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152. “Good Girls”

Author

Armstrong, Elizabeth A., primary, Hamilton, Laura T., additional, Armstrong, Elizabeth M., additional, and Seeley, J. Lotus, additional

Published
2014
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153. Natural course of cannabis use disorders

Author

Farmer, R. F., primary, Kosty, D. B., additional, Seeley, J. R., additional, Duncan, S. C., additional, Lynskey, M. T., additional, Rohde, P., additional, Klein, D. N., additional, and Lewinsohn, P. M., additional

Published
2014
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154. Common variants associated with plasma triglycerides and risk for coronary artery disease

Author

Do, R, Willer, C, Schmidt, E, Sengupta, S, Gao, C, Peloso, G, Gustafsson, S, Kanoni, S, Ganna, A, Chen, J, Buchkovich, M, Mora, S, Beckmann, J, Bragg Gresham, J, Chang, H, Demirkan, A, Den Hertog, H, Donnelly, L, Ehret, G, Esko, T, Feitosa, M, Ferreira, T, Fischer, K, Fontanillas, P, Fraser, R, Freitag, D, Gurdasani, D, Heikkilä, K, Hyppönen, E, Isaacs, A, Jackson, A, Johansson, A, Johnson, T, Kaakinen, M, Kettunen, J, Kleber, M, Li, X, Luan, J, Lyytikäinen, L, Magnusson, P, Mangino, M, Mihailov, E, Montasser, M, Müller Nurasyid, M, Nolte, I, O'Connell, J, Palmer, C, Perola, M, Petersen, A, Sanna, S, Saxena, R, Service, S, Shah, S, Shungin, D, Sidore, C, Song, C, Strawbridge, R, Surakka, I, Tanaka, T, Teslovich, T, Thorleifsson, G, Van den Herik, E, Voight, B, Volcik, K, Waite, L, Wong, A, Wu, Y, Zhang, W, Absher, D, Asiki, G, Barroso, I, Been, L, Bolton, J, Bonnycastle, L, Brambilla, P, Burnett, M, Cesana, G, Dimitriou, M, Doney, A, Döring, A, Elliott, P, Epstein, S, Eyjolfsson, G, Gigante, B, Goodarzi, M, Grallert, H, Gravito, M, Groves, C, Hallmans, G, Hartikainen, A, Hayward, C, Hernandez, D, Hicks, A, Holm, H, Hung, Y, Illig, T, Jones, M, Kaleebu, P, Kastelein, J, Khaw, K, Kim, E, Klopp, N, Komulainen, P, Kumari, M, Langenberg, C, Lehtimäki, T, Lin, S, Lindström, J, Loos, R, Mach, F, Mcardle, W, Meisinger, C, Mitchell, B, Müller, G, Nagaraja, R, Narisu, N, Nieminen, T, Nsubuga, R, Olafsson, I, Ong, K, Palotie, A, Papamarkou, T, Pomilla, C, Pouta, A, Rader, D, Reilly, M, Ridker, P, Rivadeneira, F, Rudan, I, Ruokonen, A, Samani, N, Scharnagl, H, Seeley, J, Silander, K, Stančáková, A, Stirrups, K, Swift, A, Tiret, L, Uitterlinden, A, van Pelt, L, Vedantam, S, Wainwright, N, Wijmenga, C, Wild, S, Willemsen, G, Wilsgaard, T, Wilson, J, Young, E, Zhao, J, Adair, L, Arveiler, D, Assimes, T, Bandinelli, S, Bennett, F, Bochud, M, Boehm, B, Boomsma, D, Borecki, I, Bornstein, S, Bovet, P, Burnier, M, Campbell, H, Chakravarti, A, Chambers, J, Chen, Y, Collins, F, Cooper, R, Danesh, J, Dedoussis, G, de Faire, U, Feranil, A, Ferrières, J, Ferrucci, L, Freimer, N, Gieger, C, Groop, L, Gudnason, V, Gyllensten, U, Hamsten, A, Harris, T, Hingorani, A, Hirschhorn, J, Hofman, A, Hovingh, G, Hsiung, C, Humphries, S, Hunt, S, Hveem, K, Iribarren, C, Järvelin, M, Jula, A, Kähönen, M, Kaprio, J, Kesäniemi, A, Kivimaki, M, Kooner, J, Koudstaal, P, Krauss, R, Kuh, D, Kuusisto, J, Kyvik, K, Laakso, M, Lakka, T, Lind, L, Lindgren, C, Martin, N, März, W, Mccarthy, M, Mckenzie, C, Meneton, P, Metspalu, A, Moilanen, L, Morris, A, Munroe, P, Njølstad, I, Pedersen, N, Power, C, Pramstaller, P, Price, J, Psaty, B, Quertermous, T, Rauramaa, R, Saleheen, D, Salomaa, V, Sanghera, D, Saramies, J, Schwarz, P, Sheu, W, Shuldiner, A, Siegbahn, A, Spector, T, Stefansson, K, Strachan, D, Tayo, B, Tremoli, E, Tuomilehto, J, Uusitupa, M, van Duijn, C, Vollenweider, P, Wallentin, L, Wareham, N, Whitfield, J, Wolffenbuttel, B, Altshuler, D, Ordovas, J, Boerwinkle, E, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Chasman, D, Rotter, J, Franks, P, Ripatti, S, Cupples, L, Sandhu, M, Rich, S, Boehnke, M, Deloukas, P, Mohlke, K, Ingelsson, E, Abecasis, G, Daly, M, Neale, B, Kathiresan, S, McArdle, W, McCarthy, M, McKenzie, C, Kathiresan, S., BRAMBILLA, PAOLO, CESANA, GIANCARLO, Do, R, Willer, C, Schmidt, E, Sengupta, S, Gao, C, Peloso, G, Gustafsson, S, Kanoni, S, Ganna, A, Chen, J, Buchkovich, M, Mora, S, Beckmann, J, Bragg Gresham, J, Chang, H, Demirkan, A, Den Hertog, H, Donnelly, L, Ehret, G, Esko, T, Feitosa, M, Ferreira, T, Fischer, K, Fontanillas, P, Fraser, R, Freitag, D, Gurdasani, D, Heikkilä, K, Hyppönen, E, Isaacs, A, Jackson, A, Johansson, A, Johnson, T, Kaakinen, M, Kettunen, J, Kleber, M, Li, X, Luan, J, Lyytikäinen, L, Magnusson, P, Mangino, M, Mihailov, E, Montasser, M, Müller Nurasyid, M, Nolte, I, O'Connell, J, Palmer, C, Perola, M, Petersen, A, Sanna, S, Saxena, R, Service, S, Shah, S, Shungin, D, Sidore, C, Song, C, Strawbridge, R, Surakka, I, Tanaka, T, Teslovich, T, Thorleifsson, G, Van den Herik, E, Voight, B, Volcik, K, Waite, L, Wong, A, Wu, Y, Zhang, W, Absher, D, Asiki, G, Barroso, I, Been, L, Bolton, J, Bonnycastle, L, Brambilla, P, Burnett, M, Cesana, G, Dimitriou, M, Doney, A, Döring, A, Elliott, P, Epstein, S, Eyjolfsson, G, Gigante, B, Goodarzi, M, Grallert, H, Gravito, M, Groves, C, Hallmans, G, Hartikainen, A, Hayward, C, Hernandez, D, Hicks, A, Holm, H, Hung, Y, Illig, T, Jones, M, Kaleebu, P, Kastelein, J, Khaw, K, Kim, E, Klopp, N, Komulainen, P, Kumari, M, Langenberg, C, Lehtimäki, T, Lin, S, Lindström, J, Loos, R, Mach, F, Mcardle, W, Meisinger, C, Mitchell, B, Müller, G, Nagaraja, R, Narisu, N, Nieminen, T, Nsubuga, R, Olafsson, I, Ong, K, Palotie, A, Papamarkou, T, Pomilla, C, Pouta, A, Rader, D, Reilly, M, Ridker, P, Rivadeneira, F, Rudan, I, Ruokonen, A, Samani, N, Scharnagl, H, Seeley, J, Silander, K, Stančáková, A, Stirrups, K, Swift, A, Tiret, L, Uitterlinden, A, van Pelt, L, Vedantam, S, Wainwright, N, Wijmenga, C, Wild, S, Willemsen, G, Wilsgaard, T, Wilson, J, Young, E, Zhao, J, Adair, L, Arveiler, D, Assimes, T, Bandinelli, S, Bennett, F, Bochud, M, Boehm, B, Boomsma, D, Borecki, I, Bornstein, S, Bovet, P, Burnier, M, Campbell, H, Chakravarti, A, Chambers, J, Chen, Y, Collins, F, Cooper, R, Danesh, J, Dedoussis, G, de Faire, U, Feranil, A, Ferrières, J, Ferrucci, L, Freimer, N, Gieger, C, Groop, L, Gudnason, V, Gyllensten, U, Hamsten, A, Harris, T, Hingorani, A, Hirschhorn, J, Hofman, A, Hovingh, G, Hsiung, C, Humphries, S, Hunt, S, Hveem, K, Iribarren, C, Järvelin, M, Jula, A, Kähönen, M, Kaprio, J, Kesäniemi, A, Kivimaki, M, Kooner, J, Koudstaal, P, Krauss, R, Kuh, D, Kuusisto, J, Kyvik, K, Laakso, M, Lakka, T, Lind, L, Lindgren, C, Martin, N, März, W, Mccarthy, M, Mckenzie, C, Meneton, P, Metspalu, A, Moilanen, L, Morris, A, Munroe, P, Njølstad, I, Pedersen, N, Power, C, Pramstaller, P, Price, J, Psaty, B, Quertermous, T, Rauramaa, R, Saleheen, D, Salomaa, V, Sanghera, D, Saramies, J, Schwarz, P, Sheu, W, Shuldiner, A, Siegbahn, A, Spector, T, Stefansson, K, Strachan, D, Tayo, B, Tremoli, E, Tuomilehto, J, Uusitupa, M, van Duijn, C, Vollenweider, P, Wallentin, L, Wareham, N, Whitfield, J, Wolffenbuttel, B, Altshuler, D, Ordovas, J, Boerwinkle, E, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Chasman, D, Rotter, J, Franks, P, Ripatti, S, Cupples, L, Sandhu, M, Rich, S, Boehnke, M, Deloukas, P, Mohlke, K, Ingelsson, E, Abecasis, G, Daly, M, Neale, B, Kathiresan, S, McArdle, W, McCarthy, M, McKenzie, C, Kathiresan, S., BRAMBILLA, PAOLO, and CESANA, GIANCARLO

Abstract

Triglycerides are transported in plasma by specific triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; in epidemiological studies, increased triglyceride levels correlate with higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether this association reflects causal processes. We used 185 common variants recently mapped for plasma lipids (P < 5 × 10(-8) for each) to examine the role of triglycerides in risk for CAD. First, we highlight loci associated with both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride levels, and we show that the direction and magnitude of the associations with both traits are factors in determining CAD risk. Second, we consider loci with only a strong association with triglycerides and show that these loci are also associated with CAD. Finally, in a model accounting for effects on LDL-C and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, the strength of a polymorphism's effect on triglyceride levels is correlated with the magnitude of its effect on CAD risk. These results suggest that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins causally influence risk for CAD

Published
2013

155. Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels

Author

Willer, C, Schmidt, E, Sengupta, S, Peloso, G, Gustafsson, S, Kanoni, S, Ganna, A, Chen, J, Buchkovich, M, Mora, S, Beckmann, J, Bragg Gresham, J, Chang, H, Demirkan, A, Den Hertog, H, Do, R, Donnelly, L, Ehret, G, Esko, T, Feitosa, M, Ferreira, T, Fischer, K, Fontanillas, P, Fraser, R, Freitag, D, Gurdasani, D, Heikkilä, K, Hyppönen, E, Isaacs, A, Jackson, A, Johansson, A, Johnson, T, Kaakinen, M, Kettunen, J, Kleber, M, Li, X, Luan, J, Lyytikäinen, L, Magnusson, P, Mangino, M, Mihailov, E, Montasser, M, Müller Nurasyid, M, Nolte, I, O'Connell, J, Palmer, C, Perola, M, Petersen, A, Sanna, S, Saxena, R, Service, S, Shah, S, Shungin, D, Sidore, C, Song, C, Strawbridge, R, Surakka, I, Tanaka, T, Teslovich, T, Thorleifsson, G, Van den Herik, E, Voight, B, Volcik, K, Waite, L, Wong, A, Wu, Y, Zhang, W, Absher, D, Asiki, G, Barroso, I, Been, L, Bolton, J, Bonnycastle, L, Brambilla, P, Burnett, M, Cesana, G, Dimitriou, M, Doney, A, Döring, A, Elliott, P, Epstein, S, Eyjolfsson, G, Gigante, B, Goodarzi, M, Grallert, H, Gravito, M, Groves, C, Hallmans, G, Hartikainen, A, Hayward, C, Hernandez, D, Hicks, A, Holm, H, Hung, Y, Illig, T, Jones, M, Kaleebu, P, Kastelein, J, Khaw, K, Kim, E, Klopp, N, Komulainen, P, Kumari, M, Langenberg, C, Lehtimäki, T, Lin, S, Lindström, J, Loos, R, Mach, F, Mcardle, W, Meisinger, C, Mitchell, B, Müller, G, Nagaraja, R, Narisu, N, Nieminen, T, Nsubuga, R, Olafsson, I, Ong, K, Palotie, A, Papamarkou, T, Pomilla, C, Pouta, A, Rader, D, Reilly, M, Ridker, P, Rivadeneira, F, Rudan, I, Ruokonen, A, Samani, N, Scharnagl, H, Seeley, J, Silander, K, Stancáková, A, Stirrups, K, Swift, A, Tiret, L, Uitterlinden, A, van Pelt, L, Vedantam, S, Wainwright, N, Wijmenga, C, Wild, S, Willemsen, G, Wilsgaard, T, Wilson, J, Young, E, Zhao, J, Adair, L, Arveiler, D, Assimes, T, Bandinelli, S, Bennett, F, Bochud, M, Boehm, B, Boomsma, D, Borecki, I, Bornstein, S, Bovet, P, Burnier, M, Campbell, H, Chakravarti, A, Chambers, J, Chen, Y, Collins, F, Cooper, R, Danesh, J, Dedoussis, G, de Faire, U, Feranil, A, Ferrières, J, Ferrucci, L, Freimer, N, Gieger, C, Groop, L, Gudnason, V, Gyllensten, U, Hamsten, A, Harris, T, Hingorani, A, Hirschhorn, J, Hofman, A, Hovingh, G, Hsiung, C, Humphries, S, Hunt, S, Hveem, K, Iribarren, C, Järvelin, M, Jula, A, Kähönen, M, Kaprio, J, Kesäniemi, A, Kivimaki, M, Kooner, J, Koudstaal, P, Krauss, R, Kuh, D, Kuusisto, J, Kyvik, K, Laakso, M, Lakka, T, Lind, L, Lindgren, C, Martin, N, März, W, Mccarthy, M, Mckenzie, C, Meneton, P, Metspalu, A, Moilanen, L, Morris, A, Munroe, P, Njølstad, I, Pedersen, N, Power, C, Pramstaller, P, Price, J, Psaty, B, Quertermous, T, Rauramaa, R, Saleheen, D, Salomaa, V, Sanghera, D, Saramies, J, Schwarz, P, Sheu, W, Shuldiner, A, Siegbahn, A, Spector, T, Stefansson, K, Strachan, D, Tayo, B, Tremoli, E, Tuomilehto, J, Uusitupa, M, van Duijn, C, Vollenweider, P, Wallentin, L, Wareham, N, Whitfield, J, Wolffenbuttel, B, Ordovas, J, Boerwinkle, E, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Chasman, D, Rotter, J, Franks, P, Ripatti, S, Cupples, L, Sandhu, M, Rich, S, Boehnke, M, Deloukas, P, Kathiresan, S, Mohlke, K, Ingelsson, E, Abecasis, G, McArdle, W, McCarthy, M, McKenzie, C, Abecasis, G., BRAMBILLA, PAOLO, CESANA, GIANCARLO, Willer, C, Schmidt, E, Sengupta, S, Peloso, G, Gustafsson, S, Kanoni, S, Ganna, A, Chen, J, Buchkovich, M, Mora, S, Beckmann, J, Bragg Gresham, J, Chang, H, Demirkan, A, Den Hertog, H, Do, R, Donnelly, L, Ehret, G, Esko, T, Feitosa, M, Ferreira, T, Fischer, K, Fontanillas, P, Fraser, R, Freitag, D, Gurdasani, D, Heikkilä, K, Hyppönen, E, Isaacs, A, Jackson, A, Johansson, A, Johnson, T, Kaakinen, M, Kettunen, J, Kleber, M, Li, X, Luan, J, Lyytikäinen, L, Magnusson, P, Mangino, M, Mihailov, E, Montasser, M, Müller Nurasyid, M, Nolte, I, O'Connell, J, Palmer, C, Perola, M, Petersen, A, Sanna, S, Saxena, R, Service, S, Shah, S, Shungin, D, Sidore, C, Song, C, Strawbridge, R, Surakka, I, Tanaka, T, Teslovich, T, Thorleifsson, G, Van den Herik, E, Voight, B, Volcik, K, Waite, L, Wong, A, Wu, Y, Zhang, W, Absher, D, Asiki, G, Barroso, I, Been, L, Bolton, J, Bonnycastle, L, Brambilla, P, Burnett, M, Cesana, G, Dimitriou, M, Doney, A, Döring, A, Elliott, P, Epstein, S, Eyjolfsson, G, Gigante, B, Goodarzi, M, Grallert, H, Gravito, M, Groves, C, Hallmans, G, Hartikainen, A, Hayward, C, Hernandez, D, Hicks, A, Holm, H, Hung, Y, Illig, T, Jones, M, Kaleebu, P, Kastelein, J, Khaw, K, Kim, E, Klopp, N, Komulainen, P, Kumari, M, Langenberg, C, Lehtimäki, T, Lin, S, Lindström, J, Loos, R, Mach, F, Mcardle, W, Meisinger, C, Mitchell, B, Müller, G, Nagaraja, R, Narisu, N, Nieminen, T, Nsubuga, R, Olafsson, I, Ong, K, Palotie, A, Papamarkou, T, Pomilla, C, Pouta, A, Rader, D, Reilly, M, Ridker, P, Rivadeneira, F, Rudan, I, Ruokonen, A, Samani, N, Scharnagl, H, Seeley, J, Silander, K, Stancáková, A, Stirrups, K, Swift, A, Tiret, L, Uitterlinden, A, van Pelt, L, Vedantam, S, Wainwright, N, Wijmenga, C, Wild, S, Willemsen, G, Wilsgaard, T, Wilson, J, Young, E, Zhao, J, Adair, L, Arveiler, D, Assimes, T, Bandinelli, S, Bennett, F, Bochud, M, Boehm, B, Boomsma, D, Borecki, I, Bornstein, S, Bovet, P, Burnier, M, Campbell, H, Chakravarti, A, Chambers, J, Chen, Y, Collins, F, Cooper, R, Danesh, J, Dedoussis, G, de Faire, U, Feranil, A, Ferrières, J, Ferrucci, L, Freimer, N, Gieger, C, Groop, L, Gudnason, V, Gyllensten, U, Hamsten, A, Harris, T, Hingorani, A, Hirschhorn, J, Hofman, A, Hovingh, G, Hsiung, C, Humphries, S, Hunt, S, Hveem, K, Iribarren, C, Järvelin, M, Jula, A, Kähönen, M, Kaprio, J, Kesäniemi, A, Kivimaki, M, Kooner, J, Koudstaal, P, Krauss, R, Kuh, D, Kuusisto, J, Kyvik, K, Laakso, M, Lakka, T, Lind, L, Lindgren, C, Martin, N, März, W, Mccarthy, M, Mckenzie, C, Meneton, P, Metspalu, A, Moilanen, L, Morris, A, Munroe, P, Njølstad, I, Pedersen, N, Power, C, Pramstaller, P, Price, J, Psaty, B, Quertermous, T, Rauramaa, R, Saleheen, D, Salomaa, V, Sanghera, D, Saramies, J, Schwarz, P, Sheu, W, Shuldiner, A, Siegbahn, A, Spector, T, Stefansson, K, Strachan, D, Tayo, B, Tremoli, E, Tuomilehto, J, Uusitupa, M, van Duijn, C, Vollenweider, P, Wallentin, L, Wareham, N, Whitfield, J, Wolffenbuttel, B, Ordovas, J, Boerwinkle, E, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Chasman, D, Rotter, J, Franks, P, Ripatti, S, Cupples, L, Sandhu, M, Rich, S, Boehnke, M, Deloukas, P, Kathiresan, S, Mohlke, K, Ingelsson, E, Abecasis, G, McArdle, W, McCarthy, M, McKenzie, C, Abecasis, G., BRAMBILLA, PAOLO, and CESANA, GIANCARLO

Abstract

Levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and total cholesterol are heritable, modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease. To identify new loci and refine known loci influencing these lipids, we examined 188,577 individuals using genome-wide and custom genotyping arrays. We identify and annotate 157 loci associated with lipid levels at P < 5 × 10 -8, including 62 loci not previously associated with lipid levels in humans. Using dense genotyping in individuals of European, East Asian, South Asian and African ancestry, we narrow association signals in 12 loci. We find that loci associated with blood lipid levels are often associated with cardiovascular and metabolic traits, including coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, blood pressure, waist-hip ratio and body mass index. Our results demonstrate the value of using genetic data from individuals of diverse ancestry and provide insights into the biological mechanisms regulating blood lipids to guide future genetic, biological and therapeutic research

Published
2013

156. Strategically Stealthy: Women’s Agency in Navigating Spousal Violence

Author

Larance, Lisa Young, Garrison, Spencer, and Seeley, J. Lotus

Abstract

Research on women who divorce their abusive husbands typically draws on the experiences of those who have had contact with formal intimate partner violence (IPV) support services. The experiences of women who have notsought such support remain poorly understood. Drawing upon a series of longitudinal, in-depth interviews with 12 women who did not seek formal IPV services, this work illuminates women’s “strategically stealthy” agency, as they navigate spousal violence, seek human connection and formal support, and eventually file for divorce. This article proposes a revision of the transtheoretical model’s (TTM) preparation stage from 30 days to a flexible time frame of months and even years, which allows a more complex, agentic understanding of IPV survivors’ actions, behaviors, and help-seeking efforts deployed in planning for divorce. By expanding the time frame of TTM’s preparation stage, this work has broad implications for social work practice.

Published
2018
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157. Deriving an optimal threshold of waist circumference for detecting cardiometabolic risk in sub-Saharan Africa

Author

Ekoru, K, Murphy, G A V, Young, E H, Delisle, H, Jerome, C S, Assah, F, Longo–Mbenza, B, Nzambi, J P D, On'Kin, J B K, Buntix, F, Muyer, M C, Christensen, D L, Wesseh, C S, Sabir, A, Okafor, C, Gezawa, I D, Puepet, F, Enang, O, Raimi, T, Ohwovoriole, E, Oladapo, O O, Bovet, P, Mollentze, W, Unwin, N, Gray, W K, Walker, R, Agoudavi, K, Siziya, S, Chifamba, J, Njelekela, M, Fourie, C M, Kruger, S, Schutte, A E, Walsh, C, Gareta, D, Kamali, A, Seeley, J, Norris, S A, Crowther, N J, Pillay, D, Kaleebu, P, Motala, A A, and Sandhu, M S

Abstract

Background:Waist circumference (WC) thresholds derived from western populations continue to be used in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) despite increasing evidence of ethnic variation in the association between adiposity and cardiometabolic disease and availability of data from African populations. We aimed to derive a SSA-specific optimal WC cut-point for identifying individuals at increased cardiometabolic risk.Methods:We used individual level cross-sectional data on 24?181 participants aged ?15 years from 17 studies conducted between 1990 and 2014 in eight countries in SSA. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to derive optimal WC cut-points for detecting the presence of at least two components of metabolic syndrome (MS), excluding WC.Results:The optimal WC cut-point was 81.2?cm (95% CI 78.5–83.8?cm) and 81.0?cm (95% CI 79.2–82.8?cm) for men and women, respectively, with comparable accuracy in men and women. Sensitivity was higher in women (64%, 95% CI 63–65) than in men (53%, 95% CI 51–55), and increased with the prevalence of obesity. Having WC above the derived cut-point was associated with a twofold probability of having at least two components of MS (age-adjusted odds ratio 2.6, 95% CI 2.4–2.9, for men and 2.2, 95% CI 2.0–2.3, for women).Conclusion:The optimal WC cut-point for identifying men at increased cardiometabolic risk is lower (?81.2?cm) than current guidelines (?94.0?cm) recommend, and similar to that in women in SSA. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these cut-points based on cardiometabolic outcomes.

Published
2018
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162. When information does not suffice: young people living with HIV and communication about ART adherence in the clinic.

Author

Bernays, S., Paparini, S., Gibb, D., and Seeley, J.

Subjects
HIV, YOUNG adults, HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy, HEALTH care teams, QUALITATIVE research, RICH people, PATIENT compliance
Abstract

Despite mounting evidence recommending disclosure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status to young people with perinatally acquired HIV as a central motivating factor for adherence to antiretroviral therapy, many young people continue to experience disclosure as a partial event, rather than a process. Drawing from two longitudinal, interview-based qualitative studies with young people living with HIV (aged 10–24) in five different countries in low and high income settings, we present data regarding disclosure and information about HIV in the clinic. The article highlights the limits of discussions framing disclosure and patient literacy, and young people’s reluctance to voice their adherence difficulties in the context of their relationships with clinical care teams. We suggest that a clinician-initiated, explicit acknowledgment of the social and practical hurdles of daily adherence for young people would aid a more transparent conversation and encourage young people to disclose missed doses and other problems they may be facing with their treatment. This may help to reduce health harms and poor adherence in the longer-term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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174. Exposure to space radiation of high-performance infrared multilayer filters and materials technology experiments (A0056)

Author

Seeley, J. S, Hunneman, R, Whatley, A, and Lipscombe, D. R

Subjects
Optics
Abstract

Infrared multilayer interface filter which were used in satellite radiometers were examined. The ability of the filters to withstand the space environment in these applications is critical. An experiment on the LDEF subjects the filters to authoritative spectral measurements following space exposure to ascertain their suitability for spacecraft use and to permit an understanding of degradation mechanisms. The understanding of the effects of prolonged space exposure on spacecraft materials, surface finishes, and adhesive systems is important to the spacecraft designer. Materials technology experiments and experiment on infrared multilayer filters are discussed.

Published
1984

175. Far infrared filters for the Galileo-Jupiter and other missions

Author

Seeley, J. S, Hunneman, R, and Whatley, A

Subjects
Spacecraft Instrumentation
Abstract

Progress in the development of FIR multilayer interference filters for the net flux radiometer and photopolarizing radiometer to be carried on board the Galileo mission to Jupiter is reported. The multilayer interference technique has been extended to the region above 40 microns by the use of PbTe/II-VI materials in hard-coated combination, with the thickest layers composed of CdSe QWOT at 74 microns and PbTe QWOT. Improvements have also been obtained in filters below 20 microns on the basis of the Chebyshev stack design. A composite filter cutting on steeply at 40 microns has been designed which employs a thin crystal quartz substrate, shorter wavelength absorption in ZnS and As2S3 thin films, and supplementary multilayer interference. Finally, absorptive filters have been developed based on II-VI compounds in multilayer combination with KRS-5 (or 6) on a KRS-5 (or 6) substrate

Published
1981

183. Observation of isoprene hydroxynitrates in the Southeastern United States and implications for the fate of NOx.

Author

Xiong, F., McAvey, K. M., Pratt, K. A., Groff, C. J., Hostetler, M. A., Lipton, M. A., Starn, T. K., Seeley, J. V., Bertman, S. B., Teng, A. P., Crounse, J. D., Nguyen, T. B., Wennberg, P. O., Misztal, P. K., Goldstein, A. H., Guenther, A. B., Koss, A. R., Olson, K. F., de Gouw, J. A., and Baumann, K.

Abstract

Isoprene hydroxynitrates (IN) are tracers of the photochemical oxidation of isoprene in high NOx environments. Production and loss of IN have a significant influence on the NOx cycle and tropospheric O3 chemistry. To better understand IN chemistry, a series of photochemical reaction chamber experiments were conducted to determine the IN yield from isoprene photooxidation at high NO concentrations (> 100 ppt). By combining experimental data and calculated isomer distributions, a total IN yield of 9(+4/ - 3) % was derived. The result was applied in a zero-dimensional model to simulate production and loss of ambient IN observed in a temperate forest atmosphere, during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) field campaign, from 27 May to 11 July 2013. By comparing field observations with model simulations, we identified NO as the limiting factor for ambient IN production during SOAS, but vertical mixing at dawn might also contribute (~27%) to IN dynamics. A close examination of isoprene's oxidation products indicates that its oxidation transitioned from a high-NO dominant chemical regime in the morning into a low-NO dominant regime in the afternoon. A significant amount of IN produced in the morning high NO regime could be oxidized in the low NO regime, and a possible reaction scheme was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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184. The Medical Research Council ( UK)/ Uganda Virus Research Institute Uganda Research Unit on AIDS - '25 years of research through partnerships'.

Author

Kaleebu, P., Kamali, A., Seeley, J., Elliott, A. M., and Katongole‐Mbidde, E.

Subjects
NON-communicable diseases, MEDICAL research, RESEARCH institutes, HIV, HEALTH policy, PHYSICIAN practice patterns
Abstract

For the past 25 years, the Medical Research Council/ Uganda Virus Research Institute Uganda Research Unit on AIDS has conducted research on HIV-1, coinfections and, more recently, on non-communicable diseases. Working with various partners, the research findings of the Unit have contributed to the understanding and control of the HIV epidemic both in Uganda and globally, and informed the future development of biomedical HIV interventions, health policy and practice. In this report, as we celebrate our silver jubilee, we describe some of these achievements and the Unit's multidisciplinary approach to research. We also discuss the future direction of the Unit; an exemplar of a partnership that has been largely funded from the north but led in the south. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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188. Long-Term Outcomes of the Good School Toolkit Primary School Violence Prevention Intervention Among Adolescents: Protocol for a Nonrandomized Quasi-Experimental Study

Author

Knight, Louise, Atuhaire, Lydia, Allen, Elizabeth, Namy, Sophie, Anton-Erxleben, Katharina, Nakuti, Janet, Mirembe, Angel Faridah, Nakiboneka, Mastula, Seeley, Janet, Weiss, Helen A, Parkes, Jenny, Bonell, Chris, Naker, Dipak, and Devries, Karen

Subjects
Medicine, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract

BackgroundViolence against children in schools is a global public health problem. There is growing evidence that school-based interventions can be effective in reducing violence against children in schools. However, there is little evidence on the long-term impact of such interventions. The Good School Toolkit, developed by Raising Voices, a Uganda-based nonprofit organization, is a whole-school violence prevention intervention that aims to change the operational culture of primary schools. In 2014, the Good School Toolkit was evaluated through a cluster randomized controlled trial (Good Schools Study) and found to reduce teacher-to-student and student-to-student violence. ObjectiveThis protocol describes quantitative analyses to explore long-term outcomes of the Good School Toolkit intervention among adolescents in Uganda, including the extent to which it is associated with peer-violence victimization (primary outcome) and peer-violence perpetration, intimate-partner violence, acceptance of teacher-violence, equitable gender attitudes, agency, self-regulation, peer connectedness, social assets, psychological assets, and retention in school (secondary outcomes). MethodsThis is a nonrandomized quasi-experimental 4-year follow-up study of adolescents who attended the 42 Good Schools Study primary schools in 2014; 21 schools initiated the Good School Toolkit intervention during the trial from 2012, and 19 schools initiated the intervention after the trial (during the later delivery phase) from 2015; 2 schools did not implement the intervention. Students in the final school grade (Primary 7) during 2014 of the 19 primary schools in the later delivery phase are expected to have left school prior to toolkit delivery in 2015. Wave 1 data were collected in 2014 from 3431 grade Primary 5 to Primary 7 school students aged 11-14 years; these students were followed up in 2018-2019 when aged 16-19 years and invited to participate in the Wave 2 survey. Data were collected in face-to-face interviews by trained Ugandan field researchers. Toolkit exposure groups are defined as exposed during the Good Schools Study trial (from 2012), as exposed during later delivery (from 2015), or not exposed including those expected to have completed Primary 7 prior to later delivery or from the 2 schools that did not implement the toolkit. Associations between outcomes at Wave 2 and toolkit exposure groups will be analyzed using mixed-effect multivariable logistic and linear regression models for binary and continuous outcomes, respectively. This analysis is exploratory and aims to generate hypotheses on if, and under what circumstances, the toolkit influences later adolescent outcomes. ResultsData collection was completed in August 2019. ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first long-term follow-up study of adolescents exposed to a school-based violence-prevention intervention in sub-Saharan Africa. If the intervention reduces violence and improves other outcomes in later adolescence, then this study supports primary school interventions as key to achieving long-term population impacts. The pattern of effects will inform where reinforced or additional interventions are needed. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/20940

Published
2020
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193. Development and Acceptability of a Tablet-Based App to Support Men to Link to HIV Care: Mixed Methods Approach

Author

Mathenjwa, Thulile, Adeagbo, Oluwafemi, Zuma, Thembelihle, Dikgale, Keabetswe, Zeitlin, Anya, Matthews, Philippa, Seeley, Janet, Wyke, Sally, Tanser, Frank, Shahmanesh, Maryam, and Blandford, Ann

Subjects
Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundThe poor engagement of men with HIV care is attributed to a number of factors: fear of stigma, masculine representations, concerns related to confidentiality, and the time commitment needed to visit public health clinics. Digital technologies are emerging as an approach to support the engagement of men with care. ObjectiveThis study aims to deliver a usable and engaging tablet-based app, called EPIC-HIV 2 (Empowering People through Informed Choices for HIV 2), to support men in making informed decisions about engaging with HIV care in rural KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. MethodsWe employed a mixed methods, iterative, and three-phased design that was guided by self-determination theory (SDT), a person-based approach, and human-computer interaction techniques. We reviewed related literature and conducted secondary analyses of existing data to identify barriers and facilitators to linkage to care and inform content development and design principles and used focus group discussions with members of the community advisory board and general community to evaluate a PowerPoint prototype of the app; used observations and guided questions with a convenience sample of potential users from the intervention community to iteratively test and refine a functioning interactive app; and conducted qualitative interviews and satisfaction surveys with actual users to evaluate acceptability. ResultsPhase 1 identified supply- and demand-side barriers to linkage to care. Specifically, clinics were feminized spaces unattractive to men with high social costs of attendance. Men did not feel vulnerable to HIV, preferred traditional medicine, and were afraid of the consequences of being HIV positive. Thus, the app needed to allow men to identify the long-term health benefits to themselves and their families of starting antiretroviral therapy early and remaining on it, and these benefits typically outweigh the social costs of attending and being seen at a clinic. SDT led to content design that emphasized long-term benefits but at the same time supported the need for autonomy, competence, and relatedness and informed decision making. Phase 2 indicated that we needed to use simpler text and more images to help users understand and navigate the app. Phase 3 indicated that the app was acceptable and likely to encourage men to link to care. ConclusionsWe found that iteratively developing the app with potential users using local narratives ensured that EPIC-HIV 2 is usable, engaging, and acceptable. Although the app encouraged men to link to HIV care, it was insufficient as a stand-alone intervention for men in our sample to exercise their full autonomy to link to HIV care without other factors such as it being convenient to initiate treatment, individual experiences of HIV, and support. Combining tailored digital interventions with other interventions to address a range of barriers to HIV care, especially supply-side barriers, should be considered in the future to close the present linkage gap in the HIV treatment cascade.

Published
2020
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