between population density and weather parameters. The results showed that the peak of population density was the flowering period of cowpea, which period was the main activity period of M. usitatus. Correlation analysis showed that the population change of summer crop was related to temperature, wind speed and precipitation, and winter crop was related to temperature. Redundancy analysis showed that temperature of summer crop combined to affect the population density of M. usitatus. The temperature and humidity during winter crop affected the population density of M. usitatus. Regression analysis showed that the population density of summer and winter thrips were most affected by daily average temperature. Grey relation analysis showed that the annual occurrence of the M. usitatus was affected by the combined temperature and precipitation. These results will contribute to predicting the changes that may occur in a population of M. usitatus concerning the weather parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Constructing a multiple mediation model based on two mediating variables, social support and self-efficacy, to explore the mechanism of health literacy's effect on decisional conflict in patients with stable schizophrenia. Patients and Methods: A total of 205 patients with stable schizophrenia who were hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital in Guangdong Province, China, were selected for the study. The All Aspects of Health Literacy Scale (AAHLS), Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) were used to evaluate health literacy, decisional conflict, social support and self-efficacy. Path analysis was performed by constructing a structural equation model, and the mediating effect between variables was validated by the bias-corrected nonparametric percentile bootstrap method. Results: Health literacy, social support, and self-efficacy together explained 20.4% of the variance in decisional conflict. (1) Severe decisional conflict group accounted for 82% of overall patients with stable schizophrenia. (2) there were strong and significant negative relationships between decisional conflict and health literacy, social support, self-efficacy and each of their dimensions (r=− 0.14– 0.27, P< 0.01 or P< 0.05). (3) The path analysis showed that health literacy directly affects decisional conflict (β=− 0.282); additionally, health literacy indirectly affects decisional conflict through social support (β=− 0.319), self-efficacy (β=− 0.010) and through the chain mediating effect of social support and self-efficacy (β=− 0.008). Conclusion: Patients with stable schizophrenia have serious decisional conflict in China, and necessary interventions have to be made. This study found that social support and self-efficacy mediate the relationship between health literacy and decisional conflict in patients with stable schizophrenia in China. Healthcare professionals should emphasize health literacy education for patients, and implement pathway-based targeted interventions to improve health literacy, reduce decisional conflict, and promote the recovery of patients with stable schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to propose a structural model of cyberbullying, which is based on stressful life events, family emotional atmosphere, and empathy, with the inclusion of loneliness as a mediator. Methods: The research design employed in this study was descriptive -correlational. The target population consisted of all second -year high school students in Marand city (Iran) in 2023, totaling 8000 individuals. A sample size of 310 participants was determined using Klein's rule, and selected using multi -stage cluster sampling. Data were collected through Antoniadou Cyberbullying Questionnaire (2016), Russell loneliness Questionnaire (1996), Byrne et al. Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ), Hillburn Family Emotional Atmosphere (1964), and Jolliffe and Farrington Basic Empathy Scale (2006). Data analysis was conducted using the path analysis method via SPSS -28 and AMOS -24 software. Results: The findings revealed a favorable fit between the proposed research model and the collected data. Upon analyzing the results, it was discovered that the direct impact of family emotional atmosphere and empathy on cyberbullying was found to be negative and statistically significant. On the other hand, the direct effect of loneliness on cyberbullying was positive and statistically significant. However, no significant relationship was observed between stressful life events and cyberbullying. Furthermore, the results indicated that loneliness played a significant mediating role in the relationship between stressful life events, family emotional atmosphere, and empathy with cyberbullying. Conclusion s: In conclusion, the results suggest that cyberbullying may be indicative of a low level of family emotional atmosphere and empathy, as well as a high level of loneliness. Psychologists and educational counselors should give advice on improving the emotional atmosphere of the family and teaching empathy skills and giving advice to parents to prevent cyberbullying in teenagers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]