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10 pags., 6 figs., Corneal stiffness plays a critical role in shaping the cornea with respect to intraocular pressure and physical interventions. However, it remains difficult to measure the mechanical properties noninvasively. Here, we report the first measurement of shear modulus in human corneas in vivo using optical coherence elastography (OCE) based on surface elastic waves. In a pilot study of 12 healthy subjects aged between 25 and 67, the Rayleigh-wave speed was 7.86 ± 0.75 m/s, corresponding to a shear modulus of 72 ± 14 kPa. Our data reveal two unexpected trends: no correlation was found between the wave speed and IOP between 13–18 mmHg, and shear modulus decreases with age (− 0.32 ± 0.17 m/s per decade). We propose that shear stiffness is governed by the interfibrillar matrix, whereas tensile strength is dominated by collagen fibrils. Rayleigh-wave OCE may prove useful for clinical diagnosis, refractive surgeries, and treatment monitoring., This study was supported by grants from National Institutes of Health (P41-EB015903, R01-EY025454) and National Science Foundation (CMMI-1562863).

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International audience; Le Cerema, qui accompagne les collectivités dans l'aménagement durable de leur territoire, étudie les solutions de rafraîchissement urbain et livre quelques clés de compréhension sur leur fonctionnement et leur efficacité.

The study aimed to reveal interesting insights on the effective use of Graphic Organizers (GOs) in the teaching of reading comprehension. It also intended to identify the metacognitive strategies frequently used by selected Grade 11 students using the Metacognitive Awareness Reading Strategy Inventory (MARSI) Version 1.0 by Mokhtari and Reichard (2002). This study used the experimental research design using quantitative approach with one group pre-test and post-test to determine the effectiveness of the GOs, paired samples t-test and independent samples t-test to check the significant differences in the results of the pre-test and post-test, as well as sex; while descriptive method was used for the results of MARSI. Findings of the study showed that the use of graphic organizers in enhancing the reading comprehension has a positive impact on the students, and that sex does not affect the reading comprehension scores of the respondents. The results of MARSI revealed that the most commonly used reading strategy is the Problem Solving Strategy (PROB). Both male and female respondents mostly use the Problem Solving Strategy (PROB) when reading. With this result, teachers are encouraged to consider utilizing graphic organizers in class. The students should also be given the opportunity to explore the other reading strategies that would help them enhance their comprehension skills through differentiated activities.

This action research was conducted to help students develop their vocabulary skills through parent-teacher collaboration and to help parents and teachers understand that collaboration is an important aspect that warrants enough attention. Thus, few studies have focused on parent-teacher collaboration to help students develop their vocabulary skills. This study applies Beck, McKeown, and Kucan’s (2013) three-tiered model of vocabulary to gauge the vocabulary level of the students. Moreover, the researchers used quasiexperimental research to test whether or not collaboration between teachers and parents is effective in improving the vocabulary skills of students. This study used pre-test and post-test to measure students’ vocabulary skills. A training matrix was developed by the researchers to be used for the monthlong duration of the experiment. In the matrix, the researchers employed vocabulary exercises during the experiment. The data gathered were statistically analyzed using SPSS. The results of the study are presented and discussed with reference to the aim of the study; (1) based on the computed mean of the pre- and post-tests, it was found out that there is an increase in the students’ level of performance in vocabulary. Moreover, (2) the results accepted the hypothesis that there is a significant difference before and after the exposure to parent-teacher collaboration. Lastly, (3) it is proposed that parent-teacher partnership shall be the next priority of the school Continuous Improvement Program (CIP) which will highlight communication skills primarily.

International audience; Evaluating the performance of sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) in a field context presents a number of methodological problems. For this reason, as a part of three French research projects focused on this type of evaluation, Matriochkas, Micromegas and Roulepur, a working group on methodological harmonisation was established in order to facilitate the inter-comparison of results between the projects and propose a methodological guideline for practitioners carrying out such evaluations. The guideline proposes an approach where performance is evaluated with respect to a service function that the SuDS aims to achieve, itself identified from local issues. Its first section presents the various service functions which may be assigned to these devices. Next, performance indicators are defined for a selection of the identified service functions, common within the French context and studied as a part of the three projects. Three categories of indicators are identified: hydrologic indicators (relative to water flows), pollutant indicators and socio-technical indicators. Examples of instrumentation and of the application of the proposed indicators drawn from the experience of the three projects are also presented.; L'évaluation in situ des performances des ouvrages de maîtrise à la source des eaux pluviales pose un grand nombre de questions d'ordre méthodologique. Ainsi, dans le cadre de trois projets de recherche français dédiés à ce type d'évaluation, Matriochkas, Micromegas et Roulépur, un groupe de travail sur l'harmonisation des méthodes a été constitué afin de faciliter l'inter-comparaison des résultats issus des projets, mais aussi de rédiger un guide méthodologique à destination des acteurs opérationnels pouvant être amenés à faire ce type d'étude. Ce guide propose une démarche où la performance est évaluée pour chaque fonction de service visée pour l'ouvrage, en réponse à des enjeux locaux. La première partie du guide détaille les fonctions de service pouvant être attendues de ce type d'ouvrage. Ensuite, des indicateurs de performance sont déclinés pour une sélection de fonctions de service couramment rencontrées dans le contexte français et qui ont pu être abordées au cours des projets. Ces indicateurs se regroupent en trois catégories : les indicateurs hydrologiques (relatifs aux flux d'eau), les indicateurs pollutifs (relatifs aux polluants) et les indicateurs sociotechniques. Le guide s'appuie sur des exemples issus des trois projets pour présenter des cas pratiques de dispositifs métrologiques et d'application des indicateurs proposés.

Evaluating the performance of sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) in a field context presents a number of methodological problems. For this reason, as a part of three French research projects focused on this type of evaluation, Matriochkas, Micromegas and Roulepur, a working group on methodological harmonisation was established in order to facilitate the inter-comparison of results between the projects and propose a methodological guideline for practitioners carrying out such evaluations. The guideline proposes an approach where performance is evaluated with respect to a service function that the SuDS aims to achieve, itself identified from local issues. Its first section presents the various service functions which may be assigned to these devices. Next, performance indicators are defined for a selection of the identified service functions, common within the French context and studied as a part of the three projects. Three categories of indicators are identified: hydrologic indicators (relative to water flows), pollutant indicators and socio-technical indicators. Examples of instrumentation and of the application of the proposed indicators drawn from the experience of the three projects are also presented., L'évaluation in situ des performances des ouvrages de maîtrise à la source des eaux pluviales pose un grand nombre de questions d'ordre méthodologique. Ainsi, dans le cadre de trois projets de recherche français dédiés à ce type d'évaluation, Matriochkas, Micromegas et Roulépur, un groupe de travail sur l'harmonisation des méthodes a été constitué afin de faciliter l'inter-comparaison des résultats issus des projets, mais aussi de rédiger un guide méthodologique à destination des acteurs opérationnels pouvant être amenés à faire ce type d'étude. Ce guide propose une démarche où la performance est évaluée pour chaque fonction de service visée pour l'ouvrage, en réponse à des enjeux locaux. La première partie du guide détaille les fonctions de service pouvant être attendues de ce type d'ouvrage. Ensuite, des indicateurs de performance sont déclinés pour une sélection de fonctions de service couramment rencontrées dans le contexte français et qui ont pu être abordées au cours des projets. Ces indicateurs se regroupent en trois catégories : les indicateurs hydrologiques (relatifs aux flux d'eau), les indicateurs pollutifs (relatifs aux polluants) et les indicateurs sociotechniques. Le guide s'appuie sur des exemples issus des trois projets pour présenter des cas pratiques de dispositifs métrologiques et d'application des indicateurs proposés.

The pooling of results from three French projects (Matriochkas, MicroMégas and Roulépur), within the framework of a working group on methodological harmonisation, makes it possible to analyse the performance of a wide range of stormwater control measures (SCMs) in terms of micropollutant load reduction. Data covers 12 management systems, in 9 different urban contexts. The results highlight the diversity of runoff contamination levels and of their distribution between dissolved and particulate phases. They show significant reductions in particulate pollutants for all filtration-based systems, and less for those that only allow sedimentation. Performance is more limited for the dissolved phase, for which concentration reduction is limited and significant load reductions are only achieved due to a reduction in runoff volumes in structures promoting evapotranspiration., La mise en commun de résultats issus des projets français Matriochkas, MicroMégas et Roulépur, dans le cadre d'un groupe de travail d'échanges et d'harmonisation méthodologiques, permet d'analyser l'efficacité de la gestion alternative des eaux pluviales en termes de réduction des flux de micropolluants, pour 12 dispositifs de gestion et 9 contextes urbains différents. Les résultats soulignent la diversité des niveaux de contamination des eaux de ruissellement, et de leur distribution entre phases dissoutes et particulaires. Ils démontrent des abattements importants des polluants particulaires pour l'ensemble des systèmes basés sur la filtration, et moindre pour ceux ne permettant que la sédimentation. Les performances sont plus limitées pour les concentrations dissoutes, de sorte que seul un abattement des volumes de ruissellement, dans les ouvrages favorisant l'évapotranspiration, permet une réduction significative des flux de micropolluants dissous

Novatech 2019, LYON, FRANCE, 01-/07/2019 - 05/07/2019; The pooling of results from three French projects (Matriochkas, MicroMégas and Roulépur), within the framework of a working group on methodological harmonisation, makes it possible to analyse the performance of a wide range of stormwater control measures (SCMs) in terms of micropollutant load reduction. Data covers 12 management systems, in 9 different urban contexts. The results highlight the diversity of runoff contamination levels and of their distribution between dissolved and particulate phases. They show significant reductions in particulate pollutants for all filtration-based systems, and less for those that only allow sedimentation. Performance is more limited for the dissolved phase, for which concentration reduction is limited and significant load reductions are only achieved due to a reduction in runoff volumes in structures promoting evapotranspiration.; La mise en commun de résultats issus des projets français Matriochkas, MicroMégas et Roulépur, dans le cadre d'un groupe de travail d'échanges et d'harmonisation méthodologiques, permet d'analyser l'efficacité de la gestion alternative des eaux pluviales en termes de réduction des flux de micropolluants, pour 12 dispositifs de gestion et 9 contextes urbains différents. Les résultats soulignent la diversité des niveaux de contamination des eaux de ruissellement, et de leur distribution entre phases dissoutes et particulaires. Ils démontrent des abattements importants des polluants particulaires pour l'ensemble des systèmes basés sur la filtration, et moindre pour ceux ne permettant que la sédimentation. Les performances sont plus limitées pour les concentrations dissoutes, de sorte que seul un abattement des volumes de ruissellement, dans les ouvrages favorisant l'évapotranspiration, permet une réduction significative des flux de micropolluants dissous

Novatech 2019, LYON, FRANCE, 01-/07/2019 - 05/07/2019; Evaluating the performance of sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) in a field context presents a number of methodological problems. For this reason, as a part of three French research projects focused on this type of evaluation, Matriochkas, Micromegas and Roulepur, a working group on methodological harmonisation was established in order to facilitate the inter-comparison of results between the projects and propose a methodological guideline for practitioners carrying out such evaluations. The guideline proposes an approach where performance is evaluated with respect to a service function that the SuDS aims to achieve, itself identified from local issues. Its first section presents the various service functions which may be assigned to these devices. Next, performance indicators are defined for a selection of the identified service functions, common within the French context and studied as a part of the three projects. Three categories of indicators are identified: hydrologic indicators (relative to water flows), pollutant indicators and socio-technical indicators. Examples of instrumentation and of the application of the proposed indicators drawn from the experience of the three projects are also presented.; L'évaluation in situ des performances des ouvrages de maîtrise à la source des eaux pluviales pose un grand nombre de questions d'ordre méthodologique. Ainsi, dans le cadre de trois projets de recherche français dédiés à ce type d'évaluation, Matriochkas, Micromegas et Roulépur, un groupe de travail sur l'harmonisation des méthodes a été constitué afin de faciliter l'inter-comparaison des résultats issus des projets, mais aussi de rédiger un guide méthodologique à destination des acteurs opérationnels pouvant être amenés à faire ce type d'étude. Ce guide propose une démarche où la performance est évaluée pour chaque fonction de service visée pour l'ouvrage, en réponse à des enjeux locaux. La première partie du guide détaille les fonctions de service pouvant être attendues de ce type d'ouvrage. Ensuite, des indicateurs de performance sont déclinés pour une sélection de fonctions de service couramment rencontrées dans le contexte français et qui ont pu être abordées au cours des projets. Ces indicateurs se regroupent en trois catégories: les indicateurs hydrologiques (relatifs aux flux d'eau), les indicateurs pollutifs (relatifs aux polluants) et les indicateurs sociotechniques. Le guide s'appuie sur des exemples issus des trois projets pour présenter des cas pratiques de dispositifs métrologiques et d'application des indicateurs proposés.

EGU'19, European Geosciences Union General Assembly, Vienne, AUTRICHE, 07-/04/2019 - 12/04/2019; The rapid growth of urban areas, jointly with the effects of climate change, is the major challenge to face the transition towards sustainable cities. Climate change leads to substantial modifications of the water cycle in cities, increasing the frequency of intense precipitation, drought and heat wave events. The replacement of natural surfaces by dark and impervious ones is the main cause of Urban Heat Islands (UHI) phenomenon. UHIs are microclimates characterized by significant temperature differences between inner cities and the surrounding rural areas. Part of a solution to tackle this issue is the re-naturalization of cities through the installation of Blue Green Solutions (BGS), such as green roofs, favoring the evapotranspiration (ET) process and thus reducing the air temperature. To benefit BGS implementation, it is crucial to understand the thermo-hydric processes that govern them. For this purpose, the ET process of a 1 ha green roof implemented in front of the Ecole de Ponts ParisTech (France) called Blue Green Wave (BGW) was studied to determine its possible cooling effect to mitigate UHIs. Therefore, three methods were tested and compared to estimate ET: (i) the water balance during dry periods through the difference on the soil moisture content measured via a wireless sensors network, (ii) the absolute humidity measured by a dynamic transpiration chamber, and (iii) a scintillometer to assess the sensible heat flux, which allows to deduce the latent heat flux by computing the energy balance. The wireless sensors demonstrated to assess correctly ET trends over long time periods, while the dynamic chamber allows to identify more precisely the ET behavior during shorter periods of measurement due to a better resolution. Indeed, ET computed via the water budget appeared significantly high compared to the values estimated by the dynamic chamber, and without showing an obvious daily pattern. In addition, ET trends estimated by both scintillometer and transpiration chamber methods were very close, but the corresponding values suffered from a significant difference. The divergence in ET flux computed by the three methods can be caused by: (1) errors in the sensible heat flux estimated by the scintillometer, leading overestimations of the latent heat flux; (2) noisy data of soil water content, induced by the rainfall events and the local soil characteristics where the sensors are implemented, and (3) modifications of the atmospheric conditions within the transpiration chamber. More generally, ET appeared higher in spring season and during the first days of summer, when high temperatures were reached and soil water content was enough to support ET without inducing a deficit for plants. Conversely, despite significant temperatures at the end of summer, ET rate was lower due to the lack of water content in the soil. This suggests that during summer, when the UHI intensity is stronger and the cooling effects of the green roofs are needed, the ET potential could not be sufficient. To go further in the space-time characterization of ET flux, additional experiments and multi-fractal analysis will be carried out soon.

Introduction Depuis l’arrivee des antiviraux a action directe, la quasi-totalite des patients souffrant d’hepatite C chronique (VHC) peuvent etre gueris, mais leur risque de complications hepatiques et de maladies cardiovasculaires ou metaboliques reste plus eleve que dans la population generale. Dans ce contexte, il est important de pouvoir identifier les facteurs socio-comportementaux associes a la mortalite chez les patients VHC. Or, les etudes publiees a ce jour sont restreintes a des sous-populations specifiques (ex : patients co-infectes par le VIH) ou a l’analyse des facteurs de risque cliniques. Nous avons analyse l’effet des facteurs socio-comportementaux sur l’incidence de deces de cause hepatique et non hepatique, chez des patients VHC suivis sur une duree de cinq ans. Methodes La population d’etude etait composee des patients VHC participant a la cohorte prospective, multicentrique ANRS CO22 HEPATHER, ayant des donnees socio-comportementales et cliniques collectees lors d’une premiere visite d’inclusion et lors de visites de suivi annuelles pendant cinq ans. Les facteurs associes a la mortalite hepatique et non hepatique ont ete identifies a l’aide du modele de Fine et Gray en presence de risques competitifs. Les variables ont d’abord ete testees en analyse univariee et celles ayant une p-valeur inferieure a 0,20 (test de Wald) dans au moins l’une des deux analyses ont ete incluses dans l’analyse multivariee. Une selection descendante des variables a ete utilisee pour construire les modeles finaux avec un taux de significativite fixe a 5 % dans au moins l’une des deux analyses. Resultats La population d’etude (n = 10 420, 27 450 personnes-annees) etait composee de 55,9 % d’hommes et l’âge median etait de 56 ans (intervalle interquartile = [50-64] ans). A l’inclusion, 31,5 % des patients vivaient sous le seuil de pauvrete (niveau de vie du menage Conclusion A l’ere de la guerison de l’hepatite C, la precarite sociale, les antecedents de consommation excessive d’alcool et l’usage de tabac constituent des facteurs de risque socio-comportementaux de mortalite chez les patients avec hepatite C chronique.

International audience

In order to determine the relative importance of a vegetative filter strip and a biofiltration swale in a treatment train for road runoff, US EPA SWMM was used to model infiltration and runoff from the filter strip. The model consists of a series of subcatchments representing the road, the filter strip and the side slopes of the swale. Simulations were carried out for different rain scenarios representing a variety of climatic conditions. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was conducted for the model's different parameters (soil characteristics and initial humidity, roughness, geometry…). This exercise showed that for the system studied, the majority of road runoff is managed by the filter strip rather than the biofiltration swale, an effect observed especially during periods of low-intensity rainfall. Additionally, it was observed that the combination of infiltration of road runoff in the filter strip and direct rainfall on the system leads to a significant and variable dilution of the runoff reaching the swale. This result has important implications for evaluating the treatment efficiency of the system., Afin de déterminer l'importance relative d'une bande enherbée dans un ouvrage combiné bande enherbée-fossé de biofiltration de traitement des eaux de ruissellement de voirie, le ruissellement et l'infiltration au niveau de la bande enherbée ont été modélisés avec US EPA SWMM. Le modèle consiste en une série de sous-bassins versants représentant la route, la bande enherbée et le talus du fossé. Des simulations ont été menées pour différents scenarios de pluies représentant une variété de conditions climatiques et en menant une analyse de sensibilité sur les différents paramètres du modèle (nature du sol, humidité initiale, rugosité, géométrie…). Cet exercice a montré que pour le système étudié, la grande majorité de l'eau est gérée par la bande enherbée et non pas par le fossé de biofiltration dans lequel peu d'eau arrive, notamment quand l'intensité de la pluie est faible. De plus, il a été observé que la combinaison de l'infiltration de l'eau de voirie sur la bande enherbée et de l'apport en précipitation directe sur l'ouvrage conduit à une dilution significative et variable de l'eau atteignant le fossé. Ces résultats ont des implications importantes pour l'évaluation de l'efficacité épuratoire du système.

International audience

International audience

IWA 2018, World Water Congress and Exhibition , Tokyo, JAPON, 16-/09/2018 -; Stormwater control measures (SCM) are nowadays widespread and municipalities encourage their implementation in order to reduce runoff volumes and loads of micropollutants (MP), such as PAHs and metals. However, very few studies have highlighted their removal efficiency regarding less known MP such as pesticides, PBDEs, alkyphenols, etc. Several research projects in France were undertaken in order to better understand the capacity of SCMs to handle these emerging micropollutants and prescribe tools and guidelines to improve their design and construction. Three of these projects, MATRIOCHKAS (Nantes), MICROMEGAS (Lyon) and ROULÉPUR (Paris), decided to work together in order to cover the largest possible range of systems and contexts of use. The current paper presents the monitoring and sampling procedures for several different source control experimental sites across France.

Permeable car parks, as part of SuDS (Sustainable Drainage Systems), are developed for better management practice of urban stormwater. Even if lots of researches studied permeable pavements, none specifically studied green permeable pavement impact on urban water quantity and quality, or modelled its behaviour. In this study three types of experimental parking places (1 with gravels and 2 with vegetation) are monitored. The data obtained from a simulated rain event and a natural rain event, served to test and adapt a reservoir model, initially developed for green roofs. First calibration tests showed that permeable car parks (vegetalized or not) behaviour can be simulated with the reservoir model with a calculated water mass balance around ±15% for different conditions. However, the model needs to be improved to have better water mass balance results, and to be better adapted to green permeable car park.

International audience; Urban climate is becoming a real challenge for city planners and one of its main concerns is the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. The need to improve inhabitants comfort leads to cooling buildings which can have an impact on UHI and on the energy requirements of buildings. Cooling is attributed to the combined effect of evapotranspiration from soil and plants, shading by vegetation canopy, and thermal insulation by the substrate-drainage layers of the green-roof system (Jim and Peng, 2012). Vegetation can be considered as a renewable heat sink for cooling purposes. Because green roof (GR) is part of the building envelope, its capacity to dissipate energy through evapotranspiration can be a solution especially during summer season and heat waves. The assessment of the evapotranspiration (ET) rate due to GRs is important for the evaluation of the latent heat flux, part of the surface energy balance that influences the urban microclimate. The type of building, but also the vegetation species used, and the growing media are important factors to determine.

Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) have become a promising solution for increasing imperviousness by reducing water runoff volumes and flow rates, and improving water quality. However, the efficiency of these systems is dependent on soil hydraulic and physical properties, which in turn are spatially variable, however, this variability has been sparsely documented for urban areas, especially for road-side SuDS. In this study, the spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties, along with the uncertainty of these properties due to estimation methods, were investigated for three roadside SuDS in France (Paris region). Estimation methods were based on both in-situ infiltration tests and pedotransfer functions (PTFs). Results show high spatial variability in saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks (up to 160% coefficient of variation), which is dominant relative to uncertainties in PTFs predictions and those induced by experimental errors. Many specific factors might be responsible for this variability, especially in the urban context, such as construction techniques, CaCO3 precipitation, and vegetation development. In order to evaluate the effects of this variability on hydrological performance, a hydrological model of a bioretention cell was tested. Simulations revealed that peak flows and volumes are highly affected by the spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties, notably, vertical variability increases the overflow by 50%. The number of infiltration measurements required to evaluate a representative average Ks with an uncertainty of a factor of two or less was found to be four/eight, depending on the studied site. This study provides considerable insight into the spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties and its implications for hydrological performance of roadside SuDS, as it is based on a sound understanding of both theory and practice.

Marieke Pouf. – Si vole – vole un loiseau d’hors la cheminée buse c’est spiritus à la fillulique, Dieu Vous pitié och God !Marieke Crok. – Coutez ! (Elles écoutent.) La gebrul dans le mison !…On entend un certain tumulte.Marieke Vos. – Ce venir, oui ! et youp, les mariekes, musique ! Dans un article récent sur l’interaction des langues dans la littérature belge de l’entre-deux-guerres, Jean Weisgerber cite comme exemple a contrario cette scène en « franco-flamand de fantaisie », tirée de la M...

This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2018 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Honolulu, Hawaii, April 29 - May 3, 2018., Support NIH Grant 228599 P41, Marie Curie Actions

International audience

Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a minimally-invasive, high-speed, high resolution imaging modality, is becoming increasingly popular in the field of hearing research and otology. This review describes the history and state of the art of OCT for applications to understanding the mechanics of hearing and visualizing pathologies in the middle and inner ears. We will also discuss some of the recent developments that may accelerate the adoption of OCT to this field.

L’objectif était de déployer, au sein de notre établissement, des unités de prélèvement plus sécurisées pour réduire les accidents d’exposition au sang (AES) liés aux prélèvements sanguins, tout en optimisant le budget attribué aux dispositifs médicaux utilisés pour ceux-ci. L’analyse de ce budget, de 2003 à 2012, a montré une augmentation croissante du coût moyen de ce type de prélèvements, principalement liée à l’accroissement de l’utilisation des unités à ailettes pour ceux-ci. Dans les situations où cette utilisation était injustifiée, pour la stopper tout en maintenant la sécurité des prélèvements sanguins concernés, nous avons déployé des aiguilles droites avec visualisation du reflux veineux moins coûteuses que ces unités à ailettes. Dans les situations où l’utilisation de ces dernières était justifiée, nous avons pu les remplacer par leur modèle dernière génération, afin de mieux sécuriser nos prélèvements les plus à risque d’AES. Grâce à une approche en coût complet, nous avons donc introduit un matériel plus adapté à chaque situation de prélèvement sanguin. Enfin nous avons accompagné la mise en place de ces deux dispositifs médicaux d’une campagne de formation puis d’une évaluation des pratiques professionnelles. Entre 2013 et 2016 les pratiques de soins ont ainsi évolué positivement, la consommation des unités à ailettes ayant été réduite. Cette mise en place a été faite à budget constant, la baisse de la consommation des unités à ailettes ayant financé le surcoût lié à l’investissement dans leur modèle dernière génération.

Several ocular mechanisms and ocular pathologies are directly dependent on the mechanical properties of ocular tissue: failure in the corneal mechanical integrity in keratoconus, stiffening of the crystalline lens in presbyopia, increased intraocular pressure in glaucoma, scleral properties in myopia. However there is no tool to measure the inherent mechanical properties in the clinic, and most current knowledge today relies on measurements ex vivo. Light-based techniques (in combination with mechanical analysis) appear as the most promising techniques for probing and quantifying ocular mechanics in vivo. In this article we will present three techniques: air-puff corneal deformation imaging, phase-sensitive optical coherence elastography and Brillouin microscopy, and their potential to estimate ocular inherent mechanical properties and their modulation with light-based treatment (such as corneal cross-linking).

International audience; At the building scale, green roof has demonstrated a positive impact on urban runoff (decrease in the peak discharge and runoff volume). This work aims to study if similar impacts can be observed at basin scale. It is particularly focused on the possibility to solve some operational issues caused by storm water.For this purpose, a methodology has been proposed. It combines: a method to estimate the maximum roof area that can be covered by green roof, called green roofing potential, and an urban rainfall-runoff model able to simulate the hydrological behaviour of green roof.This methodology was applied to two urban catchments affected one by flooding and the other one by combined sewage overflow. The results show that green roof can reduce the frequency and the magnitude of such problems depending on the covered roof surface. Combined with other infrastructures, they represent an interesting solution for urban water management.

This thesis aims to study the place that occupied the medical electricity along the History, to know the usage modes and applications in dental surgery. The first part is a chronological historical approach of electrotherapy.The second part presents the therapeutical applications of the high frequency currents on the orofacial sphere. To this end, our study will be based on the example of a high frequency Violet Rays type machine, the « Rénovateur ».; Cette thèse a pour objet d’étudier la place de l’électricité médicale au cours de l’Histoire, d’en connaître les modalités d’usage et les applications en chirurgie dentaire. La première partie est une approche historique chronologique de l’électrothérapie. La deuxième partie présente les applications thérapeutiques des courants à haute fréquence au niveau la sphère oro-faciale. Pour cela, notre étude sera basée sur l’exemple d’un appareil à haute fréquence de type Violet Rays, le « Rénovateur ».

International audience

International audience