Search

To determine patterns of satiety responsiveness and its relationship to eating in the absence of hunger (EAH), in a cohort of adolescents. We also assessed whether sex, body mass index and duration of breastfeeding, during infancy, predicted satiety responsiveness and eating behavior at 16 years.Adolescents (n=576) from a longitudinal cohort, which began as an iron deficiency anemia preventive trial, participated in an unlimited breakfast after an overnight fast, and reported satiety response on a visual analog scale after the meal, followed by an EAH procedure. Height, weight and body composition were measured before breakfast. Latent profile analysis generated profiles that captured individual differences in satiety responsiveness. Multivariable regressions, adjusted for potential confounders, evaluated the association between: (1) satiety responsiveness and EAH, and (2) breastfeeding in infancy, satiety responsiveness and EAH in adolescence.Participants were on average 16.7-year old, 48% female, 37% overweight/obese and 76% were breastfed as the sole source of milk for6 months. We found three latent profiles of satiety responsiveness: 1: 'responsive' (49%); 2: 'not responsive' (41%); 3: 'still hungry' (10%). Participants in the 'not responsive' or 'still hungry' profile were more likely to eat during the EAH procedure (odds ratio (OR)=2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.8-3.6). Being breastfed for6 months was related to higher odds of being in the 'not responsive' or 'still hungry' profile (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.2-2.6) and EAH (OR=2.2, 95% CI=1.4-3.3). Satiety responsiveness was not influenced by sex and overweight/obesity.After an ad libitum meal, we found varied satiety responses, which related to EAH. Furthermore, shorter breastfeeding duration was associated with poorer satiety response and higher consumption during an EAH procedure. Understanding if breastfeeding influences the development of satiety responsiveness and eating behavior may be important in an era characterized by abundant calorie-dense foods and a plethora of environmental cues promoting consumption.

An adequate evaluation of nutritional status must consider weight for height (W/H) and also lean and fat body mass. The influence of environmental factors such as nutrition and physical activities upon lean and fat development is well known. A positive correlation between physical and nutrient intake with SEL has been described. We were interested in studying the influence of the socioeconomic level upon lean and fat body mass of schoolage children in different puberal stages with and without weight deficit. Fran a sample of 6234 schoolage children of both sexes, aged between 6 to 16 years, 3061 adolescents in II to V stage of puberal development were selected. Height for age (H/A), W/H, lean and fat arm mass (LAM and FAM) were evaluated according to NCHS tables; SEL according to Modified Graffar scale and breast and genital development according to Tanner stages. It was considered a normal body weight when W/H is between 90 to 110%, body weight deficit below 90% and body weight excess over 110%. There were differences in LAM and FAM according to SEL in early and late puberal stage in underweight boys. Overweight boys had differences in LAM according to SEL. Underweight girls had differences in LAM and FAM according to SEL, overweight girls had differences only in LAM according SEL. An increased percentage of lean mass in upper SEL either in over or underweight adolescents was found in both sexes. The possible etiologies of these results are discussed.