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Although many studies indicate that individuals who have experienced a traumatic event can experience posttraumatic growth (PTG), some researchers have questioned the significance of PTG in associations with functioning. The role of PTG in functioning following trauma may be better elucidated by accounting for its joint effects with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Data were analyzed from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, which surveyed a nationally representative sample of 3847 trauma-exposed U.S. veterans. Participants completed assessments of potentially traumatic events, PTSD symptoms, and PTG, as well as a broad range of sociodemographic, military, trauma, health, personality, and psychosocial characteristics. PTG was independently and moderately associated with higher mental, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning, but not physical functioning. Results showed a similar pattern of findings when examining relations between subdomains of PTG and these aspects of functioning. Additionally, among veterans who screened positive for PTSD, those who endorsed PTG reported higher levels of mental, cognitive, and/or psychosocial functioning than those who did not endorse PTG. Findings may be limited by the use of a cross-sectional design, retrospective self-reports of PTG, and a predominantly older white male veteran sample. Results provide support for the functional significance of PTG and highlight the importance of considering PTSD symptoms to better understand the role of PTG in functioning. Clinical interventions to foster PTG may help promote post-trauma functioning. • Posttraumatic growth (PTG) was associated with better mental, cognitive, and psychosocial, but not physical, functioning • Certain subdomains of PTG may be more strongly associated with particular indices of functioning • PTG moderated the effects of PTSD symptoms on mental, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workplace learning and development is crucial for sustained employability, especially for people with limited work capacity (LWC). We explored the development in cognitive functioning and work behaviour of people with LWC and to which extent this is moderated by workplace acceptance and support. As suggested in literature, acceptance and support concern pre‐conditions for development. Therefore, we expected them to influence the development of our target group. In total, 182 people with LWC and 172 workplace mentors provided data on dimensions of cognitive functioning and work behaviour on three time‐points over 4 months. Furthermore, people with LWC provided data on workplace acceptance and support. Results showed significant development over time for both, self‐ and observer‐rated cognitive functioning, such as planning and organising, learning and memory, problem solving, and for self‐rated adaptability and concentration. Development over time emerged for the self‐rated work pace, a work behaviour dimension. Moreover, the growth curves on self‐rated variables such as learning and memory, work accuracy, social behaviour and work pace were moderated by workplace acceptance and support. This study provides initial insight into growth patterns of cognitive functioning and work behaviour of people with LWC and illustrates the relevance of a supportive climate for development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS, previously referred to as sluggish cognitive tempo) is a unique set of symptoms distinct from ADHD inattentive symptoms that appear to be independently associated with neuropsychological and psychosocial outcomes in community and ADHD-specific samples of youth. However, our understanding of CDS in individuals with chronic or complex medical conditions is limited. The current systematic review is the first to summarize the literature on CDS prevalence rates and associations with neurocognitive and functional outcomes in youth with medical conditions, and to discuss areas of future research to guide clinical intervention. We conducted literature searches across four major databases and included studies assessing prevalence estimates, associations with neuropsychological and/or psychosocial functioning, or predictors of CDS in individuals with chronic or complex medical conditions. Twenty-five studies were identified and retained. Fifteen of sixteen studies reported elevations in CDS symptoms, though findings were mixed in studies comparing mean differences to typically developing youth. Seven studies provided inconsistent evidence for CDS being associated with neuropsychological or academic functioning, with six studies demonstrating consistent effects on psychosocial functioning. Finally, nine studies identified biological and sociodemographic factors associated with CDS, though almost all await replication. CDS symptoms are significantly elevated in youth with medical conditions and appear to be particularly linked with psychosocial functioning. Future research is needed to identify prevalence of CDS across a range of medical conditions, examine associations with neuropsychological and psychosocial functioning, and examine whether CDS impacts self-management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To synthesize the psychological, social, and quality of life outcomes of people with a cardiac implantable electronic device. Methods and results An umbrella review of systematic reviews that reported the psychological, social, or quality of life outcomes of adults with a cardiac implantable electronic device was conducted. This umbrella review was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023437078) and adhered to JBI and PRISMA guidelines. Seven databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, EmCare, PsycINFO, PubMed, and the Web of Science) were searched alongside citation and bibliographic searches. Methodological quality was assessed using the JBI Checklist of Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses. Due to the heterogeneity of the included reviews, the findings were reported narratively. A total of 14 systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria; 11 considered quality of life outcomes, and 3 considered psychological outcomes. Little difference in quality of life was found between people with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and controls; however, a high prevalence of psychological disorders was present. Cardiac resynchronization therapy devices demonstrated improvements in quality of life compared with control groups, alongside possible cognitive benefits. Quality of life did not differ between subcutaneous and transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Pacemakers were associated with improved post-implantation quality of life. Conclusion Research on the psychosocial and quality of life outcomes of people with a cardiac implantable electronic device is limited and inconsistent. Given the heterogeneity of the current research, conclusions are uncertain. Nevertheless, some recipients may experience adverse psychosocial complications. Further research employing rigorous methodologies is needed, and healthcare practitioners should provide care that acknowledges the potential for adverse psychosocial experiences. Registration PROSPERO: CRD42023437078 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: The Skindex‐29 and Skindex‐Teen assess dermatology‐related quality of life among adults and adolescents, respectively. This study directly compared the same adolescents' responses to the Skindex‐29 relative to Skindex‐Teen in a predominantly American Indian and/or Alaska Native population. This population is underrepresented in medical research. Although skin‐related quality‐of‐life issues are widespread, American Indian and/or Alaska Native adolescents are not well‐represented in related studies. Methods: Data were collected in‐person by self‐report survey at two regional powwows in Denver, Colorado in 2021 and 2022. Respondents completed the full Skindex‐29 and Skindex‐Teen (40 unique items total). Results: Eighty‐six adolescents, 12–17 years old, completed the survey. The majority (70.9%, 61/86) of respondents self‐identified as American Indian and/or Alaska Native. Analyses were conducted with all respondent survey data. Nearly two‐thirds (64.0%, 55/86) of our respondents had a Skindex‐29 score that revealed their quality of life was impaired at least mildly by skin disease. The Skindex‐29 and Skindex‐Teen demonstrated good reliability; there was substantial concordance between responses to the two measures (r values ranged from 0.88 to 0.97 for similar subscales). Compared to younger adolescents (aged 12–14), older adolescents (aged 15–17) reported worse dermatology‐related quality of life and emotional toll based on higher Skindex‐29 total, Skindex‐Teen total, Skindex‐29 Emotional subscale, and Skindex‐Teen Psychosocial Functioning subscale scores. Conclusions: American Indian and/or Alaska Native adolescents suffer from skin‐related quality‐of‐life issues. The Skindex‐Teen and Skindex‐29 generated similar information regarding quality of life in young patients with skin disease. While the Skindex‐Teen may be slightly more relevant to adolescents, these surveys were highly concordant. Both the Skindex‐Teen and Skindex‐29 exhibited frequent "never" responses to questions about impact of skin conditions on relationships with others and tendencies to stay home. Thus, careful attention should be paid to such questions to ensure their relevance to adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machiavellianism is an antisocial interpersonal style involving the use of manipulative, deceptive, and coercive behaviors in the pursuit of self-interest. Although widely studied as a "dark" personality trait in adults, relatively little is known about the developmental correlates of Machiavellian tendencies earlier in life. The present study addressed this knowledge gap by examining associations between Machiavellian behavior and three theoretically relevant social–emotional domains—prosocial emotions, emotion recognition skills, and self-control—in a community sample of 7- and 11-year-old Canadian children (N = 300, 50% female). Of particular interest was the extent to which individual differences in social–emotional capacities were uniquely associated with Machiavellian behavior after controlling for aggression, a relatively well-studied antisocial behavior in childhood. Parents reported on children's Machiavellian behavior and aggression. Social–emotional correlates were assessed via parent and child reports, behavioral tasks, and physiological assessments. Machiavellian behavior and aggression were similarly associated with lower parent-reported prosocial emotions and self-control. Machiavellian (but not aggressive) behavior was associated with lower child-reported guilt (a prosocial emotion), higher resting skin conductance levels (reflecting a general tendency for higher arousal), and better anger recognition. Semipartial correlational analyses indicated that these patterns of association with Machiavellian behaviors held independent of aggression. These findings indicate that, by middle childhood, Machiavellian behavior constitutes a distinct form of antisocial conduct that is associated with a unique social–emotional risk profile. Public Significance Statement: By middle childhood, Machiavellian behaviors such as manipulation, deception, and coercion are distinct from aggression in terms of their occurrence and associations with other domains of social–emotional functioning (e.g., prosocial emotions, emotion recognition ability, self-control). This suggests that traditional prevention and intervention programs targeting aggressive and violent tendencies may be less effective at curbing more subtle and self-serving forms of antisocial conduct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine changes in self-determination associated with youth participation in residential immersive life skills (RILS) programs. In this prospective mixed methods study, the Arc's Self-Determination Scale was administered pre- and post-program, and at 3- and 12-month follow-ups, to 27 RILS youth and a comparison group of 11 youth enrolled in a non-residential life skills program. Ten RILS youth were interviewed 3 and 12 months post-program, with content analysis used to explore changes in autonomy, self-realization, and psychological empowerment. RILS youth showed statistically significant increases in autonomy immediately after the program, which were maintained one year later, whereas the comparison group displayed increased autonomy only at 3 months post-program. Qualitatively, RILS youth emphasized changes in behavioral autonomy and psychological empowerment 3 months post-program, whereas at one year there was greater emphasis on changes in self-realization. Using a triangulation protocol, the mixed methods data were interpreted as showing agreement regarding changes in autonomy due to intervention, partial agreement regarding self-realization, and dissonance regarding psychological empowerment. RILS programs can enhance the autonomy of youth with physical disabilities and contribute to their sense of confidence and understanding of themselves as they move forward in life. The findings suggest the importance of the immersive, away-from-home component of residential immersive life skills programs in enhancing the autonomy of youth with disabilities Youth reported changes in their level of autonomy after attending residential immersive life skills programs, as well as feeling more confident in living on their own Residential immersive life skills programs can contribute to youth's understanding of themselves as they transition to adulthood [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WHO recommends integrating rehabilitation into palliative care when providing services for people with life-threatening conditions. Recently, there has been increasing interest in exploring how rehabilitation and palliative care approaches could be combined. The aim of this study was to map and discuss the goals of intervention programmes that combine rehabilitation and palliative care. A scoping review was performed. The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched for papers published between January 2014 and September 2022. Papers were considered eligible if the participants in question had a life-threatening disease and if interventions included both rehabilitation and palliative care. All study types were included. Ten papers describing five interventions were included. Qualitative goals were narratively described, and quantitative goals were analysed according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and the Total Pain framework. Findings showed an overall focus on functioning and quality of life. Further analysis indicated an emphasis on physical and psychological dimensions. Social participation, and the social and spiritual dimensions were rarely evaluated. This review indicates that goals relative to social participation, the social and spiritual dimensions, and the patient's own goals may well be overlooked as points of orientation for interventions. There is an increasing interest in combining palliative care and rehabilitation approaches in clinical work. When rehabilitation and palliative care are combined, goals may be overlooked, and the patient's own goals can be used as a point of orientation for interventions. Future practice should pay special attention to subjective goals, social participation, and the social and spiritual dimensions when combining rehabilitation and palliative care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study examines the effect of a Theory of Mind (ToM) intervention on ToM abilities and social–emotional functioning in adolescents with developmental language disorder (DLD) or who are deaf/hard of hearing (D/HH). It emphasizes the importance of self‐reflection and measurement for personal growth. The research design incorporates both subjective and objective measures to evaluate the intervention's efficacy. Aims: To investigate the impact of the ToM intervention on ToM abilities and social–emotional functioning in adolescents with DLD or who are D/HH. It hypothesizes that participants in the intervention groups will show improved ToM and social–emotional functioning compared with those in the control groups. Methods & Procedures: Adolescents with DLD or who are D/HH were recruited through collaboration with educational institutions. The study utilized a pre‐/post‐test design, assigning participants to either the intervention or the control group. The ToM intervention involved targeted activities to enhance ToM abilities. ToM abilities and social–emotional functioning were assessed using standardized tests and self‐report questionnaires. Statistical analyses compared outcomes between the intervention and no intervention groups. Outcomes & Results: The findings reveal subjective improvements in social–emotional functioning among the D/HH intervention group. However, no significant effects on objective ToM measures were observed. These results highlight the need for further investigation and refinement of interventions in these areas. Future research should focus on improving intervention strategies and exploring additional objective measures to gain a comprehensive understanding of the intervention's impact on ToM and social–emotional functioning in this population. Conclusions & Implications: The ToM intervention shows subjective benefits in improving social–emotional functioning among D/HH adolescents. However, it does not yield significant effects on objective ToM measures. These findings emphasize the ongoing need to refine interventions targeting ToM abilities and social–emotional functioning in this population. Future studies should explore alternative strategies and incorporate additional objective measures to enhance understanding and outcomes. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on this subject: Before this study, it was known that ToM interventions have the potential to enhance ToM abilities. However, the specific effects of such interventions on subjective and objective measures for ToM and social–emotional functioning in adolescents with DLD or who are D/HH remained unclear, necessitating further research. What this paper adds to the existing knowledge: This study adds to the existing knowledge by demonstrating subjective improvements in social–emotional functioning among adolescents who are D/HH and underwent a ToM intervention. However, no significant effects on objective ToM measures were observed. These findings highlight the need for refining interventions and exploring additional measures to better understand the intervention's impact. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: The subjective improvements in social–emotional functioning observed in this study have important clinical implications. They suggest that ToM interventions can positively impact the social well‐being of adolescents who are D/HH. However, the lack of significant effects on objective ToM measures emphasizes the need for further research and intervention refinement to address specific areas of improvement in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was undertaken to substantiate the connection between sensory experiences and social functioning among 142 children ages 4–10 years with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: Using an online cross-sectional survey, mothers' perceptions of sensory and social characteristics of their children on parent-reported measures of sensory experiences and social functioning were collected. Findings: Using SPSS software to follow the related descriptive statistics and correlational analysis, the results indicated that children had different levels of challenging sensory experiences and social interaction difficulties. It was revealed that higher intensities of sensory issues were associated with lower levels of functioning and greater social interaction difficulties. Further analysis revealed that less awkward, unpleasant experiences in the auditory and tactile sensory functioning correlated with less social difficulties. Conclusions: Given that no causal relationship could be drawn in this study, the findings complemented those of earlier studies, which suggest engagement in social interactions may be correlated with sensory response patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cohort study examines data for participants of the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development to analyze adolescent trajectories of media use for associations with psychotic experiences during early adulthood. Key Points: Question: Are adolescent trajectories of higher media use associated with more psychotic experiences during early adulthood? Findings: In this cohort study including 1226 youth followed up from 5 months to 23 years of age, trajectories of higher video gaming and increasing-then-decreasing ("curved") computer use during adolescence were associated with higher levels of psychotic experiences at age 23 years. Adjusting for mental health and interpersonal difficulties at age 12 years lessened the association for video gaming but not for computer use. Meaning: Modest associations between adolescent trajectories of media use and psychotic experiences may reflect the influence of shared risk factors. Importance: Adolescent media use is thought to influence mental health, but whether it is associated with psychotic experiences (PEs) is unclear. Objective: To examine longitudinal trajectories of adolescent media use and their associations with PEs at 23 years of age. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study included participants from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (1998-2021): children who were born in Québec, Canada, and followed up annually or biennially from ages 5 months through 23 years. Data were analyzed between January 2023 and January 2024. Exposures: Participants reported their weekly amount of television viewing, video gaming, computer use, and reading at ages 12, 13, 15, and 17 years. Main Outcome and Measures: Lifetime occurrence of PEs was measured at 23 years of age. Covariables included sociodemographic, genetic, family, and childhood characteristics between ages 5 months and 12 years. Results: A total of 1226 participants were included in the analyses (713 [58.2%] female, 513 [41.8%] male). For each media type, latent class mixed modeling identified 3 group-based trajectories, with subgroups following trajectories of higher use: television viewing, 128 (10.4%); video gaming, 145 (11.8%); computer use, 353 (28.8%); and reading, 140 (11.4%). Relative to lower video gaming, higher video gaming was preceded by higher levels of mental health and interpersonal problems at age 12 years. Adjusting for these risk factors mitigated the association between higher video gaming and PEs at age 23 years. The curved trajectory of computer use (189 [15.4%] participants), characterized by increasing levels of use until age 15 years followed by a decrease, was associated with higher PEs (estimated difference, +5.3%; 95% CI, +1.5% to +9.3%) relative to lower use (684 [55.8%] participants). This association remained statistically significant after covariable adjustment. Conclusions and Relevance: This study found that longitudinal trajectories of media use during adolescence were modestly associated with PEs at age 23 years, likely reflecting the influence of shared risk factors. Understanding the environmental determinants and psychosocial functions of media use during adolescence may help better integrate digital technologies in the prevention and management of PEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children whose families experience socioeconomic disadvantage are at risk for poor sustained attention, a foundational skill related to goal‐oriented behaviour, self‐regulation and kindergarten readiness. Maternal parenting behaviours and parenting stress are theorised developmental pathways linking socioeconomic status (SES) to children's sustained attention. However, research has yet to empirically test for these indirect pathways, thus limiting the relevance of extant findings to inform targets of parent‐mediated programmes addressing attentional disparities at school entry for low‐income children. Using a sample of mostly low‐income children from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 2214) and the process of parenting model, this study tested whether maternal parenting stress, harsh parenting and cognitive stimulation uniquely explained associations between SES and child sustained attention at age 5 years. Results from structural equation modelling revealed that SES was positively and directly associated with child sustained attention. Some of these effects were indirectly transmitted through the pathway of maternal cognitive stimulation; however, neither harsh parenting nor parenting stress helped to explain the relationship between SES and child sustained attention. Implications of the findings are explored in the context of early childhood prevention and promotion programmes serving low‐income families. Highlights: This study explores the direct and indirect paths of family SES on child sustained attention through the pathways of maternal cognitive stimulation, harsh parenting and parenting stress amongst socioeconomically disadvantaged children.Results from SEM revealed that SES was positively and directly associated with child‐sustained attention and some of these effects were indirectly transmitted through the pathway of maternal cognitive stimulation.Cognitive stimulation is a crucial pathway through which SES may promote or impede the development of children's sustained attention skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Cortical thickness (CT) alterations, mismatch negativity (MMN) reductions, and cognitive deficits are robust findings in first-episode psychosis (FEP). However, most studies focused on medicated patients, leaving gaps in our understanding of the interrelationships between CT, MMN, neurocognition, and psychosocial functioning in unmedicated FEP. This study aimed to employ multiple mediation analysis to investigate potential pathways among these variables in unmedicated drug-naïve FEP. Methods We enrolled 28 drug-naïve FEP and 34 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Clinical symptoms, neurocognition, psychosocial functioning, auditory duration MMN, and T1 structural magnetic resonance imaging data were collected. We measured CT in the superior temporal gyrus (STG), a primary MMN-generating region. Results We found a significant negative correlation between MMN amplitude and bilateral CT of STG (CT_STG) in FEP (left: r  = −.709, P  < .001; right: r  = −.612, P  = .008). Multiple mediation models revealed that a thinner left STG cortex affected functioning through both direct (24.66%) and indirect effects (75.34%). In contrast, the effects of the right CT_STG on functioning were mainly mediated through MMN and neurocognitive pathways. Conclusions Bilateral CT_STG showed significant association with MMN, and MMN plays a mediating role between CT and cognition. Both MMN alone and its interaction with cognition mediated the effects of structural alterations on psychosocial function. The decline in overall function in FEP may stem from decreased CT_STG, leading to subsequent MMN deficits and neurocognitive dysfunction. These findings underline the crucial role of MMN in elucidating how subtle structural alterations can impact neurocognition and psychosocial function in FEP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with schizophrenia face challenges with forming and maintaining social relationships, often resulting in poor social functioning. Commonly used measures of social functioning provide broad information relating to social relationships, but they do not adequately capture information regarding network structure and characteristics of network members. One method that can assess these more detailed aspects of social networks and provide a more comprehensive understanding of social functioning deficits is egocentric social network analysis (SNA). SNA is a scientific discipline that uses principles of network science and graph theory to analyze social relations quantitatively. Even though some types of SNA have been applied in prior schizophrenia studies, its application as a framework to measure social functioning has been extremely limited. Therefore, this article aims to formally introduce SNA and select quantitative SNA metrics, including measures of network composition, structure, homophily, and centrality, to schizophrenia researchers as novel ways of measuring components of social functioning. To demonstrate the application of SNA, we provide illustrative examples of the SNA metrics and graphical diagrams of social networks for two individuals with schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare psychosocial outcomes of older adults according to pain experience. Method: Using cross-sectional 2021 data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, we examined psychosocial characteristics in older adults (N = 3,376) divided into three groups: no pain, pain without activity limitations, and activity-limiting pain. Results: In multiple regression models, older adults with activity-limiting pain compared to those without pain had significantly higher depression, anxiety, and fear of falling, as well as reduced positive affect, self-realization, self-efficacy, resilience, and social participation. Older adults with non–activity-limiting pain had significantly higher social participation than those without pain, but no differences in self-realization, self-efficacy, or resilience. Conclusion: Pain is strongly associated with all psychosocial outcomes, especially in older adults with activity-limiting pain. Future research should examine the impact of self-realization, self-efficacy, resilience, and social participation on activity limitations. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50(7), 27–34.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Understanding the pathways linking caregiver- and family-level psychosocial factors and child oral health behaviors is critical for addressing oral health disparities. The current study examined the associations between caregiver psychosocial functioning and family chaos and child toothbrushing behaviors in children at high risk for poor oral health outcomes. Methods: Data were drawn from the baseline wave of the CO-OP Chicago Cohort Study (U01DE030067), a longitudinal study on child/caregiver dyads exploring oral health behaviors and caries development in young children (N = 296 dyads; child mean age = 5.36, SD = 1.03; caregiver mean age = 33.8 years, SD = 6.70; caregiver race = 43% Black; caregiver ethnicity = 55% Latinx). The oral health behavioral outcomes included child toothbrushing frequency, child plaque levels, and caregiver assistance with child toothbrushing. The data included demographics; caregiver depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, social functioning, social support, and resilience; and family-level household chaos. Results: Multiple regression models indicated that greater household chaos was significantly related to lower caregiver assistance with child toothbrushing (p = 0.0075). Additionally, caregiver anxiety and PTSD symptoms as well as number of children in the home significantly predicted higher levels of household chaos (p < 0.01). Notably, 18% of caregivers reported clinically significant PTSD. The relationships between caregiver-level psychosocial factors and child oral health behaviors were not significant. Conclusions: The results suggest household chaos may play an important role in child oral health behaviors and highlight the importance of investigating family-level factors for understanding and addressing child oral health risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Achieving Success Everyday (ASE) group counseling model is discussed to support homeless students' unique and complex needs. The phenomenology of student homelessness is reviewed, as well as how residential and environmental instability negatively impacts students' academic and psychosocial functioning. Social support for homeless students is also discussed. Next, the ASE group model is described in detail and existing research on its application in school settings is reviewed. Implications for research and practice are provided as they may influence future efforts to support homeless students. Session examples are used to help school personnel apply the ASE model in their respective schools and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Differences of sex development (DSD) can affect the physical health, appearance, and psychosocial functioning of affected individuals, but little is known about how subjective appearance perceptions (body image) impact psychosocial outcomes. This study evaluated body image and its associations with psychosocial outcomes including quality of life, resilience, and psychosocial adjustment. Methods This cross-sectional, multi-method study assessed body image and psychosocial outcomes including quality of life, adjustment, and resilience in 97 youth and young adults with DSD (mean age = 17 ± 3.7 years; 56% assigned female in infancy) using psychometrically sound instruments. A subsample (n  = 40) completed qualitative interviews. Results Quantitative results indicated that overall, participants were satisfied with their physical appearance, although less so with their primary sex characteristics. Body image dissatisfaction was associated with poorer psychosocial adjustment, quality of life, and resilience. Qualitatively, youth and young adults reported a variety of perceptions, both positive and negative, related to their body image and the impact of living with a DSD condition. Themes identified included appearance management; effects of DSD on body image; diagnostic factors and features; attitudes about diagnosis; and treatment. Conclusions Body image is significantly associated with psychosocial outcomes in youth and young adults with DSD, with qualitative findings highlighting both positive and negative body image experiences. Results have implications for clinical care including screening for appearance concerns, normalization of appearance variations, and intervention development to better support healthy body image and psychosocial functioning in youth and young adults with DSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Working in a healthcare setting is associated with high levels of stress and burnout syndrome. Work-related quality of life (WRQoL) remains insufficiently evaluated among physicians. The aim of this study is to assess the WRQoL among physicians of interventional, non-interventional, and diagnostic specialties in Poland. Materials and Methods: Standardized and anonymous WRQoL questionnaires have been filled in by 257 physicians working in Silesia, Poland. After the removal of missing data, 246 individuals were stratified in terms of specialties into the appropriate categories, including interventional, non-interventional, and diagnostics. These categories were compared using the following subscales: general well-being (GWB), home–work interface (HWI), job and career satisfaction (JCS), control at work (CAW), working conditions (WCS), and stress at work (SAW). Results: Out of 246 individuals, 132 were women (53.7%) and 112 (45.5%) were men. There were no differences in terms of WRQoL scores (p = 0.220) and subscales GWB (p = 0.148), HWI (p = 0.368), JCS (p = 0.117), CAW (p = 0.224), WCS (p = 0.609), SAW (p = 0.472) between interventional, non-interventional, and diagnostic specialties. The group of young doctors (age ≤ 30 years) had higher JCS scores than the older ones (mean score [SD], 22.7 [3.98] vs. 21 [4.6]; p = 0.013). Physicians who were not working in hospital had higher WRQoL score than respondents working in hospital (p = 0.061), with significant differences in terms of GWB (mean score [SD], 20.3 [4.93] vs. 22.8 [3.2], p = 0.014), HWI (mean score [SD], 9.1 [=2.65] vs. 10.6 [2.73], p = 0.011), and WCS (mean score [SD], 9.5 [2.61] vs. 10.8 [2.54], p = 0.035). Conclusion: There were no differences considering overall WRQoL between analyzed groups stratified according to specialty. However, we disclosed a significant association between the respondent's WRQoL and age as well as place of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe death of a loved one can have harmful effects on children’s mental health, yet some bereaved children exhibit resilience. Various caregiver and child coping strategies, including active and avoidant coping, may affect the psychosocial functioning of bereaved children. The current study recruited 78 bereaved children aged 8–17 and one of their caregivers to explore: 1) how caregivers’ coping strategies affect their child’s coping strategies and resilience, and 2) associations between children’s coping and their resilience. Results from the active coping mediation model revealed that children’s active coping was significantly associated with their resilience, and caregivers’ active coping was indirectly associated with children’s resilience through children’s active coping. The avoidant coping model was not significant. These preliminary findings highlight the importance of promoting active coping strategies among bereaved children and caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Many individuals with serious mental illness (i.e. schizophrenia spectrum, bipolar or major depressive disorders, with serious functional impairments) have insomnia symptoms. Insomnia is a common reason for mental health referrals in the Veterans Health Administration. The primary aim of this study was to explore the costs (what participants lose or what trade‐offs they make due to insomnia) and consequences (how insomnia impacts functioning) of insomnia for veterans with serious mental illness. Semi‐structured interviews of 20 veterans with insomnia and serious mental illness were collected as data using an inductive phenomenological approach. Two main themes were identified: Sleep Affects Mental Health and Functioning; and Compromising to Cope. Results illuminate pathways by which sleep effort destabilizes functional recovery, and illustrate how sleep has multiplicative positive impacts on functioning and mood. Researchers and clinicians alike must explore supporting people with serious mental illness in replacing sleep effort with the recovery of meaningful identity‐driven, values‐based experiences formerly conceded due to serious mental illness, insomnia or both. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The psychic structure of people with psychosis has been the subject of theoretical and qualitative considerations. However, it has not been sufficiently studied quantitatively. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the structural abilities of people diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis using the Levels of Structural Integration Axis of the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis System (OPD-2-LSIA). The study aimed to determine possible associations between the OPD-2-LSIA and central parameters of illness. Additionally, possible structural differences between people diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis were tested. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 129 outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. Measures of structural integration, symptom load, severity of illness, cognition, and social functioning were obtained. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the overall structural level and the structural dimensions. Correlation coefficients were computed to measure the associations between OPD-2-LSIA and variables regarding the severity of illness and psychosocial functioning. Regression models were used to measure the influence of illness-related variables on OPD-2-LSIA, and the influence of OPD-2-LSIA on psychosocial functioning. Participants diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders were examined with regard to possible group differences. Results: The results of the OPD-2-LSIA showed that the overall structural level was between 'moderate to low' and 'low level of structural integration'. Significant correlations were found between OPD-2-LSIA and psychotic symptoms (but not depressive symptoms), as well as between OPD-2-LSIA and psychosocial functioning. It was found that variables related to severity of illness had a significant impact on OPD-2-LSIA, with psychotic, but not depressive symptoms being significant predictors. OPD-2-LSIA was found to predict psychosocial functioning beyond symptoms and cognition. No significant differences were found between participants with schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis. There was also no correlation found between OPD-2-LSIA and depressive symptomatology (except for the subdimension Internal communication). Discussion: Contrary to theoretical assumptions, the results of the study show a heterogenous picture of the psychic structure of people with psychosis. The associations between OPD-2-LSIA and severity of illness, particularly psychotic symptomatology, as well as the influence of OPD-2-LSIA on psychosocial functioning, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gender-affirming mastectomy (GAM) improves the psychosocial functioning and quality of life of transgender and non-binary (TGNB) individuals. However, the perioperative period is often marked by emotional stress, concerns about surgical outcomes, and physical discomfort. While inpatient procedures provide multiple opportunities to engage with and educate patients, outpatient surgeries, such as GAM, pose a unique challenge as patients are followed for <24 h postoperatively. Given the heightened emotional and psychological distress related to gender dysphoria TGNB individuals often experience, addressing these gaps can significantly improve outcomes. This study aims to characterize patient and surgical characteristics associated with patient-initiated communication (PIC) frequency in this population. Methods: A single-center retrospective review of TGNB patients undergoing GAM from February 2018 to November 2022 was conducted. Demographics, surgical characteristics, and frequency of and reasons for perioperative PIC (30 days before and after surgery) were recorded. The primary outcome was the incidence of perioperative PIC. The secondary outcomes included (1) the rationale for PIC and (2) patient and surgical characteristics associated with PIC. Results: A total of 352 patients were included. Of these, 285 (74.6%) initiated communication in the perioperative period, totaling 659 PICs. The median age was 25.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 9.0) years. The median body mass index (BMI) was 28.5 (IQR: 8.5) kg/m2. The mean number of PICs was 0.7 ± 1.3 preoperatively and 1.3 ± 1.7 postoperatively (p < 0.001). The most frequent preoperative PIC subjects were administrative issues (AI; n = 66, 30.7%), preoperative requirements (n = 43, 20.0%), and cost and insurance (n = 33, 15.0%). The most frequent postoperative PIC subjects were wound care (n = 77, 17.3%), AI (n = 70, 15.0%), activity restrictions (n = 60, 13.5%), drainage (n = 56, 12.6%), and swelling (n = 37, 8.3%). Collectively, older patients (β = 0.234, p = 0.001), those with a history of major depressive disorder or generalized anxiety disorder (2.4 ± 3.0 vs. 1.7 ± 1.9; p = 0.019), and those without postoperative drains (n = 16/17, 94.1% vs. n = 236/334, 70.7%; p = 0.025) engaged in higher levels of PIC. There were no significant associations between other patient characteristics, perioperative details, or complications and PIC frequency. Conclusions: Perioperative PIC is prevalent among the majority of GAM patients at our institution, with age, psychiatric diagnosis, and postoperative drain use identified as significant predictors. To mitigate PIC frequency, it is crucial to ensure adequate support staffing and provide comprehensive postoperative instructions, particularly concerning activity restrictions and drainage management. These interventions may reduce PICs in high-volume centers. Further research should investigate targeted interventions to further support TGNB patients during the perioperative period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMaterials and methodsResultsConclusion\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONTo analyze the effects of exergames on rehabilitation outcomes in osteoarthritis (OA) patients.A systematic review was reported according to the PRISMA statement. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in Pubmed, Scopus, WoS, CINAHL, and PEDro (inception to November 2023). Studies that applied non-immersive exergames and assessed physical, functional, cognitive, pain, and psychosocial outcomes were included. Comparisons were other exercise modalities and non-intervention. Methodological quality was assessed with PEDro scale, and risk of bias (RoB) was assessed with Cochrane RoB-2 tool.Eight studies were included (total of participants = 401). The mean PEDro score was 6.1, and seven studies had high RoB. Seven studies involved knee OA and one cervical OA. The most frequent duration for interventions was four weeks. Exergames were more effective than controls in at least one outcome in all studies. The outcomes for which exergames were most effective were functional disability, postural balance, muscle strength, proprioception, gait, range of motion, pain, quality of life, depression, and kinesiophobia.Non-immersive exergames constitute an effective strategy for optimizing several relevant outcomes in rehabilitation. However, more RCTs with high methodological quality are required to deepen the knowledge about the multidimensional effects of exergames in OA patients.Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of disability, involving high health costs and a public health problem.Physical exercise has recently been recognized as a first-line treatment in OA to reduce symptomatology and to improve or maintain physical functioning and quality of life.Non-immersive exergames are a safe therapeutic strategy to improve functional disability, postural balance, muscle strength, proprioception, gait performance, range of motion, and pain in OA patients.Similarly, non-immersive virtual reality strategies contribute to the improvement of depression, kinesiophobia, and quality of life in people with OA.Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of disability, involving high health costs and a public health problem.Physical exercise has recently been recognized as a first-line treatment in OA to reduce symptomatology and to improve or maintain physical functioning and quality of life.Non-immersive exergames are a safe therapeutic strategy to improve functional disability, postural balance, muscle strength, proprioception, gait performance, range of motion, and pain in OA patients.Similarly, non-immersive virtual reality strategies contribute to the improvement of depression, kinesiophobia, and quality of life in people with OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Evaluation of post-nephrectomy social health in living kidney donors is essential. This systematic review examines their emotional need for social relatedness post-donation. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Results: Among the screened records, 32 quantitative and 16 qualitative papers met the inclusion criteria. Quantitative research predominantly utilized questionnaires featuring generic items on social functioning. However, a minority delved into emotional and social dimensions, aligning with qualitative studies emphasizing the importance of social connection and perceived social support post-donation. Specifically, post-donation changes in connecting with others encompass a sense of belongingness, heightened autonomy, shifts in concern for the recipient's health, and continued care by shielding the recipient from personal health issues. Social acknowledgment and social support from both close and extended networks are reported as relevant for recovery after nephrectomy. Discussion: These findings underscore the necessity for targeted measures of emotional needs and social functioning to effectively assess post-donation adjustment. They also inform the identification of key health themes for kidney donor Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and Patient-Reported Experience Measures (PREMs) questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Patients with cancer experience significant psychosocial distress. Stressors include interpersonal difficulties like loneliness, isolation, thwarted belongingness, communication impediments, and conflicts. Interventions are required that address their specific psychosocial needs. Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) is a promising concept for the treatment of psychosocial distress associated with cancer because it addresses patients' interactions and role transformations. This review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence regarding interventions for patients with cancer based on IPT. Methods: A systematic review following PRISM guidelines was conducted, including randomized controlled trials of IPT-based interventions in patients with cancer, assessing effects on distress, depression, and anxiety. Results: Eight studies were included, sampling 390 patients in total. Seven out of eight studies assessed exclusively women with breast cancer. Two studies described IPT interventions and showed stronger improvement in depression and anxiety compared to TAU and equal improvement in depression compared to other psychotherapy interventions. Six studies described remote Interpersonal Counselling (IPC). One found remote IPC to be superior to control conditions regarding depression, and one found remote IPC to be superior to attention control, but not active control conditions. No study found remote IPC to be superior to control conditions regarding distress. Discussion: There are few randomized controlled trials of IPT for patients with cancer. Results regarding depression and anxiety are promising for in-person IPT, but mixed for remote IPC. Conclusion: The review suggests in-person IPT, but not remote IPC, may yield benefits for patients with cancer. Research on the subject is scarce, and to inform implementation of IPT interventions, research with diverse groups of patients with cancer is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundMethodsResultsDiscussionPeople who identify as “multiple” are people who share a singular body with other individual selves. Whilst there are similarities to clinically defined criteria of dissociative and psychosis diagnoses, people with multiplicity lack an impairment in functioning due to being a multiple self, and often lack amnesia.Six areas of focus (identified via an online consultation with members of the multiplicity community) were explored with 34 individuals: experts-by-experience (10 semi-structured interviews, 15 surveys), support networks (two interviews, four surveys), and professionals (one interview, two surveys). Constructivist grounded theory was used to examine the qualitative data collected.An emerging model was constructed to conceptualise the experience of being multiple. “(Mis)understanding”, “Media”, “Language”, and “Recognition and Regulation” were identified as core, reciprocally influential processes.The findings support the notion that the experience of being multiple is experientially distinct from a clinical understanding of dissociative and psychosis experiences. Positive processes can allow experts-by-experience to live well as a multiple self. Tailored support, understanding, and language is required to allow for validation of experiences and specific support to be accessed, both formally and via peer networks. Further research is necessary to elaborate our ever-growing understanding of this under-researched area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMaterials and MethodsResultsConclusion\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONTo propose a standardized method for the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to describe the health status in Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) and investigate interrater agreement in the linking process in instruments and clinical exams using the ICF categories.Cross-sectional and interrater agreement study that followed the Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies. Two raters performed the linking coding process in instruments of quality of life, anxiety and depression, fatigue and pulmonary function, inspiratory muscle strength and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The codes were qualified by standards defined to each instrument and exams.The instrument with the lowest Cohen’s Kappa coefficient was anxiety and depression (k = 0.57). Forty ICF codes were linked to clinical instruments and exams. The fatigue instrument presented a higher degree of disability by the qualification process, from severe to complete, in the linked codes.The study presents a standardized method for the assessment of the health status of patients with PACS through ICF. Restriction in work performance, socialization and family relationships as well as disabilities in physical endurance, fatigue and exercise tolerance were found in the sample. The agreement between the raters was moderate to perfect, demonstrating that the method can be reproducible.The body structures and functions, environmental factors, activities and participation in a person’s environment are determinant aspects of his health.Ways to measure these aspects are key to assessing health not only as absence of disease, so the International Classification of Disability and Functional Health demonstrates the ability to fully describe health.This study proposes a standardization in the use of the tool to facilitate usability in clinical practice.The body structures and functions, environmental factors, activities and participation in a person’s environment are determinant aspects of his health.Ways to measure these aspects are key to assessing health not only as absence of disease, so the International Classification of Disability and Functional Health demonstrates the ability to fully describe health.This study proposes a standardization in the use of the tool to facilitate usability in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Web‐based guided self‐help cognitive behavioral therapy‐enhanced (CBT‐E) is a 12‐weeks, 12‐sessions, digitalized version of part II of the self‐help book Overcoming Binge Eating. This intervention is effective when offered under controlled circumstances in a randomized‐controlled‐trial. It is unknown how patients with binge‐eating disorder (BED) respond to this intervention when offered in real‐world clinical‐settings. The aim of this study is to examine post‐intervention effectiveness of guided self‐help CBT‐E for BED in real‐world settings. Method: The present study used a cohort‐design examining the effectiveness of web‐based guided self‐help CBT‐E according to an intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis. BED patients (n = 278) were assessed pre‐ and post‐intervention. The primary outcome was reduction in binge‐eating episodes. Other outcomes were full‐recovery (EDE‐Q score <2.77 and abstinence from binge‐eating episodes), impaired psychosocial functioning, defined as secondary impairment, and general psychopathology post‐intervention. Results: The number of binge‐eating episodes reduced by an average of 16 binge‐eating episodes per 4 weeks pre‐intervention to five binge‐eating episodes during the last 4 weeks of treatment. Abstinence from binge eating was reported by 30%, and 28% reported full recovery. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were large (d ≥ 1.0) for all outcome measures. There were no differences in outcomes between the ITT and the completers sample. Discussion: Guided self‐help CBT‐E is associated with significant improvements. The effects of guided self‐help CBT‐E offered in a real‐world‐setting are comparable to self‐help CBT‐E offered in a randomized‐controlled‐trial. However, it should be noted that comparisons with randomized‐controlled‐trials requires caution. Longer‐term follow‐up data are necessary to measure persistence of treatment benefits. Public Significance: Offering CBT‐E as a web‐based guided self‐help intervention has several benefits for patients with BED. Guided self‐help CBT‐E is associated with significant improvements on the short term when offered in real‐world clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent reviews and meta-analyses of metacognitive therapy for schizophrenia-spectrum disorder (SSD) have included uncontrolled studies, single-session interventions, and/or analyses limited to a single form of metacognitive therapy. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of metacognitive therapies more broadly based on controlled trials (CT) of sustained treatments. We conducted a pre-registered meta-analysis of controlled trials that investigated the effects of meta-cognitive therapies on primary positive symptom outcomes, and secondary symptom, function and/or insight measures. Electronic databases were searched up to March 2022 using variants of the keywords, 'metacognitive therapy', 'schizophrenia', and 'controlled trial'. Studies were identified and screened according to PRISMA guidelines. Outcomes were assessed with random effects models and sample, intervention, and study quality indices were investigated as potential moderators. Our search identified 44 unique CTs with usable data from 2423 participants. Data were extracted by four investigators with reliability >98%. Results revealed that metacognitive therapies produced significant small-to-moderate effects on delusions (g = 0.32), positive symptoms (g = 0.30) and psychosocial function (g = 0.31), and significant, small effects on cognitive bias (g = 0.25), negative symptoms (g = 0.24), clinical insight (g = 0.29), and social cognition (g = 0.27). Findings were robust in the face of sample differences in age, education, gender, antipsychotic dosage, and duration of illness. Except for social cognition and negative symptoms, effects were evident even in the most rigorous study designs. Thus, results suggest that metacognitive therapies for SSD benefit people, and these benefits transfer to function and illness insight. Future research should modify existing treatments to increase the magnitude of treatment benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We compared dissociative seizure specific cognitive behavior therapy (DS-CBT) plus standardized medical care (SMC) to SMC alone in a randomized controlled trial. DS-CBT resulted in better outcomes on several secondary trial outcome measures at the 12-month follow-up point. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate putative treatment mechanisms. Methods: We carried out a secondary mediation analysis of the CODES trial. 368 participants were recruited from the National Health Service in secondary / tertiary care in England, Scotland, and Wales. Sixteen mediation hypotheses corresponding to combinations of important trial outcomes and putative mediators were assessed. Twelve-month trial outcomes considered were final-month seizure frequency, Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), and the SF-12v2, a quality-of-life measure providing physical (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores. Mediators chosen for analysis at six months (broadly corresponding to completion of DS-CBT) included: (a) beliefs about emotions, (b) a measure of avoidance behavior, (c) anxiety and (d) depression. Results: All putative mediator variables except beliefs about emotions were found to be improved by DS-CBT. We found evidence for DS-CBT effect mediation for the outcome variables dissociative seizures (DS), WSAS and SF-12v2 MCS scores by improvements in target variables avoidance behavior, anxiety, and depression. The only variable to mediate the DS-CBT effect on the SF-12v2 PCS score was avoidance behavior. Conclusions: Our findings largely confirmed the logic model underlying the development of CBT for patients with DS. Interventions could be additionally developed to specifically address beliefs about emotions to assess whether it improves outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cognitive remediation provides substantial improvements in cognitive performance and real-world functioning for people living with schizophrenia, but the durability of these benefits needs to be reassessed and better defined. The aims of this study were to provide a comprehensive assessment of the durability of the benefits of cognitive remediation for cognition and functioning in people living with schizophrenia and evaluating potential moderators of effects. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO, and reference lists of included articles and Google Scholar were inspected. Eligible studies were randomized clinical trials of cognitive remediation in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in which follow-up assessments were included. Screening and data extraction were performed by at least two independent reviewers. Cohen's d was used to measure outcomes. Primary outcomes were changes in cognition and functioning from baseline to conclusion of follow-up. Moderators of the durability of effects were assessed. Results: Of 2,840 identified reports, 281 full texts were assessed and 130 reports on 67 studies with 5,334 participants were included. Cognitive remediation produced statistically significant positive effects that persisted at the end of follow-up in global cognition (d=0.23) and in global functioning (d=0.26). Smaller study samples and single-center studies were associated with better cognitive outcomes; longer treatment and follow-up duration, techniques for transferring cognitive gains to the real world, integration with psychiatric rehabilitation, group format of delivery, and more female participants in the sample were associated with better functional outcomes. Conclusions: Cognitive remediation provides durable improvements in cognition and functioning in schizophrenia. This finding corroborates the notion that cognitive remediation should be implemented more widely in clinical and rehabilitation practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore how resilience is manifested in the experiences of emerging adults who were subjected to bullying victimization in school and have high levels of psychological functioning in emerging adulthood. Methods: Fifteen Swedish emerging adults (Mage = 29.13, SD = 0.52) who, despite experiences of bullying victimization at age 10, had high levels of psychological functioning as emerging adults were interviewed. The interviews focused on experiences of bullying victimization and the long‐term outcomes of these experiences. Qualitative methods were used in the analysis, with a specific focus on resilience. Results/Conclusion: The findings illustrate how long‐term outcomes of bullying victimization in school, in relation to resilience, comprise a dynamic process between personal agency and social resources in the environmental context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current research in developmental psychopathology has emphasised how emotion dynamics, such as affective variability, relate to psychosocial functioning. In this brief article, we examined mean differences in mothers' and adolescents' affective intensity and lability in positive and negative emotions and explored how these emotion dynamics related to depressive symptoms and mother-adolescent relationship quality. We administered individual surveys each day for one week to mother-adolescent dyads (N = 109) that inquired about positive and negative affective states. Affective intensity was measured by the mean across the week and lability by the standard deviation. Participants also reported on their depressive symptoms and adolescents reported on relationship quality. Results showed that positive affect was more intense and more variable than negative affect, and adolescents experienced more intense negative affective and less intense positive affect than mothers. Greater mother and adolescent negative affect intensity and less maternal positive affect intensity related to more depressive symptoms. Affective intensity in mothers and adolescents and affective lability in mothers related to mother-adolescent relationship quality. These findings extend the growing body of knowledge on individuals' affective intensity and variability by considering family dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Many people experience persistent symptoms for more than 12 weeks following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, which is known as post‐COVID‐19 condition (PCS) or Long COVID (LC). PCS can impair people's quality of life and daily functioning. However, there is a lack of in‐depth research exploring the PCS patient journey, as well as gendered aspects of patients' experiences. Methods: Nineteen semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with people living with PCS in the United Kingdom (13 women, 6 men). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed inductively using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Five main themes were identified: 'Symptom dismissal', 'Lack of information and support', 'Life before and after Long COVID', 'Psychological impact' and 'Acceptance'. A shift overtime to self‐management of symptoms was evident. These themes represent different stages of patients' PCS journey. Narratives indicated that women highlighted dismissal by healthcare professionals (HCPs), which was not as prominent in men's narratives. In addition, women went into more detail about the psychological impact of PCS compared to men. Conclusion: Women with PCS reported symptom dismissal by HCPs, which may have delayed their diagnosis and negatively affected their well‐being. We were not able to explore the experiences of people from non‐conforming gender groups. Raising awareness of these issues among HCPs, particularly general practitioners, could improve patient care in PCS. Patient or Public Contribution: Patient and public involvement consisted of people who took part in the interviews and commented on the themes' interpretation and study conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceiving partner emotions accurately is relevant for relationship functioning and may relate to perceivers' attachment orientations. Here we tested whether attachment anxiety and avoidance affect the perception of a hard and a flat partner emotion which can signal a relationship threat, that is, irritation and indifference towards the partner, and of general affective valence. We assessed whether individuals (1) over‐ or underestimate (directional bias) and (2) track changes (tracking accuracy) in their partner's emotions. Ninety‐four couples reported on their own emotions and their perception of their partner's emotions multiple times per day during 1 week. Results revealed that more avoidantly attached men less accurately tracked changes in partner irritation and more anxiously attached men less accurately tracked changes in partner affective valence. No other significant associations of attachment with tracking accuracy nor with directional bias were found. Overall, the findings suggest no robust relation between attachment insecurity and perception of partner irritation, indifference and affective valence in everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the ICD-11, PD and CPTSD overlap in impaired aspects of self- and interpersonal functioning, with implications for assessment and treatment. This article aimed to explore the relationship between CPTSD and PD features. A trauma-exposed community sample in Denmark (N = 470) completed the ITQ, PDS-ICD-11, and BTQ. Data were analyzed using exploratory structural equation modeling. Both two- and three-factor models were viable. In the two-factor model, both disturbances in self-organization (DSO) and PD items belonged to the same disturbed self-interpersonal functioning factor. Both factors predicted quality of life and functioning and were predicted by number of life events. In the three-factor model (PTSD, DSO, and PD), there was some overlap between DSO and PD items. Number of life events predicted belonging to the PTSD and DSO classes but not the PD class. The findings demonstrate clear overlapping and differentiating features. Multiple traumas and functioning in self-concept and relationships appear to differentiate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The fourth age is considered a life stage with a high likelihood of age-related losses. However, very old age extends over decades, and little is known about how transitions that may happen during this age period (e.g. developing support needs or adopting caregiving roles) or lack thereof might change perceptions of age-related gains or losses. Many subjective age scales assume implicitly that they work across advanced old age, but data to support this assumption are scarce. This study reports findings on (1) diverging, age-specific understandings of age-related change and (2) whether very old adults' functional health, received social support, and caregiving roles, rather than chronological age, account for such differences. Methods Data came from the nationally representative survey "Old Age in Germany D80+" conducted in 2020/2021, comprising 10,578 individuals aged 80–106 years. Results At equivalent levels of perceived gains and losses, adults in the early fourth age reported more "freedom in daily life," less "dependency on others," and fewer "needs to reduce activities," whereas adults in the late fourth age reported more "appreciation of others." Chronological age, as such, was not the primary source of this response shift. Rather, functional health, social support, and caregiving responsibilities accounted for the differences in how older adults interpreted and reported specific age-related gains and losses. Discussion Findings underscore that across the multiple decades of the fourth age, interpretations of aging experiences vary and depend on a person's own late-life health and functioning and on that of significant others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has consistently shown that parental psychological control is associated with negative psychosocial outcomes, including rule-breaking behavior, aggression, and delinquency. Given the potential long-term consequences of early involvement in externalizing problems, it is important to understand pathways of risk for a child engaging in these behaviors. Therefore, the aim of the current cross-sectional study was to investigate whether peer victimization underlies the associations between parental psychological control and externalizing problems. Participants included 275 children (51.6% girls) in the third through fifth grade (M = 9.33 years, SD = 0.99 years) and their homeroom teachers. Children provided self-reports of psychological control, peer victimization, and delinquency, and teachers provided ratings of peer victimization and forms of aggression. Rule-breaking behavior was assessed using school records. As predicted, a higher order latent externalizing problems factor was identified from indices of rule-breaking behavior, relational aggression, physical aggression, and delinquency. Further, results indicated that peer victimization served as a mechanism linking parental psychological control to a higher-order latent externalizing problems factor as well as individual indices (i.e., rule-breaking behavior, relational aggression, physical aggression, and delinquency). Findings from this study suggest that parents can have an impact on child outcomes through their impact on peer relations. Additionally, these findings may have important implications for early identification and prevention efforts addressing externalizing problems during middle childhood. Highlights: There was a significant indirect effect from parental psychological control to childhood externalizing problems through peer victimization. Findings remained consistent when using child- and teacher-reported peer victimization. Rule-breaking behavior, aggression, and delinquency significantly loaded on to a latent externalizing problems factor. Links between parenting behavior and externalizing problems are evident among children in elementary school. There might be multiple points of intervention when trying to reduce youth externalizing problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bipolar depression is the major cause of morbidity in patients with bipolar disorder. It affects psychosocial functioning and markedly impairs occupational productivity. Anhedonia is one of the most debilitating symptoms of depression contributing to treatment resistance. It correlates with suicidality, low quality of life, social withdrawal, and poor treatment response. Currently, there is no approved treatment specifically targeting anhedonia. Emerging evidence suggests that ketamine possesses anti‐anhedonic properties in individuals with depression. Objectives: The aim of this naturalistic open‐label study was to investigate the effect of add‐on ketamine treatment on anhedonia in treatment resistant bipolar depression. Methods: Our main interest was the change in patient‐reported (Snaith‐Hamilton Pleasure Scale) and rater‐based anhedonia measure (Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale‐anhedonia subscale). The secondary aim was to analyze the score change in three Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology‐Self Report (IDS‐SR) domains: mood/cognition, anxiety/somatic, and sleep. Patients underwent assessments at several time points, including baseline, after the third, fifth, and seventh ketamine infusions. Additionally, a follow‐up assessment was conducted 1 week following the final ketamine administration. Results: We found improvement in anhedonia symptoms according to both patient‐reported and rater‐based measures. The improvement in IDS‐SR domains was most prominent in anxiety/somatic factor and mood/cognition factor, improvement in sleep factor was not observed. No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion: Add‐on ketamine seems to be a good choice for the treatment of anhedonia in treatment resistant bipolar depression. It also showed a good effect in reducing symptoms of anxiety in this group of patients. Considering unmet needs and the detrimental effect of anhedonia and anxiety, more studies are needed on ketamine treatment in resistant bipolar depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The psychological effects of staged nasal reconstruction with a forehead flap were prospectively investigated. Thirty-three patients underwent nasal reconstruction with forehead flaps between March 2017 and July 2020. Three questionnaires were used to assess psychosocial functioning before surgery (time 1), 1 week after forehead flap transfer (time 2), 1 week after forehead flap division (time 3), and after refinement procedures (time 4). The patients were categorized into three groups according to the severity of nasal defects. Between- and within-group comparisons were conducted. All patients reported increased satisfaction with their appearance during nasal reconstruction. For most patients, levels of distress and social avoidance were highest before reconstruction (time 1). Both levels decreased as reconstruction advanced, and were significantly improved by times 3 and 4. The stage of reconstruction had a greater effect on these levels than did severity of nasal defect. Nasal reconstruction with forehead flap is beneficial physically and psychologically. Psychological evaluation before and after surgery facilitates patient–surgeon interactions and further enhances outcomes. Summary. Because nasal deformities are visually obvious, affected patients may experience significant psychological distress and social disability. Such deformities are usually repaired through staged reconstruction with a forehead flap. This reconstruction, however, is a long-term, difficult process, and its psychological effects on patients have not been studied extensively. In this study, patients who underwent this procedure filled out three questionnaires about their satisfaction with the surgical outcome and about psychosocial functioning before, twice during, and after reconstruction. The responses were analyzed with regard to the severity of deformities and the reconstruction stages at which patients filled out the questionnaires. The results revealed that levels of distress and social avoidance were highest before surgery and decreased over time; all patients reported increased satisfaction with their appearances as the process continued; and severity of deformity had no significant effect on patients' satisfaction or psychosocial functioning. These findings highlight the importance of explaining the details of the procedure to patients to help them be mentally prepared for difficulties during the reconstruction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of mental health in adolescents with Hirschsprung disease (HD) are scarce. This cross-sectional study investigates mental health, psychosocial functioning and quality of life in HD adolescents. Adolescents (12–18 years) treated at the Department of pediatric surgery at Oslo University Hospital were invited for participation. Mental health was assessed by interview; Child Assessment Schedule (CAS) and questionnaires; parental Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and adolescent Youth Self-Report (YSR). Psychosocial functioning was rated by Child Global Assessment Scale (cGAS). Adolescent Quality of Life was assessed by Pediatric Quality of Life inventory (PedsQL) and chronic family difficulties (CFD) by interview. Medical records were reviewed for somatic history. Thirty-seven adolescents, 28 males, median age 14.3 years, participated. By CAS interview, 8 of 37 (44% of females and 14% of males) fulfilled criteria for psychiatric diagnosis all within emotional and related disorders. Twenty-seven percent had CBCL internalizing scores and 16% had YSR internalizing scores in clinical range indicating emotional problems. By interviewer rated cGAS, 27% were scored in clinical range. By PedsQL 16% reported reduced psychosocial health score. Increased CFD, lower psychosocial functioning and reduced QoL as well as less paternal education were significantly associated with psychiatric diagnosis. Twice as many (4/8) adolescents who either had a stoma or bowel management had a psychiatric diagnosis compared to those who had neither stoma nor bowel management (7/28). Nearly one in four adolescents with HD fulfilled criteria for psychiatric diagnosis. Mental health problems were associated with reduced psychosocial function and reduced QoL. III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Athletes are exposed to various psychological and physiological stressors, such as losing matches and high training loads. Understanding and improving the resilience of athletes is therefore crucial to prevent performance decrements and psychological or physical problems. In this review, resilience is conceptualized as a dynamic process of bouncing back to normal functioning following stressors. This process has been of wide interest in psychology, but also in the physiology and sports science literature (e.g. load and recovery). To improve our understanding of the process of resilience, we argue for a collaborative synthesis of knowledge from the domains of psychology, physiology, sports science, and data science. Accordingly, we propose a multidisciplinary, dynamic, and personalized research agenda on resilience. We explain how new technologies and data science applications are important future trends (1) to detect warning signals for resilience losses in (combinations of) psychological and physiological changes, and (2) to provide athletes and their coaches with personalized feedback about athletes' resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Headache is one of the essential symptoms of pituitary adenoma associated with the tumor and the patient’s characteristics. The pattern of adenoma-related headaches varies widely and can significantly impact the patient’s quality of life. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the severity and pattern of headaches in patients with pituitary adenoma in Iran. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated 109 patients with an initial complement of headaches. The diagnosis of pituitary adenoma was confirmed. Patients’ demographic characteristics [e.g., gender, body mass index (BMI), and age] and tumor characteristics (e.g., subtype of tumor and size of tumor) were collected by interview, clinical examination, and imaging. We measured the severity of the headache using Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) questionnaire version 1.1. Results: In our study, the most common subtype of pituitary adenoma was prolactinoma, followed by nonfunctional growth hormone (GH)-releasing and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-releasing adenomas. Functional adenoma was significantly more common in women; however, the incidence of non-functional adenoma was more in men (61%), indicating the correlation between gender and subtype of adenoma (P = 0.008). Most tumors were functional microadenomas (69%), while macroadenomas were primarily non-functional (50%). The HIT-6 scores demonstrated that functional microadenomas had higher HIT-6 scores and patients with prolactinoma experienced more severe headaches than other subtypes (P = 0.003). Conclusion: Our study revealed significant effects of the type of adenoma on the severity of headaches, as patients with functional microadenomas had more muscular headaches. Additionally, the hormonereleasing function of tumors plays a vital part in the advent and severity of adenoma-related headaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood adversity can include traumatic experiences and exposure to other risk factors; consistently predicting poorer psychosocial outcomes in adulthood. Relatively little research has investigated the impact of cumulative risk exposure in childhood. Using data collected in a specialist clinical setting, we investigated the associations between risk exposure, psychopathology and psychosocial functioning. Participants were children attending the Attachment and Trauma service at Great Ormond Street Hospital in London (N = 132, M = 10.25, SD = 3.35). Data was collected via routine clinical practice during multi-disciplinary assessments. Data was collected on developmental and trauma history, psychopathology, and functioning (CGAS), using standardised measures, clinical interviews, and observations. All children had experienced at least one risk factor, with 78% reporting multiple exposures, including witnessing interpersonal violence (52%), neglect (48%), and physical abuse (42%). Other risk exposures included exposure to alcohol (17%) and substances (24%) in-utero, as well as social risk factors such as multiple foster placements in some cases. In this sample, 65% of children met criteria for at least one psychiatric diagnosis (Anxiety = 31%, PTSD = 28%, Depression = 8%). High levels of functional impairment were found, with 52% of children falling into the highest categories of 'obvious' or 'severe' problems. Multiple risk exposure significantly predicted PTSD (OR 9.64 (1.1, 83.7)), but did not predict anxiety, depression, or functional impairment. This study highlights the rates of cumulative risk exposure in this clinical sample. The findings demonstrate the importance of detailed and accurate clinical assessments in ascertaining trauma histories in children with known histories of adversity and maltreatment. There are implications for assessment and treatment, such as the importance of clear guidelines on treating PTSD in children with complex trauma histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems show great promise for improving glycemic outcomes and reducing disease burden for youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The current study examined youth and parent perspectives after using the insulin-only iLet Bionic Pancreas (BP) during the 13-week pivotal trial. Methods Parents and youth participated in focus group interviews, with questions assessing participants' experiences in a variety of settings and were grounded in the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Qualitative analysis was completed by 3 authors using a hybrid thematic analysis approach. Results Qualitative analysis of focus groups revealed a total of 19 sub-themes falling into 5 major themes (Diabetes Burden, Freedom and Flexibility, Daily Routine, Managing Glucose Levels, and User Experience). Participants' overall experience was positive, with decreased burden and improved freedom and flexibility. Some participants reported challenges in learning to trust the system, adjusting to the user interface, and the system learning their body. Conclusion This study adds to the growing literature on patient perspectives on using AID systems and was among the first to assess caregiver and youth experiences with the BP system over an extended period (13 weeks). Patient feedback on physical experiences with the device and experiences trusting the device to manage glucose should inform future development of technologies as well as approaches to education for patients and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Obesity can have physical, psychological, and social consequences. Bariatric surgery has the potential to improve the patient’s biopsychosocial condition. However, excess skin after rapid and significant weight loss can cause psychological distress. Plastic surgery, as the only procedure capable of removing excess skin, has the potential to improve self-image. Additionally, it can encourage weight control. This study investigated, through a scoping review, whether the basic psychological assessment, carried out during screening by the plastic surgeon, is capable of identifying psychological distress in patients who wish to undergo plastic surgery after bariatric surgery. Method: A bibliographic survey was carried out, covering articles published between 2013 and 2023, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, in the MEDLINE, Virtual Health Library (VHL), and Embase databases. Results: In the search strategy, 48 articles met the inclusion criteria, and 18 articles were mentioned in this study. Conclusion: The psychological assessment carried out during plastic surgeon screening allows the identification of suffering resulting from excess skin after bariatric surgery and previous psychological suffering. This facilitates the medical decision about whether or not to refer the patient for specialized psychological evaluation. This approach broadens the patient’s understanding of the relationship between body and mind.

IntroductionIn this study, we mainly evaluated the associations of borderline personality disorder (BPD), neuroticism, and childhood trauma with the self-rated and clinician-rated overall functional impairment levels of adult euthymic patients with bipolar disorder-1 (BD-1). In addition, we compared patient and healthy control groups regarding the levels of of childhood trauma, neuroticism, BPD and functional impairment.MethodsIn total, 90 euthymic BD-1 patients and 90 healthy controls were enrolled. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form, the neuroticism subscale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised–Abbreviated Form, the Borderline Personality Questionnaire, the Functioning Assessment Short Test, and the Sheehan Disability Scale were administered to the participants.ResultsThe study revealed that the levels of BPD, neuroticism, emotional abuse, physical abuse, global childhood trauma, self-rated overall functional impairment, all the subdomains of self-rated functional impairment, clinician-rated overall functional impairment, and all the subdomains of clinician-rated functional impairment (except leisure time) were significantly higher in the patients than those in the healthy controls (p < 0.05). Clinician-rated functional impairment levels were significantly correlated with levels of BPD (r = 0.555, p