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Introduction: Post operative pain relief is desired goal after tonsillectomy, infiltration of local anesthetic with or without adjuvant can reduce post tonsillectomy pain. Objective: To compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy and side-effects of peritonsillar-infiltration of ropivacaine with or without dexmeditomidine. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients aged 4-14 years posted for tonsillectomy under GA were randomly assigned in two groups of 30 each. In group R: Inj. ropivacaine (0.5%) 0.2ml/kg and in group RD: Inj.ropivacaine (0.5%) 0.2 ml/kg + Inj. dexmeditomidine 1mcg/kg were infiltrated in peritonsillar fossa post tonsillectomy. Patient were monitored for post-operative pain using VAS score, CHEOPS score and Wong baker pain rating scale at 30 minute, 1hr, 2hr, 4hr, 10 hr, 16hr and 24hr, pain on deglutination, time to first analgesic requirement, total dose of analgesics requirement in 24 hr postoperatively, amount of bleeding and parent’s satisfaction score. Results: VAS score, CHEOPS and Wong baker pain rating scale were comparable in both the groups at 30 min, 1hr, 2hr (P >0.05) but it was significantly low in group RD as compared to group R at 4hr, 10hr, 16hr and 24hr (P Conclusion: We concluded, peritonsillar infiltration of ropivacaine with or without dexmeditomidine is effective method for post-tonsillectomy pain relief. Addition of dexmeditomidine was found to prolong duration, decrease analgesic requirement and improve parent’s satisfaction score. Keywords: Tonsillectomy, Visual analog score, CHEOPS, Wong baker pain rating scale, Ropivacaine and dexmeditomidine.

Introduction: It is important for parturient to have less pain and to ambulate early in order to prevent venous thrombosis and to facilitate child care. Transversusabdominis plane (TAP) block is a recent peripheral nerve block technique which is used for the lower abdominal wall surgical procedure. Materials and Methods: Study was carried out in 60 patients. Patients were randomly divided in two groups of 30 patients each by computer generated random no. method. After completion of caesarean section under spinal anesthesia, TAP block was given with 15 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine bilaterally in group Band with 15 ml of 0.25% ropivacaine bilaterally in group R. Pain severity was measured by Visual Analog Scale. Total dose and frequency of rescue analgesics required in 24 hours, effect on hemodynamic variables, side effects & complications if any were noted. Result: VAS score have significantly less in group R (PPP Conclusion: There has been growing interest in regional nerve block techniques in recent era with significant results on efficacy, as they decrease the requirement of supplemental analgesia. TAP block is a very effective technique with excellent efficacy after various abdominal surgeries including cesarean section. Keywords: TAP block, Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine.

An attempt is made to find out the structural and magnetic properties of Al3+ and Gd3+ doped nickel ferrite in this literature. The substitution of doping creates additional phases in the respective materials, which plays an important role in many technological applications due to their controlled physical properties. Over the substitution of Al3+ and Gd3+ in pure NiFe2O4 decrease in the saturation magnetization (Ms) and Curie temperature (Tc) of the nickel ferrite. Therefore, NiFe1.96Al0.02Gd0.02O4 nanoparticles were synthesized and investigated for their structural and magnetic properties considering a good candidate for high-frequency applications. NiFe1.96Al0.02Gd0.02O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by employing the sol-gel auto-combustion technique using glycine as a fuel. X-ray diffraction studies of NiFe1.96Al0.02Gd0.02O4 nanoparticles were carried out to study the structural parameter and phase purity. XRD pattern revealed the presence of Bragg’s reflections which belong to the cubic spinel structure. The crystallite size (t) was estimated using Debye-Scherrer’s formula and found to be 21.18 nm which is again determined by the Williamson-Hall method and found to be 20.69 nm following our expectations. The measurement of magnetic parameters was carried out by M–H plot which was recorded using pulse-field hysteresis loop tracer at room temperature. Using the M-H plots the values of saturation magnetization (Ms), remanence magnetization (Mr), and coercivity (Hc) were recorded as 34.59 emu/g, 12.14 emu/g, and 291 Oe respectively.

A Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) transceiver utilized for a single antenna FMCW radar in this research. However, the Transmitter (Tx) leakage is too hard in single antenna FMCW based on CMOS technology. To overcome this issue, a comprehensive leakage cancelling method was introduced in this research, which is able to withdraw the leakages produced by balanced structure, lossy substrate with extra area/power and antenna reflection. Power Divider (PD) passive device is used based on three-way transformer to divide the Differential Input Signal (DIS) to three input in three output orthogonal orders. Gilbert Mixer (GM) was used in proposed transceiver architecture instead of passive mixers to improve linearity and bandwidth at a low intermediate frequency. Neutralization capacitors with differential cascade amplifier was done in Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) to find gain and stability for receiver part. In this research, the GM based FMCW transceiver was implemented with 140 GHz bandwidth in 45nm CMOS technology. The experimental outcome showed that the GM-FMCW transceiver improved the performance of and compared to exiting transceiver designs.

Digital systems interfaced networks predominantly govern present day society. Authentication of an individual is of greater importance for security and protection of a robust network-based world. Biometric recognition is one of the interests for researchers to cater this need. Person identification based on voice recognition using mean clustering and medoid clustering approaches are implemented and analyzed here. The pre-emphasized speech signal acquired by microphone is subjected to silence removal and endpoint detection. The time series speech waveform thus obtained is subjected to MFCC and pitch computation. Three classes of c-means: Hard c-means, fuzzy c-means, and rough c- means algorithms are implemented and compared with three classes of medoid algorithms: hard c-medoid, fuzzy c-medoids, and rough c-medoid. The fuzzy c-medoid algorithm outperforms the other voice-recognition systems in terms of recognition accuracy.