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BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is highly prevalent in critically ill patients and associated with significant morbidity and mortality as well as high financial costs. Early prediction of AKI provides an opportunity to develop strategies for early diagnosis, effective prevention, and timely treatment. Machine learning models have been developed for early prediction of AKI on critically ill patients by different researchers under different scenario. OBJECTIVE This comparative study aims to assess the performances of existing models for early prediction of AKI in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting. METHODS The data was collected from the MIMIC-III database for all patients above 18 years old who had valid creatinine measured for 72 hours following ICU admission. Those with existing condition of kidney disease on admission were excluded. 17 predictor variables including patient demographics and physiological indicators were selected on the basis of the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) and medical literatures. Six models from three different types of methods were tested including Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Decision (LightGBM), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The area under ROC curve (AUC), accuracy, precision, recall and F1 value were calculated for each model to evaluate the performance. RESULTS We extracted 17205patient ICU records from MIMIC-III dataset. LightGBM had the best performance, with all the evaluation indicators achieved the highest (with average AUC 0.905, F1 0.897, Recall 0.836, P CONCLUSIONS LightGBM demonstrated the best predictive capability in predicting AKI present at the first 72 hours of ICU admission. LightGBM and XGBoost showed great potential for clinical application owing to their high recall. This study can provide references for AI-powered clinical decision support system for early AKI prediction in ICU setting.

In this work, we present the mass spectrum of higher charmonia around and above 4.6 GeV by adopting the unquenched potential model. We perform a combined fit to the updated experimental data of ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\psi}(2S){\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}{\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}}_{c}$. To understand the ``platform'' structure observed in the range of 4.57--4.60 GeV existing in the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}{\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}}_{c}$ invariant mass spectrum of ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}{\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}}_{c}$ of BESIII, we introduce two resonances in this combined fit to ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\psi}(2S){\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}{\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}}_{c}$, which have resonance parameters, ${m}_{{Y}_{1}}=4585\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{{Y}_{1}}=29.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8.0\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$, ${m}_{{Y}_{2}}=4676\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$, and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{{Y}_{2}}=85.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15.0\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$. Furthermore, combining with our theoretical results, we indicate that the two charmoniumlike $Y$ states can be due to two higher charmonia, which are mixtures of $6S$ and $5D$ $c\overline{c}$ states. Their two-body open-charm decay behaviors are given. Under the same framework, our analysis of the data of ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{s}^{+}{D}_{s1}(2536{)}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ recently released by Belle supports the introduction of these two higher charmonia around 4.6 GeV. Additionally, we predict the masses and two-body open-charm decays of six higher charmonia $\ensuremath{\psi}(nS)$ and $\ensuremath{\psi}(mD)$ with $n=7$, 8, 9 and $m=6$, 7, 8 above 4.6 GeV. The search for these higher charmonia will be an interesting issue for the running BESIII and BelleII, and even the possible Super Tau-Charm Factory discussed in China.

Neotethyan ophiolites along the Bangong-Nujiang and Yarlung Tsangpo sutures, Tibetan plateau, consist of mantle peridotite, cumulates, isotropic gabbro, diabase, plagiogranite and basaltic lava. They comprise MORB, IAB, OIB and boninitic rocks, and mostly belong to supra-subduction zone (SSZ) type. Compositionally different rocks crystallized synchronously over a distance of >2000 km along the Bangong-Nujiang and Yarlung Tsangpo sutures during the short periods of 190–182 and 132–120 Ma, respectively, resembling the Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) proto-arc. The early Jurassic Bangong-Nujiang ophiolites formed in forearc settings during subduction initiation, while the middle Jurassic-early Cretaceous Bangong-Nujiang ophiolites and the early Cretaceous Yarlung Tsangpo ophiolites formed in forearc settings at pre-existing subduction zones. Crystallization of the Neotethyan SSZ ophiolites from the eastern Mediterranean-Middle East, Tibetan plateau to Southeast Asia and formation of the associated metamorphic rocks temporally coincided with major supercontinent breakup events: (1) initial breakup of Pangea in Central Atlantic and westernmost Tethys (~190 Ma); (2) separation of West and East Gondwana (170–160 Ma) and initial opening of Piemont-Ligurian Tethys (175–164 Ma); (3) initial breakups of East and West Gondwana (135–125 Ma); and (4) final breakup of Gondwana (104–96 Ma). Far-field forces associated with abrupt global plate reorganizations may have triggered subduction initiation or transient interplate coupling/decoupling at pre-existing subduction zones, leading to episodic formation of the Neotethyan SSZ ophiolites and rapid exhumation of metamorphic rocks in subduction zones. The formation events of Neotethyan SSZ ophiolites and associated metamorphic rocks represent snapshots of global plate reorganizations during the major episodes of supercontinent breakup.

The effects of lanthanum on growth, soluble sugar content, essential oil contents and quality were studied in lavender plant (Lavandula Angustifolia Mill, Variety 701) under osmotic stress by means of PEG-6000 solution. The results show that osmotic stress could reduce the growth rate of lavender, and increase the content of SSC (soluble sugar concentration) to some extent. Compared with control group, the contents of essential oil in flowers and leaves respectively increase by 45.6% and 48.3% in the osmotic stress group induced by 15% PEG-6000. However, the presence of lanthanum can make the contents of essential oil in the flowers and leaves of stressed lavender plants enhance by 19.4% and 18.6%, respectively. Under osmotic stress, the relative contents of four kinds of lavender essential oil compositions of camphor, linalool, linalyl acetate and lavandulol acetate in the lavender flowers were successively 22.63%, 0.61%, 25.46%, 7.03%, and 20.17%, 0.62%, 20.72%, 10.80%, respectively in the presence and absence of lanthanum. The contents of all four main components of lavender essential oils meet the requirements of the national standard under osmotic stress in the presence of lanthanum. However, in the absence of lanthanum, the contents of linalyl acetate and lavandulol acetate does not meet the requirements of the national standard under osmotic stress. Moreover, the contents of five components of borneol, camphor, eudesmol, caryophyllene oxide and bicyclic sesquiphellandrene from the essential oil of lavender leaves are 12.89%, 3.84%, 8.76%, 11.30% and 8.10%, respectively. The total content of above five components accounts for 44.89% of the essential oil of the lavender leaves. Particularly, the borneol content in leaf essential oil is up to 12.89%. It is 125.2 times the amount of borneol in the flower essential oil. In conclusion, the suitable concentration of lanthanum can improve the adaptability of lavender plants, and heighten the content and quality of lavender essential oil to some extent under osmotic stress.

One new compound, chaetoglobinol B (1), along with six known secondary metabolites 2–7, was isolated and identified from the solid-state fermented rice culture of the fungus Chaetomium elatum cib-412. In addition, compounds 1–3 showed strong inhibitory activity against α-glycosidase at the concentration of 2.5 mg/mL.

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is one of the most rampant attacks which threaten network security. To overcome DDoS in Software-Defined Networking (SDN), many DDoS detection methods have been presented, among which periodic detection approaches with a specific interval are widely utilized. However, periodic data collection and DDoS detection may result in high network load occupancy between SDN controller and switches, high overhead of SDN controller, and long response time to DDoS attacks. Hence, in order to address those issues above, an ADaptiVe schedulIng for data Collection and DDoS dEtection (ADVICE) mechanism is proposed in this work, to flexibly adjust the data collection and detection interval and decrease the workload of the SDN controller. Instead of detects all flow entries at one period, ADVICE collects the flow statistic information with dynamic intervals and finely-grained initiate DDoS detection for each flow entry. Based on the survival time and credence degree of each flow entry, ADVICE can reduce the network load occupancy and assure the rapid detection of DDoS. Experimental results indicate that ADVICE can effectively minimize the controller's workload and optimize the usage of the limited switch-controller connection bandwidth, shorten the response time of DDoS attacks compared with state-of-the-art methods, and thus protect the network from various DDoS attacks.

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is widely considered as one of the next generation network architecture. However, SDN faces with a series of issues which restraint its development and application, where the security is one of the serious issues. The Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is such a devastating security problem. In this work, a comprehensive review of the DDoS detection mechanisms utilized in SDN is presented. DDoS attacks in SDN are classified into two types and five subtypes based on the features of DDoS and SDN. For each kind of DDoS, how the attackers can exploit the vulnerabilities of SDN to launch DDoS attacks is discussed. Subsequently, the DDoS detection mechanisms used in SDN are reviewed and categorized into five types and forty-six subtypes. These kinds of DDoS detection mechanisms are compared and analyzed, where we draw a conclusion that the machine learning-based DDoS detection mechanisms and threshold-based DDoS detection mechanisms are the two most popular technologies utilized to detect DDoS attacks in SDN. More importantly, for each kind of DDoS detection mechanism, the generational process, advantages, and disadvantages are discussed. Additionally, the open problems and future directions of DDoS detection in SDN are discussed. By presenting these review, discussion and analysis, we hope it can facilitate the understanding of DDoS detection in SDN.

Four novel isomers of norlignan glycoside were isolated from Cephalotaxus oliveri Mast.. Their structures were elucidated as 3S-4″-O-β- d -glucopyranosylnyasol 1, 3S-4′-O-β- d -glucopyranosylnyasol 2, 3S-4″-O-β- d -glucopyranosylhinokiresinol 3, 3S-4′-O-β- d -glucopyranosylhinokiresinol 4 by extensive spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR experiments (1H, 13C, DEPT, 1H–1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, ROESY) along with HR-ESIMS and comparison to literature data. Their absolute configurations were elucidated through CD spectra coupled with the quantum chemical CD calculations.

While we are experiencing many advantages of digital technologies and products, the security issues are also attracting increasing concerns. The secure fingerprint identification has become one of the most important research topics because of these increasing concerns. It has promoted us to propose an efficient fingerprint identification algorithm based on minutiae and invariant moment in this paper. In the proposed algorithm, the raw fingerprint image is first enhanced by the short-time Fourier transform (STFT). After that, the fingerprint minutiae can be extracted, which thereafter are selected as the center of region of interest (ROI), according to morphological transformation. Finally, a metric called cosine similarity among invariant moments is utilized to judge the similarities between fingerprint objects in the procedure of identification. The proposed algorithm is not limited to the fingerprint image with the fingerprint core. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides a better performance in terms of matching accuracy when compared with the related works. The average accuracy is up to 96.67%. Moreover, the use of invariant moment of the ROI can avoid the leakage of fingerprint information and improve the security level of fingerprint recognition. Therefore, the proposed scheme is potentially used in many applications, such as smart fingerprint lock, intelligent community management information system, and automation control of home appliances.

Adoptive cellular immunotherapy (ACI) has been demonstrated to be a promising cancer therapeutic; however, the inefficient migration of adoptive immune cells to tumors is one of the rate-limiting factors of ACI. The present study investigated whether 2 Gy low dose irradiation (LDI) was able to increase the migration of adoptive lymphocytes to gastric cancer cells. Treatment with 2 Gy LDI resulted in marked chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) and CXCL10 production from gastric cancer cell lines. A Transwell chamber migration assay demonstrated enhanced transmigration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to gastric cancer cells following LDI treatment. After 2 Gy LDI application to established gastric carcinoma in nude mice, labeled immune cells were infused by intravenous injection and concentrated fluorescence signals were observed at the tumor sites within the mice, with a peak signal at 8-h LDI. Increased numbers of adoptive T cells at the tumor sites were also observed using flow cytometry. Furthermore, a case study of a patient with metastatic gastric cancer who had received ACI treatment combined with 2 Gy LDI provided further evidence that 2 Gy LDI is able to recruit antitumor effector T cells to tumor sites. Therefore, the ability of 2 Gy LDI to convert tumors into inflamed peripheral tissues may be exploited to overcome obstacles at the effector phase of the antitumor immune response and improve the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy.

With the rapid development of Internet, it brings a lot of conveniences. However, the data transmission and storage are faced with some security issues that seem to be obstacles to overcome, such as privacy protection and integrity authentication. In this paper, an efficient speech watermarking algorithm is proposed for content authentication and recovery in encrypted domain. The proposed system consists of speech encryption, watermark generation and embedding, content authentication and recovery. In the encryption process, chaotic and block cipher are combined to eliminate the positional correlation and conceal the statistical feature. In the watermark embedding process, approximation coefficients of integer wavelet transform are used to generate watermark and the detail coefficients are reserved to carry watermark. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme has high security and excellent inaudibility. Compared with previous works, the proposed scheme has strong ability to detect de-synchronization attacks and locate the corresponding tampered area without using synchronization codes. Meanwhile, the selective encryption will not influence the selective watermarking operation. Similarly, the operation of watermarking will not affect the decryption of the encrypted speech. Additionally, the tampered samples can be recovered without any auxiliary watermark information.

A facile and efficient procedure for the oxidative cleavage of oximes to their parent aldehydes and ketones by grinding with potassium permanganate-graphite at room temperature under solvent-free conditions in the yields between 80 and 94% is described. All reactions are complete in 5 min.

In order to reach a balance between robustness, imperceptibility, and data payload, a novel blind audio watermarking scheme is proposed using the norm ratio of approximate coefficients in discrete wavelet domain (DWT). A chaotic sequence generated by Tent map is used to encrypt the watermark image and enhance the security of watermarking system. Firstly the original audio signal is segmented into non-overlapping frames and DWT is applied to each frame. Then, the approximate components are divided into two parts, and the norm ratio is calculated and modulated to embed the watermarks. Finally, the approximate components are scaled by optimizing the quality of the watermarked audio. Experimental results indicate that the proposed watermarking scheme is robust against different common attacks, such as noise addition, resampling, re-quantization, MP3 compression and amplitude scaling. The comparison analysis shows that the proposed scheme has high data payload and provides superior performance compared to the state-of-the-art watermarking schemes.

Spontaneous urticaria (SU) is characterized by immune deregulation of mast cells and T helper (Th) cells. Th9 cells, a subset of Th cells, serve a key role in initiating mast cell accumulation and activation. To understand the role of Th9 cells in the pathogenesis of SU, the authors conducted a control study of 28 patients with acute SU (ASU) and chronic SU (CSU) and 28 healthy controls. The percentage of Th9 cells in peripheral blood was assessed using flow cytometry and levels of Th9 related serum cytokines including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-9, IL-17A, IL-33, IL-1β and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) using Luminex 200. ASU patients exhibited higher percentages of Th9 cells and increased serum levels of cytokines IL-9, IL-4 and TGF-β1 compared to healthy controls. In addition, high mRNA expression of the PU.1 transcription factor was observed in ASU patients. However, the percentage of Th9 cells was similar between patients with CSU and healthy controls. Furthermore, the percentage of Th9 cells demonstrated a positive correlation with IL-4 and IL-9 levels in the peripheral blood of ASU patients, but not with disease severity. The current findings suggested that the numbers of Th9 cells increased in ASU patients and indicated its novel role in the pathogenesis of ASU.

In this paper, the evolutions of two kinds of witnesses of the non-Markovianity and their rates of changes with time are investigated and compared. Four definitions, the trace distance, fidelity, quantum relative entropy, and quantum Fisher information are used for the first kind of witnesses which are based on the completely positive maps (CPM). Three definitions, the quantum entanglement, quantum mutual information, and quantum discord are used for the second kind of witnesses, and they are based on the local completely positive maps (LCPM). An open two-level quantum system model and a numerically quantum dissipative dynamics method, hierarchy equation of motion (HEM) are used in the investigations. It is shown that the evolutions of the witnesses and their rates of the changes calculated with different definitions clearly show the characteristics of the non-Markovianity and they are in agreement with each other.

Chinese herbal medicine ultrafine powder has become a research hotspot for the addition of cosmetic raw materials. Dendrobium candidum is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Its extract and stem extract are already cosmetic raw materials and its water extract has the effect of preventing photoaging,but D. candidum ultrafine powder has not been accepted as a raw material for cosmetics,and no relevant research on photoaging prevention has been reported. In this experiment,the ultra-fine powder and fine powder of D. candidum to prevent photoaging were observed and compared,and its mechanism of action was discussed to provide a basis for the prevention of skin photoaging products. Seventy-two female ICR mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,solvent group,titanium dioxide(Ti O2) group,isooctyl salicylate(2-ES) group,D. candidum ultrafine powder 1(DP1),ultrafine powder 2(DP2) and fine powder(DP3) groups. The photoaging model was established by ultraviolet irradiation for 8 weeks,and the model was intervened while modeling. The skin wrinkle grade,elastic parameters,skin microcirculation blood flow,skin structure and pathological changes(skin thickness,skin collagen fiber,elastic fiber) were observed,the skin transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),Smad3 levels were determined,and the type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen,matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1),activated protein-1(AP-1),VEGF expression were detected. The results showed that ultrafine powder(DP1,DP2) significantly reduced the wrinkle level and skin blood flow of the model mice(P0. 05,P0. 01); DP1,DP2 and DP3 could significantly reduce the thickness of the epidermis(P0. 001),improve collagen fiber,elastic fiber hyperplasia,and distortion and decrease VEGF expression,and DP1 is better than DP2 and DP3; each group could up-regulate type Ⅰ collagen,down-regulate type Ⅲ collagen,AP-1,MMP-1 protein expression,and DP1 improvement optimal. However,it has no obvious effect on TGF-β1 and Smad3. The ultrafine powder and fine powder of D. candidum have certain preventive effect on photoaging,and the effect of ultrafine powder is better than that of fine powder. Ultrafine powder may down-regulate the expression of type Ⅲ collagen,AP-1 and MMP-1 by up-regulating type Ⅰ collagen. Inhibition of collagen degradation plays a role in preventing photoaging.

Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a birth defect in which the corpus callosum is either partially or completely missing. With recent advances in prenatal ultrasound, detection of ACC in obstetric practices is becoming more common. Etiologies of ACC include chromosome errors, genetic factors, prenatal infections, and other factors related to the prenatal environment. In an effort to elucidate more about the genetic influence in the pathogenesis of ACC, we identified, through whole-exome sequencing (WES), two gene mutations in two families with complete agenesis of the corpus callosum. These two mutations are located on chromosome X: one is a hemizygous missense mutation c.3746T>C (p. L1249P) in the gene mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12); the other one is a heterozygous missense mutation c.128+5G>C in gene ephrin B1 (EFNB1). Historically, early diagnosis of complete ACC during pregnancy has been difficult; however, WES has provided us with a creative avenue of diagnosis, combining identification of genetic mutations with prenatal imaging.

Background To observe the outcome of endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) with minor sphincterotomy (mEST) for periampullary diverticular papilla related to stone removal. Methods Patients with confirmed periampullary diverticulum (PAD) during stone removal from May 2016 to April 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. The Chi-square test with Yates correction or Fisher's exact test was used for the analysis of categorical data and a normality test was applied for continuous data. Results A total of 154 consecutive patients (89 males and 65 females, aged 51-87 years) with confirmed PAD during stone removal were included in the study. Cases were divided into the conventional EST group (n = 79) and the mEST plus EPLBD group (n = 75). The number of patients with an initial treatment success was greater in the EPLBD+mEST group compared with the EST group (96% vs 86.1%, p=0.03) and the procedure time for EPLBD+mEST was shorter than that for EST alone (46.1±13.7 min vs 53.3±11.6 min, p=0.01). The rate of complications in the EPLBD+mEST group was lower than in the EST group (17.3% vs 32.9%, p=0.04). When PAD was >15 mm, the initial success rate was higher (92.6% vs 73.9%, p=0.04) and the rate of overall complications was lower (14.8% vs 41.7%, p=0.03) in the EPLBD+mEST group than those in the EST group. Although, this was similar when PAD was

Nephronectin (NPNT) is a novel extracellular matrix protein and a new ligand of integrin α8β1. Recent studies showed that NPNT is highly expressed in kidney, lung, thyroid, etc, and it may play an important role in many pathological conditions. NPNT is involved in the process of kidney development and acute kidney injury, regulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast, and induces the vasculogenesis in vitro. NPNT may play a key role in pathological osteoporosis and therefore be a new therapeutic target of bone diseases. NPNT gene variants are not only associated with lung function, but also potentially implicated in chronic airway diseases development. Moreover, NPNT is also an important factor that mediates pathology of cardiac, epidermis, breast, liver and teeth diseases. In this paper, we reviewed some research progresses on the structure, distribution, physiological and pathophysiological functions of NPNT.

Terminology facilitates consistent use and semantic integration of heterogeneous, multimodal data within and across domains. This paper presents TBench (Termilology Workbench) for multilingual terminology editing and development within a distributed environment. TBench is a web-service Java tool consisting of two main functionalities that are knowledge construction (i.e.extended model based on ISO25964, batch reusing and constructing multilingual concept hierarchy and relationships) and collaborative control in order to achieve custom extensions, reuse, multilingual alignment, integration and refactoring.

To facilitate experts to find relevant clinical information models, we took a case study of openEHR. We proposed to use a graphical model to represent EHR archetype sets, aiming to optimize clincal information retrieval performance. In this study, we applied our graphic model to 523 OpenEHR archetypes and represented them as a graph with 5,008 nodes and 6,908 edges, which consists of 3,982 term nodes, 504 concept nodes, and 523 archetype nodes. On basis of the graphical model, it improved the performance for retrieving the clinical queries.

As translated education resource plays an important role in healthcare providers' training and medical knowledge dissemination, we proposed a method to manage cross-lingual education resources with the goal of facilitating the medical education and physician training. We created an English-Chinese cancer knowledge base including bilingual description on cancer diagnosis, prevention, screening, treatments, etc. We developed a workflow to create the bilingual corpus, and applied it to six cancer monographs in PDQ (Physician Data Query).

The lipase from Aspergillus oryzae was modified with a surfactant and then observed to exhibit high catalytic efficiency and enantioselectivity for the kinetic resolution of (RS)-1-phenylethanol. The influential factors of the modified-lipase preparation were investigated, including the surfactant source, the organic cosolvent, and the buffer pH. The optimum modification conditions were found with a surfactant of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, an organic cosolvent of tetrahydrofuran and a phosphate buffer of pH 7.0. In the transesterification of (RS)-1-phenylethanol with vinyl acetate, the surfactant-modified lipase showed excellent enantioselectivity for the R-isomer (E > 200), giving an enantiomeric excess of higher than 99% for (R)-1-phenylethyl acetate at 46.8% conversion with the reaction time of 2 h at 30 °C. The enzymatic activity had barely altered after 30 days even at 50 °C when it was saved in a powdered state. The results indicated that the modification strategy was useful and highly efficient, and that modified A. oryzae lipase was a promising biocatalyst in the kinetic resolution of (RS)-1-phenylethanol.

To identify knowledge of combination therapy for chronic diseases, high-quality manually curated corpora are required. In this study, we describe the construction work of a corpus for chemical disease semantic extraction in Chinese (RCorp) from a collection of Chinese biomedical abstracts. During the RCorp corpus construction, we used domain-existing guidelines as references, and incorporated annotation tools to the standard annotation process. The resulting corpus consists of 339 Chinese biomedical articles with 2,367 annotated chemicals, 2,113 diseases, 237 symptoms, 164 chemical-induce-disease relations, 163 chemical-induce-symptom relations, and 805 chemical-treat-disease relations. RCorp gets an inter-annotator agreement score of 0.883 for chemical entities, 0.791 for disease entities which are measured by F score. And the F score for chemical-treat-disease relations gets 0.788 after unifying the entity mentions. The result analysis of the corpus proves the quality of the corpus for the combination therapy of chronic diseases knowledge discovery task.

To explore the effect of oxidative stress on periprosthetic osteolysis induced by TCP wear particles in mouse calvaria and its mechanism.Thirty-six male ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups (Compared with sham group, serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and osteolysis area were increased obviously in TCP group (Inhibition of oxidative stress can prevent periprosthetic osteolysis induced by TCP wear particles, which may be mediated by inactivation of PERK/eIF2α signaling pathway.

Table S1. Information on the artificial single-cell-like DNA samples. Table S2. Characteristics of the IVF-PGD couples involved in the study and their clinical outcomes. Table S3. Non-concordant positive results of blastocysts detected by NGS and array-CGH screening. Table S4. Abnormal karyotype in parents. Table S5 Karyotype of embryos. Figure S1. Representation samples of NGS results from chromosomally unbalanced embryos and patients with abnormal chromosome. (DOCX 881 kb)

Background Recent advances in semiconductor sequencing platform (SSP) have provided new methods for preimplantation genetic diagnosis/screening (PGD/S). The present study aimed to evaluate the applicability and efficiency of SSP in PGD/S. Methods The artificial positive single-cell-like DNAs and normal single-cell samples were chosen to test our semiconductor sequencing platform for preimplantation genetic diagnosis/screening (SSP-PGD/S) method with two widely used whole-genome amplification (WGA) kits. A total of 557 single blastomeres were collected from in vitro fertilization (IVF) couples, and their WGA products were processed and analyzed by our SSP-PGD/S method in comparison with array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH). Results Our SSP-PGD/S method indicated high compatibilities with two commercial WGA kits. For 557 single blastomeres, our method with four million reads in average could detect 24-chromosome aneuploidies as well as microdeletion/microduplication of the size over 4 Mb, providing 100% consistent conclusion with array-CGH method in the classification of whether it was transplantable. Conclusions Our studies suggested that SSP-PGD/S represents a valuable alternative to array-CGH and brought PGD/S into a new era of more rapid, accurate, and economic. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40246-018-0187-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

In order to establish the extraction technology of flavonoids from Dendrobium officinale leaves, a method combining Plackett–Burman design (PBD), steepest ascent design, and central composite design was developed to optimize the extraction of flavonoids. In addition, the tyrosinase activity inhibition of flavonoids was further tested in vitro. PBD results showed that ethanol concentration and number of extractions were key factors. Response surface methodology (RSM) indicated that the optimal extraction conditions were 78% ethanol concentration, six extraction times, 2 h, and 1:50 solid-liquid ratio. Under these conditions, the total flavonoid content could reach 35 mg/50 mL. In vitro tyrosinase experiment, the extracted total flavonoids had better inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity than β-arbutin, and its inhibition rate for monophenolase and diphenolase exceeded 100% and 70%, respectively. These results indicate that RSM can effectively improve the extraction of flavonoids from Dendrobium officinale leaves and the flavonoids have the prospect of being applied to foods and cosmetics.

The occurrence of size effects in the microforming leads to the uncertainties in process determination and quality control. In this research, a series of experiments were conducted in UTM4104 testing machine to investigate the grain size effect and feature size effect in micro-bending. Different grain size (d), thickness to grain size ratio () and micro-mold feature size (W) were prepared to explore size effects on formability of copper foil. The formability characterized by forming depth, deformation uniformity and surface integrity was discussed. It was found that the normalized forming depth presented a gradually rise and then declined markedly when N value further decreased to 0.79. The ductile fracture mode was observed for all grain-sized workpiece and the corresponding limit forming depth decreased with increasing grain size. Besides, the thickness thinning distribution and microhardness distribution showed the similar variation tendency like M. Both the standard deviation of thickness reduction and the roughed degree of surface topography indicated the worsening deformation uniformity of the foils with a larger grain size. The inhomogeneous plastic flow of material may be the reason to explain the depression near fracture location which is only observed in coarse-grained workpiece. Overall, it is concluded that the fine-grained copper exhibited better formability as the coarse-grained workpiece experienced severe strain incompatibility.

A variety of micro forming processes has been invented, and the size effects have become a research hotspot at home and abroad. Micro bending molds with different feature sizes were designed. Quasi-static tester loading and dynamic laser shock loading with soft punch for micro bending forming was studied by numerical simulation respectively based on ANSYS implicit analysis and LS-DYNA explicit analysis. The constitutive models of workpiece are bilinear kinematic hardening model and Johnson-cook model respectively. The effects of different loading conditions and feature sizes of the die on the forming depth, equivalent plastic strain and equivalent plastic strain rate were studied. The results of numerical simulation show that, with the increasing of feature size of the mold, the forming depth under two kinds of loading conditions shows a tendency to increase. In dynamic laser shock loading, the equivalent plastic strain and equivalent plastic strain rate of the key position of the bent part would decrease with the increasing of the feature size of the die. While in quasi-static loading, the opposite law is shown. The research shows that, the flexible micro-bending processes with different loading models showed similar size effect. However, compared with quasi-static loading, in dynamic loading, the strain of forming parts is more centralized, and there is a high strain rate and better formability of the workpiece.

The increase of soil-borne pathogens induced by phenolic acids that accumulate in continuous cropping soil reduces the yield and quality of crops. The aims of this study were to investigate (i) the biological control of Fusarium solani, in soil enriched with phenolic acids, by the inoculation of the endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambari, and (ii) the biocontrol mechanisms involved. Inoculation of P. liquidambari significantly inhibited the reproduction of F. solani. The prompt degradation of soil phenolic acids by P. liquidambari was determined, but no direct antagonism relationship was observed between P. liquidambari and F. solani, implying the alleviated stimulation of phenolic acids was a major factor in controlling F. solani. Moreover, the presence of glucose did not significantly impact the biocontrol function of P. liquidambari, and P. liquidambari inoculation significantly alleviated disease severity of peanut. Therefore, P. liquidambari could be an effective means to control F. solani in phenolic acids-rich continuous cropping soils.

A novel laser shock synchronous welding and forming method is introduced, which utilizes laser-induced shock waves to accelerate the flyer plate towards the base plate to achieve the joining of dissimilar metals and forming in a specific shape of mold. The samples were obtained with different laser energies and standoff distances. The surface morphology and roughness of the samples were greatly affected by the laser energy and standoff distances. Fittability was investigated to examine the forming accuracy. The results showed that the samples replicate the mold features well. Straight and wavy interfaces with un-bonded regions in the center were observed through metallographic analysis. Moreover, Energy Disperse Spectroscopy analysis was conducted on the welding interface, and the results indicated that a short-distance elemental diffusion emerged in the welding interface. The nanoindentation hardness of the welding regions was measured to evaluate the welding interface. In addition, the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method was employed to simulate the welding and forming process. It was shown that different standoff distances significantly affected the size of the welding regions and interface waveform characteristics. The numerical analysis results indicated that the opposite shear stress direction and effective plastic strain above a certain threshold are essential to successfully obtain welding and forming workpiece.

The diffusion of beryllium (Be) in pure synthetic forsterite (fo 100 ) and San Carlos olivine (fo 90 ) was studied between 950–1475 °C at atmospheric pressure, as a function of silica activity ( a SiO 2 ), crystallographic orientation, oxygen fugacity ( f O 2 , for diffusion in San Carlos olivine) and water fugacity ( f H 2 O, at 1.15 GPa pressure (P)). The diffusivity of Be in olivine is faster than that of Mg 2+ or Fe 2+ but slower than that of H + , and appears to be insensitive to a SiO 2 , f H 2 O and P, but is highly anisotropic, with diffusivities described by: [ 001 ] : log ⁡ D 0 = − 5.82 ( ± 0.15 ) , E a = 227.6 ( ± 4.1 ) kJ mol − 1 ; [ 010 ] : log ⁡ D 0 = − 4.64 ( ± 0.38 ) , E a = 285.8 ( ± 11.6 ) kJ mol − 1 ; [ 100 ] : log ⁡ D 0 = − 4.20 ( ± 0.27 ) , E a = 326.1 ( ± 7.9 ) kJ mol − 1 . Diffusion of Be 2+ in natural San Carlos olivine was determined at 1160 to 1350 °C and was found to be similar to that in forsterite. The exception was one experiment in natural olivine in relatively oxidising conditions, where diffusion was slightly faster than its lower f O 2 or pure forsterite counterparts. The equilibrium solubility of Be in forsterite in equilibrium with BeO (bromellite) and MgO (periclase) is lower than when in equilibrium with BeO and Mg 2 Si 2 O 6 ((proto)enstatite). This shows that Be 2+ substitutes into olivine forming a defect with the stoichiometry Be 2 SiO 4 . The sensitivity of Be diffusion in olivine to only temperature and crystal orientation means that only these two factors need to be known to extract timescales from natural diffusion profiles (our preliminary experiments show that the dependence of diffusion on f O 2 is minor or negligible in geologically relevant conditions). This represents a considerable advantage over using diffusion profiles of other cations (e.g., Fe 2+ –Mg 2+ , Ni 2+ or Ca 2+ ), where all of the above mentioned variables must be constrained before accurate timescale determinations can be made. Two examples of the potential for using Be diffusion profiles to determine timescales in natural olivine xenocrysts are presented.

A novel laser dynamic flexible punching process is employed to fabricate micro-gears to address the difficulties in punch-to-die alignment in the conventional micro-punching process. In this process, induced shockwaves act as micro-punches and soft punch acts as the media to transmit pressure. The influences of laser intensity, foil thickness and grain size on dimensional accuracy and rollover diameter have been investigated experimentally. In addition, the changes in the hardness and elastic modulus of the workpiece after the laser shock effect are characterized by nano-indentation experiments. It is revealed that the dimensional accuracy is optimal when the laser intensity is 5.6 GW/cm2, but the laser intensity has little effect on the rollover diameter. Punched gears of thicker foils result in worse dimensional accuracy and larger rollover diameter. Foils annealed at 350 °C achieve the best punching accuracy but compromise with regard to the maximum rollover diameter. Furthermore, both the nano-hardness (9.92%) and elastic modulus (14.37%) are improved after the laser shock effect, as the evidence of an increase of surface strength and material stiffness. The proposed method, laser dynamic flexible punching, will potentially lead to new methods for micro-gears fabrication in the future.

The paleotopography of loess landform represents the initial surface before the evolution of the Aeolian depositional process. This paleotopography served as an indicator of the paleo-geography and erosion base that restrained the evolution of the current landform. In this case study, a landform-derived placement method involving electrical resistivity prospecting is proposed for paleotopography reconstruction. The method consists of extracting terrain feature knowledge and terrain feature-based paleotopography prospecting and reconstruction. The field experiment is validated and used in three typical loess landform areas in the Chinese Loess Plateau. These typical loess landforms include loess hill, loess ridge, and loess tableland. Terrain features considered include peaks, saddles, ridges, and gullies. The results show significant electrical resistivity difference between the paleotopography and loess strata. The electrical resistivity method could effectively detect the paleotopography and different loess layers. The reconstructed paleotopography using the feature-based method could effectively represent the morphology of the paleosurface compared to the result of the interpolation method. The reconstructed paleotopography also appears as a coincident terrain relief compared to modern topography; such a relief demonstrates significant landform inheritance between modern terrain and paleotopography. In the loess hill and ridge landform areas, the relative elevation difference of paleotopography is approximately 50 m whereas that of the modern terrain is roughly 150 m, indicating that the loess deposition process increased the topographic relief from paleotopography to modern terrain by approximately 100 m. Similar altitude of the paleotopographic peaks (roughly 10 m height difference) appears in the two nearby loess ridge and hill areas. The results indicate that paleo-geography of this area should be a landform of peneplain and almost a planation surface.