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The instantaneous force acting on a circular cylinder immersed in a unidirectional periodic flow characterized by U = V + VA sin 2π ft was investigated. The total force was divided into three components consisting of a steady-state drag; an oscillating drag which is a function of the frequency parameter λ = fd/V ; and an inertial force v;hich is also a function of the frequency parameter. The three resistance coefficients associated with the force components, CD (0), CD(λ), and CM (λ) were calculated. It was found that the resistance coefficients are not materially affected by the free-stream oscillations whenever the frequency of the oscillation is lower than the natural frequency of the vortex shedding. However, when λ approaches the Strouhal frequency of vortex shedding, the inertia coefficient CM is significantly reduced, and likewise when λ approaches the value of twice the Strouhal number, CD (λ) is markedly reduced. In regions below this range, the inertial force becomes negligible and the total resistance could be represented accurately by the coefficients DC (0) and CD (λ) with CM fixed at its theoretical unseparated-flow value, 2.0. http://archive.org/details/unidirectionalpe1094516856 Lieutenant, United States Navy Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. more...

This paper reports on the perspective of industry stakeholders in a national project to develop a Learning and Teaching Academic Standards (LTAS) Statement for the Agriculture discipline. The AgLTAS Statement will be aligned with the Science LTAS Statement published in 2011 and comprise a discourse on the nature and extent of the Agriculture discipline and a set of Threshold Learning Outcome (TLO) statements specific to Agriculture. Agricultural research and teaching relies on strong links with industry due to the applied nature of the discipline. Without these links, sustainable and profitable practice change in agricultural systems cannot be achieved. A pilot project, in 2011-2012, with academic staff from three Australian universities identified vocational knowledge as a potential focus for a TLO. The AgLTAS project provides the opportunity to validate or refute this TLO by seeking input from a wider group of stakeholders, including industry. National consensus is being sought by a process of iterative consultation with academics, students and industry stakeholders and tested across four Australian universities. We have collected qualitative and quantitative data from industry participants who attended a series of workshops across most Australian States and Territories and through an online survey. Surprisingly, and contrary to the findings of the pilot project, industry representatives considered vocational knowledge of lesser importance to the need for students to attain highly developed problem solving and communication skills that can generate new opportunities and innovation in agriculture. Industry-specific (vocational) knowledge was generally regarded as attainable during on-the-job training after graduation. This finding prompts the question whether the AgLTAS Statement should be linked to professional accreditation that may be attained after graduation. more...

Attention is called to the second article, in Volume III of "Advances in Veterinary Science," entitled "Diseases of the Central Nervous System of Domesticated Animals and Comparisons with Human Neuropathology," by J. R. M. Innes and L. Z. Saunders. The authors have attempted to classify the neuropathological disorders of veterinary science. They admit that their catalogue is incomplete, although it is indeed very extensive. Their task is complicated by the paucity of exhaustive pathological study of neurological diseases of animals. They point out that economic factors have dictated an emphasis on infectious diseases. As a review of diseases of the nervous system of animals, the article has much to recommend it. It contains many references to comparative neuroanatomy and extensive reports of unpublished, as well as published, cases of animal nervous system disease. It is well illustrated and has a bibliography of over 600 articles. Critical reviews of many case more...