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At Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri on March 5, 1946, Winston Churchill delivered a speech, “The Sinews of Peace,” that gained renown for its reference to the “Iron Curtain.” 1 In it, the fo...

The article is devoted to the study of forms of realization of the right to rest in Ukraine and foreign countries. The opinions of modern scientists on the concept of realization of rights are considered. The necessity of using the terminology "form of the realization of the right to rest" instead of "types of a rest time" is substantiated. Forms of realization of legal norms, depending on the nature of their dispositions are researched and such types as fulfilment, execution and application are distinguished. The forms of realization of the right to rest according to Ukrainian legislation are defined. The various views of modern scholars on the list of forms of realization of workers' right to rest are analyzed and the necessity of declaring periods of daily rest of employees is demonstrated. The general rules concerning rest and meal breaks according to the Labour Code of Ukraine are analyzed and the need of detailed regulation of the specific time and duration of the rest and meal break by the state are clarified. Attention is drawn to the setting minimal duration of such a break, as in United Kingdom and France. It is emphasized on the existance of physiological breaks in legislation of a foreign country, which are important for maintaining high efficiency and a good health level of employees. Legislation of the Republic of Poland and United Kingdom concerning holidays and weekly rest days are investigated. The importance of defining the concept and duration of daily rest in the relevant section of the Labour Code of Ukraine, as proposed by the European Union legislation is shown. The scientific literature concerning establishment of a minimal duration of daily rest lasting twelve hours to ensure adequate rest for workers who work part-time or overtime is analized. The provisions of international regulations in this sphere are taken into account.

Anyone who has visited a science museum has seen the demonstration where a beach (or ping-pong) ball is suspended in mid-air at a fixed position by constant blowing from below. After a while, the ball inevitably tumbles to the ground but can easily be rebalanced, by hand, again at the suspension point. Here, we ask a different more delicate question. Can we blow the ball from rest, starting at the nozzle opening (x = 0), moving it up to the suspension point x = x* above the nozzle? We show that it is not possible to do this using constant blowing because the point at which the downward gravitational force balances the upward blowing force is an elliptic fixed point of the governing equations, so there is no transfer trajectory that connects the origin to x*. To overcome this problem, we design time-dependent blowing schedules that achieve the transfer, making use of orbit transfer ideas developed in the orbital mechanics literature. Then, we ask which of these time-dependent schedules are optimal? We show that, generally, it is bang–bang (on–off) blowing schedules that achieve the transfer in minimal time, using minimal energy (action) and minimal air volume. For certain parameter values, however, there are more complicated blowing schedules that are optimal (with respect to energy), which can be designed using the Pontryagin Maximum Principle (PMP) and singular control. We use elementary concepts from mechanics, nonlinear dynamics, and control theory and challenge the inclined experimentalist to try to implement some of these nonconstant blowing schedules in the lab.

BACKGROUND: In-flight breaks are used during augmented long-haul flight operations, allowing pilots a sleep opportunity. The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration duty and rest regulations restrict the pilot flying the landing to using the third rest break. It is unclear how effective these restrictions are on pilots ability to obtain sleep. We hypothesized there would be no difference in self-reported sleep, alertness, and fatigue between pilots taking the second vs. third rest breaks.METHODS: Pilots flying augmented operations in two U.S.-based commercial airlines were eligible for the study. Volunteers completed a survey at top-of-descent (TOD), including self-reported in-flight sleep duration, and Samn-Perelli fatigue and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale ratings. We compared the second to third rest break using noninferiority analysis. The influence of time of day (home-base time; HBT) was evaluated in 4-h blocks using repeated measures ANOVA.RESULTS: From 787 flights 500 pilots provided complete data. The second rest break was noninferior to the third break for self-reported sleep duration (1.5 0.7 h vs. 1.4 0.7 h), fatigue (2.0 1.0 vs. 2.9 1.3), and sleepiness (2.6 1.4 vs. 3.8 1.8) at TOD for landing pilots. Measures of sleep duration, fatigue, and sleepiness were influenced by HBT circadian time of day.DISCUSSION: We conclude that self-reported in-flight sleep, fatigue, and sleepiness from landing pilots taking the second in-flight rest break are equivalent to or better than pilots taking the third break. Our findings support providing pilots with choice in taking the second or third in-flight rest break during augmented operations.Gregory KB, Soriano-Smith RN, Lamp ACM, Hilditch CJ, Rempe MJ, Flynn-Evans EE, Belenky GL. Flight crew alertness and sleep relative to timing of in-flight rest periods in long-haul flights. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(2):8391.

This editorial is an ecopedagogical reading of a double special issue on environmental justice and education. Discussed is how the different scholars argued, in diverse and coinciding ways, how env...

This paper focuses on the design of robust control laws for a heterogeneous multi-agent system composed of omnidirectional and differential-drive mobile robots under the leader–follower scheme and considering the distance and orientation measurements. It is assume that the agent leader is an omnidirectional mobile robot moving freely in the plane while the rest of the agents are the followers. The control laws are designed by means of the Backstepping approach. It is proved that, although the control laws do not need information about the velocity of the leader, the followers will circumnavigate the leader. Numerical simulations and real-time experiments exhibit the performance of the proposed control strategy.

Environmental noise affects life and health within urban environments through interfering with sleep, rest, study and personal communication. Noise mapping is an important issue of local authorities but due to its requirements (staff, costs and frequency), the available data are limited or outdated. Our aim was to involve people with smartphones in the mapping process and to determine the accuracy of the measurements performed with these devices in a natural environment. The main questions were whether the measured data were dependent on the type of applied software and smartphones. We tested three software (Noise Watch, Noise Meter and Sound Level Meter) and 12 different smartphones. We evaluated the measurements with hypothesis testing and correlation analysis. Although the accuracy of smartphones was below the professional equipment, measurements can be conducted easily due to their availability; thus, a reliability analysis is important. We found that comparison between professional devices and smartphones in a laboratory was misleading as it lacks the environmental factors biasing the measurements. The best method to compare the measurements carried out with smartphones and professional Noise Meters was to use large number of measuring points in a heterogenic outdoor environment where the noise ranged from the low to large values. We revealed that both the applied software and smartphones have relevant effect on the measurements, and, although it is possible to use these devices for noise mapping, one should consider not to apply different software and smartphones. Accordingly, crowdsourcing is not a reliable data collection method because: (1) measurements should be supervised, (2) smartphones’ accuracy should be tested and (3) measurement circumstances should be the same. If any of these requirements are violated, the quality of the resulting maps can be questioned.

Not another leadership book I hear you scream, but rest assured this is much more than leadership, with the clue being in the book’s sub-title: ‘A Complexity Approach’. Within the complexity focus,...

This article examines the merchant and commodity networks of Trebizond as well as routes at the regional, interregional, and international levels that connected the city to Constantinople, the rest...

The Cold War did not only affect the USSR and the USA, since it also influenced the rest of the world, directly as well as indirectly. This conflict between West and East formed the second half of ...

RESUMEN: El texto defiende la necesidad de separación de las partes especial y general del derecho penal, así como la prioridad lógica de la primera sobre la segunda; tanto la separación entre ambas partes como la prioridad de la parte especial descansan en argumentos de tipo funcional. Su objeto es despejar el camino para una sistematización de la parte especial del derecho penal ajena a la teoría general del delito.

The bedridden and physically disabled person is unable to move from their bed and they need a caretaker to take care of them or to assist them in this work. They are in the situation of spending more money on the caretaker. Thus, a design solution is proposed to help bedridden patients in their defecation activities. This design helps people, by giving them ease to pass their excreta by sitting on a specially designed bed. The control of the machine lies with the person lying on the bed. On switching ON the machine, the headrest rises and the leg rest lowers. This gives a sitting comfortable position for the patient to carry out the defecation. Along with that movement, the door on the bed opens and the basin set-up fixed under the cot moves sideward till it covers the bed opening. After the completion of the process, the person confirms and makes the next move by pressing the actuation button. When it is pressed, the flush is done and the waste is then transferred to the outlet which is connected to the toilet drainage. The machine has an inlet where the water supply enters the basin. After the flushing of the toilet, a forced water supply from the machine sprays the water to clean the patient’s back. The whole mechanisms are to be controlled by an Arduino controller board and limit switches.

Contrary to popular belief, negative feedback occasionally hinders performance improvements. Investigations targeting this feedback-performance gap usually rest on two assumptions: (a) Feedback recipients want to improve their performance (have an improvement goal), and (b) feedback recipients engage with the negative feedback. We argue that people sometimes disengage from negative feedback for hedonic-goal attainment (to feel good). To explain such functional feedback disengagement, we conceptualize feedback processing from an emotion-regulation perspective, the model of motivated feedback disengagement. We posit that feedback-induced negative affect may render hedonic goals more salient than improvement goals, motivating emotion regulation. After forming the intention to regulate their emotions, feedback recipients select and implement an emotion-regulation strategy. We consider two common engagement strategies (reappraisal and feedback focus) and two common disengagement strategies (distraction and feedback removal). These strategies differentially impact recipients’ affect and feedback processing. Strategy-, person-, and situation-related factors influence strategy choice. Feedback processing is cyclical and dynamically unfolds over time. The model provides novel directions for future investigations and practical implications for stakeholders in negative-feedback contexts.

The article is dedicated to the memory of Aleksandr Petrovich Bychkov, an Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, Honorary Citizen of Tomsk, Honored Professor of Tomsk State University (TSU). In the first 10 years of service at Tomsk State University, Bychkov made a career from an assistant professor to a university rector, heading TSU in 1967 and leaving this post 16 years later, in 1983. Defending his doctoral dissertation in 1966, Bychkov became the first Doctor of Economics in Tomsk after the Revolution and was elected head of the Department of Political Economy at TSU. Understanding the importance and necessity of developing economic education in Siberia, Bychkov made great efforts to open a new specialty – political economy – at TSU. On Bychkov’s initiative, an economic laboratory was opened at TSU. In 1969, the Academic Council for the defense of candidate and doctoral dissertations in economic, philosophical, and legal sciences was opened at Tomsk State University, and Bychkov became the chairman of the council. In fact, TSU became a basic university in the formation of scientific, methodological, organizational, and informational work in the field of economic education in entire Western and Eastern Siberia. Bychkov’s main areas of research were property relations, the economic foundations of federalism in Russia. In the economic literature at that time there were lively discussions on the effectiveness of management, material incentives and planning in the socialist economy. There were not only discussions, but also numerous reforms and reorganizations in the economic life of the country, which affected the development of the economy, had an impact on the quality of the social life of society, on the development of science and education. The initiated reform was the development of an initiative to improve economic activity at enterprises through the active involvement of scientific and educational institutions. Along with scientific, educational and methodological work, he organized social and educational work to disseminate knowledge, increase economic literacy among the population of the region. In 1974 Bychkov headed the Socioeconomic Problems of the Development of Siberia and the Far East Problem Council of the Ministry of Higher Education of the RSFS. In the 1970s–1980s he headed the West Siberian sector for organizing students’ research work. The article discusses the main milestones in the life of Aleksandr Bychkov. The significance of his methodological and leadership activities related to the formation and development of economic education in Tomsk and in Siberia in general is investigated; the directions of scientific activity are analyzed; the role in the formation of his own scientific school and the relationship of the investigated problems with the contemporary urgent tasks of economic science and education in Russia are shown. The entire period of Bychkov’s work in Tomsk as an associate professor, professor, head of department and rector of Tomsk State University can be considered a period of the formation, growth and qualitative development of economic education and science not only at TSU, but throughout Siberia. Today, a large number of his students and followers head departments of the economic profile and institutes of almost all Siberian universities.

The commonly accepted view is that the Universe is currently in the dark energy dominance era (estimated to start about 5 billion years ago)—the era where yet unknown dark energy dominates over the gravitation and is responsible for the observed acceleration of the Universe expansion. In the present paper, we consider a “gas” of a large number of gravitating neutral nonrelativistic particles having a practically infinite lifetime and zero or very little interaction with the rest of the matter (neutrinos could be an example). One of the central points is the application of Dirac’s Generalized Hamiltonian Dynamics to pairs of these particles. Another central point is the application of the virial theorem to pairs of zero total energy. We demonstrate that as a result, the gravitational interaction within the entire system effectively decreases. Together with the observational fact of the Universe rotation (according to Shamir’s study of 2020), this model provides a possible explanation of the entire history of the Universe expansion: both the era of the decelerating expansion and the current era of the accelerated expansion.

When, how, and why did the Black Death reach Europe? Historians have relied on Gabriele de’ Mussi’s account of Tatars catapulting plague-infested bodies into the besieged city of Caffa on ...

La economía colaborativa sigue expandiéndose en el sector turístico. Aunque ya existía desde hace tiempo, la oferta de actividades turísticas en este ámbito está adquiriendo una mayor relevancia debido a la irrupción de Airbnb. En este artículo aportamos información detallada del tipo de actividades turísticas que se oferta, se compara con las actividades existentes en dos plataformas de actividades profesionales, y se analizan los proveedores teniendo en cuenta lo que la literatura de la economía colaborativa establece al respecto. Se descargaron los datos de Airbnb de cuatro comunidades autónomas españolas y se analizaron de manera cuantitativa y cualitativa. Los resultados reflejan que la economía colaborativa y la economía tradicional comparten similitudes en su oferta de actividades turísticas, a la vez que también presentan diferencias. Una buena parte de sus proveedores no tiene el perfil que tradicionalmente se les ha atribuido en la literatura sobre le economía colaborativa. A su vez, los responsables de la gestión de los destinos turísticos pueden estar tranquilos en lo referido a la percepción de sus visitantes, dado el alto nivel de satisfacción que muestran los mismos. The sharing economy continues to grow inside the tourism industry. Although sharing tours and activities have been being offered now for quite some time, Airbnb has produced major changes in what is on offer. This articles compares what is on offer with the activities detailed in two webs of major professional suppliers to go on to contrast the suppliers’ characteristics with the theory of the sharing economy as re‐ flected in the literature available. AirBnB tours and activities were downloaded for four regions in Spain and analysed qualitatively and quantitatively allowing us to identify the “shared” activities with the traditional tourism economy and the differences. The conclusion reached is that most “sharing economy” suppliers do not fit the profile generally attributed to the same in the literature, while managers of DMOs can rest at ease with visitor perception since such is highly satisfied with the experiences and activities on offer.

The excursion by individuals towards a world, where the correspondences between people and PC is accomplished through the movements or activities done by the people. It is occurring at a higher rate than anticipated. In a significant number of the fields, where human pictures are utilized as an order to a PC, hand involves just a fourth of the territory in the picture while the rest of the region is loaded up with the body and the earth encompassing the object of the intrigue. Restriction of the hand which is required for the order is difficult to use in such conditions. Our thought in this paper is to make a framework with the assistance of convolutional neural systems that can separate the hand signals provided as an order by the client, with no pre-preparing methods.

The relationship between of individual typological characteristics and dynamics of the EEG rhythms was studied in human operators challenged by deviations in the work/rest cycle during 21-d isolation and confinement. Comparison of records made prior to and immediately after isolation showed that the relative power value (RPV) dynamics of the alpha-rhythm was dependent solely on parameters of the individual typological brain activity. Unlike RPV of delta, RPV of theta was unambiguously responsive to the experimental stresses, i.e. shift work in the conditions of 21-d isolation and confinement.

Among the factors limiting the use of sliding seal actuators in robotic positioning systems, the main ones are two the compressibility of the working fluid (air or liquid) and friction. This article discusses the problem of choosing a friction model for solving problems of controlling positional systems, primarily with a pneumatic drive based on a digital twin – a detailed mathematical model. Friction is usually described as the process of mechanical interaction of touching bodies at their relative displacement in the plane of contact (external friction), or at the relative displacement of parallel layers of a liquid, gas, or deformable solid (internal friction, or viscosity). In most cases, friction is a useful phenomenon, making many common things possible, such as walking and braking on a car. On the other hand, friction can also cause undesirable consequences. For example, for high-precision mechanical systems, friction can degrade the overall performance of the system. The influence of friction is manifested by undesirable effects in the form of limit cycles, deviations in movement from a given trajectory, a decrease in positioning accuracy, etc. As one of the models a rather complex dynamic model of friction – the LuGre model was analyzed, which is widely used in many works. However, the authors stopped in this case with the simpler Karnopp model, which has the advantage of describing the interaction with the friction forces in the processes of transition from a state of rest to motion and vice versa. A general approach to the study of the dynamics and accuracy of the positional system is proposed, based on the use of a rationalized dimensionless mathematical model of the drive. Several numerical experiments were carried out on the obtained model, considering friction forces. Numerical experiments are shown in graphs.

A general operational protocol which provides permanent macroscopic coherence of the response of any stable complex system put in an ever-changing environment is proposed. It turns out that the coherent response consists of two parts: 1) a specific discrete pattern, called by the author homeostatic one, whose characteristics are robust to the statistics of the environment; 2) the rest part of the response forms a stationary homogeneous process whose coarse-grained structure obeys universal distribution which turns out to be scale-invariant. It is demonstrated that, for relatively short time series, a measurement, viewed as a solitary operation of coarse-graining, superimposed on the universal distribution results in a rich variety of behaviors ranging from periodic-like to stochastic-like, to a sequences of irregular fractal-like objects and sequences of random-like events. The relevance of the Central Limit theorem applies to the latter case. Yet, its application is still an approximation which holds for relatively short time series and for specific low resolution of the measurement equipment. It is proven that the asymptotic behavior in each and every of the above cases is provided by the recently proven decomposition theorem.

Science has shown that Black people in the United States sleep more poorly than any other racial group. Relatedly, contradictory racial myths that depict Black people as simultaneously indolent and super-industrious persist in contemporary discourse. Confronting a culture that celebrates endurance over rest, this paper attends to works of art that visualize or create conditions for Black sleep, thereby resisting its biopolitical regulation and the lethal expectation of perpetual industry. This essay speculates about how visual representations of Black sleep can constitute quiet gestures that enact fugitivity and provide reparation for racial time—in part through the reclamation of interiority. Although sleep is a decidedly solitary act, this paper highlights artistic projects bound by an ethos of collectivity, arguing that the project of transforming the social and political conditions that reproduce Black sleeplessness cannot be pursued in isolation.

The article deals with the problem of translation of some Sanskrit, English and German philosophical terms found in the article of Austrian indologist G. Ober­hammer “The Forgotten Secret of Human Love. An Attempt of an Approach”, which is devoted to the phenomenon of human love in India of the ancient and medieval period in such texts as Kāmasūtra of Vātsyāyana, Sātvatasaṃhitā, Nyāyabhāṣya of Pakṣilasvāmin, Śaraṇāgatigadya of Rāmānuja, etc. (translation of the article is attached below). At the beginning of the article, brief information on Oberhammer and the study of his creative heritage in Russia is provided. In particular, such Sanskrit terms as “śṛṅgāra” (erotic mood), “kāma” (sexual de­sire), the English term “rest”, the German “Rest” are considered. The author poses the following questions: is it possible to translate the word “kāma” as “love”, “śṛṅgāra” (erotische Stimmungen) – as erotic mood, whether to translate the Eng­lish “rest” as “peace”, or as “remainder”: and replies that, basing on contextual use, for “kāma” it is better to use the translation “desire” (“sexual desire”) or leave the Sanskrit term as it is, as Oberhammer does for the most part, “erotic mood”, to be more precise, means “erotic feeling”, not “mood” and the English “rest” clearly means “the remainder”, more specifically – the abandonment of oneself to God. The author concludes that for the correct translation of English terms in articles devoted to Indological problems, it is necessary to refer directly to Sanskrit terms, in the case of translated articles, we must also check the text against the original language, and for translation of Sanskrit terms we should use specialized dictionaries, referring to cases of contextual use of that terms.

During wakeful rest, individuals make small eye movements during fixation. We examined how these endogenously driven oculomotor patterns impact topography and topology of functional brain networks. We used a dataset consisting of eyes-open resting-state (RS) fMRI data with simultaneous eye tracking. The eye-tracking data indicated minor movements during rest, which correlated modestly with RS BOLD data. However, eye-tracking data correlated well with echo-planar imaging time series sampled from the area of the eye-orbit (EO-EPI), which is a signal previously used to identify eye movements during exogenous saccades and movie viewing. Further analyses showed that EO-EPI data were correlated with activity in an extensive motor and sensorimotor network, including components of the dorsal attention network and the frontal eye fields. Partialling out variance related to EO-EPI from RS data reduced connectivity, primarily between sensorimotor and visual areas. It also produced networks with higher modularity, lower mean connectivity strength, and lower mean clustering coefficient. Our results highlight new aspects of endogenous eye movement control during wakeful rest. They show that oculomotor-related contributions form an important component of RS network topology, and that those should be considered in interpreting differences in network structure between populations or as a function of different experimental conditions., Author Summary We studied how subtle eye movements made during fixation, in absence of any other task, are related to resting-state connectivity measured using fMRI. We used a dataset for which eye tracking and BOLD resting-state were acquired simultaneously. We correlated brain activity with both eye-tracking metrics as well as time series sampled from the area of the eye orbits (EO-EPI). Eye-tracking data correlated well with the EO-EPI data. Furthermore, EO-EPI correlated with BOLD signal in sensorimotor and visual brain systems. Removing variance related to EO-EPI reduced connectivity between sensorimotor and visual areas and resulted in more modular resting-state networks. Our findings show that oculomotor-related contributions are an important component of resting-state network topology, and that they can be studied using EPI data from the eye orbits.

The paper reports the results of the Cardiovector space experiment, performed onboard the International Space Station (ISS) in 2014–2017 with the participation of 12 cosmonauts - members of the long term space flights. Each cosmonaut was examined in the following order: twice before launch; every month during the flight and twice after landing. The following physiological signals were registered: electrocardiogram, ballistocardiogram along three mutually transverse axes and three rotation axes, impedance cardiogram, seismocardiogram and pneumotachogram. The experimental protocol consisted of 5 min of rest, 3 min of fixed breathing with 5 and 10 s cycles, and tests with maximal inspiratory and expiratory breath-holds. The paper shows dynamics of BCG amplitude changes along the body longitudinal axis (Y). The investigation showed that microgravity forms a new hemodynamic pattern characterized by increased, compared to that on Earth, filling of the pulmonary circulation at rest, particularly during the first month during mission, and elevation of the left ventricle activity in this period. This fact, probably, points to a gradual unloading of the pulmonary circulation.

Mental rest appears critical to sustained high performance in sports and other human performance contexts. We draw on the developing science of mental rest to provide a useful guide for practitioners about how athletes and other performers can obtain the mental rest they need. We describe why mental rest is important for recovery and skill learning in athletes and how athletes obtain mental rest by engaging in sleep and resting while awake, known as wakeful resting. We also provide strategies that enable athletes to obtain more sleep and wakeful resting, and present tools for monitoring athletes’ mental rest.

La sirena è uno dei miti mediterranei più proficui tanto in letteratura come nelle arti. Macro-categoria culturale che “spiegava” un’esperienza del reale, il mito della sirena si è talmente trasformato durante i secoli e le culture da parodiare o mantenere appena tenuemente il legame con il celebre episodio omerico. Magritte, ne “L’invention collective”, raffigurando una creatura che avrebbe potuto far parte della zoologia fantastica di Borges e Guerrero, presenta all’osservatore, una sirena “al rovescio”. Significativamente fuori dall’acqua, la sirena ha gambe umane, femminili e il resto del corpo di un pesce. Già Diderot, nei suoi “Pensées détachées”, aveva riferito dell’orrore provocato da una sirena rovesciata. Le sirene, ad eccezione della nomenclatura di alcuni mammiferi marini, non esistono. Tuttavia, come suggerisce Agamben parlando delle “Ninfe”, esse sono « reali », poiché rappresentano, come si evince dal titolo del quadro di Magritte, un’« invenzione collettiva », cioè un concetto costruito per dimostrare l’origine di aspetti misteriosi della realtà. L’invenzione “collettiva” del mito della sirena, come Diderot e Magritte avevano osservato, rappresenta un rovesciamento della narrazione mitologica. Nella prospettiva inaugurata da Diderot e Magritte, e attraverso esempi tratti da opere di Giraudoux, Tanizaki e D’Arrigo, intuiamo che la modernità del mito della sirena risieda nell’ambiguità e dualità della sua figura a metà.

El derecho a una educación de calidad (CPEUM:3; PNUD,2020:4), obliga a Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES), a formar estudiantes científicamente. Formar en ciencias a un estudiante de Derecho es formar Juristas o profesionales capaces de operar sobre las Normas jurídicas para que en su confección y vigencia lleguen a generar justicia y equidad evitando impunidades y tantos objetivos ulteriores que impactan a la vez al resto de los Derechos humanos.Diferenciar definitoriamente los conceptos de “Jurista” y el de “Abogado litigante” parece sencillo, pero requiere de analizar la factibilidad metodológica de una práctica formativa extraordinaria que permita a estudiantes aspirar a ser amorosos amantes de la Norma Jurídica (como objeto de estudio del Derecho), y no solo “usuarios” a conveniencia de la misma. En un contexto de pandemia, mediante clases virtuales vía TEAMS, se opera este paquete didáctico innovador que ha generado hallazgos que podrían permitir la réplica de este ejercicio en otra institución de enseñanza del Derecho interesada.

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of web application frameworks for Java, PHP and Ruby. The most popular programming frameworks for each language were used for the research: Spring, Symfony and Ruby on Rails. In each of the frameworks the REST and SOAP web services were prepared and used to measure the request execution time. Measurements were made using Postman and SoapUI tools. The tests results showed that Spring is the fastest way to handle requests.

The article deals with the analysis of the cosmonyms (sun and the related concepts, phenomena, and actions - rays, sky, darkness, dawn, dusk, sunset, sunrise, ghost, mist, evening star, constellations, moon), using as a case study the works by S. Vasylchenko, a native of Chernihiv region. The study has revealed the use of such artistic means as the metaphor, epithet, oxymoron, comparison, and their informational and aesthetic significance in the texts. Astronominations in the tropes are used mostly to reproduce pictures of nature, the surrounding reality, as well as to characterize the inner experiences, the appearance of the characters, to describe the events taking place around them. The author achieves expressiveness by conveying the essence of an object or phenomenon through the features of another on the basis of their similarity. Metaphorical images are created via the use of words in their figurative sense ("The sun warmed... kissed the boy....", "...looked out the edge of the moon from behind the cloud…"). Bright synonymous series of nouns ("star", "aurora", "girls-stars", "sunshine", "hedgehog in the sky", "ball", "crescent moon", "fire-bird", etc.), adjectives ("diamond", "evening", "shiny", "bright", "hot", etc.), verbs ("shines", "burns", "soars", "glows", "warms", "entertains", "bakes", "blazes", etc.) have been revealed. Epithets-coloratives are used to create the image of the moon ("silver", "pale", "gold", "yellow", "reddish", "white", etc.). Impersonal verb forms are actively used to add some mystery, uncertainty to the portrayed (e.g. “getting dark”). The study lays emphasis on the usage frequency of the astrolexemes in S. Vasylchenko's works. The names of the sun and the concepts related to sunrise and sunset are the most numerous lexical-semantic groups. Most of the analyzed tokens are commonly used words inherent in the modern Ukrainian literary language, and the rest are the nouns used in dialects.

This study investigates trade shock transmission between selected African countries, the BRIC and the rest of the global economy with a view to understanding the likely disposition of African economies towards multilateralism in the years to come. The study extends the network approach of Diebold and Yilmaz [( 2009 ). Measuring financial asset return and volatility spillovers, with application to global equity markets. The Economic Journal, 119(534), 158–171, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2008.02208.x ] by constructing generalized trade linkage measures at various degrees of aggregation using generalized forecast error variance decompositions of an underlying global vector autoregressive model. The results indicate that the trade linkage between Africa and the rest of the global economy is substantial, with the total trade linkage index having an average value of 87%. We find that China, USA, UK, Japan, EU and Canada dominate Africa’s trade and therefore have the potential to spread trade shocks to it. The results further indicate that apart from the BRIC, other regional trading blocs such as Asia, the Americas, and Europe play influential roles in Africa’s trade. Overall, the findings show that African economies are predominantly net receivers of trade shocks originating from the aforementioned dominant sources. We conclude that these patterns of cross-country trade shock spillovers, coupled with the ongoing challenges of legitimacy facing the World Trade Organisation, would likely influence Africa’s move from multilateralism to multi-polarism in the years to come.

Some attempts to create an emotional characteristic by the linguistic description of the concept LOCKDOWN are accomplished in this article. To reach the aim of this research the frame analysis of a written text was applied as one of the basic methods of analysis concerning mechanisms of interaction in verbal and cognitive structures. Having analyzed a verbal performance, the conclusion was made that the concept LOCKDOWN has got the following emotional characteristic: FEAR as a dominant emotion (fear of uncertainty; fear of illness; fear for life; fear for the nearest and dearest; fear of losing a job (you/parents); fear of losing contacts; fear of staying without a rest); SATISFACTION (satisfaction from not getting early; satisfaction from studying at home; satisfaction from communicating with family/domestic animals). Overall, the emotive characteristic of the concept LOCKDOWN is a combination of dominant destructive (80%) and constructive (20%) emotions.

The tremendous human capacity to “love” one another is, in my opinion, the strongest evidence both for the existence of God and for the relationship that God intends for human beings to have with God and with each other. At the same time, the human capacity for envy, hate, aggression, and violating the dignity of “other” humans is similarly great evidence that something is horribly wrong − hu-man beings fail to maintain the intended relationship with God and each other. God’s intention does not change, but we forgetful human beings lose sight of it from time to time. This problem is at the root of human alienation from God and others that leaves us isolated, oblivious, suspicious and fearful. This paper intends to provide a framework that allows us to see the source of the problem, to explore some of the causes for human alienation from each other and creation, and to find ways to heal the gap between ourselves and the rest of God’s creation. I believe that all struggles, oppressions and sufferings result from this alienation, and a substantial mission of all religions, at least the Abrahamic religions, is to heal this divide by seeing the other as one’s equal. Izjemna človeška sposobnost »ljubiti« drug drugega je po mojem mnenju naj-močnejši dokaz tako za obstoj Boga kot za odnos, za kakršnega je Bog želel, da bi ga človek imel do Njega in do svojega bližnjega. Obenem je človeška zmožnost za zavist, sovraštvo, nasilje in teptanje dostojanstva »drugih« ljudi podobno močan dokaz, da je nekaj hudo narobe – ljudje ne zmorejo vzdrževati želenega odnosa z Bogom ali z drugim. Božji namen se ne spreminja, samo raztresena človeška bitja včasih pozabimo nanj. Težava tiči v jedru človekove odtujitve od Boga in drug od drugega, zaradi nje smo osamljeni, pozabljivi, sumničavi in preplašeni. V prispevku želim ponuditi okvir, ki nam bo pomagal uzreti vir težave, raziska-ti nekaj razlogov za človekovo odtujenost od bližnjega in od stvarstva ter poiskati načine za premostitev vrzeli med nami in ostalim božjim stvarstvom. Verjamem, da vsi spopadi, vse zatiranje in trpljenje izvirajo iz te odtujitve in da je bistveno poslanstvo vseh religij, ali vsaj abrahamskih religij, premostiti ta prepad tako, da drugega obravnavajo kot enakovrednega.

This study explored the changes in load-velocity relationship of bench press and parallel squat exercises following two programs differing in the set configuration. A randomized controlled trial was carried out in a sample of 39 physically active individuals. Participants were assigned to rest redistribution set configuration, traditional set configuration, or control groups. Over 5 weeks, the experimental groups completed 10 sessions with the 10 repetitions maximum load of both exercises. Rest redistribution sets consisted in 16 sets of 2 repetitions with 60 s of rest between sets, and 5 min between exercises, whereas traditional sets entailed 4 sets of 8 repetitions with 5 min of rest between sets and exercises. The load-velocity relationships of both exercises were obtained before and after the training period. For bench press, an increase of the velocity axis intercept, and a decrease of the slope at post-test were observed in both rest redistribution (p

To understand the rotation of galaxies, the idea of the existence of dark matter was created. Through a better observation of reality, analyzing the distribution of matter, we conclude that this distribution is very close to that proportional to the radius cube, thus remembering the spherical distribution. With the appearance of the accretion disk, it retained a large part of the matter that gravitated the gravitational sphere of the galaxy, maintaining its distribution proportional to the cube of the radius, part of the total matter will be contained in the Accretion Disc and the rest will continue to gravitate to the galaxy. Given the large size of the galaxy, the latter may be practically printable given its dispersion in the total volume of the galaxy. We conclude that the idea of the existence of dark matter is not necessary to justify the rotation of the galaxy.

The Iliad opens with the image of abandoned corpses, left as prey to the wild beasts. It closes with the hard-won and respectful funeral of Hector, during which his maimed body is finally laid to rest. In-between these passages, death and the fate of dead bodies are often part of the epic's subject matter. The audience is treated to a wide selection of images concerning the fallen and their remains, ranging from those taken gently away from the battlefield to be buried to those who are posthumously mutilated where they lie. Instances of corpse mutilation are rare elsewhere in Greek historical and literary writing, but occur in the Iliad at a regular rate. The gruesomeness of these acts makes for shocking and violent scenes, and represents a radical departure from the normal funeral ritual with lasting repercussions for the relatives of the deceased and the fate of the dead person in the afterlife.

This paper studies the dynamic pricing problem under model mis-specifi cation settings. To characterize the model mis-specification, we extend the "eps-contamination model | the most fundamental model in robust statistics and machine learning, to the online setting. In particular, for a selling horizon of length T, the online "eps-contamination model assumes that the demands are realized according to a typical unknown demand function only for (1-eps)T periods. For the rest of eps T periods, an outlier purchase can happen with arbitrary demand functions. Under this model, we develop new robust dynamic pricing policies to hedge against outlier purchase behavior. For the dynamic pricing problem, there are two critical prices, the revenue-maximizing price and inventory clearance price, and the optimal price is the larger price. The challenge is that the seller has no information about which price is larger, and the revenues near these two prices behave entirely differently. To address this challenge, we propose robust online policies for both cases when the optimal price is the revenue-maximizing price and when the optimal price is the clearance price, and then develop a meta algorithm that combines these two cases. Our algorithm is a fully adaptive policy that does not require any prior knowledge of the outlier proportion parameter ". Our simulation study shows that our policy outperforms existing policies in the literature.

Asymptotic methods have been used to study a turbulent flat mixing layer comprising a viscous compressible gas flow descending from the trailing edge of a body and a gas at rest having the same che...

En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis de las disposiciones legales y criterios jurisprudenciales, así como de la doctrina, sobre la naturaleza y los elementos constitutivos del descanso vacacional en el régimen laboral peruano de la actividad privada.

This article explores the history of British Mensa to examine the contested status of high intelligence in Great Britain between the late 1940s and the late 1980s. Based on journals and leaflets from the association and newspaper articles about it, the article shows how protagonists from the high IQ society campaigned for intelligence and its testing among the British public. Yet scathing reactions to the group in newspapers suggest that journalists considered it socially provocative to stress one’s own brainpower as extraordinarily high. To better understand such disagreements, the article analyses communicative patterns that were used to make judgements about intelligence. This case study sheds light on how aspects of difference and the ascription of social positions are negotiated in public understandings of intelligence.