394 results on '"Physic nut"'
Search Results
152. Isolation of 55 microsatellite markers for Jatropha curcas and its closely related species.
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PHUMICHAI, C., PHUMICHAI, T., KONGSIRI, N., WONGKAEW, A., SRIPICHIT, P., and KAVEETA, R.
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JATROPHA , *MICROSATELLITE repeats , *GENETIC polymorphisms , *GENE frequency - Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. (physic nut) is native to Central America and now naturalized widely in many tropical and subtropical areas. Microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized. Eleven out of 55 markers showed polymorphisms, and the allelic variation was investigated using 26 accessions of J. curcas collected from several provinces in Thailand. Each marker showed 2 to 5 alleles and the average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.49. Thirty four markers (62 %) were also successfully amplified in J. integerrima, J. gossypifolia and J. podagrica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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153. Benzyladenine Treatment Significantly Increases the Seed Yield of the Biofuel Plant Jatropha curcas.
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Pan, Bang-Zhen and Xu, Zeng-Fu
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JATROPHA ,BENZYLAMINOPURINE ,BIOMASS energy ,CYTOKININS ,PLANT growth ,EUPHORBIACEAE ,FLOWERS ,SEX in plants - Abstract
Jatropha curcas, a monoecious perennial biofuel shrub belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae, has few female flowers, which is one of the most important reasons for its poor seed yield. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of the plant growth regulator 6-benzyladenine (BA) on floral development and floral sex determination of J. curcas. Exogenous application of BA significantly increased the total number of flowers per inflorescence, reaching a 3.6-fold increase (from 215 to 784) at 160 mg/l of BA. Furthermore, BA treatments induced bisexual flowers, which were not found in control inflorescences, and a substantial increase in the female-to-male flower ratio. Consequently, a 4.5-fold increase in fruit number and a 3.3-fold increase in final seed yield were observed in inflorescences treated with 160 mg/L of BA, which resulted from the greater number of female flowers and the newly induced bisexual flowers in BA-treated inflorescences. This study indicates that the seed yield of J. curcas can be increased by manipulation of floral development and floral sex expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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154. Genetic diversity of physic nut ( Jatropha curcas L.) revealed by SSR markers.
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Na-ek, Yaowalak, Wongkaew, Arunee, Phumichai, Thitaporn, Kongsiri, Nongluck, Kaveeta, Rungsarid, reewongchai, Tanee, and Phumichai, Chalermpol
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Ten microsatellite markers were used to investigate genetic diversity and genetic structure among 32 accessions of Jatropha curcas. Low levels of average genetic diversity were observed ( H = 0.160). A dendrogram produced by the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) based on Nei's genetic distances revealed 3 groups among 32 accessions. The genetic differentiation ( F) among two groups was significant ( P < 0.01). The model-based Bayesian clustering method indicated that a population structure (Δ K) was separated into two groups. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed higher variability (63.753%) among groups than within groups (36.247%). These findings could assist in defining the best method of genetic conservation and studies in breeding programs for genetic improvement of J. curcas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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155. Monitoring stomatal conductance of Jatropha curcas seedlings under different levels of water shortage with infrared thermography
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Maes, W.H., Achten, W.M.J., Reubens, B., and Muys, B.
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BIOMASS energy , *BIODIESEL fuels , *JATROPHA , *THERMOGRAPHY , *STOMATA , *INFRARED detectors , *WATER shortages , *FOLIAR diagnosis - Abstract
Abstract: Model simulations and experimental measurements were used to investigate the applicability of infrared thermography for the estimation of stomatal conductance and drought stress under sub-optimal meteorological conditions. The study focused on the stomatal conductance index I g, calculated from the leaf temperature and the temperature of a dry and wet reference leaf. The simulations revealed that I g is influenced by leaf dimension, wind speed and air temperature and not or hardly by leaf angle, albedo, relative humidity or insolation. In addition, I g was found to be very sensitive to differences in wind speed, air temperature, insolation, leaf dimension and leaf angle between the measured and the reference leaves. In the experimental part, we evaluated if infrared thermography can be used to improve the knowledge on the water use of Jatropha curcas L., a tropical biofuel crop. Thermal images from Jatropha seedlings grown under three different drought treatments were made on a day with very variable insolation and a day with very low insolation. Smaller newly formed leaves and the active control of the leaf angle proved efficient ways of Jatropha to protect leaves under drought stress from overheating. I g, assessed in four different ways, and four simplified drought stress indices were derived and related to the measured stomatal conductance (g s) of the seedlings. The strongest correlation with g s and the highest discriminative power between the different water treatments were achieved when I g was calculated by taking the average leaf temperature per plant and the temperature of the dry and wet reference leaves of this plant, rather than the average temperature of several reference leaves. Using the difference between the dry reference and the measured leaf (T dry − T l) as a simplified index gave similar results, although correlations were weaker. Other simplified thermal indices were not well correlated with leaf stomatal conductance or with water treatment. Recommendations were formulated for the measurement of I g and (T dry − T l). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2011
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156. More than biofuel? Jatropha curcas root system symmetry and potential for soil erosion control
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Reubens, B., Achten, W.M.J., Maes, W.H., Danjon, F., Aerts, R., Poesen, J., and Muys, B.
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JATROPHA , *SOIL conservation , *PLANT-soil relationships , *ENERGY crops , *ARID regions plants , *LAND use & the environment , *SEEDLINGS , *PLANT root morphology - Abstract
Abstract: One of the reasons why Jatropha curcas has recently been hailed as one of the world’s most sustainable biofuel crops, is its suitability to grow on arid land where it offers the additional benefit of erosion control. As arid lands are often very vulnerable to land use changes, it is nevertheless important to fully understand (belowground) plant functional and structural development before they are planted at large scale. Here we introduce possible measurement methods for the root system structure of J. curcas seedlings and adult plants, formulate a set of hypotheses on root system structure, and demonstrate these in the light of root structure stability. Initially developing one taproot and four perpendicularly oriented laterals, the root structure of Jatropha appears to be quite promising to control soil erosion by water and wind on arid land. The lateral roots could decrease soil erodibility through additional soil cohesion, while the taproot and sinkers may enable exploitation of subsurface soil moisture and thus enhance vegetative cover, even in very dry environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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157. Reducing of phorbol ester content in callus cultures of physic nut (Jatropha Curcas L.) using manganese chloride and n-ethylmaleimid.
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Wirasutisna, Komar Ruslan and Elfahmi, Artria
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EUPHORBIACEAE , *HERBAL medicine , *PHORBOL esters , *ESTERS , *NUTS - Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) is an important plant. It has been used as pesticide, and herbal medicine. The oil from J. curcas can serve as biofuel that have high economically value. This plant contain toxic compound such as phorbol ester. Reducing of toxic compound from the plant would be useful to give added values of this plant. Callus cultures were initiated from J. curcas L. seed using MS medium, and treated by manganese chloride and n-ethylmaleimid. Phorbol ester content from seeds, callus and treated callus was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Content of phorbol ester in seed and callus culture were 7,41 mg/g DW and 2,44 mg/g DW - 5,27 mg/g DW, respectively. Treatment using manganese chloride (MnCl2) 2 mM and 3 mM showed that the content of phorbol ester in callus culture decreased up to 30,5% and 30,6% respectively, at day 7. While, treatment using n-ethylmaleimid (NEM) 0,6; 0,9; and 1,2 mM showed that the content of phorbol ester in callus culture decrease up to 26,6%, 6,25%, and 32,2% respectively, at day 21. Phorbol ester content in callus culture of J. curcas was lower than its original seeds then it can be more reduced using manganese chloride and n-ethylmaleimid. This finding showed that cell cultures technique can be used to reduce the production of toxic compounds in J. curcas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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158. Functional properties of protein isolate obtained from physic nut ( Jatropha curcas L.) seed cake.
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Saetae, Donlaporn, Kleekayai, Thanyaporn, Jayasena, Vijay, and Suntornsuk, Worapot
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Physic nut ( Jatropha curcas L.) protein isolate was successfully achieved from physic nut seed cake by an alkaline extraction and followed by an isoelectric precipitation. The protein isolate had small amounts of phorbol esters, phytic acid, and saponin without any lectin. Its minimum and maximum solubility were at pH 4.0 and 12.0, respectively. Its water and oil binding capacities were 3.22 g water/g protein and 1.86mL oil/g protein, respectively. Its foaming capacity and emulsion activity showed high values in a range of basic pHs. Its foaming and emulsion stability values decreased with increasing time and exhibited high levels under basic pH conditions. Physic nut protein isolate had unique functional properties in water binding capacity, emulsion activity, and emulsion stability indicating an important role in food systems. It may be applied to salad dressing, mayonnaise, sausage, and meat products. Therefore, physic nut seed cake has a potential to be exploited as a novel source of functional protein for food or feed applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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159. Comparative effects of salinity and water stress on photosynthesis, water relations and growth of Jatropha curcas plants
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Silva, E.N., Ribeiro, R.V., Ferreira-Silva, S.L., Viégas, R.A., and Silveira, J.A.G.
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PLANT-water relationships , *SALINITY , *EFFECT of stress on plants , *PHOTOSYNTHESIS , *PLANT growth , *JATROPHA , *GAS exchange in plants , *COMPARATIVE studies , *POLYETHYLENE glycol , *PLANT adaptation - Abstract
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological responses of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) plants exposed to water stress and salinity in order to elucidate some acclimatory mechanisms. Mild water and salt stresses were imposed by plant exposure to -0.22MPa iso-osmotic solutions with PEG 6000 or NaCl 50mM for 8 days. Stress recovery was evaluated under control conditions after three and eight days. PEG treatment caused higher reductions in Ψw and Ψs, but both relative water content and succulence were not affected by the two stress treatments, compared to the control. The PEG-stressed plants suffered higher restrictions in leaf growth compared to the salt-stressed ones. Moreover, only the PEG treatment caused a pronounced effect on leaf membrane integrity. Both treatments caused similar impairment of the CO2 assimilation rate, but the PEG stressed plants showed higher restriction in stomatal conductance and transpiration. Although both stresses caused significant decreases on the leaf chlorophyll content, the photochemical activity was not affected. Since the plants subjected to mild water and salt stresses showed a rapid and almost complete recovery, these physiological alterations could represent a set of adaptive mechanisms employed by J. curcas to cope with these stressful conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2010
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160. Determination of physical, mechanical and chemical properties of seeds and kernels of Jatropha curcas L.
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Karaj, Shkelqim and Müller, Joachim
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SEEDS , *JATROPHA , *PLANT mechanics , *DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) , *MOISTURE , *PROPERTIES of matter - Abstract
Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate physical, mechanical and chemical properties of Jatropha curcas seed and kernels. The considered parameters were terminal velocity, unit mass, bulk/solid density, volume, porosity, surface area, specific surface area, coefficient of friction, static/dynamic angle of repose, rupture force, deformation at rupture point, deformation ratio at rupture point, hardness, energy used for rupture, moisture content, oil content, higher heating value, protein content and ash content. Seed mass frequency was indentified and four fractions of seeds were distinct by terminal velocity. It was observed that all physical characteristics such as unit mass, dimensions (x, y, z), arithmetic diameter, geometrical diameter and volume within seeds and kernels are significantly different between fractions at p ≤0.01. Coefficient of static friction of seeds was higher on rubber surface and lowest on stainless steel, namely 0.45 and 0.22. The coefficient of static friction was higher on all surfaces for kernels than for seeds. It was noticed that angle of repose of kernels was higher than for seeds. The rupture force of seeds and kernels increased with unit mass for horizontal (x), transversal (y) and vertical (z) direction. Vertical position showed highest values of rupture force for both, seeds and kernels. Lowest rupture force was recorded in transversal direction for seeds and in horizontal direction for kernels. Similar results were obtained for hardness. The oil content of kernels was higher than that of seeds for all fractions, the heaviest fraction of seeds and kernels show the highest values of oil content, namely 36% and 56%. Moisture content of seeds was higher than that of kernels and moisture content of kernels was decreasing with the increase of unit mass, namely from 7.55% to 4.11% moisture content (w.b). The higher heating value of kernels was higher than the higher heating value of seeds. The heaviest fraction of seeds and kernels showed the highest heating value, namely 26.23MJ/kg for seeds and 30.20MJ/kg for kernels. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2010
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161. Evaluation of jatropha oil to produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by Cupriavidus necator H16
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Ng, Ko-Sin, Ooi, Wei-Yang, Goh, Lay-Koon, Shenbagarathai, Rajaiah, and Sudesh, Kumar
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BIOPOLYMERS , *POLY-beta-hydroxybutyrate , *JATROPHA , *VEGETABLE oils , *BACTERIA , *LIPASES , *UREA , *BIOSYNTHESIS - Abstract
Abstract: Jatropha oil, a non-edible vegetable oil, may be an alternative substrate to food-grade oils for bioplastic production. Jatropha oil contains 93.9% palmitic acids, oleic acids and linoleic acids. High P(3HB) accumulation of 87 wt% from 13.1 g/L of cell dry weight (CDW) was obtained by Cupriavidus necator H16 when 12.5 g/L of jatropha oil and 0.54 g/L of urea were used. Lipase activity increased in the initial stages of P(3HB) production, when 1 g/L of jatropha oil was added to the preculture medium. Addition of oil in preculture did not affect final CDW or P(3HB) accumulation. P(3HB) production in a 10 L lab-scale fermenter gave a yield of 0.78 g P(3HB) per g jatropha oil used after 48 h. For the first time, this study proved that jatropha oil is a feasible and excellent carbon source for P(3HB) biosynthesis by C. necator H16 with potential for large-scale production. The toxins in jatropha oil did not affect the P(3HB) biosynthesis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2010
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162. Biomass production and allocation in Jatropha curcas L. seedlings under different levels of drought stress
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Achten, W.M.J., Maes, W.H., Reubens, B., Mathijs, E., Singh, V.P., Verchot, L., and Muys, B.
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JATROPHA , *PLANT biomass , *SEEDLINGS , *EFFECT of drought on plants , *PLANT roots , *PLANT shoots , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Abstract: In a greenhouse experiment we applied three levels of drought stress and monitored growth variables and biomass production of Jatropha curcas seedlings propagated from three seed accessions. We determined biomass allocation, allometric relationships and plant traits. Well-watered J. curcas seedlings grew 0.81±0.15cm day−1 in length and produced 1.49±0.31g dry biomass day−1. Under medium stress (40% plant available water) the plants maintained a similar stem shape, although they grew at lower rate (stem length: 0.28±0.11cm day−1; dry biomass production: 0.64±0.18g day−1). Seedlings under extreme drought stress (no irrigation) stopped growing, started shedding leaves and showed shrinking stem diameter from the 12th day after the start of the drought treatment. The drought treatment did not influence the wood density (0.26gcm−3). The root/shoot ratio of the wet treatment was 0.27, which is low compared to other tropical trees. Both the biomass allocation and root/shoot were significantly influenced by drought. Plants of the different accessions were uniform in biomass production and plant traits. The allometric relationship predicting total aboveground biomass (B) with the stem diameter (D) (B =0.029× D 2.33; R2 =0.89) fits well in universal scaling models in which the exponent is expected to converge to ∼2.67 at plant maturity. Based on a small validation data set from mature J. curcas individuals this hypothesis could be confirmed. A second regression model predicts the total leaf area (LA) as a function of stem diameter (LA =2.03× D 2.41; R 2 =0.95). The estimated transpiration crop coefficient Kcb ranged from 0.51 to 0.60 for the well-watered plants. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2010
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163. A new 2S albumin from Jatropha curcas L. seeds and assessment of its allergenic properties
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Maciel, Fábio Menezes, Laberty, Mariana Agra, Oliveira, Natália Deus, Felix, Shayany Pinto, Soares, Alexandra Martins dos Santos, Verícimo, Maurício Afonso, and Machado, Olga Lima Tavares
- Abstract
Abstract: Significant effort has been made world-wide to boost biofuels with the expectation of a positive contribution to renewable fuel and greenhouse gas reduction. Jatropha curcas L. has proved to be an opportunistic crop in tropical areas, particularly in unfavorable environments. For this reason, analyses of toxicity and allergy caused by its seeds and pollen are necessary. A 12kDa, allergenic 2S albumin, denoted Jat c 1, was isolated from Physic nut (J. curcas) seeds. Jat c 1 binds IgE attached to rat mast cells, inducing histamine release. It also showed strong cross-reactivity with the major allergens from castor bean, Ric c 1 and Ric c 3. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2009
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164. Chromosome numbers of Jatropha curcas L.: an important agrofuel plant.
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Dahmer, Nair, Wittmann, Maria Teresa Schifino, and dos Santos Dias, Luiz Antônio
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CHROMOSOMES , *JATROPHA , *CELLS , *PLANTS , *GENETICS , *BIOTECHNOLOGY , *BIOMASS energy , *RESEARCH - Abstract
Chromosome numbers were determined in five populations of the agrofuel physic nut plant (Jatropha curcas L.). Somatic chromosome numbers were counted from root-tip cells of four individuals per population and all had 2n=22 chromosomes, corresponding to the diploid level (x=11). The chromosomes are small (ca. 1 to 2 μm), meta or submetacentrics. The present results are in line with literature and indicate that all J. curcas populations examined so far are diploid. This lack of variation in chromosome number contrasts with the high variability in other characteristics. From the plant breeding viewpoint, the fact that all populations analyzed are diploid and have the same chromosome number is an advantage for planning crosses and obtaining hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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165. Plant–water relationships and growth strategies of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings under different levels of drought stress
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Maes, W.H., Achten, W.M.J., Reubens, B., Raes, D., Samson, R., and Muys, B.
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PLANT-water relationships , *PLANT growth , *JATROPHA , *EFFECT of drought on plants , *EFFECT of stress on plants , *ENERGY crops , *DROUGHT tolerance , *EXPERIMENTAL biology , *PLANT physiology , *STOMATA , *LEAF physiology - Abstract
Abstract: Although Jatropha curcas, an important tropical biofuel crop, is reputed for its drought resistance, its ability to perform under dry conditions has hardly been investigated. In a greenhouse experiment we investigated the plant–water relationships of Jatropha seedlings from different accessions under different levels of drought stress. There was little difference in plant–water relations between accessions. Drought significantly reduced leaf area, biomass and relative growth rate, but had no effect on specific leaf area, daily range in leaf water potential, leaf water content, transpiration efficiency or aboveground biomass water productivity, corrected for atmospheric conditions. Stem wood density was equally low (0.26gcm−3) for all treatments. Stem water content was lowest for dry treatment seedlings. Based on these results, Jatropha could be characterized as a stem-succulent tree. In contrast to other stem-succulent deciduous trees, leaves were not shed immediately after the seedlings were confronted with drought. Instead, at the onset of drought, leaves with a higher adaxial stomatal density were formed, after which leaves were only gradually shed. The role of the succulent stem in the water economy of Jatropha was confined to balancing the small water losses of the leaves during drought. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2009
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166. Climatic growing conditions of Jatropha curcas L.
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Maes, W.H., Trabucco, A., Achten, W.M.J., and Muys, B.
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JATROPHA , *BIOMASS energy , *BIODIESEL fuels , *ECOLOGICAL niche , *BOTANICAL specimens , *PLANTATIONS , *TEMPERATURE , *SAVANNA ecology , *MONSOONS - Abstract
Abstract: The massive investment in new jatropha plantations worldwide is not sufficiently based on a profound scientific knowledge of its ecology. In this article, we define the climatic conditions in its area of natural distribution by combining the locations of herbarium specimens with corresponding climatic information, and compare these conditions with those in 83 jatropha plantations worldwide. Most specimens (87%) were found in tropical savannah and monsoon climates (A m, A w) and in temperate climates without dry season and with hot summer (C fa), while very few were found in semi-arid (B S) and none in arid climates (B W). Ninety-five percent of the specimens grew in areas with a mean annual rainfall above 944 mm year−1 and an average minimum temperature of the coldest month (T min) above 10.5°C. The mean annual temperature range was 19.3–27.2°C. The climatic conditions at the plantations were different from those of the natural distribution specimens for all studied climatic variables, except average maximum temperature in the warmest month. Roughly 40% of the plantations were situated in regions with a drier climate than in 95% of the area of the herbarium specimens, and 28% of the plantations were situated in areas with T min below 10.5°C. The observed precipitation preferences indicate that jatropha is not common in regions with arid and semi-arid climates. Plantations in arid and semi-arid areas hold the risk of low productivity or irrigation requirement. Plantations in regions with frost risk hold the risk of damage due to frost. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2009
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167. Thermal investigation of oil and biodiesel from Jatropha curcas L.
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Freire, L. M. S., Bicudo, T. C., Rosenhaim, R., Sinfrônio, F. S. M., Botelho, J. R., Carvalho Filho, J. R., Santos, I. M. G., Fernandes Jr., V. J., Antoniosi Filho, N. R., and Souza, A. G.
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BIODIESEL fuels , *THERMAL analysis , *THERMOGRAVIMETRY , *CALORIMETRY , *ENTHALPIMETRIC titration , *ANALYTICAL chemistry - Abstract
Biodiesel is susceptible to autoxidation if exposed to air, light and temperature, during its storage. Physic nut ( Jatropha curcas L.) seeds show potential application for biodiesel production since its oil yields high quality biodiesel. This work aims to evaluate the thermal behavior of the physic nut oil and biodiesel, from several Brazilian crops, by means of thermoanalytical techniques. Thermogravimetry (TG) and pressurized-differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) were used in order to determine the applicability of physic nut biodiesel as fuel. Results suggest that physic nut biodiesel is a practical alternative as renewable and biodegradable fuel able to be used in diesel motors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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168. Thermal decomposition study on Jatropha curcas L. waste using TGA and fixed bed reactor
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Sricharoenchaikul, Viboon and Atong, Duangduen
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PALMITIC acid , *CHEMICAL reactions , *PYROLYSIS , *UNSATURATED fatty acids - Abstract
Abstract: Pyrolysis experiments on Jatropha curcas L. (physic nut) waste were carried out using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a fixed bed quartz reactor to determine suitable degradation model as well as investigate the effect of operating conditions on product distribution. It was found that the main thermal decomposition of physic nut waste generally occurred over the temperature range of 250–450°C. The three-parallel reactions model was applied for simulating the degradation of this waste. The model agreed relatively well with the experimental data. From the model, the activation energy of hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin was in the range of 41–68, 187–235, and 97–150kJ/mol, respectively. Reaction orders of those fractions were in the range of 2.4–3.2. Results from pyrolysis process using fixed bed reactor indicated that increase in temperature and hold time lead to greater production of hydrogen, methane and light hydrocarbons with highest gas production detected at 900°C. Tar decomposed at higher temperatures resulted in lower liquid yield while gas yield and total conversion increased. Liquid product consists of several fatty acids such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid in the range of 10–23%, 5–12%, and 35–42%, respectively. The amount of char residue decreased with increasing reactor temperature and hold time. Fixed carbon in char increased with temperature with the expense of volatile matter while there was little change on ash content. Generally, pyrolysis of this residue may be applied for the production of value-added products as well as fuels after some upgrading processes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2009
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169. Pre-colonized seedlings with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: an alternative for the cultivation of Jatropha curcas L. in salinized soils
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de Oliveira, Dilliani Felipe Barros, Endres, Lauricio, Silva, José Vieira, and Clemente, Paulo Ricardo Aprígio
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- 2017
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170. Jatropha bio-diesel production and use
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Achten, W.M.J., Verchot, L., Franken, Y.J., Mathijs, E., Singh, V.P., Aerts, R., and Muys, B.
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JATROPHA , *BIOMASS energy , *LAND use , *ENERGY conversion - Abstract
Abstract: The interest in using Jatropha curcas L. (JCL) as a feedstock for the production of bio-diesel is rapidly growing. The properties of the crop and its oil have persuaded investors, policy makers and clean development mechanism (CDM) project developers to consider JCL as a substitute for fossil fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, JCL is still a wild plant of which basic agronomic properties are not thoroughly understood and the environmental effects have not been investigated yet. Gray literature reports are very optimistic on simultaneous wasteland reclamation capability and oil yields, further fueling the Jatropha bio-diesel hype. In this paper, we give an overview of the currently available information on the different process steps of the production process of bio-diesel from JCL, being cultivation and production of seeds, extraction of the oil, conversion to and the use of the bio-diesel and the by-products. Based on this collection of data and information the best available practice, the shortcomings and the potential environmental risks and benefits are discussed for each production step. The review concludes with a call for general precaution and for science to be applied. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
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171. Pressure effect in supercritical CO2 extraction of plant seeds
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Machmudah, Siti, Kondo, Mikako, Sasaki, Mitsuru, Goto, Motonobu, Munemasa, Jun, and Yamagata, Masahiro
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PRESSURE , *CARBON dioxide , *EXTRACTION (Chemistry) , *SEEDS - Abstract
Abstract: Effect of pressure on supercritical carbon dioxide extraction from various seeds was studied. Three kinds of seeds (rosehip, loquat and physic nut) were used as materials. Extraction was conducted at constant temperature (40, 60 and 80°C), at CO2 flow rate of 3ml/min and at various pressures (15–9MPa). Recovery of extract was compared with soxhlet extraction recovery using hexane as solvent. Based on results at constant temperature, the recovery of rosehip seed oil increased with increasing pressure at short extraction time, but decreased as extraction time progressed. Compared with soxhlet extraction, SC-CO2 extraction could extract more rosehip oil higher than soxhlet extraction using hexane. In the extraction of rosehip seed oil, the cross-over region was observed. The recovery of loquat seed oil increased with decreasing pressure at 60 and 80°C, but at 40°C, extraction recovery was independent of the pressure. For physic nut, increasing pressure allowed high extraction recovery from 83.7 to 88.7% at constant temperature. However, the SC-CO2 extraction could not completely extract oil from physic nut seeds compared with soxhlet extraction using hexane. The experimental results could be described using two simple models, the partitioning K D model and a two-site kinetic model. The two-site kinetic model applied well at higher pressure compared whereas the K D model failed to correlate the data at high pressure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
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172. Biology ofTelenomus pachycoris(Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a Parasitoid of Eggs ofPachycoris torridus(Hemiptera: Scutelleridae): The Effects of Egg Age, Exposure Time, and Temperature
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Ricardo Braun Marangon, Dirceu Pratissoli, Raul da Cunha Borges Filho, Dori Edson Nava, Marta Loiácono, Ricardo Antonio Polanczyk, Univ Fed Pelotas, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Museo Plata, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), and Museo de La Plata
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0106 biological sciences ,temperature requirement ,rearing technique ,biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,parasitism ,Biological pest control ,biological control ,Parasitism ,Hymenoptera ,Scutelleridae ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Parasitoid ,010602 entomology ,Animal science ,Insect Science ,Botany ,physic nut ,Zoología ,PEST analysis ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Sex ratio ,Scelionidae - Abstract
Telenomus pachycoris (Johnson) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is a parasitoid of eggs of Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli) (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), a main pest of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.; Euphorbiaceae). The objective of this work was to know the biology of T. pachycoris in P. torridus eggs under various conditions in order to develop a rearing technique for this parasitoid in the laboratory. We offered eggs of P. torridus to T. pachycoris during 4 exposition periods (6, 12, 18, and 24 h), as well as eggs of different ages (1 to 11 d), to evaluate, in both experiments, the number of parasitized eggs, duration of the egg-to-adult period, percentage of emergence, and sex ratio. We also evaluated the effect of constant temperatures (18, 20, 22, 25, 28, and 30 °C) and determined the duration of the egg-to-adult period, percentage of emergence, and sex ratio and estimated the thermal requirements and the number of generations per yr of T. pachycoris at each temperature. Parasitism of eggs was the highest at 12 h of exposure. Eggs up to 3 d old were the most parasitized, and the parasitism was zero on day 11. The duration of the egg-to-adult period was inversely proportional to temperature, ranging from 33.6 d at 18 °C to 9.8 d at 30 °C. The threshold temperature estimated for T. pachycoris was 12.9 °C, and the estimated thermal constant was 163.9 degree-days. The number of generations of T. pachycoris ranged from 11.3 to 38.1 per yr at 18 and 30 °C, respectively. The results may contribute to developing techniques for rearing T. pachycoris in the laboratory., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo
- Published
- 2017
173. Genome-wide analysis of the terpene synthase gene family in physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) and functional identification of six terpene synthases
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Xiong, Wangdan, Wu, Pingzhi, Jia, Yongxia, Wei, Xiaoyi, Xu, Liangxiong, Yang, Yanfang, Qiu, Deyou, Chen, Yaping, Li, Meiru, Jiang, Huawu, and Wu, Guojiang
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- 2016
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174. Physical Properties of Jatropha curcas L. Fruits and Seeds with Respect to Their Maturity Stage
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Shkelqim Karaj, Joachim Müller, and Sebastian Romuli
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020209 energy ,02 engineering and technology ,mechanical properties ,lcsh:Technology ,size ,Crop ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Natural rubber ,Bioenergy ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,physic nut ,General Materials Science ,geometric characteristics ,diameter ,Instrumentation ,Water content ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Mathematics ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,detachment force ,biology ,lcsh:T ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Maturity (sedimentology) ,General Engineering ,food and beverages ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,biology.organism_classification ,Bulk density ,Angle of repose ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,Computer Science Applications ,Horticulture ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,0210 nano-technology ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Jatropha curcas ,lcsh:Physics - Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. is a multipurpose bioenergy crop. Physical properties of J. curcas fruits and seeds are a fundamental knowledge required for the design of processing machinery. Therefore, this research investigates the physical properties at different maturity stages as indicated by pericarp color of the fruits (green, yellow, and black). Rupture force, hardness, deformation at rupture point, deformation ratio at rupture, and energy used for rupture were measured in the length and width direction of the fruits and in the length, width, and thickness of the seeds. During the course of maturing, a decrease in the unit mass and the surface area of the fruits was observed with a simultaneous increase for the seeds. Moisture content decreased during maturing. Bulk density and solid density were considerably different among maturity stages. The lowest porosity was observed in black fruits as well as &ldquo, black&rdquo, seeds. The highest dynamic and static angle of repose was detected for black fruits, while no substantial difference was observed between &ldquo, yellow&rdquo, and &ldquo, seeds. The highest and lowest coefficient of static friction for all fruits and seeds was found on rubber and plastic surfaces.
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- 2019
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175. Ectopic Expression of
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Mei-Li, Zhao, Jun, Ni, Mao-Sheng, Chen, and Zeng-Fu, Xu
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Sucrose ,heterostylous ,fungi ,trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase ,Arabidopsis ,food and beverages ,Plant Development ,Jatropha ,Flowers ,late flowering ,Plants, Genetically Modified ,Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ,Article ,Ectopic Gene Expression ,Phenotype ,physic nut ,Plant Proteins - Abstract
Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) phosphatase (TPP), a dephosphorylating enzyme, catalyzes the dephosphorylation of T6P, generating trehalose. In Jatropha, we found six members of the TPP family. Five of them JcTPPA, JcTPPC, JcTPPD, JcTPPG, and JcTPPJ are highly expressed in female flowers or male flowers, or both, suggesting that members of the JcTPP family may participate in flower development in Jatropha. The wide expression of JcTPPJ gene in various organs implied its versatile roles and thus was chosen for unraveling its biological functions during developmental process. We constructed an overexpression vector of JcTPPJ cDNA driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter for genetic transformation. Compared with control Arabidopsis plants, 35S:JcTPPJ transgenic Arabidopsis plants presented greater sucrose contents in their inflorescences and displayed late-flowering and heterostylous phenotypes. Exogenous application of sucrose to the inflorescence buds of wild-type Arabidopsis repressed the development of the perianth and filaments, with a phenocopy of the 35S:JcTPPJ transgenic Arabidopsis. These results suggested that the significantly increased sucrose level in the inflorescence caused (or induced) by JcTTPJ overexpression, was responsible for the formation of heterostylous flower phenotype. However, 35S:JcTPPJ transgenic Jatropha displayed no obvious phenotypic changes, implying that JcTPPJ alone may not be sufficient for regulating flower development in Jatropha. Our results are helpful for understanding the function of TPPs, which may regulate flower organ development by manipulating the sucrose status in plants.
- Published
- 2019
176. Rhizobacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of Oil Crops (Physic Nut and Sacha Inchi): A Cultivable-Based Assessment for Abundance, Diversity, and Plant Growth-Promoting Potentials
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Neung Teaumroong, Rungroch Sungthong, Janjira Wiriya, Saisamorn Lumyong, and Chakrapong Rangjaroen
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,food.ingredient ,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ,Plant Science ,Rhizobacteria ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Actinobacteria ,03 medical and health sciences ,food ,Funneliformis ,Gammaproteobacteria ,physic nut ,Acaulospora ,oil crop ,rhizobacteria ,plant growth-promoting activity ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Glomus ,Rhizosphere ,Ecology ,biology ,Botany ,biology.organism_classification ,sacha inchi ,Horticulture ,030104 developmental biology ,QK1-989 ,Nitrogen fixation ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Nowadays, oil crops are very attractive both for human consumption and biodiesel production, however, little is known about their commensal rhizosphere microbes. In this study, rhizosphere samples were collected from physic nut and sacha inchi plants grown in several areas of Thailand. Rhizobacteria, cultivable in nitrogen-free media, and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were isolated and examined for abundance, diversity, and plant growth-promoting activities (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophore production, nitrogen fixation, and phosphate solubilization). Results showed that only the AM spore amount was affected by plant species and soil features. Considering rhizobacterial diversity, two classes&mdash, Alphaproteobacteria (Ensifer sp. and Agrobacterium sp.) and Gammaproteobacteria (Raoultella sp. and Pseudomonas spp.)&mdash, were identified in physic nut rhizosphere, and three classes, Actinobacteria (Microbacterium sp.), Betaproteobacteria (Burkholderia sp.) and Gammaproteobacteria (Pantoea sp.) were identified in the sacha inchi rhizosphere. Considering AM fungal diversity, four genera were identified (Acaulospora, Claroideoglomus, Glomus, and Funneliformis) in sacha inchi rhizospheres and two genera (Acaulospora and Glomus) in physic nut rhizospheres. The rhizobacteria with the highest IAA production and AM spores with the highest root-colonizing ability were identified, and the best ones (Ensifer sp. CM1-RB003 and Acaulospora sp. CM2-AMA3 for physic nut, and Pantoea sp. CR1-RB056 and Funneliformis sp. CR2-AMF1 for sacha inchi) were evaluated in pot experiments alone and in a consortium in comparison with a non-inoculated control. The microbial treatments increased the length and the diameter of stems and the chlorophyll content in both the crops. CM1-RB003 and CR1-RB056 also increased the number of leaves in sacha inchi. Interestingly, in physic nut, the consortium increased AM fungal root colonization and the numbers of offspring AM spores in comparison with those observed in sacha inchi. Our findings proved that AM fungal abundance and diversity likely rely on plant species and soil features. In addition, pot experiments showed that rhizosphere microorganisms were the key players in the development and growth of physic nut and sacha inchi.
- Published
- 2020
177. An efficient protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas by optimizing kanamycin concentration and duration of delayed selection
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Lu Zhang, Zeng-Fu Xu, Longjian Niu, Yan Bin Tao, Chaoqiong Li, Huiying He, Mingyong Tang, Xiulan Wang, Bang-Zhen Pan, and Qiantang Fu
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Acetosyringone ,Agrobacterium ,Physic nut ,Kanamycin concentration ,Plant Science ,Transformation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biofuel ,medicine ,biology ,business.industry ,food and beverages ,Kanamycin ,Agrobacterium tumefaciens ,biology.organism_classification ,Biotechnology ,Delayed selection ,Transformation (genetics) ,chemistry ,Original Article ,business ,Jatropha curcas ,Cotyledon ,Transformation efficiency ,Explant culture ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Jatropha curcas is considered a potential biodiesel feedstock crop. Currently, the value of J. curcas is limited because its seed yield is generally low. Transgenic modification is a promising approach to improve the seed yield of J. curcas. Although Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of J. curcas has been pursued for several years, the transformation efficiency remains unsatisfying. Therefore, a highly efficient and simple Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method for J. curcas should be developed. We examined and optimized several key factors that affect genetic transformation of J. curcas in this study. The results showed that the EHA105 strain was superior to the other three Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains for infecting J. curcas cotyledons, and the supplementation of 100 mM acetosyringone slightly increased the transient transformation frequency. Use of the appropriate inoculation method, optimal kanamycin concentration and appropriate duration of delayed selection also improved the efficiency of stable genetic transformation of J. curcas. The percentage of β-glucuronidase positive J. curcas shoots reached as high as 56.0 %, and 1.70 transformants per explant were obtained with this protocol. Furthermore, we optimized the root-inducing medium to achieve a rooting rate of 84.9 %. Stable integration of the T-DNA into the genomes of putative transgenic lines was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Using this improved protocol, a large number of transgenic J. curcas plantlets can be routinely obtained within approximately 4 months. The detailed information provided here for each step of J. curcas transformation should enable successful implementation of this transgenic technology in other laboratories. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11816-015-0377-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2015
178. Jatropha curcasortholog oftomato MADS-box gene 6(JcTM6) promoter exhibits floral-specific activity inArabidopsis thaliana
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Xin Ming, Zeng-Fu Xu, Jing-Xian Wang, and Yan-Bin Tao
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0106 biological sciences ,Physic nut ,Arabidopsis ,lcsh:Medicine ,Jatropha ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Sepal ,TM6 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Arabidopsis thaliana ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,MADS-box ,030304 developmental biology ,Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,Reporter gene ,biology ,General Neuroscience ,fungi ,lcsh:R ,food and beverages ,Promoter ,Forestry ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Flower ,Petal ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Biotechnology ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
BackgroundJatropha curcasL., a perennial oilseed plant, is considered as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. Genetic modification of flowering characteristics is critical forJatrophabreeding. However, analysis of floral-specific promoters inJatrophais limited.MethodsIn this study, we isolated theJatrophaortholog ofTM6(JcTM6) gene fromJatrophaflower cDNA library and detected the expression pattern ofJcTM6gene by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We isolated a 1.8-kb fragment from the 5’ region of theJcTM6gene and evaluated its spatiotemporal expression pattern inArabidopsisusing theβ-glucuronidase(GUS) reporter gene andArabidopsis ATP/ADP isopentenyltransferase 4(AtIPT4) gene, respectively.ResultsJcTM6was identified as a flower-specific gene inJatropha. As expected,JcTM6promoter was only active in transgenicArabidopsisflowers with the strongest activity in stamens. Moreover,JcTM6:AtIPT4transgenicArabidopsisshowed a phenotype of large flowers without any alterations in other organs. Furthermore, deletion of the region from –1,717 to –876 bp resulted in the disappearance of promoter activity in stamens but an increase in promoter activity in young leaves, sepals, and petals. Deletion analysis suggests that the –1,717- to –876-bp promoter fragment contains regulatory elements that confer promoter activity in stamens and inhibit activity in young leaves, sepals, and petals.
- Published
- 2020
179. Aislamiento, inoculación y efecto de consorcios micorrízicos en Jatropha curcas: Artículo original de Investigación
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Carmen A, González Chávez Ma. del, Rogelio, Carrillo González, Rogelio, Carrillo González, Silvia, Evangelista Lozano, Roberto, Brito Batalla, Ariadna, Sánchez López, and Stefani, y Perea Vélez Yazmín
- Published
- 2015
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180. Karyotype and genome size comparative analyses among six species of the oilseed-bearing genus Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae)
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Santelmo Vasconcelos, Anne C.T.A. Marinho, Emanuelle Varão Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon, Daniela de Araújo Viana Marques, and Ana Christina Brasileiro-Vidal
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,DNA C-value ,biology ,lcsh:QH426-470 ,Euphorbiaceae ,heterochromatin ,Chromosome ,Jatropha ,rDNA ,Karyotype ,Plant Genetics ,biology.organism_classification ,Genome ,03 medical and health sciences ,lcsh:Genetics ,030104 developmental biology ,Podagrica ,Botany ,Genetics ,physic nut ,Molecular Biology ,Genome size ,Cytotaxonomy - Abstract
Jatropha is an important genus of Euphorbiaceae, with species largely used for various purposes, including the manufacturing of soaps and pharmaceutical products and applications in the bioenergetic industry. Although there have been several studies focusing J. curcas in various aspects, the karyotype features of Jatropha species are poorly known. Therefore, we analyzed six Jatropha species through fluorochrome staining (CMA/DAPI), fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with 5S and 45S rDNA probes and genome size estimation by flow cytometry. Our results revealed several chromosome markers by both CMA/DAPI and FISH for the analyzed species. Five Jatropha species (J. curcas, J. gossypiifolia, J. integerrima, J. multifida and J. podagrica) showed four CMA-positive (CMA+) bands associated with the 5S and 45S rDNA sites (one and two pairs, respectively). However, J. mollissima displayed six CMA+/DAPI- bands co-localized with both 5S and 45S rDNA, which showed a FISH superposition. A gradual variation in the genome sizes was observed (2C = 0.64 to 0.86 pg), although an association between evidenced heterochromatin and genome sizes was not found among species. Except for the unique banding pattern of J. mollissima and the pericentromeric heterochromatin of J. curcas and J. podagrica, our data evidenced relatively conserved karyotypes.
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- 2018
181. Genetic evaluation and selection in Jatropha curcas L
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R. G. de Freitas, Iasmine Ramos Zaidan, Dandara Rego Muniz, M. D. V. de Resende, L. A. dos S. Dias, Poliane Marcele Ribeiro Cardoso, Thais Roseli Corrêa, Poliane Marcele Ribeiro Cardoso, UFV, Luiz Antônio dos Santos Dias, UFV, MARCOS DEON VILELA DE RESENDE, CNPF, Ricardo Galvão de Freitas, Monsanto, Thais Roseli Corrêa, UFV, Dandara Rêgo Muniz, UFV, and Iasmine Ramos Zaidan, UFV.
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Nut ,Physic nut ,Biocombustível ,01 natural sciences ,Husk ,Jatropha Curcas ,Animal science ,Bioenergy ,Oil content ,Grain yield and components ,Pinhão manso ,Biokerosene ,Variability ,General Environmental Science ,biology ,Crop yield ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Heritability ,Genetic parameters ,biology.organism_classification ,Parâmetro Genético ,Biofuels ,Improvement methods ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Bioquerosene ,Biodiesel ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Jatropha curcas ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Biotechnology - Abstract
J. curcas (physic nut) is one of the most promising oilseeds for biofuel production and the knowledge about genetic parameter estimates is important for its breeding. Here, we evaluated 121 families, from 48 to 60 months of age, aiming genetic evaluation and selection. The trial was set up in an 11 x 11 lattice design, with three replications and 4-plant plot. The traits evaluated were fruit yield (FY), grain (GY) and oil yield (OY), fruit husk percentage (FH) and seed oil content (OC). Individual heritabilities were low (0.19 to 0.23), requiring accurate selection and improvement methods. Moderate repeatabilities were observed for FY (0.54), GY (0.52), OC (0.30) and OY (0.51), indicating that the families evaluated maintained relative superiority over the years. With selection of the 20 best individuals, the predicted genotypic gains (66%) were greater than the additive gains (56%), indicating greater possibilities of success from cultivation of clones. Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-28T23:40:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018M.DeonCBABGeneticevaluationJatropha.pdf: 352573 bytes, checksum: a51777476149cc29ccd504404885fe60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-28
- Published
- 2018
182. Association and mycorrhizal dependency in Jatropha curcas L. seedlings under salt stress
- Author
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Oliveira, Dilliani Felipe Barros de, Endres, Lauricio, Barros, Juliany Mayra Teixeira de Moura, Santos, Andréa Francisca da Silva, and Gonzaga, Elmadã Pereira
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simbiose ,pinhão manso ,physic nut ,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ,salinidade ,symbiosis ,fungos micorrízicos arbusculares ,salinity - Abstract
The cultivation of Jatropha curcas L. for biodiesel production is possible in salinized areas; however, biomass production is limited in these soils. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a promising alternative for bioremediation in salinized soils. Yet, salinity also affects the AMF at the time of colonization and, in this case, the symbiosis is not always established. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that three AMF species commonly found in saline soils are associated with J. curcas and if seedlings previously inoculated with these AMF are more tolerant to salt stress. Two trials were performed: the first one was carried out in a completely randomized design with five treatments (control, Rhizophagus intraradices, Gigaspora albida, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, and the three species together) and six repetitions to investigate the formation of symbiosis among species; and the second trial was carried out in randomized blocks in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme (2, 5, 8, and 10 dS m-1, with and without mycorrhizae) with eight repetitions to verify the development and mycorrhizal dependency (MD) of the seedlings previously inoculated, in salinized environment. The three species of AMF are associated with J. curcas both alone and together. Mycorrhizal dependency increased with salinity, indicating that J. curcas is a facultative species. The pre-colonized seedlings with AMF are an alternative to the establishment of J. curcas in salinized soils. RESUMO O cultivo de Jatropha curcas visando a produção de biodiesel é uma possibilidade para o uso de áreas salinizadas, no entanto a produção de biomassa nesses solos é limitada. Os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) são uma alternativa promissora para a biorremediação em solos salinizados. Porém, a salinidade também afeta os FMAs, no momento da colonização e, neste caso, nem sempre a simbiose se estabelece. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo testar as hipóteses de que três espécies de FMAs comummente encontradas em solos salinos se associam à J. curcas e, se mudas previamente inoculadas com esses FMAs são mais tolerantes ao estresse salino. Foram realizados dois experimentos, o primeiro, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos (controle, Rhizophagus intraradices, Gigaspora albida, Claroideoglomus etunicatum e as três espécies em conjunto) com seis repetições, com o objetivo de investigar a formação da simbiose entre as espécies, e um segundo, realizado em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 (2, 5, 8 e 10 dS m-1, com e sem micorrizas), com oito repetições, para a verificação do desenvolvimento e dependência micorrízica (DM) das mudas previamente inoculadas, em ambiente salinizado. As três espécies de FMAs se associam a J. curcas, isoladamente e em conjunto. A DM aumentou com a salinidade, indicando que J. curcas é uma espécie facultativa. As mudas pré-colonizadas com FMA são uma alternativa para o estabelecimento de J. curcas em solos salinizados.
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- 2017
183. Ectopic expression of an AGAMOUS homologue gene in Jatropha curcas causes early flowering and heterostylous phenotypes.
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Hui, Wen-Kai, Liu, Ming-Qian, Wu, Guo-Jiang, Wang, Jing-Yan, Zhong, Yu, Li, He-Yue, Tang, Hai-Long, Zeng, Wei, Ma, Le-Xun, Zhang, Yu, Xiang, Lei, Chen, Xiao-Yang, and Gong, Wei
- Subjects
- *
JATROPHA , *GENITALIA , *SEED yield , *SEX differentiation (Embryology) , *PHENOTYPES , *CARPEL - Abstract
• The high expression of JcAG was shown in carpel samples. • The rosette leaves were serious curled and reduced in 35S:JcAG transgenic lines. • The 35S:JcAG caused the early flowering, delayed the perianth and stamen development. • The homeotic transformation of sepals into pistillate organs were observed. • The floral meristem genes were also regulated in 35S:JcAG transgenic lines. Jatropha curcas seeds are abundant in biodiesel, and low seed yields are linked to poor quality female flowers, which creates a bottleneck for Jatropha seed utilization. Therefore, identifying the genes associated with flowering is crucial for the genetic enrichment of seed yields. Here, we identified an AGAMOUS homologue gene (JcAG) from J. curcas. We found that reproductive organs had higher JcAG expression than vegetative organs, particularly the carpel. Rosette leaves were small and misshapen in 35S:JcAG transgenic lines in comparison with those in wild-type plants. JcAG overexpression caused an extremely early flowering, delayed perianth and stamen filament development, small flowers, and significantly shorter Arabidopsis plants with little fruit. In the JcAG -overexpressing line, the homeotic transformation of sepals into pistillate organs was observed, and floral meristem and organ identity genes were regulated. This study provides insights into the JcAG's function and benefits to our knowledge of the underlying the genetic mechanisms related to floral sex differentiation in Jatropha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
184. Estimates of genetic parameters with selection within and between half-sib families of Jatropha curcas L
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Marcos Deon Vilela de Resende, Rodrigo Barros Rocha, Luiz Antônio dos Santos Dias, and Victor Mousinho Spinelli
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Canopy ,Seed yield ,Physic nut ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Sowing ,Genetic parameters ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Crop ,Horticulture ,Gains from selection ,Agronomy ,Genetic gain ,Yield (wine) ,Cultivar ,Domestication ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Jatropha curcas - Abstract
Jatropha curcas L., the most promising oilseed plant for biodiesel and biokerosene, is in the process of domestication, and the economic, social and environmental viability of the crop depends on increasing its yield performance. Low seed yield is due, above all, to planting of non-improved cultivars. We evaluated 16 half-sib families in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th years after planting. The components evaluated were seed yield, number of trusses per plant, number of fruits per truss, fruit maturation rate, plant height and canopy diameter. We also estimated the genetic parameters of these components with a view toward quantifying genetic gain from plant selection. The main seed yield components exhibited predominant genetic control. Nevertheless, the environmental effect was the main determinant of uniformity in fruit maturation. Thus, management strategies have greater potential for having an impact on concentration of fruit production of this oilseed plant. Genetic gains related to seed yield in the cropping of genotypes selected in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th years were 33.3%, 41.6% and 56.7%, respectively. The development of new genotypes should furthermore consider strategies for generation of variability using crosses between divergent plants with better agronomic characteristics.
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- 2015
185. Rhizobacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of Oil Crops (Physic Nut and Sacha Inchi): A Cultivable-Based Assessment for Abundance, Diversity, and Plant Growth-Promoting Potentials.
- Author
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Wiriya, Janjira, Rangjaroen, Chakrapong, Teaumroong, Neung, Sungthong, Rungroch, and Lumyong, Saisamorn
- Subjects
PLANT growth promoting substances ,PLANT growth ,VESICULAR-arbuscular mycorrhizas ,OILSEED plants ,RHIZOBACTERIA ,NUTS ,NITROGEN fixation ,PLANT species - Abstract
Nowadays, oil crops are very attractive both for human consumption and biodiesel production; however, little is known about their commensal rhizosphere microbes. In this study, rhizosphere samples were collected from physic nut and sacha inchi plants grown in several areas of Thailand. Rhizobacteria, cultivable in nitrogen-free media, and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were isolated and examined for abundance, diversity, and plant growth-promoting activities (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophore production, nitrogen fixation, and phosphate solubilization). Results showed that only the AM spore amount was affected by plant species and soil features. Considering rhizobacterial diversity, two classes—Alphaproteobacteria (Ensifer sp. and Agrobacterium sp.) and Gammaproteobacteria (Raoultella sp. and Pseudomonas spp.)—were identified in physic nut rhizosphere, and three classes; Actinobacteria (Microbacterium sp.), Betaproteobacteria (Burkholderia sp.) and Gammaproteobacteria (Pantoea sp.) were identified in the sacha inchi rhizosphere. Considering AM fungal diversity, four genera were identified (Acaulospora, Claroideoglomus, Glomus, and Funneliformis) in sacha inchi rhizospheres and two genera (Acaulospora and Glomus) in physic nut rhizospheres. The rhizobacteria with the highest IAA production and AM spores with the highest root-colonizing ability were identified, and the best ones (Ensifer sp. CM1-RB003 and Acaulospora sp. CM2-AMA3 for physic nut, and Pantoea sp. CR1-RB056 and Funneliformis sp. CR2-AMF1 for sacha inchi) were evaluated in pot experiments alone and in a consortium in comparison with a non-inoculated control. The microbial treatments increased the length and the diameter of stems and the chlorophyll content in both the crops. CM1-RB003 and CR1-RB056 also increased the number of leaves in sacha inchi. Interestingly, in physic nut, the consortium increased AM fungal root colonization and the numbers of offspring AM spores in comparison with those observed in sacha inchi. Our findings proved that AM fungal abundance and diversity likely rely on plant species and soil features. In addition, pot experiments showed that rhizosphere microorganisms were the key players in the development and growth of physic nut and sacha inchi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
186. Physiological Responses to Drought Stress in Jatropha curcas Seedlings
- Abstract
Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the physiological mechanisms of Jatropha curcas seedlings exposed to drought and the possible influence of seedling age. Study Design: A pot experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design with two seedling ages (2- and 3-month-old seedlings), two treatments per age (Watered: fully irrigated, and Unwatered: Not irrigated), six replicates (24 pots). Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was performed in a greenhouse facility located at the Experimental Station “Mauro Deidda” (Department of Agriculture of University of Sassari) at Ottava (Sassari, Italy) between June and September 2011. Methodology: To investigate the responses of 2- and 3-month-old J. curcas seedlings exposed to drought stress on 4th, 8th, 12th, 19th, and 26th day from treatment’s beginning, leaf and soil water content, biometric, gas exchange, and chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements were performed; on 26th day from treatment’s beginning, biometric destructive measurements were carried out. Results: Results support the hypothesis that J. curcas is appropriate to be cultivated in areas with limited water availability or prolonged periods of drought and highlight that mechanisms of drought response are highly influenced by seedling age. J. curcas seedlings maintained a good leaf water status by means of an effective stomatal closure, associated with a reduced aboveground growth and an increased root:shoot ratio. Under drought stress, 2-month seedlings showed a higher allocation of resources to roots compared to 3-month seedlings. Drought resulted in more detrimental effects on the photosynthetic response of 3-month seedlings, inducing the reduction of stomata conductance and the loss of photosystem II integrity. 2-month seedlings were instead able to activate mechanisms of drought tolerance through the activation of excess energy dissipation mechanisms. Conclusion: In the early stage of crop establishment, the transplanting of J. c
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- 2017
187. Mapping of QTLs for Seed Phorbol Esters, a Toxic Chemical in Jatropha curcas (L.)
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Peerasak Srinives, Kitiya Amkul, Prakit Somta, Suk-Ha Lee, Kularb Laosatit, Sangrea Shim, and Patcharin Tanya
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:QH426-470 ,QTL ,Jatropha ,Locus (genetics) ,Quantitative trait locus ,01 natural sciences ,High-performance liquid chromatography ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Inclusive composite interval mapping ,Botany ,Genetics ,physic nut ,Phorbol esters ,Genetics (clinical) ,Biodiesel ,phorbol esters ,biology ,quantitative trait loci ,seed toxin ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,Horticulture ,lcsh:Genetics ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Jatropha curcas ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is an oil-bearing plant that has potential to be cultivated as a biodiesel crop. The seed cake after oil extraction has 40–50% protein that can be used in animal feeds. A major limitation in utilizing the cake is the presence of phorbol esters (PE), a heat-tolerant toxic chemical. To identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for PE, we constructed a genetic linkage map from an F2 population of 95 individuals from a cross “Chai Nat” × “M10” using 143 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. M10 is low in seed PE while Chai Nat is high. Seeds from each F2 individual were quantified for PE content by high performance liquid chromatography. A single marker analysis revealed five markers from linkage group 3 (LG3) and nine markers from LG8 associated with seed PE. Inclusive composite interval mapping identified two QTLs, each on LG3 (qPE3.1) and LG8 (qPE8.1) responsible for the PE. qPE3.1 and qPE8.1 accounted for 14.10%, and 15.49% of total variation in seed PE, respectively. Alelle(s) from M10 at qPE3.1 increased seed PE, while at qPE8.1 decreased seed PE. qPE3.1 is a new loci for PE, while qPE8.1 is the same locus with that reported recently for PE.
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- 2017
188. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes of Jatropha curcas L. seeds stored at different maturity stages
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Silva, Laércio Junio da, Dias, Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos, Sekita, Marcelo Coelho, and Finger, Fernando Luiz
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Malondialdehyde content ,Physic nut ,pinhão manso ,Seed maturation and deterioration ,conteúdo de malonaldeído ,food and beverages ,maturação e deterioração de sementes ,atividade enzimática ,lcsh:S1-972 ,seed maturation and deterioration ,enzyme activity ,physic nut ,Enzyme activity ,malondialdehyde content ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Produção e Beneficiamento de Sementes - Abstract
The objective of the present work was to investigate the antioxidant enzyme activities and the occurrence of lipid peroxidation during storage of J. curcas seeds obtained from fruits at different maturity stages. Seeds extracted from fruits collected at three stages of maturity were used, i.e., yellow, brownish-yellow, and brown (dry fruits). The seeds were subsequently stored for 18 months in Kraft paper bags in a laboratory environment. Initially as well as every three months, the seeds were evaluated for germination and electrical conductivity, and the seed embryos were evaluated for lipid peroxidation; protein content; and superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity at the same time points. In general, the seeds from the three stages of fruit maturity did not differ regarding germination throughout the entire period of storage, although a reduction in viability was observed after nine months of storage. The electrical conductivity increased during storage and was greater for the seeds obtained from brown fruits. There was a reduction in protein content and in enzyme activities in the seed embryo, except for superoxide dismutase. No relationship was observed between reduction in seed viability and lipid peroxidation. Thus, J. curcas seeds with high initial quality can be stored under environmental conditions for up to 9, 15 and 15 months for brown (dry), yellow and brownish-yellow fruits, respectively, without a significant reduction in germination but with a reduction in seed vigour. RESUMO. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a atividade de enzimas antioxidativas e a peroxidação de lipídios durante o armazenamento de sementes de J. curcas em diferentes estádios de maturação. Foram utilizadas sementes extraídas de frutos colhidos com coloração externa da casca amarela, amarela-marrom e marrom (frutos secos). As sementes foram armazenadas por 18 meses, em embalagem de papel Kraft em ambiente de laboratório. Inicialmente e a cada três meses, as sementes foram avaliadas quanto à germinação e condutividade elétrica, e os embriões das sementes foram avaliados quanto a peroxidação de lipídios, conteúdo de proteínas e atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase, peroxidases e peroxidase do ascorbato. Em geral, as sementes dos três estádios de maturação dos frutos não diferiram quanto à germinação durante todo o período de armazenamento, embora tenha sido observada uma redução da germinação a partir de nove meses de armazenamento. Houve redução no conteúdo de proteína e na atividade das enzimas antioxidantes no embrião das sementes dos três estádios de maturação, com exceção da superóxido dismutase. Não foi observada relação entre a redução da viabilidade das sementes e a peroxidação de lipídios. Sementes de J. curcas com elevada qualidade inicial podem ser armazenadas sob condições ambientais por até 9, 15 e 15 meses, para os estádios de coloração dos frutos marrom (frutos secos), amarelo-marrom e amarelo, respectivamente, sem redução significativa da germinação, mas com redução no vigor das sementes.
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- 2017
189. Physiological Responses to Drought Stress in Jatropha curcas Seedlings
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Marcello Lubino, N. Contran, L Ledda, Raffaella Cerana, M Mulas, Contran, N, Ledda, L, Mulas, M, Cerana, R, and Lubino, M
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Drought stress ,Horticulture ,water relation ,water stress ,Physic nut ,BIO/04 - FISIOLOGIA VEGETALE ,Chlorophyll a fluorescence ,gas exchange ,Biology ,water relations ,biology.organism_classification ,Jatropha curcas ,Physiological responses - Abstract
Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the physiological mechanisms of Jatropha curcas seedlings exposed to drought and the possible influence of seedling age. Study Design: A pot experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design with two seedling ages (2- and 3-month-old seedlings), two treatments per age (Watered: fully irrigated, and Unwatered: Not irrigated), six replicates (24 pots). Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was performed in a greenhouse facility located at the Experimental Station “Mauro Deidda” (Department of Agriculture of University of Sassari) at Ottava (Sassari, Italy) between June and September 2011. Methodology: To investigate the responses of 2- and 3-month-old J. curcas seedlings exposed to drought stress on 4th, 8th, 12th, 19th, and 26th day from treatment’s beginning, leaf and soil water content, biometric, gas exchange, and chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements were performed; on 26th day from treatment’s beginning, biometric destructive measurements were carried out. Results: Results support the hypothesis that J. curcas is appropriate to be cultivated in areas with limited water availability or prolonged periods of drought and highlight that mechanisms of drought response are highly influenced by seedling age. J. curcas seedlings maintained a good leaf water status by means of an effective stomatal closure, associated with a reduced aboveground growth and an increased root:shoot ratio. Under drought stress, 2-month seedlings showed a higher allocation of resources to roots compared to 3-month seedlings. Drought resulted in more detrimental effects on the photosynthetic response of 3-month seedlings, inducing the reduction of stomata conductance and the loss of photosystem II integrity. 2-month seedlings were instead able to activate mechanisms of drought tolerance through the activation of excess energy dissipation mechanisms. Conclusion: In the early stage of crop establishment, the transplanting of J. curcas 2-month seedlings proved to be more effective in order to avoid water stress related consequences.
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- 2017
190. Biology of Telenomus pachycoris (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a parasitoid of eggs of Pachycoris torridus (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae): the effects of egg age, exposure time, and temperature
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BORGES FILHO, R. da C., NAVA, D. E., PRATISSOLI, D., POLANCZYK, R. A., MARANGON, R. B., LOIÁCONO, M., Raul da Cunha Borges Filho, DORI EDSON NAVA, CPACT, Dirceu Pratissoli, Ricardo A. Polanczyk, Ricardo B. Marangon, and Marta Loiácono.
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Temperature requirement ,parasitism ,Physic nut ,biological control ,Rearing technique - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-07T10:28:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DoriPaperFloridaEntomologist.pdf: 219472 bytes, checksum: 9814666d8e2039e5f1c7bd30493944ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-06
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- 2017
191. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis between Gynoecious and Monoecious Plants Identifies Regulatory Networks Controlling Sex Determination in Jatropha curcas
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Longjian Niu, Mei-Li Zhao, Bang-Zhen Pan, Zeng-Fu Xu, Jorge Martínez-Herrera, Mao-Sheng Chen, Yan-Bin Tao, Jun Ni, Qiantang Fu, and Yuling Dong
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0301 basic medicine ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Gynoecium ,fungi ,Stamen ,sex expression ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Biology ,phytohormone ,floral development ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Inflorescence ,chemistry ,Auxin ,female plant ,Botany ,physic nut ,Primordium ,Plant reproductive morphology ,Jasmonate ,inflorescence ,Perianth ,Original Research - Abstract
Most germplasms of the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas are monoecious. A gynoecious genotype of J. curcas was found, whose male flowers are aborted at early stage of inflorescence development. To investigate the regulatory mechanism of transition from monoecious to gynoecious plants, a comparative transcriptome analysis between gynoecious and monoecious inflorescences were performed. A total of 3,749 genes differentially expressed in two developmental stages of inflorescences were identified. Among them, 32 genes were involved in floral development, and 70 in phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways. Six genes homologous to KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX GENE 6 (KNAT6), MYC2, SHI-RELATED SEQUENCE 5 (SRS5), SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP), TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1), and TASSELSEED2 (TS2), which control floral development, were considered as candidate regulators that may be involved in sex differentiation in J. curcas. Abscisic acid, auxin, gibberellin, and jasmonate biosynthesis were lower, whereas cytokinin biosynthesis was higher in gynoecious than that in monoecious inflorescences. Moreover, the exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA3) promoted perianth development in male flowers and partly prevented pistil development in female flowers to generate neutral flowers in gynoecious inflorescences. The arrest of stamen primordium at early development stage probably causes the abortion of male flowers to generate gynoecious individuals. These results suggest that some floral development genes and phytohormone signaling pathways orchestrate the process of sex determination in J. curcas. Our study provides a basic framework for the regulation networks of sex determination in J. curcas and will be helpful for elucidating the evolution of the plant reproductive system.
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- 2017
192. DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSATELLITE PRIMERS FOR JATROPHA CURCAS (EUPHORBIACEAE) AND TRANSFERABILITY TO CONGENERS.
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De A. Bressan, Eduardo, Scotton, Danielle C., Ferreira, Renato R., Jorge, Erika C., Sebbenn, Alexandre M., Gerald, Lee T. S., and Figueira, Antonio
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MICROSATELLITE repeats , *CHROMOSOMES , *JATROPHA , *EUPHORBIACEAE , *PHORBOLS - Abstract
* Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae), a tree species with large potential for biofuel production, to investigate its natural genetic diversity and mating system to facilitate the establishment of tree improvement and conservation programs. * Methods and Results: Using a protocol for genomic library enrichment, 104 clones containing 195 repeat motifs were identified. Primer pairs were developed for 40 microsatellite loci and validated in 41 accessions of J. curcas from six provenances. Nine loci were polymorphic revealing from two to eight alleles per locus, and six primers were able to amplify alleles in the congeners J. podagrica, J. pohliana, and J. gossypifolia, but not in other Euphorbiaceae species, such as Hevea brasiliensis, Manihot esculenta, or Ricinus communis. * Conclusions: The primers developed here revealed polymorphic loci that are suitable for genetic diversity and structure, mating system, and gene fl ow studies in J . curcas , and some congeners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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193. Somatic Embryogenesis Media Optimization Study of Physic Nut (Jatropha curcas) as Biodiesel Feedstock
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Darda Efendi, Bambang S. Purwoko, Iswari S. Dewi, and Anggi Nindita
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food.ingredient ,animal structures ,picloram ,Somatic embryogenesis ,biology ,Jatropha ,food and beverages ,Embryo ,Organogenesis ,in vitro ,cotyledon ,biology.organism_classification ,embryo axis ,food ,Murashige and Skoog medium ,Energy(all) ,Botany ,embryonic structures ,physic nut ,Jatropha curcas ,Cotyledon ,Explant culture - Abstract
Jatropha curcas as potential biodiesel feedstock is difficult to propagate through tissue culture. The research development for Jatropha is massive nowadays and propagation can be conducted through conventional or non- conventional techniques in biotechnology. Biotechnology approach through organogenesis and embryogenesis pathways is needed. The objectives of the research were to obtain in vitro culture media optimization through embryogenesis pathway. Plant materials used in this experiment were embryo axis and cotyledon to obtain somatic embryo. The result of the experiment showed that somatic embryos were obtained only from MS medium supplemented with picloram 1.0 mg/l for both embryo axis and cotyledon explant.
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- 2014
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194. Micorrization increases tolerance of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings to salinity
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Oliveira, Dilliani Felipe Barros de, Endres, Laurício, Silva, José Vieira, Ferreira , Vilma Marques, and Santos, Claudiana Moura dos
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Salinity ,Fung ,Physic nut ,Jatropha curcas ,Pinhão manso ,CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA [CNPQ] ,Micorrízicos arbusculares ,Fungos ,Arbuscular mycorrhizal ,Salinidade - Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association of three species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Rhizophagus intraradices; Gigaspora albida and Claroideoglomus etunicatum) with J. curcas, and the effect this symbiosis in developing pre-mycorrhizal seedlings submitted to salt stress at home vegetation. Two experiments were conducted, the first to investigate the association of the fungus to the plant, in a completely randomized design with five treatments (control, isolated species and three inoculated together-MIX) and six repetitions. The second trial was completely randomized blocks in a factorial 4 x 2, with four levels of NaCl (2, 5, 8 and 10 dS / m), and presence or absence of mycorrhizae (MIX), which were evaluated mycorrhizal dependency (MD) and the development of seedlings in salinity soil. The three species of mycorrhizal fungi are associated with J. curcas both in isolation, as when inoculated together. The interaction between these factors showed that the control plants did not differ presence of mycorrhizae, whereas in the saline treatments, pre-mycorrhizal seedlings grew better than non-inoculated. The MD was higher in saline treatments and moderate stress (5 dS / m) provided the best results for this index. Salinity reduced the size of plants, photosynthetic performance, the photosynthetic pigment content, the amount of calcium, potassium, phosphorus and magnesium in the leaves and increased absorption of sodium and chlorine, lipid peroxidation, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the concentration of proline. Pre-mycorrhizal plants had higher mass, height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, area ratio pillar, specific leaf area, reduced biomass allocation in leaves and larger, at root, increased root / shoot , higher photosynthetic rate and pigment content, lower activity of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation reduction, and increased proline content compared to plants not inoculated in the same saline conditions. In seedlings with AMF, high photosynthetic rate, coupled with the large amount of salts in the leaves, the significant increase in proline content and the absence of lipid peroxidation indicates a mechanism mitigating the effect of salinity associated with the presence of mycorrhizae. Therefore, J. curcas seedlings previously mycorrhizal are an alternative to the cultivation of the species under salt stress. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação de três espécies de fungos micorrízicos arbusculates (FMAs) (Rhizophagus intraradices; Gigaspora albida e Claroideoglomus etunicatum) com Jatropha curcas L., e o efeito desta simbiose no desenvolvimento de mudas pré-micorrizadas, submetidas a estresse salino, em casa de vegetação. Foram realizados dois experimentos, sendo o primeiro para verificar a associação dos fungos à planta, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (controle, espécies isoladas e as três inoculadas em conjunto-MIX) e seis repetições. O segundo experimento foi em blocos inteiramente casualizados, num esquema fatorial 4 x 2, com quatro níveis de NaCl (2, 5, 8 e 10 dS / m), e presença ou não de micorrizas (MIX), onde foram avaliados a dependência micorrízica (DM) e o desenvolvimento das mudas em solo salinizado. As três espécies de FMAs se associam a J. curcas tanto de forma isolada, como quando inoculadas em conjunto. A interação entre os fatores mostrou que plantas do tratamento controle não diferem quanto presença de micorrizas, enquanto que, nos tratamentos salinos, as mudas pré-micorrizadas se desenvolveram melhor que as não micorrizadas. A DM foi maior nos tratamentos salinos e o estresse moderado (5 dS / m) proporcionou o melhor resultado para este índice. A salinidade reduziu o tamanho das plantas, o desempenho fotossintético, o teor de pigmentos fotossintéticos, a quantidade de cálcio, potássio, fósforo e magnésio nas folhas, e aumentou a absorção de sódio e cloro, a peroxidação de lipídios, a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes e a concentração de prolina. As plantas pré-micorrizadas apresentaram maior massa, altura, diâmetro do coleto, número de folhas, área foliar, razão de área filar, área foliar específica, menor alocação de biomassa nas folhas e maior, na raiz, aumento da relação raiz/parte aérea, maior taxa fotossintética e teor de pigmentos, menor atividade de enzimas antioxidantes, redução da peroxidação lipídica e aumento no teor de prolina em relação às plantas não micorrizadas, nas mesmas condições salinas. Nas mudas com FMAs, a alta taxa fotossintética, associada a grande quantidade de sais nas folhas, ao aumento expressivo do teor de prolina e a ausência da peroxidação de lipídios indica que há um mecanismo mitigador do efeito da salinidade associado à presença de micorrizas. Portanto, mudas de J. curcas previamente micorrizadas são uma alternativa para o cultivo da espécie sob estresse salino.
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- 2016
195. Tetranychus bastosi Tuttle, Baker & Sales (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) mites on Jatropha curcas (Linaeus) in Sergipe State, Brazil.
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JATROPHA , *PLANT diseases , *TETRANYCHUS , *BIOLOGICAL classification - Abstract
The article examines the germoplasm of physic nut, Jatropha curcas L. plants having diseases like leaf blade reduction and curling from Sergie region in Brazil, to identify the group of mites harming them. It is given that thousands of mites were collected from those plants and their taxonomic examination were carried. The mites found were identified as Tetranychus bastosi.
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- 2010
196. Ectopic Expression of Jatropha curcas TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASE J Causes Late-Flowering and Heterostylous Phenotypes in Arabidopsis but not in Jatropha
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Mao-Sheng Chen, Mei-Li Zhao, Zeng-Fu Xu, and Jun Ni
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Transgene ,trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase ,Jatropha ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Inorganic Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Arabidopsis ,physic nut ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,heterostylous ,fungi ,Organic Chemistry ,food and beverages ,late flowering ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Trehalose ,Computer Science Applications ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,chemistry ,Inflorescence ,Ectopic expression ,Cauliflower mosaic virus ,Perianth ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) phosphatase (TPP), a dephosphorylating enzyme, catalyzes the dephosphorylation of T6P, generating trehalose. In Jatropha, we found six members of the TPP family. Five of them JcTPPA, JcTPPC, JcTPPD, JcTPPG, and JcTPPJ are highly expressed in female flowers or male flowers, or both, suggesting that members of the JcTPP family may participate in flower development in Jatropha. The wide expression of JcTPPJ gene in various organs implied its versatile roles and thus was chosen for unraveling its biological functions during developmental process. We constructed an overexpression vector of JcTPPJ cDNA driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter for genetic transformation. Compared with control Arabidopsis plants, 35S:JcTPPJ transgenic Arabidopsis plants presented greater sucrose contents in their inflorescences and displayed late-flowering and heterostylous phenotypes. Exogenous application of sucrose to the inflorescence buds of wild-type Arabidopsis repressed the development of the perianth and filaments, with a phenocopy of the 35S:JcTPPJ transgenic Arabidopsis. These results suggested that the significantly increased sucrose level in the inflorescence caused (or induced) by JcTTPJ overexpression, was responsible for the formation of heterostylous flower phenotype. However, 35S:JcTPPJ transgenic Jatropha displayed no obvious phenotypic changes, implying that JcTPPJ alone may not be sufficient for regulating flower development in Jatropha. Our results are helpful for understanding the function of TPPs, which may regulate flower organ development by manipulating the sucrose status in plants.
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- 2019
197. RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis of Jatropha curcas L. accessions after salt stimulus and unigene-derived microsatellite mining.
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de Souza, Marislane Carvalho Paz, da Silva, Manassés Daniel, Binneck, Eliseu, de Lima Cabral, George André, Benko Iseppon, Ana Maria, Pompelli, Marcelo Francisco, Endres, Laurício, and Kido, Éderson Akio
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- *
JATROPHA , *MICROSATELLITE repeats , *CASSAVA , *ARID regions , *GENETIC markers , *ABIOTIC stress , *TRANSCRIPTION factors - Abstract
• RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis of Brazilian J. curcas accessions after salt stimulus. • The salt-sensitive accession showed highly dynamic transcriptomic changes. • Salt-tolerance strategies highlighted phytohormone signaling and osmoprotection. • Differentially expressed genes: potential as functional molecular markers. The small oleaginous tree of Jatropha curcas L. (physic nut) is an excellent biodiesel source whose crop could represent a good income source for farmers in tropical and semi-arid zones. However, in some areas in particular, salinity, such as many other abiotic stresses, can compromise productivity. We analyzed the root RNA-Seq transcriptome of two Brazilian J. curcas accessions after a three-hour NaCl exposition (150 mM) aiming at identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) useful for breeding programs. The de novo transcriptome covered 145,422 assembled transcripts (126,343 unigenes), out of which 84,589 showed at least one significant alignment to the GenBank reference genome. Differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) of the salt-sensitive Jc171 accession (4,646) suppressed those of the salt-tolerant Jc183 (57) one. A MapMan analysis of the DEGs using Manihot esculenta Crantz genes as reference (Euphorbiaceae family) highlighted the metabolism of phytohormone, carbohydrate (CHO), lipid, amino acid, redox, and secondary metabolite in the salt-responses. RT-qPCR results of nine selected Jc183 DEGs [phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase (SAMe), S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAM), carboxylesterase (CXE), homeobox-leucine zipper gene (HD-Zip), NAC transcription factor gene (NAC), methionine-gamma lyase (MGL), peroxidase (PX), and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XTH)] evaluated in 36 combinations accession/treatments validated 86.11 % of the in silico results. The data generated improved the J. curcas transcriptome based on Illumina-21 bp tags as reported before, which can benefit breeders in the improvement of salt-tolerance in J. curcas. Additionally, primer pairs successfully designed for 1,423 DEGs presenting microsatellite motifs can contribute to the development of co-dominant molecular markers, a very useful marker applied to genetic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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198. Physical properties of soil cultivated with Jatropha curcas and associated green vegetation covers
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Willian José Ferreira, Getulio Teixeira Batista, Marcelo dos Santos Targa, Cristina Maria de Castro, and Antonio Carlos Pires Devide
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lcsh:GE1-350 ,Physic nut ,green manure ,biodiesel ,soil conservation ,sustainability ,lcsh:Environmental sciences - Abstract
The cultivation of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) is a sustainable option for biodiesel production due to its adaptation to different agro-ecological conditions and its high content of non-edible oil grains. The possibility of its cultivation in degraded low fertility soils makes the physic nut attractive to the Paraíba do Sul Valley region. This study evaluated physical attributes and water processes of an Oxisol which had been previously used for livestock and later converted to experimental farming. The soil was intercropped with perennial herbaceous legumes (Arachis pintoi and Calopogonio muconoides) in place of the original cover of Brachiaria brizantha, largely cultivated in the region. We determined the soil texture, the levels of saturation and water retention, soil resistance to root penetration and the basic infiltration rate of water into the soil (VIB). The soil resistance to root penetration in B. brizantha ranged from high to moderate at 30 cm depth, while the addition of perennial herbaceous legumes as cover crops intercropped with Jatropha reduced this resistance and increased the average soil VIB from 4 mm h-1 (B. brizantha) to 33 mm h-1. We conclude that the association of herbaceous legumes with Jatropha contributed to the improvement of the soil’s physical properties.
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- 2013
199. Selection of Reliable Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies in the Biofuel Plant Jatropha curcas Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR
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Lu Zhang, Zeng-Fu Xu, Qiantang Fu, and Liangliang He
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Normalization (statistics) ,abiotic stress ,reference gene ,Jatropha ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Genes, Plant ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Article ,Catalysis ,Inorganic Chemistry ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Reference genes ,Gene expression ,physic nut ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Spectroscopy ,Plant Proteins ,RT-qPCR ,developmental stage ,biofuels ,business.industry ,Abiotic stress ,Organic Chemistry ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Droughts ,Computer Science Applications ,Biotechnology ,Cold Temperature ,Plant Leaves ,Real-time polymerase chain reaction ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,business ,Jatropha curcas - Abstract
Jatropha curcas is a promising renewable feedstock for biodiesel and bio-jet fuel production. To study gene expression in Jatropha in different tissues throughout development and under stress conditions, we examined a total of 11 typical candidate reference genes using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis, which is widely used for validating transcript levels in gene expression studies. The expression stability of these candidate reference genes was assessed across a total of 20 samples, including various tissues at vegetative and reproductive stages and under desiccation and cold stress treatments. The results obtained using software qBasePLUS showed that the top-ranked reference genes differed across the sample subsets. The combination of actin, GAPDH, and EF1α would be appropriate as a reference panel for normalizing gene expression data across samples at different developmental stages; the combination of actin, GAPDH, and TUB5 should be used as a reference panel for normalizing gene expression data across samples under various abiotic stress treatments. With regard to different developmental stages, we recommend the use of actin and TUB8 for normalization at the vegetative stage and GAPDH and EF1α for normalization at the reproductive stage. For abiotic stress treatments, we recommend the use of TUB5 and TUB8 for normalization under desiccation stress and GAPDH and actin for normalization under cold stress. These results are valuable for future research on gene expression during development or under abiotic stress in Jatropha. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the stability of reference genes in Jatropha.
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- 2013
200. Avaliação do crescimento inicial de Jatropha curcas L. sob diferentes doses de fósforo aplicados na base
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Arruda, Rejanne Lima, de Queiroz, Poliana Alves, da Costa, Neumárcio Vilanova, Saraiva, Althiéris de Souza, Lemus Erasmo, Eduardo Andrea, Queiroz, Poliana Alves de, Costa, Neumárcio Vilanova da, and Erasmo, Eduardo Andrea Lemus
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biology ,Pinhão-manso ,Physic nut ,Crop yield ,Phosphorus ,adubação ,food and beverages ,Jatropha ,chemistry.chemical_element ,biodiesel ,biology.organism_classification ,Human fertilization ,Inflorescence ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,fertilization ,agricultura familiar ,family agriculture ,Transplanting ,Cultivar ,Jatropha curcas - Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the influence of different doses of phosphorus (P2O5) applied at the base on the initial growth of Jatropha curcas L. The experimental randomized blocks design was used with four replications. The treatments consisted of the following doses of phosphorus fertilization: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g plant-1 of P2O5 at 36, 60, 71, 85, 106, 140, 177, 199, 235 and 263 days after seedlings transplanting. Growth parameters evaluated were as follows: plant height, stem diameter, number of primary and secondary branches, number of inflorescences, fruits number, leaf area and seed yield. The P2O5 levels influenced the early growth of the plants. For most of the evaluated characteristics (plant height, number of primary branches, inflorescences, number of fruits), a dose of 150 g plant-1 was the one that promoted greater increase to 140 DAT. Due to the high genetic variability among plants, and the fact that scientists in the field of genetic improvement are working for the development of cultivars with desirable agronomic characteristics, it is necessary to conduct further studies with phosphate fertilizer for the cultivation of Jatropha., Objetivou-se com este trabalho analisar a influência de diferentes doses de fósforo (P2O5) aplicados na base, no crescimento inicial de Jatropha curcas L. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelas seguintes doses de adubação fosfatada: 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200g planta-1de P2O5 aos 36, 60, 71, 85, 106, 140, 177, 199, 235, 263 dias após o transplantio das mudas. Os parâmetros de crescimento avaliados foram: altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, número de ramos primários e secundários, número de inflorescências, número de frutos, área foliar e produtividade de sementes. As doses de P2O5 influenciaram o crescimento inicial das plantas. Para a maioria das características avaliadas (altura de plantas, número de ramos primários, inflorescências, número de frutos), a dose de 150 g planta-1 foi a que promoveu maior incremento aos 140 DAT. Devido a grande variabilidade genética existente entre plantas, e ao fato de que cientistas da área de melhoramento genético estão trabalhando para o desenvolvimento de cultivares com características agronômicas desejáveis, torna-se necessário a realização de novos estudos com adubação fosfatada para a cultura do pinhão manso.
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- 2013
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